i915_gem_gtt.c

/*
 * Copyright © 2010 Daniel Vetter
 * Copyright © 2011-2014 Intel Corporation
 *
 * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a
 * copy of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"),
 * to deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation
 * the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense,
 * and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the
 * Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
 *
 * The above copyright notice and this permission notice (including the next
 * paragraph) shall be included in all copies or substantial portions of the
 * Software.
 *
 * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
 * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
 * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT.  IN NO EVENT SHALL
 * THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
 * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING
 * FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS
 * IN THE SOFTWARE.
 *
 */

#include <linux/slab.h> /* fault-inject.h is not standalone! */

#include <linux/fault-inject.h>
#include <linux/log2.h>
#include <linux/random.h>
#include <linux/seq_file.h>
#include <linux/stop_machine.h>

#include <asm/set_memory.h>

#include <drm/drmP.h>
#include <drm/i915_drm.h>

#include "i915_drv.h"
#include "i915_vgpu.h"
#include "i915_trace.h"
#include "intel_drv.h"
#include "intel_frontbuffer.h"

#define I915_GFP_ALLOW_FAIL (GFP_KERNEL | __GFP_RETRY_MAYFAIL | __GFP_NOWARN)

/**
 * DOC: Global GTT views
 *
 * Background and previous state
 *
 * Historically objects could exists (be bound) in global GTT space only as
 * singular instances with a view representing all of the object's backing pages
 * in a linear fashion. This view will be called a normal view.
 *
 * To support multiple views of the same object, where the number of mapped
 * pages is not equal to the backing store, or where the layout of the pages
 * is not linear, concept of a GGTT view was added.
 *
 * One example of an alternative view is a stereo display driven by a single
 * image. In this case we would have a framebuffer looking like this
 * (2x2 pages):
 *
 *    12
 *    34
 *
 * Above would represent a normal GGTT view as normally mapped for GPU or CPU
 * rendering. In contrast, fed to the display engine would be an alternative
 * view which could look something like this:
 *
 *   1212
 *   3434
 *
 * In this example both the size and layout of pages in the alternative view is
 * different from the normal view.
 *
 * Implementation and usage
 *
 * GGTT views are implemented using VMAs and are distinguished via enum
 * i915_ggtt_view_type and struct i915_ggtt_view.
 *
 * A new flavour of core GEM functions which work with GGTT bound objects were
 * added with the _ggtt_ infix, and sometimes with _view postfix to avoid
 * renaming  in large amounts of code. They take the struct i915_ggtt_view
 * parameter encapsulating all metadata required to implement a view.
 *
 * As a helper for callers which are only interested in the normal view,
 * globally const i915_ggtt_view_normal singleton instance exists. All old core
 * GEM API functions, the ones not taking the view parameter, are operating on,
 * or with the normal GGTT view.
 *
 * Code wanting to add or use a new GGTT view needs to:
 *
 * 1. Add a new enum with a suitable name.
 * 2. Extend the metadata in the i915_ggtt_view structure if required.
 * 3. Add support to i915_get_vma_pages().
 *
 * New views are required to build a scatter-gather table from within the
 * i915_get_vma_pages function. This table is stored in the vma.ggtt_view and
 * exists for the lifetime of an VMA.
 *
 * Core API is designed to have copy semantics which means that passed in
 * struct i915_ggtt_view does not need to be persistent (left around after
 * calling the core API functions).
 *
 */

static int
i915_get_ggtt_vma_pages(struct i915_vma *vma);

static void gen6_ggtt_invalidate(struct drm_i915_private *dev_priv)
{
	/*
	 * Note that as an uncached mmio write, this will flush the
	 * WCB of the writes into the GGTT before it triggers the invalidate.
	 */
	I915_WRITE(GFX_FLSH_CNTL_GEN6, GFX_FLSH_CNTL_EN);
}

static void guc_ggtt_invalidate(struct drm_i915_private *dev_priv)
{
	gen6_ggtt_invalidate(dev_priv);
	I915_WRITE(GEN8_GTCR, GEN8_GTCR_INVALIDATE);
}

static void gmch_ggtt_invalidate(struct drm_i915_private *dev_priv)
{
	intel_gtt_chipset_flush();
}

static inline void i915_ggtt_invalidate(struct drm_i915_private *i915)
{
	i915->ggtt.invalidate(i915);
}

int intel_sanitize_enable_ppgtt(struct drm_i915_private *dev_priv,
			       	int enable_ppgtt)
{
	bool has_full_ppgtt;
	bool has_full_48bit_ppgtt;

	if (!dev_priv->info.has_aliasing_ppgtt)
		return 0;

	has_full_ppgtt = dev_priv->info.has_full_ppgtt;
	has_full_48bit_ppgtt = dev_priv->info.has_full_48bit_ppgtt;

	if (intel_vgpu_active(dev_priv)) {
		/* GVT-g has no support for 32bit ppgtt */
		has_full_ppgtt = false;
		has_full_48bit_ppgtt = intel_vgpu_has_full_48bit_ppgtt(dev_priv);
	}

	/*
	 * We don't allow disabling PPGTT for gen9+ as it's a requirement for
	 * execlists, the sole mechanism available to submit work.
	 */
	if (enable_ppgtt == 0 && INTEL_GEN(dev_priv) < 9)
		return 0;

	if (enable_ppgtt == 1)
		return 1;

	if (enable_ppgtt == 2 && has_full_ppgtt)
		return 2;

	if (enable_ppgtt == 3 && has_full_48bit_ppgtt)
		return 3;

	/* Disable ppgtt on SNB if VT-d is on. */
	if (IS_GEN6(dev_priv) && intel_vtd_active()) {
		DRM_INFO("Disabling PPGTT because VT-d is on\n");
		return 0;
	}

	/* Early VLV doesn't have this */
	if (IS_VALLEYVIEW(dev_priv) && dev_priv->drm.pdev->revision < 0xb) {
		DRM_DEBUG_DRIVER("disabling PPGTT on pre-B3 step VLV\n");
		return 0;
	}

	if (HAS_LOGICAL_RING_CONTEXTS(dev_priv)) {
		if (has_full_48bit_ppgtt)
			return 3;

		if (has_full_ppgtt)
			return 2;
	}

	return 1;
}

static int ppgtt_bind_vma(struct i915_vma *vma,
			  enum i915_cache_level cache_level,
			  u32 unused)
{
	u32 pte_flags;
	int err;

	if (!(vma->flags & I915_VMA_LOCAL_BIND)) {
		err = vma->vm->allocate_va_range(vma->vm,
						 vma->node.start, vma->size);
		if (err)
			return err;
	}

	/* Currently applicable only to VLV */
	pte_flags = 0;
	if (vma->obj->gt_ro)
		pte_flags |= PTE_READ_ONLY;

	vma->vm->insert_entries(vma->vm, vma, cache_level, pte_flags);

	return 0;
}

static void ppgtt_unbind_vma(struct i915_vma *vma)
{
	vma->vm->clear_range(vma->vm, vma->node.start, vma->size);
}

static int ppgtt_set_pages(struct i915_vma *vma)
{
	GEM_BUG_ON(vma->pages);

	vma->pages = vma->obj->mm.pages;

	vma->page_sizes = vma->obj->mm.page_sizes;

	return 0;
}

static void clear_pages(struct i915_vma *vma)
{
	GEM_BUG_ON(!vma->pages);

	if (vma->pages != vma->obj->mm.pages) {
		sg_free_table(vma->pages);
		kfree(vma->pages);
	}
	vma->pages = NULL;

	memset(&vma->page_sizes, 0, sizeof(vma->page_sizes));
}

static gen8_pte_t gen8_pte_encode(dma_addr_t addr,
				  enum i915_cache_level level)
{
	gen8_pte_t pte = _PAGE_PRESENT | _PAGE_RW;
	pte |= addr;

	switch (level) {
	case I915_CACHE_NONE:
		pte |= PPAT_UNCACHED;
		break;
	case I915_CACHE_WT:
		pte |= PPAT_DISPLAY_ELLC;
		break;
	default:
		pte |= PPAT_CACHED;
		break;
	}

	return pte;
}

static gen8_pde_t gen8_pde_encode(const dma_addr_t addr,
				  const enum i915_cache_level level)
{
	gen8_pde_t pde = _PAGE_PRESENT | _PAGE_RW;
	pde |= addr;
	if (level != I915_CACHE_NONE)
		pde |= PPAT_CACHED_PDE;
	else
		pde |= PPAT_UNCACHED;
	return pde;
}

#define gen8_pdpe_encode gen8_pde_encode
#define gen8_pml4e_encode gen8_pde_encode

static gen6_pte_t snb_pte_encode(dma_addr_t addr,
				 enum i915_cache_level level,
				 u32 unused)
{
	gen6_pte_t pte = GEN6_PTE_VALID;
	pte |= GEN6_PTE_ADDR_ENCODE(addr);

	switch (level) {
	case I915_CACHE_L3_LLC:
	case I915_CACHE_LLC:
		pte |= GEN6_PTE_CACHE_LLC;
		break;
	case I915_CACHE_NONE:
		pte |= GEN6_PTE_UNCACHED;
		break;
	default:
		MISSING_CASE(level);
	}

	return pte;
}

static gen6_pte_t ivb_pte_encode(dma_addr_t addr,
				 enum i915_cache_level level,
				 u32 unused)
{
	gen6_pte_t pte = GEN6_PTE_VALID;
	pte |= GEN6_PTE_ADDR_ENCODE(addr);

	switch (level) {
	case I915_CACHE_L3_LLC:
		pte |= GEN7_PTE_CACHE_L3_LLC;
		break;
	case I915_CACHE_LLC:
		pte |= GEN6_PTE_CACHE_LLC;
		break;
	case I915_CACHE_NONE:
		pte |= GEN6_PTE_UNCACHED;
		break;
	default:
		MISSING_CASE(level);
	}

	return pte;
}

static gen6_pte_t byt_pte_encode(dma_addr_t addr,
				 enum i915_cache_level level,
				 u32 flags)
{
	gen6_pte_t pte = GEN6_PTE_VALID;
	pte |= GEN6_PTE_ADDR_ENCODE(addr);

	if (!(flags & PTE_READ_ONLY))
		pte |= BYT_PTE_WRITEABLE;

	if (level != I915_CACHE_NONE)
		pte |= BYT_PTE_SNOOPED_BY_CPU_CACHES;

	return pte;
}

static gen6_pte_t hsw_pte_encode(dma_addr_t addr,
				 enum i915_cache_level level,
				 u32 unused)
{
	gen6_pte_t pte = GEN6_PTE_VALID;
	pte |= HSW_PTE_ADDR_ENCODE(addr);

	if (level != I915_CACHE_NONE)
		pte |= HSW_WB_LLC_AGE3;

	return pte;
}

static gen6_pte_t iris_pte_encode(dma_addr_t addr,
				  enum i915_cache_level level,
				  u32 unused)
{
	gen6_pte_t pte = GEN6_PTE_VALID;
	pte |= HSW_PTE_ADDR_ENCODE(addr);

	switch (level) {
	case I915_CACHE_NONE:
		break;
	case I915_CACHE_WT:
		pte |= HSW_WT_ELLC_LLC_AGE3;
		break;
	default:
		pte |= HSW_WB_ELLC_LLC_AGE3;
		break;
	}

	return pte;
}

static void stash_init(struct pagestash *stash)
{
	pagevec_init(&stash->pvec);
	spin_lock_init(&stash->lock);
}

static struct page *stash_pop_page(struct pagestash *stash)
{
	struct page *page = NULL;

	spin_lock(&stash->lock);
	if (likely(stash->pvec.nr))
		page = stash->pvec.pages[--stash->pvec.nr];
	spin_unlock(&stash->lock);

	return page;
}

static void stash_push_pagevec(struct pagestash *stash, struct pagevec *pvec)
{
	int nr;

	spin_lock_nested(&stash->lock, SINGLE_DEPTH_NESTING);

	nr = min_t(int, pvec->nr, pagevec_space(&stash->pvec));
	memcpy(stash->pvec.pages + stash->pvec.nr,
	       pvec->pages + pvec->nr - nr,
	       sizeof(pvec->pages[0]) * nr);
	stash->pvec.nr += nr;

	spin_unlock(&stash->lock);

	pvec->nr -= nr;
}

static struct page *vm_alloc_page(struct i915_address_space *vm, gfp_t gfp)
{
	struct pagevec stack;
	struct page *page;

	if (I915_SELFTEST_ONLY(should_fail(&vm->fault_attr, 1)))
		i915_gem_shrink_all(vm->i915);

	page = stash_pop_page(&vm->free_pages);
	if (page)
		return page;

	if (!vm->pt_kmap_wc)
		return alloc_page(gfp);

	/* Look in our global stash of WC pages... */
	page = stash_pop_page(&vm->i915->mm.wc_stash);
	if (page)
		return page;

	/*
	 * Otherwise batch allocate pages to amortize cost of set_pages_wc.
	 *
	 * We have to be careful as page allocation may trigger the shrinker
	 * (via direct reclaim) which will fill up the WC stash underneath us.
	 * So we add our WB pages into a temporary pvec on the stack and merge
	 * them into the WC stash after all the allocations are complete.
	 */
	pagevec_init(&stack);
	do {
		struct page *page;

		page = alloc_page(gfp);
		if (unlikely(!page))
			break;

		stack.pages[stack.nr++] = page;
	} while (pagevec_space(&stack));

	if (stack.nr && !set_pages_array_wc(stack.pages, stack.nr)) {
		page = stack.pages[--stack.nr];

		/* Merge spare WC pages to the global stash */
		stash_push_pagevec(&vm->i915->mm.wc_stash, &stack);

		/* Push any surplus WC pages onto the local VM stash */
		if (stack.nr)
			stash_push_pagevec(&vm->free_pages, &stack);
	}

	/* Return unwanted leftovers */
	if (unlikely(stack.nr)) {
		WARN_ON_ONCE(set_pages_array_wb(stack.pages, stack.nr));
		__pagevec_release(&stack);
	}

	return page;
}

static void vm_free_pages_release(struct i915_address_space *vm,
				  bool immediate)
{
	struct pagevec *pvec = &vm->free_pages.pvec;
	struct pagevec stack;

	lockdep_assert_held(&vm->free_pages.lock);
	GEM_BUG_ON(!pagevec_count(pvec));

	if (vm->pt_kmap_wc) {
		/*
		 * When we use WC, first fill up the global stash and then
		 * only if full immediately free the overflow.
		 */
		stash_push_pagevec(&vm->i915->mm.wc_stash, pvec);

		/*
		 * As we have made some room in the VM's free_pages,
		 * we can wait for it to fill again. Unless we are
		 * inside i915_address_space_fini() and must
		 * immediately release the pages!
		 */
		if (pvec->nr <= (immediate ? 0 : PAGEVEC_SIZE - 1))
			return;

		/*
		 * We have to drop the lock to allow ourselves to sleep,
		 * so take a copy of the pvec and clear the stash for
		 * others to use it as we sleep.
		 */
		stack = *pvec;
		pagevec_reinit(pvec);
		spin_unlock(&vm->free_pages.lock);

		pvec = &stack;
		set_pages_array_wb(pvec->pages, pvec->nr);

		spin_lock(&vm->free_pages.lock);
	}

	__pagevec_release(pvec);
}

static void vm_free_page(struct i915_address_space *vm, struct page *page)
{
	/*
	 * On !llc, we need to change the pages back to WB. We only do so
	 * in bulk, so we rarely need to change the page attributes here,
	 * but doing so requires a stop_machine() from deep inside arch/x86/mm.
	 * To make detection of the possible sleep more likely, use an
	 * unconditional might_sleep() for everybody.
	 */
	might_sleep();
	spin_lock(&vm->free_pages.lock);
	if (!pagevec_add(&vm->free_pages.pvec, page))
		vm_free_pages_release(vm, false);
	spin_unlock(&vm->free_pages.lock);
}

static void i915_address_space_init(struct i915_address_space *vm,
				    struct drm_i915_private *dev_priv)
{
	GEM_BUG_ON(!vm->total);
	drm_mm_init(&vm->mm, 0, vm->total);
	vm->mm.head_node.color = I915_COLOR_UNEVICTABLE;

	stash_init(&vm->free_pages);

	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&vm->active_list);
	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&vm->inactive_list);
	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&vm->unbound_list);

	list_add_tail(&vm->global_link, &dev_priv->vm_list);
}

static void i915_address_space_fini(struct i915_address_space *vm)
{
	spin_lock(&vm->free_pages.lock);
	if (pagevec_count(&vm->free_pages.pvec))
		vm_free_pages_release(vm, true);
	GEM_BUG_ON(pagevec_count(&vm->free_pages.pvec));
	spin_unlock(&vm->free_pages.lock);

	drm_mm_takedown(&vm->mm);
	list_del(&vm->global_link);
}

static int __setup_page_dma(struct i915_address_space *vm,
			    struct i915_page_dma *p,
			    gfp_t gfp)
{
	p->page = vm_alloc_page(vm, gfp | I915_GFP_ALLOW_FAIL);
	if (unlikely(!p->page))
		return -ENOMEM;

	p->daddr = dma_map_page(vm->dma, p->page, 0, PAGE_SIZE,
				PCI_DMA_BIDIRECTIONAL);
	if (unlikely(dma_mapping_error(vm->dma, p->daddr))) {
		vm_free_page(vm, p->page);
		return -ENOMEM;
	}

	return 0;
}

static int setup_page_dma(struct i915_address_space *vm,
			  struct i915_page_dma *p)
{
	return __setup_page_dma(vm, p, __GFP_HIGHMEM);
}

static void cleanup_page_dma(struct i915_address_space *vm,
			     struct i915_page_dma *p)
{
	dma_unmap_page(vm->dma, p->daddr, PAGE_SIZE, PCI_DMA_BIDIRECTIONAL);
	vm_free_page(vm, p->page);
}

#define kmap_atomic_px(px) kmap_atomic(px_base(px)->page)

#define setup_px(vm, px) setup_page_dma((vm), px_base(px))
#define cleanup_px(vm, px) cleanup_page_dma((vm), px_base(px))
#define fill_px(vm, px, v) fill_page_dma((vm), px_base(px), (v))
#define fill32_px(vm, px, v) fill_page_dma_32((vm), px_base(px), (v))

static void fill_page_dma(struct i915_address_space *vm,
			  struct i915_page_dma *p,
			  const u64 val)
{
	u64 * const vaddr = kmap_atomic(p->page);

	memset64(vaddr, val, PAGE_SIZE / sizeof(val));

	kunmap_atomic(vaddr);
}

static void fill_page_dma_32(struct i915_address_space *vm,
			     struct i915_page_dma *p,
			     const u32 v)
{
	fill_page_dma(vm, p, (u64)v << 32 | v);
}

static int
setup_scratch_page(struct i915_address_space *vm, gfp_t gfp)
{
	unsigned long size;

	/*
	 * In order to utilize 64K pages for an object with a size < 2M, we will
	 * need to support a 64K scratch page, given that every 16th entry for a
	 * page-table operating in 64K mode must point to a properly aligned 64K
	 * region, including any PTEs which happen to point to scratch.
	 *
	 * This is only relevant for the 48b PPGTT where we support
	 * huge-gtt-pages, see also i915_vma_insert().
	 *
	 * TODO: we should really consider write-protecting the scratch-page and
	 * sharing between ppgtt
	 */
	size = I915_GTT_PAGE_SIZE_4K;
	if (i915_vm_is_48bit(vm) &&
	    HAS_PAGE_SIZES(vm->i915, I915_GTT_PAGE_SIZE_64K)) {
		size = I915_GTT_PAGE_SIZE_64K;
		gfp |= __GFP_NOWARN;
	}
	gfp |= __GFP_ZERO | __GFP_RETRY_MAYFAIL;

	do {
		int order = get_order(size);
		struct page *page;
		dma_addr_t addr;

		page = alloc_pages(gfp, order);
		if (unlikely(!page))
			goto skip;

		addr = dma_map_page(vm->dma, page, 0, size,
				    PCI_DMA_BIDIRECTIONAL);
		if (unlikely(dma_mapping_error(vm->dma, addr)))
			goto free_page;

		if (unlikely(!IS_ALIGNED(addr, size)))
			goto unmap_page;

		vm->scratch_page.page = page;
		vm->scratch_page.daddr = addr;
		vm->scratch_page.order = order;
		return 0;

unmap_page:
		dma_unmap_page(vm->dma, addr, size, PCI_DMA_BIDIRECTIONAL);
free_page:
		__free_pages(page, order);
skip:
		if (size == I915_GTT_PAGE_SIZE_4K)
			return -ENOMEM;

		size = I915_GTT_PAGE_SIZE_4K;
		gfp &= ~__GFP_NOWARN;
	} while (1);
}

static void cleanup_scratch_page(struct i915_address_space *vm)
{
	struct i915_page_dma *p = &vm->scratch_page;

	dma_unmap_page(vm->dma, p->daddr, BIT(p->order) << PAGE_SHIFT,
		       PCI_DMA_BIDIRECTIONAL);
	__free_pages(p->page, p->order);
}

static struct i915_page_table *alloc_pt(struct i915_address_space *vm)
{
	struct i915_page_table *pt;

	pt = kmalloc(sizeof(*pt), I915_GFP_ALLOW_FAIL);
	if (unlikely(!pt))
		return ERR_PTR(-ENOMEM);

	if (unlikely(setup_px(vm, pt))) {
		kfree(pt);
		return ERR_PTR(-ENOMEM);
	}

	pt->used_ptes = 0;
	return pt;
}

static void free_pt(struct i915_address_space *vm, struct i915_page_table *pt)
{
	cleanup_px(vm, pt);
	kfree(pt);
}

static void gen8_initialize_pt(struct i915_address_space *vm,
			       struct i915_page_table *pt)
{
	fill_px(vm, pt,
		gen8_pte_encode(vm->scratch_page.daddr, I915_CACHE_LLC));
}

static void gen6_initialize_pt(struct gen6_hw_ppgtt *ppgtt,
			       struct i915_page_table *pt)
{
	fill32_px(&ppgtt->base.vm, pt, ppgtt->scratch_pte);
}

static struct i915_page_directory *alloc_pd(struct i915_address_space *vm)
{
	struct i915_page_directory *pd;

	pd = kzalloc(sizeof(*pd), I915_GFP_ALLOW_FAIL);
	if (unlikely(!pd))
		return ERR_PTR(-ENOMEM);

	if (unlikely(setup_px(vm, pd))) {
		kfree(pd);
		return ERR_PTR(-ENOMEM);
	}

	pd->used_pdes = 0;
	return pd;
}

static void free_pd(struct i915_address_space *vm,
		    struct i915_page_directory *pd)
{
	cleanup_px(vm, pd);
	kfree(pd);
}

static void gen8_initialize_pd(struct i915_address_space *vm,
			       struct i915_page_directory *pd)
{
	fill_px(vm, pd,
		gen8_pde_encode(px_dma(vm->scratch_pt), I915_CACHE_LLC));
	memset_p((void **)pd->page_table, vm->scratch_pt, I915_PDES);
}

static int __pdp_init(struct i915_address_space *vm,
		      struct i915_page_directory_pointer *pdp)
{
	const unsigned int pdpes = i915_pdpes_per_pdp(vm);

	pdp->page_directory = kmalloc_array(pdpes, sizeof(*pdp->page_directory),
					    I915_GFP_ALLOW_FAIL);
	if (unlikely(!pdp->page_directory))
		return -ENOMEM;

	memset_p((void **)pdp->page_directory, vm->scratch_pd, pdpes);

	return 0;
}

static void __pdp_fini(struct i915_page_directory_pointer *pdp)
{
	kfree(pdp->page_directory);
	pdp->page_directory = NULL;
}

static inline bool use_4lvl(const struct i915_address_space *vm)
{
	return i915_vm_is_48bit(vm);
}

static struct i915_page_directory_pointer *
alloc_pdp(struct i915_address_space *vm)
{
	struct i915_page_directory_pointer *pdp;
	int ret = -ENOMEM;

	GEM_BUG_ON(!use_4lvl(vm));

	pdp = kzalloc(sizeof(*pdp), GFP_KERNEL);
	if (!pdp)
		return ERR_PTR(-ENOMEM);

	ret = __pdp_init(vm, pdp);
	if (ret)
		goto fail_bitmap;

	ret = setup_px(vm, pdp);
	if (ret)
		goto fail_page_m;

	return pdp;

fail_page_m:
	__pdp_fini(pdp);
fail_bitmap:
	kfree(pdp);

	return ERR_PTR(ret);
}

static void free_pdp(struct i915_address_space *vm,
		     struct i915_page_directory_pointer *pdp)
{
	__pdp_fini(pdp);

	if (!use_4lvl(vm))
		return;

	cleanup_px(vm, pdp);
	kfree(pdp);
}

static void gen8_initialize_pdp(struct i915_address_space *vm,
				struct i915_page_directory_pointer *pdp)
{
	gen8_ppgtt_pdpe_t scratch_pdpe;

	scratch_pdpe = gen8_pdpe_encode(px_dma(vm->scratch_pd), I915_CACHE_LLC);

	fill_px(vm, pdp, scratch_pdpe);
}

static void gen8_initialize_pml4(struct i915_address_space *vm,
				 struct i915_pml4 *pml4)
{
	fill_px(vm, pml4,
		gen8_pml4e_encode(px_dma(vm->scratch_pdp), I915_CACHE_LLC));
	memset_p((void **)pml4->pdps, vm->scratch_pdp, GEN8_PML4ES_PER_PML4);
}

/* PDE TLBs are a pain to invalidate on GEN8+. When we modify
 * the page table structures, we mark them dirty so that
 * context switching/execlist queuing code takes extra steps
 * to ensure that tlbs are flushed.
 */
static void mark_tlbs_dirty(struct i915_hw_ppgtt *ppgtt)
{
	ppgtt->pd_dirty_rings = INTEL_INFO(ppgtt->vm.i915)->ring_mask;
}

/* Removes entries from a single page table, releasing it if it's empty.
 * Caller can use the return value to update higher-level entries.
 */
static bool gen8_ppgtt_clear_pt(struct i915_address_space *vm,
				struct i915_page_table *pt,
				u64 start, u64 length)
{
	unsigned int num_entries = gen8_pte_count(start, length);
	unsigned int pte = gen8_pte_index(start);
	unsigned int pte_end = pte + num_entries;
	const gen8_pte_t scratch_pte =
		gen8_pte_encode(vm->scratch_page.daddr, I915_CACHE_LLC);
	gen8_pte_t *vaddr;

	GEM_BUG_ON(num_entries > pt->used_ptes);

	pt->used_ptes -= num_entries;
	if (!pt->used_ptes)
		return true;

	vaddr = kmap_atomic_px(pt);
	while (pte < pte_end)
		vaddr[pte++] = scratch_pte;
	kunmap_atomic(vaddr);

	return false;
}

static void gen8_ppgtt_set_pde(struct i915_address_space *vm,
			       struct i915_page_directory *pd,
			       struct i915_page_table *pt,
			       unsigned int pde)
{
	gen8_pde_t *vaddr;

	pd->page_table[pde] = pt;

	vaddr = kmap_atomic_px(pd);
	vaddr[pde] = gen8_pde_encode(px_dma(pt), I915_CACHE_LLC);
	kunmap_atomic(vaddr);
}

static bool gen8_ppgtt_clear_pd(struct i915_address_space *vm,
				struct i915_page_directory *pd,
				u64 start, u64 length)
{
	struct i915_page_table *pt;
	u32 pde;

	gen8_for_each_pde(pt, pd, start, length, pde) {
		GEM_BUG_ON(pt == vm->scratch_pt);

		if (!gen8_ppgtt_clear_pt(vm, pt, start, length))
			continue;

		gen8_ppgtt_set_pde(vm, pd, vm->scratch_pt, pde);
		GEM_BUG_ON(!pd->used_pdes);
		pd->used_pdes--;

		free_pt(vm, pt);
	}

	return !pd->used_pdes;
}

static void gen8_ppgtt_set_pdpe(struct i915_address_space *vm,
				struct i915_page_directory_pointer *pdp,
				struct i915_page_directory *pd,
				unsigned int pdpe)
{
	gen8_ppgtt_pdpe_t *vaddr;

	pdp->page_directory[pdpe] = pd;
	if (!use_4lvl(vm))
		return;

	vaddr = kmap_atomic_px(pdp);
	vaddr[pdpe] = gen8_pdpe_encode(px_dma(pd), I915_CACHE_LLC);
	kunmap_atomic(vaddr);
}

/* Removes entries from a single page dir pointer, releasing it if it's empty.
 * Caller can use the return value to update higher-level entries
 */
static bool gen8_ppgtt_clear_pdp(struct i915_address_space *vm,
				 struct i915_page_directory_pointer *pdp,
				 u64 start, u64 length)
{
	struct i915_page_directory *pd;
	unsigned int pdpe;

	gen8_for_each_pdpe(pd, pdp, start, length, pdpe) {
		GEM_BUG_ON(pd == vm->scratch_pd);

		if (!gen8_ppgtt_clear_pd(vm, pd, start, length))
			continue;

		gen8_ppgtt_set_pdpe(vm, pdp, vm->scratch_pd, pdpe);
		GEM_BUG_ON(!pdp->used_pdpes);
		pdp->used_pdpes--;

		free_pd(vm, pd);
	}

	return !pdp->used_pdpes;
}

static void gen8_ppgtt_clear_3lvl(struct i915_address_space *vm,
				  u64 start, u64 length)
{
	gen8_ppgtt_clear_pdp(vm, &i915_vm_to_ppgtt(vm)->pdp, start, length);
}

static void gen8_ppgtt_set_pml4e(struct i915_pml4 *pml4,
				 struct i915_page_directory_pointer *pdp,
				 unsigned int pml4e)
{
	gen8_ppgtt_pml4e_t *vaddr;

	pml4->pdps[pml4e] = pdp;

	vaddr = kmap_atomic_px(pml4);
	vaddr[pml4e] = gen8_pml4e_encode(px_dma(pdp), I915_CACHE_LLC);
	kunmap_atomic(vaddr);
}

/* Removes entries from a single pml4.
 * This is the top-level structure in 4-level page tables used on gen8+.
 * Empty entries are always scratch pml4e.
 */
static void gen8_ppgtt_clear_4lvl(struct i915_address_space *vm,
				  u64 start, u64 length)
{
	struct i915_hw_ppgtt *ppgtt = i915_vm_to_ppgtt(vm);
	struct i915_pml4 *pml4 = &ppgtt->pml4;
	struct i915_page_directory_pointer *pdp;
	unsigned int pml4e;

	GEM_BUG_ON(!use_4lvl(vm));

	gen8_for_each_pml4e(pdp, pml4, start, length, pml4e) {
		GEM_BUG_ON(pdp == vm->scratch_pdp);

		if (!gen8_ppgtt_clear_pdp(vm, pdp, start, length))
			continue;

		gen8_ppgtt_set_pml4e(pml4, vm->scratch_pdp, pml4e);

		free_pdp(vm, pdp);
	}
}

static inline struct sgt_dma {
	struct scatterlist *sg;
	dma_addr_t dma, max;
} sgt_dma(struct i915_vma *vma) {
	struct scatterlist *sg = vma->pages->sgl;
	dma_addr_t addr = sg_dma_address(sg);
	return (struct sgt_dma) { sg, addr, addr + sg->length };
}

struct gen8_insert_pte {
	u16 pml4e;
	u16 pdpe;
	u16 pde;
	u16 pte;
};

static __always_inline struct gen8_insert_pte gen8_insert_pte(u64 start)
{
	return (struct gen8_insert_pte) {
		 gen8_pml4e_index(start),
		 gen8_pdpe_index(start),
		 gen8_pde_index(start),
		 gen8_pte_index(start),
	};
}

static __always_inline bool
gen8_ppgtt_insert_pte_entries(struct i915_hw_ppgtt *ppgtt,
			      struct i915_page_directory_pointer *pdp,
			      struct sgt_dma *iter,
			      struct gen8_insert_pte *idx,
			      enum i915_cache_level cache_level)
{
	struct i915_page_directory *pd;
	const gen8_pte_t pte_encode = gen8_pte_encode(0, cache_level);
	gen8_pte_t *vaddr;
	bool ret;

	GEM_BUG_ON(idx->pdpe >= i915_pdpes_per_pdp(&ppgtt->vm));
	pd = pdp->page_directory[idx->pdpe];
	vaddr = kmap_atomic_px(pd->page_table[idx->pde]);
	do {
		vaddr[idx->pte] = pte_encode | iter->dma;

		iter->dma += PAGE_SIZE;
		if (iter->dma >= iter->max) {
			iter->sg = __sg_next(iter->sg);
			if (!iter->sg) {
				ret = false;
				break;
			}

			iter->dma = sg_dma_address(iter->sg);
			iter->max = iter->dma + iter->sg->length;
		}

		if (++idx->pte == GEN8_PTES) {
			idx->pte = 0;

			if (++idx->pde == I915_PDES) {
				idx->pde = 0;

				/* Limited by sg length for 3lvl */
				if (++idx->pdpe == GEN8_PML4ES_PER_PML4) {
					idx->pdpe = 0;
					ret = true;
					break;
				}

				GEM_BUG_ON(idx->pdpe >= i915_pdpes_per_pdp(&ppgtt->vm));
				pd = pdp->page_directory[idx->pdpe];
			}

			kunmap_atomic(vaddr);
			vaddr = kmap_atomic_px(pd->page_table[idx->pde]);
		}
	} while (1);
	kunmap_atomic(vaddr);

	return ret;
}

static void gen8_ppgtt_insert_3lvl(struct i915_address_space *vm,
				   struct i915_vma *vma,
				   enum i915_cache_level cache_level,
				   u32 unused)
{
	struct i915_hw_ppgtt *ppgtt = i915_vm_to_ppgtt(vm);
	struct sgt_dma iter = sgt_dma(vma);
	struct gen8_insert_pte idx = gen8_insert_pte(vma->node.start);

	gen8_ppgtt_insert_pte_entries(ppgtt, &ppgtt->pdp, &iter, &idx,
				      cache_level);

	vma->page_sizes.gtt = I915_GTT_PAGE_SIZE;
}

static void gen8_ppgtt_insert_huge_entries(struct i915_vma *vma,
					   struct i915_page_directory_pointer **pdps,
					   struct sgt_dma *iter,
					   enum i915_cache_level cache_level)
{
	const gen8_pte_t pte_encode = gen8_pte_encode(0, cache_level);
	u64 start = vma->node.start;
	dma_addr_t rem = iter->sg->length;

	do {
		struct gen8_insert_pte idx = gen8_insert_pte(start);
		struct i915_page_directory_pointer *pdp = pdps[idx.pml4e];
		struct i915_page_directory *pd = pdp->page_directory[idx.pdpe];
		unsigned int page_size;
		bool maybe_64K = false;
		gen8_pte_t encode = pte_encode;
		gen8_pte_t *vaddr;
		u16 index, max;

		if (vma->page_sizes.sg & I915_GTT_PAGE_SIZE_2M &&
		    IS_ALIGNED(iter->dma, I915_GTT_PAGE_SIZE_2M) &&
		    rem >= I915_GTT_PAGE_SIZE_2M && !idx.pte) {
			index = idx.pde;
			max = I915_PDES;
			page_size = I915_GTT_PAGE_SIZE_2M;

			encode |= GEN8_PDE_PS_2M;

			vaddr = kmap_atomic_px(pd);
		} else {
			struct i915_page_table *pt = pd->page_table[idx.pde];

			index = idx.pte;
			max = GEN8_PTES;
			page_size = I915_GTT_PAGE_SIZE;

			if (!index &&
			    vma->page_sizes.sg & I915_GTT_PAGE_SIZE_64K &&
			    IS_ALIGNED(iter->dma, I915_GTT_PAGE_SIZE_64K) &&
			    (IS_ALIGNED(rem, I915_GTT_PAGE_SIZE_64K) ||
			     rem >= (max - index) << PAGE_SHIFT))
				maybe_64K = true;

			vaddr = kmap_atomic_px(pt);
		}

		do {
			GEM_BUG_ON(iter->sg->length < page_size);
			vaddr[index++] = encode | iter->dma;

			start += page_size;
			iter->dma += page_size;
			rem -= page_size;
			if (iter->dma >= iter->max) {
				iter->sg = __sg_next(iter->sg);
				if (!iter->sg)
					break;

				rem = iter->sg->length;
				iter->dma = sg_dma_address(iter->sg);
				iter->max = iter->dma + rem;

				if (maybe_64K && index < max &&
				    !(IS_ALIGNED(iter->dma, I915_GTT_PAGE_SIZE_64K) &&
				      (IS_ALIGNED(rem, I915_GTT_PAGE_SIZE_64K) ||
				       rem >= (max - index) << PAGE_SHIFT)))
					maybe_64K = false;

				if (unlikely(!IS_ALIGNED(iter->dma, page_size)))
					break;
			}
		} while (rem >= page_size && index < max);

		kunmap_atomic(vaddr);

		/*
		 * Is it safe to mark the 2M block as 64K? -- Either we have
		 * filled whole page-table with 64K entries, or filled part of
		 * it and have reached the end of the sg table and we have
		 * enough padding.
		 */
		if (maybe_64K &&
		    (index == max ||
		     (i915_vm_has_scratch_64K(vma->vm) &&
		      !iter->sg && IS_ALIGNED(vma->node.start +
					      vma->node.size,
					      I915_GTT_PAGE_SIZE_2M)))) {
			vaddr = kmap_atomic_px(pd);
			vaddr[idx.pde] |= GEN8_PDE_IPS_64K;
			kunmap_atomic(vaddr);
			page_size = I915_GTT_PAGE_SIZE_64K;

			/*
			 * We write all 4K page entries, even when using 64K
			 * pages. In order to verify that the HW isn't cheating
			 * by using the 4K PTE instead of the 64K PTE, we want
			 * to remove all the surplus entries. If the HW skipped
			 * the 64K PTE, it will read/write into the scratch page
			 * instead - which we detect as missing results during
			 * selftests.
			 */
			if (I915_SELFTEST_ONLY(vma->vm->scrub_64K)) {
				u16 i;

				encode = pte_encode | vma->vm->scratch_page.daddr;
				vaddr = kmap_atomic_px(pd->page_table[idx.pde]);

				for (i = 1; i < index; i += 16)
					memset64(vaddr + i, encode, 15);

				kunmap_atomic(vaddr);
			}
		}

		vma->page_sizes.gtt |= page_size;
	} while (iter->sg);
}

static void gen8_ppgtt_insert_4lvl(struct i915_address_space *vm,
				   struct i915_vma *vma,
				   enum i915_cache_level cache_level,
				   u32 unused)
{
	struct i915_hw_ppgtt *ppgtt = i915_vm_to_ppgtt(vm);
	struct sgt_dma iter = sgt_dma(vma);
	struct i915_page_directory_pointer **pdps = ppgtt->pml4.pdps;

	if (vma->page_sizes.sg > I915_GTT_PAGE_SIZE) {
		gen8_ppgtt_insert_huge_entries(vma, pdps, &iter, cache_level);
	} else {
		struct gen8_insert_pte idx = gen8_insert_pte(vma->node.start);

		while (gen8_ppgtt_insert_pte_entries(ppgtt, pdps[idx.pml4e++],
						     &iter, &idx, cache_level))
			GEM_BUG_ON(idx.pml4e >= GEN8_PML4ES_PER_PML4);

		vma->page_sizes.gtt = I915_GTT_PAGE_SIZE;
	}
}

static void gen8_free_page_tables(struct i915_address_space *vm,
				  struct i915_page_directory *pd)
{
	int i;

	if (!px_page(pd))
		return;

	for (i = 0; i < I915_PDES; i++) {
		if (pd->page_table[i] != vm->scratch_pt)
			free_pt(vm, pd->page_table[i]);
	}
}

static int gen8_init_scratch(struct i915_address_space *vm)
{
	int ret;

	ret = setup_scratch_page(vm, __GFP_HIGHMEM);
	if (ret)
		return ret;

	vm->scratch_pt = alloc_pt(vm);
	if (IS_ERR(vm->scratch_pt)) {
		ret = PTR_ERR(vm->scratch_pt);
		goto free_scratch_page;
	}

	vm->scratch_pd = alloc_pd(vm);
	if (IS_ERR(vm->scratch_pd)) {
		ret = PTR_ERR(vm->scratch_pd);
		goto free_pt;
	}

	if (use_4lvl(vm)) {
		vm->scratch_pdp = alloc_pdp(vm);
		if (IS_ERR(vm->scratch_pdp)) {
			ret = PTR_ERR(vm->scratch_pdp);
			goto free_pd;
		}
	}

	gen8_initialize_pt(vm, vm->scratch_pt);
	gen8_initialize_pd(vm, vm->scratch_pd);
	if (use_4lvl(vm))
		gen8_initialize_pdp(vm, vm->scratch_pdp);

	return 0;

free_pd:
	free_pd(vm, vm->scratch_pd);
free_pt:
	free_pt(vm, vm->scratch_pt);
free_scratch_page:
	cleanup_scratch_page(vm);

	return ret;
}

static int gen8_ppgtt_notify_vgt(struct i915_hw_ppgtt *ppgtt, bool create)
{
	struct i915_address_space *vm = &ppgtt->vm;
	struct drm_i915_private *dev_priv = vm->i915;
	enum vgt_g2v_type msg;
	int i;

	if (use_4lvl(vm)) {
		const u64 daddr = px_dma(&ppgtt->pml4);

		I915_WRITE(vgtif_reg(pdp[0].lo), lower_32_bits(daddr));
		I915_WRITE(vgtif_reg(pdp[0].hi), upper_32_bits(daddr));

		msg = (create ? VGT_G2V_PPGTT_L4_PAGE_TABLE_CREATE :
				VGT_G2V_PPGTT_L4_PAGE_TABLE_DESTROY);
	} else {
		for (i = 0; i < GEN8_3LVL_PDPES; i++) {
			const u64 daddr = i915_page_dir_dma_addr(ppgtt, i);

			I915_WRITE(vgtif_reg(pdp[i].lo), lower_32_bits(daddr));
			I915_WRITE(vgtif_reg(pdp[i].hi), upper_32_bits(daddr));
		}

		msg = (create ? VGT_G2V_PPGTT_L3_PAGE_TABLE_CREATE :
				VGT_G2V_PPGTT_L3_PAGE_TABLE_DESTROY);
	}

	I915_WRITE(vgtif_reg(g2v_notify), msg);

	return 0;
}

static void gen8_free_scratch(struct i915_address_space *vm)
{
	if (use_4lvl(vm))
		free_pdp(vm, vm->scratch_pdp);
	free_pd(vm, vm->scratch_pd);
	free_pt(vm, vm->scratch_pt);
	cleanup_scratch_page(vm);
}

static void gen8_ppgtt_cleanup_3lvl(struct i915_address_space *vm,
				    struct i915_page_directory_pointer *pdp)
{
	const unsigned int pdpes = i915_pdpes_per_pdp(vm);
	int i;

	for (i = 0; i < pdpes; i++) {
		if (pdp->page_directory[i] == vm->scratch_pd)
			continue;

		gen8_free_page_tables(vm, pdp->page_directory[i]);
		free_pd(vm, pdp->page_directory[i]);
	}

	free_pdp(vm, pdp);
}

static void gen8_ppgtt_cleanup_4lvl(struct i915_hw_ppgtt *ppgtt)
{
	int i;

	for (i = 0; i < GEN8_PML4ES_PER_PML4; i++) {
		if (ppgtt->pml4.pdps[i] == ppgtt->vm.scratch_pdp)
			continue;

		gen8_ppgtt_cleanup_3lvl(&ppgtt->vm, ppgtt->pml4.pdps[i]);
	}

	cleanup_px(&ppgtt->vm, &ppgtt->pml4);
}

static void gen8_ppgtt_cleanup(struct i915_address_space *vm)
{
	struct drm_i915_private *dev_priv = vm->i915;
	struct i915_hw_ppgtt *ppgtt = i915_vm_to_ppgtt(vm);

	if (intel_vgpu_active(dev_priv))
		gen8_ppgtt_notify_vgt(ppgtt, false);

	if (use_4lvl(vm))
		gen8_ppgtt_cleanup_4lvl(ppgtt);
	else
		gen8_ppgtt_cleanup_3lvl(&ppgtt->vm, &ppgtt->pdp);

	gen8_free_scratch(vm);
}

static int gen8_ppgtt_alloc_pd(struct i915_address_space *vm,
			       struct i915_page_directory *pd,
			       u64 start, u64 length)
{
	struct i915_page_table *pt;
	u64 from = start;
	unsigned int pde;

	gen8_for_each_pde(pt, pd, start, length, pde) {
		int count = gen8_pte_count(start, length);

		if (pt == vm->scratch_pt) {
			pd->used_pdes++;

			pt = alloc_pt(vm);
			if (IS_ERR(pt)) {
				pd->used_pdes--;
				goto unwind;
			}

			if (count < GEN8_PTES || intel_vgpu_active(vm->i915))
				gen8_initialize_pt(vm, pt);

			gen8_ppgtt_set_pde(vm, pd, pt, pde);
			GEM_BUG_ON(pd->used_pdes > I915_PDES);
		}

		pt->used_ptes += count;
	}
	return 0;

unwind:
	gen8_ppgtt_clear_pd(vm, pd, from, start - from);
	return -ENOMEM;
}

static int gen8_ppgtt_alloc_pdp(struct i915_address_space *vm,
				struct i915_page_directory_pointer *pdp,
				u64 start, u64 length)
{
	struct i915_page_directory *pd;
	u64 from = start;
	unsigned int pdpe;
	int ret;

	gen8_for_each_pdpe(pd, pdp, start, length, pdpe) {
		if (pd == vm->scratch_pd) {
			pdp->used_pdpes++;

			pd = alloc_pd(vm);
			if (IS_ERR(pd)) {
				pdp->used_pdpes--;
				goto unwind;
			}

			gen8_initialize_pd(vm, pd);
			gen8_ppgtt_set_pdpe(vm, pdp, pd, pdpe);
			GEM_BUG_ON(pdp->used_pdpes > i915_pdpes_per_pdp(vm));

			mark_tlbs_dirty(i915_vm_to_ppgtt(vm));
		}

		ret = gen8_ppgtt_alloc_pd(vm, pd, start, length);
		if (unlikely(ret))
			goto unwind_pd;
	}

	return 0;

unwind_pd:
	if (!pd->used_pdes) {
		gen8_ppgtt_set_pdpe(vm, pdp, vm->scratch_pd, pdpe);
		GEM_BUG_ON(!pdp->used_pdpes);
		pdp->used_pdpes--;
		free_pd(vm, pd);
	}
unwind:
	gen8_ppgtt_clear_pdp(vm, pdp, from, start - from);
	return -ENOMEM;
}

static int gen8_ppgtt_alloc_3lvl(struct i915_address_space *vm,
				 u64 start, u64 length)
{
	return gen8_ppgtt_alloc_pdp(vm,
				    &i915_vm_to_ppgtt(vm)->pdp, start, length);
}

static int gen8_ppgtt_alloc_4lvl(struct i915_address_space *vm,
				 u64 start, u64 length)
{
	struct i915_hw_ppgtt *ppgtt = i915_vm_to_ppgtt(vm);
	struct i915_pml4 *pml4 = &ppgtt->pml4;
	struct i915_page_directory_pointer *pdp;
	u64 from = start;
	u32 pml4e;
	int ret;

	gen8_for_each_pml4e(pdp, pml4, start, length, pml4e) {
		if (pml4->pdps[pml4e] == vm->scratch_pdp) {
			pdp = alloc_pdp(vm);
			if (IS_ERR(pdp))
				goto unwind;

			gen8_initialize_pdp(vm, pdp);
			gen8_ppgtt_set_pml4e(pml4, pdp, pml4e);
		}

		ret = gen8_ppgtt_alloc_pdp(vm, pdp, start, length);
		if (unlikely(ret))
			goto unwind_pdp;
	}

	return 0;

unwind_pdp:
	if (!pdp->used_pdpes) {
		gen8_ppgtt_set_pml4e(pml4, vm->scratch_pdp, pml4e);
		free_pdp(vm, pdp);
	}
unwind:
	gen8_ppgtt_clear_4lvl(vm, from, start - from);
	return -ENOMEM;
}

static void gen8_dump_pdp(struct i915_hw_ppgtt *ppgtt,
			  struct i915_page_directory_pointer *pdp,
			  u64 start, u64 length,
			  gen8_pte_t scratch_pte,
			  struct seq_file *m)
{
	struct i915_address_space *vm = &ppgtt->vm;
	struct i915_page_directory *pd;
	u32 pdpe;

	gen8_for_each_pdpe(pd, pdp, start, length, pdpe) {
		struct i915_page_table *pt;
		u64 pd_len = length;
		u64 pd_start = start;
		u32 pde;

		if (pdp->page_directory[pdpe] == ppgtt->vm.scratch_pd)
			continue;

		seq_printf(m, "\tPDPE #%d\n", pdpe);
		gen8_for_each_pde(pt, pd, pd_start, pd_len, pde) {
			u32 pte;
			gen8_pte_t *pt_vaddr;

			if (pd->page_table[pde] == ppgtt->vm.scratch_pt)
				continue;

			pt_vaddr = kmap_atomic_px(pt);
			for (pte = 0; pte < GEN8_PTES; pte += 4) {
				u64 va = (pdpe << GEN8_PDPE_SHIFT |
					  pde << GEN8_PDE_SHIFT |
					  pte << GEN8_PTE_SHIFT);
				int i;
				bool found = false;

				for (i = 0; i < 4; i++)
					if (pt_vaddr[pte + i] != scratch_pte)
						found = true;
				if (!found)
					continue;

				seq_printf(m, "\t\t0x%llx [%03d,%03d,%04d]: =", va, pdpe, pde, pte);
				for (i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
					if (pt_vaddr[pte + i] != scratch_pte)
						seq_printf(m, " %llx", pt_vaddr[pte + i]);
					else
						seq_puts(m, "  SCRATCH ");
				}
				seq_puts(m, "\n");
			}
			kunmap_atomic(pt_vaddr);
		}
	}
}

static void gen8_dump_ppgtt(struct i915_hw_ppgtt *ppgtt, struct seq_file *m)
{
	struct i915_address_space *vm = &ppgtt->vm;
	const gen8_pte_t scratch_pte =
		gen8_pte_encode(vm->scratch_page.daddr, I915_CACHE_LLC);
	u64 start = 0, length = ppgtt->vm.total;

	if (use_4lvl(vm)) {
		u64 pml4e;
		struct i915_pml4 *pml4 = &ppgtt->pml4;
		struct i915_page_directory_pointer *pdp;

		gen8_for_each_pml4e(pdp, pml4, start, length, pml4e) {
			if (pml4->pdps[pml4e] == ppgtt->vm.scratch_pdp)
				continue;

			seq_printf(m, "    PML4E #%llu\n", pml4e);
			gen8_dump_pdp(ppgtt, pdp, start, length, scratch_pte, m);
		}
	} else {
		gen8_dump_pdp(ppgtt, &ppgtt->pdp, start, length, scratch_pte, m);
	}
}

static int gen8_preallocate_top_level_pdp(struct i915_hw_ppgtt *ppgtt)
{
	struct i915_address_space *vm = &ppgtt->vm;
	struct i915_page_directory_pointer *pdp = &ppgtt->pdp;
	struct i915_page_directory *pd;
	u64 start = 0, length = ppgtt->vm.total;
	u64 from = start;
	unsigned int pdpe;

	gen8_for_each_pdpe(pd, pdp, start, length, pdpe) {
		pd = alloc_pd(vm);
		if (IS_ERR(pd))
			goto unwind;

		gen8_initialize_pd(vm, pd);
		gen8_ppgtt_set_pdpe(vm, pdp, pd, pdpe);
		pdp->used_pdpes++;
	}

	pdp->used_pdpes++; /* never remove */
	return 0;

unwind:
	start -= from;
	gen8_for_each_pdpe(pd, pdp, from, start, pdpe) {
		gen8_ppgtt_set_pdpe(vm, pdp, vm->scratch_pd, pdpe);
		free_pd(vm, pd);
	}
	pdp->used_pdpes = 0;
	return -ENOMEM;
}

/*
 * GEN8 legacy ppgtt programming is accomplished through a max 4 PDP registers
 * with a net effect resembling a 2-level page table in normal x86 terms. Each
 * PDP represents 1GB of memory 4 * 512 * 512 * 4096 = 4GB legacy 32b address
 * space.
 *
 */
static struct i915_hw_ppgtt *gen8_ppgtt_create(struct drm_i915_private *i915)
{
	struct i915_hw_ppgtt *ppgtt;
	int err;

	ppgtt = kzalloc(sizeof(*ppgtt), GFP_KERNEL);
	if (!ppgtt)
		return ERR_PTR(-ENOMEM);

	kref_init(&ppgtt->ref);

	ppgtt->vm.i915 = i915;
	ppgtt->vm.dma = &i915->drm.pdev->dev;

	ppgtt->vm.total = USES_FULL_48BIT_PPGTT(i915) ?
		1ULL << 48 :
		1ULL << 32;

	i915_address_space_init(&ppgtt->vm, i915);

	/* There are only few exceptions for gen >=6. chv and bxt.
	 * And we are not sure about the latter so play safe for now.
	 */
	if (IS_CHERRYVIEW(i915) || IS_BROXTON(i915))
		ppgtt->vm.pt_kmap_wc = true;

	err = gen8_init_scratch(&ppgtt->vm);
	if (err)
		goto err_free;

	if (use_4lvl(&ppgtt->vm)) {
		err = setup_px(&ppgtt->vm, &ppgtt->pml4);
		if (err)
			goto err_scratch;

		gen8_initialize_pml4(&ppgtt->vm, &ppgtt->pml4);

		ppgtt->vm.allocate_va_range = gen8_ppgtt_alloc_4lvl;
		ppgtt->vm.insert_entries = gen8_ppgtt_insert_4lvl;
		ppgtt->vm.clear_range = gen8_ppgtt_clear_4lvl;
	} else {
		err = __pdp_init(&ppgtt->vm, &ppgtt->pdp);
		if (err)
			goto err_scratch;

		if (intel_vgpu_active(i915)) {
			err = gen8_preallocate_top_level_pdp(ppgtt);
			if (err) {
				__pdp_fini(&ppgtt->pdp);
				goto err_scratch;
			}
		}

		ppgtt->vm.allocate_va_range = gen8_ppgtt_alloc_3lvl;
		ppgtt->vm.insert_entries = gen8_ppgtt_insert_3lvl;
		ppgtt->vm.clear_range = gen8_ppgtt_clear_3lvl;
	}

	if (intel_vgpu_active(i915))
		gen8_ppgtt_notify_vgt(ppgtt, true);

	ppgtt->vm.cleanup = gen8_ppgtt_cleanup;
	ppgtt->debug_dump = gen8_dump_ppgtt;

	ppgtt->vm.vma_ops.bind_vma    = ppgtt_bind_vma;
	ppgtt->vm.vma_ops.unbind_vma  = ppgtt_unbind_vma;
	ppgtt->vm.vma_ops.set_pages   = ppgtt_set_pages;
	ppgtt->vm.vma_ops.clear_pages = clear_pages;

	return ppgtt;

err_scratch:
	gen8_free_scratch(&ppgtt->vm);
err_free:
	kfree(ppgtt);
	return ERR_PTR(err);
}

static void gen6_dump_ppgtt(struct i915_hw_ppgtt *base, struct seq_file *m)
{
	struct gen6_hw_ppgtt *ppgtt = to_gen6_ppgtt(base);
	const gen6_pte_t scratch_pte = ppgtt->scratch_pte;
	struct i915_page_table *pt;
	u32 pte, pde;

	gen6_for_all_pdes(pt, &base->pd, pde) {
		gen6_pte_t *vaddr;

		if (pt == base->vm.scratch_pt)
			continue;

		if (i915_vma_is_bound(ppgtt->vma, I915_VMA_GLOBAL_BIND)) {
			u32 expected =
				GEN6_PDE_ADDR_ENCODE(px_dma(pt)) |
				GEN6_PDE_VALID;
			u32 pd_entry = readl(ppgtt->pd_addr + pde);

			if (pd_entry != expected)
				seq_printf(m,
					   "\tPDE #%d mismatch: Actual PDE: %x Expected PDE: %x\n",
					   pde,
					   pd_entry,
					   expected);

			seq_printf(m, "\tPDE: %x\n", pd_entry);
		}

		vaddr = kmap_atomic_px(base->pd.page_table[pde]);
		for (pte = 0; pte < GEN6_PTES; pte += 4) {
			int i;

			for (i = 0; i < 4; i++)
				if (vaddr[pte + i] != scratch_pte)
					break;
			if (i == 4)
				continue;

			seq_printf(m, "\t\t(%03d, %04d) %08lx: ",
				   pde, pte,
				   (pde * GEN6_PTES + pte) * PAGE_SIZE);
			for (i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
				if (vaddr[pte + i] != scratch_pte)
					seq_printf(m, " %08x", vaddr[pte + i]);
				else
					seq_puts(m, "  SCRATCH");
			}
			seq_puts(m, "\n");
		}
		kunmap_atomic(vaddr);
	}
}

/* Write pde (index) from the page directory @pd to the page table @pt */
static inline void gen6_write_pde(const struct gen6_hw_ppgtt *ppgtt,
				  const unsigned int pde,
				  const struct i915_page_table *pt)
{
	/* Caller needs to make sure the write completes if necessary */
	iowrite32(GEN6_PDE_ADDR_ENCODE(px_dma(pt)) | GEN6_PDE_VALID,
		  ppgtt->pd_addr + pde);
}

static void gen8_ppgtt_enable(struct drm_i915_private *dev_priv)
{
	struct intel_engine_cs *engine;
	enum intel_engine_id id;

	for_each_engine(engine, dev_priv, id) {
		u32 four_level = USES_FULL_48BIT_PPGTT(dev_priv) ?
				 GEN8_GFX_PPGTT_48B : 0;
		I915_WRITE(RING_MODE_GEN7(engine),
			   _MASKED_BIT_ENABLE(GFX_PPGTT_ENABLE | four_level));
	}
}

static void gen7_ppgtt_enable(struct drm_i915_private *dev_priv)
{
	struct intel_engine_cs *engine;
	u32 ecochk, ecobits;
	enum intel_engine_id id;

	ecobits = I915_READ(GAC_ECO_BITS);
	I915_WRITE(GAC_ECO_BITS, ecobits | ECOBITS_PPGTT_CACHE64B);

	ecochk = I915_READ(GAM_ECOCHK);
	if (IS_HASWELL(dev_priv)) {
		ecochk |= ECOCHK_PPGTT_WB_HSW;
	} else {
		ecochk |= ECOCHK_PPGTT_LLC_IVB;
		ecochk &= ~ECOCHK_PPGTT_GFDT_IVB;
	}
	I915_WRITE(GAM_ECOCHK, ecochk);

	for_each_engine(engine, dev_priv, id) {
		/* GFX_MODE is per-ring on gen7+ */
		I915_WRITE(RING_MODE_GEN7(engine),
			   _MASKED_BIT_ENABLE(GFX_PPGTT_ENABLE));
	}
}

static void gen6_ppgtt_enable(struct drm_i915_private *dev_priv)
{
	u32 ecochk, gab_ctl, ecobits;

	ecobits = I915_READ(GAC_ECO_BITS);
	I915_WRITE(GAC_ECO_BITS, ecobits | ECOBITS_SNB_BIT |
		   ECOBITS_PPGTT_CACHE64B);

	gab_ctl = I915_READ(GAB_CTL);
	I915_WRITE(GAB_CTL, gab_ctl | GAB_CTL_CONT_AFTER_PAGEFAULT);

	ecochk = I915_READ(GAM_ECOCHK);
	I915_WRITE(GAM_ECOCHK, ecochk | ECOCHK_SNB_BIT | ECOCHK_PPGTT_CACHE64B);

	I915_WRITE(GFX_MODE, _MASKED_BIT_ENABLE(GFX_PPGTT_ENABLE));
}

/* PPGTT support for Sandybdrige/Gen6 and later */
static void gen6_ppgtt_clear_range(struct i915_address_space *vm,
				   u64 start, u64 length)
{
	struct gen6_hw_ppgtt *ppgtt = to_gen6_ppgtt(i915_vm_to_ppgtt(vm));
	unsigned int first_entry = start >> PAGE_SHIFT;
	unsigned int pde = first_entry / GEN6_PTES;
	unsigned int pte = first_entry % GEN6_PTES;
	unsigned int num_entries = length >> PAGE_SHIFT;
	const gen6_pte_t scratch_pte = ppgtt->scratch_pte;

	while (num_entries) {
		struct i915_page_table *pt = ppgtt->base.pd.page_table[pde++];
		const unsigned int end = min(pte + num_entries, GEN6_PTES);
		const unsigned int count = end - pte;
		gen6_pte_t *vaddr;

		GEM_BUG_ON(pt == vm->scratch_pt);

		num_entries -= count;

		GEM_BUG_ON(count > pt->used_ptes);
		pt->used_ptes -= count;
		if (!pt->used_ptes)
			ppgtt->scan_for_unused_pt = true;

		/*
		 * Note that the hw doesn't support removing PDE on the fly
		 * (they are cached inside the context with no means to
		 * invalidate the cache), so we can only reset the PTE
		 * entries back to scratch.
		 */

		vaddr = kmap_atomic_px(pt);
		do {
			vaddr[pte++] = scratch_pte;
		} while (pte < end);
		kunmap_atomic(vaddr);

		pte = 0;
	}
}

static void gen6_ppgtt_insert_entries(struct i915_address_space *vm,
				      struct i915_vma *vma,
				      enum i915_cache_level cache_level,
				      u32 flags)
{
	struct i915_hw_ppgtt *ppgtt = i915_vm_to_ppgtt(vm);
	unsigned first_entry = vma->node.start >> PAGE_SHIFT;
	unsigned act_pt = first_entry / GEN6_PTES;
	unsigned act_pte = first_entry % GEN6_PTES;
	const u32 pte_encode = vm->pte_encode(0, cache_level, flags);
	struct sgt_dma iter = sgt_dma(vma);
	gen6_pte_t *vaddr;

	GEM_BUG_ON(ppgtt->pd.page_table[act_pt] == vm->scratch_pt);

	vaddr = kmap_atomic_px(ppgtt->pd.page_table[act_pt]);
	do {
		vaddr[act_pte] = pte_encode | GEN6_PTE_ADDR_ENCODE(iter.dma);

		iter.dma += PAGE_SIZE;
		if (iter.dma == iter.max) {
			iter.sg = __sg_next(iter.sg);
			if (!iter.sg)
				break;

			iter.dma = sg_dma_address(iter.sg);
			iter.max = iter.dma + iter.sg->length;
		}

		if (++act_pte == GEN6_PTES) {
			kunmap_atomic(vaddr);
			vaddr = kmap_atomic_px(ppgtt->pd.page_table[++act_pt]);
			act_pte = 0;
		}
	} while (1);
	kunmap_atomic(vaddr);

	vma->page_sizes.gtt = I915_GTT_PAGE_SIZE;
}

static int gen6_alloc_va_range(struct i915_address_space *vm,
			       u64 start, u64 length)
{
	struct gen6_hw_ppgtt *ppgtt = to_gen6_ppgtt(i915_vm_to_ppgtt(vm));
	struct i915_page_table *pt;
	u64 from = start;
	unsigned int pde;
	bool flush = false;

	gen6_for_each_pde(pt, &ppgtt->base.pd, start, length, pde) {
		const unsigned int count = gen6_pte_count(start, length);

		if (pt == vm->scratch_pt) {
			pt = alloc_pt(vm);
			if (IS_ERR(pt))
				goto unwind_out;

			gen6_initialize_pt(ppgtt, pt);
			ppgtt->base.pd.page_table[pde] = pt;

			if (i915_vma_is_bound(ppgtt->vma,
					      I915_VMA_GLOBAL_BIND)) {
				gen6_write_pde(ppgtt, pde, pt);
				flush = true;
			}

			GEM_BUG_ON(pt->used_ptes);
		}

		pt->used_ptes += count;
	}

	if (flush) {
		mark_tlbs_dirty(&ppgtt->base);
		gen6_ggtt_invalidate(ppgtt->base.vm.i915);
	}

	return 0;

unwind_out:
	gen6_ppgtt_clear_range(vm, from, start - from);
	return -ENOMEM;
}

static int gen6_ppgtt_init_scratch(struct gen6_hw_ppgtt *ppgtt)
{
	struct i915_address_space * const vm = &ppgtt->base.vm;
	struct i915_page_table *unused;
	u32 pde;
	int ret;

	ret = setup_scratch_page(vm, __GFP_HIGHMEM);
	if (ret)
		return ret;

	ppgtt->scratch_pte =
		vm->pte_encode(vm->scratch_page.daddr,
			       I915_CACHE_NONE, PTE_READ_ONLY);

	vm->scratch_pt = alloc_pt(vm);
	if (IS_ERR(vm->scratch_pt)) {
		cleanup_scratch_page(vm);
		return PTR_ERR(vm->scratch_pt);
	}

	gen6_initialize_pt(ppgtt, vm->scratch_pt);
	gen6_for_all_pdes(unused, &ppgtt->base.pd, pde)
		ppgtt->base.pd.page_table[pde] = vm->scratch_pt;

	return 0;
}

static void gen6_ppgtt_free_scratch(struct i915_address_space *vm)
{
	free_pt(vm, vm->scratch_pt);
	cleanup_scratch_page(vm);
}

static void gen6_ppgtt_free_pd(struct gen6_hw_ppgtt *ppgtt)
{
	struct i915_page_table *pt;
	u32 pde;

	gen6_for_all_pdes(pt, &ppgtt->base.pd, pde)
		if (pt != ppgtt->base.vm.scratch_pt)
			free_pt(&ppgtt->base.vm, pt);
}

static void gen6_ppgtt_cleanup(struct i915_address_space *vm)
{
	struct gen6_hw_ppgtt *ppgtt = to_gen6_ppgtt(i915_vm_to_ppgtt(vm));

	i915_vma_destroy(ppgtt->vma);

	gen6_ppgtt_free_pd(ppgtt);
	gen6_ppgtt_free_scratch(vm);
}

static int pd_vma_set_pages(struct i915_vma *vma)
{
	vma->pages = ERR_PTR(-ENODEV);
	return 0;
}

static void pd_vma_clear_pages(struct i915_vma *vma)
{
	GEM_BUG_ON(!vma->pages);

	vma->pages = NULL;
}

static int pd_vma_bind(struct i915_vma *vma,
		       enum i915_cache_level cache_level,
		       u32 unused)
{
	struct i915_ggtt *ggtt = i915_vm_to_ggtt(vma->vm);
	struct gen6_hw_ppgtt *ppgtt = vma->private;
	u32 ggtt_offset = i915_ggtt_offset(vma) / PAGE_SIZE;
	struct i915_page_table *pt;
	unsigned int pde;

	ppgtt->base.pd.base.ggtt_offset = ggtt_offset * sizeof(gen6_pte_t);
	ppgtt->pd_addr = (gen6_pte_t __iomem *)ggtt->gsm + ggtt_offset;

	gen6_for_all_pdes(pt, &ppgtt->base.pd, pde)
		gen6_write_pde(ppgtt, pde, pt);

	mark_tlbs_dirty(&ppgtt->base);
	gen6_ggtt_invalidate(ppgtt->base.vm.i915);

	return 0;
}

static void pd_vma_unbind(struct i915_vma *vma)
{
	struct gen6_hw_ppgtt *ppgtt = vma->private;
	struct i915_page_table * const scratch_pt = ppgtt->base.vm.scratch_pt;
	struct i915_page_table *pt;
	unsigned int pde;

	if (!ppgtt->scan_for_unused_pt)
		return;

	/* Free all no longer used page tables */
	gen6_for_all_pdes(pt, &ppgtt->base.pd, pde) {
		if (pt->used_ptes || pt == scratch_pt)
			continue;

		free_pt(&ppgtt->base.vm, pt);
		ppgtt->base.pd.page_table[pde] = scratch_pt;
	}

	ppgtt->scan_for_unused_pt = false;
}

static const struct i915_vma_ops pd_vma_ops = {
	.set_pages = pd_vma_set_pages,
	.clear_pages = pd_vma_clear_pages,
	.bind_vma = pd_vma_bind,
	.unbind_vma = pd_vma_unbind,
};

static struct i915_vma *pd_vma_create(struct gen6_hw_ppgtt *ppgtt, int size)
{
	struct drm_i915_private *i915 = ppgtt->base.vm.i915;
	struct i915_ggtt *ggtt = &i915->ggtt;
	struct i915_vma *vma;
	int i;

	GEM_BUG_ON(!IS_ALIGNED(size, I915_GTT_PAGE_SIZE));
	GEM_BUG_ON(size > ggtt->vm.total);

	vma = kmem_cache_zalloc(i915->vmas, GFP_KERNEL);
	if (!vma)
		return ERR_PTR(-ENOMEM);

	for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(vma->last_read); i++)
		init_request_active(&vma->last_read[i], NULL);
	init_request_active(&vma->last_fence, NULL);

	vma->vm = &ggtt->vm;
	vma->ops = &pd_vma_ops;
	vma->private = ppgtt;

	vma->size = size;
	vma->fence_size = size;
	vma->flags = I915_VMA_GGTT;
	vma->ggtt_view.type = I915_GGTT_VIEW_ROTATED; /* prevent fencing */

	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&vma->obj_link);
	list_add(&vma->vm_link, &vma->vm->unbound_list);

	return vma;
}

int gen6_ppgtt_pin(struct i915_hw_ppgtt *base)
{
	struct gen6_hw_ppgtt *ppgtt = to_gen6_ppgtt(base);

	/*
	 * Workaround the limited maximum vma->pin_count and the aliasing_ppgtt
	 * which will be pinned into every active context.
	 * (When vma->pin_count becomes atomic, I expect we will naturally
	 * need a larger, unpacked, type and kill this redundancy.)
	 */
	if (ppgtt->pin_count++)
		return 0;

	/*
	 * PPGTT PDEs reside in the GGTT and consists of 512 entries. The
	 * allocator works in address space sizes, so it's multiplied by page
	 * size. We allocate at the top of the GTT to avoid fragmentation.
	 */
	return i915_vma_pin(ppgtt->vma,
			    0, GEN6_PD_ALIGN,
			    PIN_GLOBAL | PIN_HIGH);
}

void gen6_ppgtt_unpin(struct i915_hw_ppgtt *base)
{
	struct gen6_hw_ppgtt *ppgtt = to_gen6_ppgtt(base);

	GEM_BUG_ON(!ppgtt->pin_count);
	if (--ppgtt->pin_count)
		return;

	i915_vma_unpin(ppgtt->vma);
}

static struct i915_hw_ppgtt *gen6_ppgtt_create(struct drm_i915_private *i915)
{
	struct i915_ggtt * const ggtt = &i915->ggtt;
	struct gen6_hw_ppgtt *ppgtt;
	int err;

	ppgtt = kzalloc(sizeof(*ppgtt), GFP_KERNEL);
	if (!ppgtt)
		return ERR_PTR(-ENOMEM);

	kref_init(&ppgtt->base.ref);

	ppgtt->base.vm.i915 = i915;
	ppgtt->base.vm.dma = &i915->drm.pdev->dev;

	ppgtt->base.vm.total = I915_PDES * GEN6_PTES * PAGE_SIZE;

	i915_address_space_init(&ppgtt->base.vm, i915);

	ppgtt->base.vm.allocate_va_range = gen6_alloc_va_range;
	ppgtt->base.vm.clear_range = gen6_ppgtt_clear_range;
	ppgtt->base.vm.insert_entries = gen6_ppgtt_insert_entries;
	ppgtt->base.vm.cleanup = gen6_ppgtt_cleanup;
	ppgtt->base.debug_dump = gen6_dump_ppgtt;

	ppgtt->base.vm.vma_ops.bind_vma    = ppgtt_bind_vma;
	ppgtt->base.vm.vma_ops.unbind_vma  = ppgtt_unbind_vma;
	ppgtt->base.vm.vma_ops.set_pages   = ppgtt_set_pages;
	ppgtt->base.vm.vma_ops.clear_pages = clear_pages;

	ppgtt->base.vm.pte_encode = ggtt->vm.pte_encode;

	err = gen6_ppgtt_init_scratch(ppgtt);
	if (err)
		goto err_free;

	ppgtt->vma = pd_vma_create(ppgtt, GEN6_PD_SIZE);
	if (IS_ERR(ppgtt->vma)) {
		err = PTR_ERR(ppgtt->vma);
		goto err_scratch;
	}

	return &ppgtt->base;

err_scratch:
	gen6_ppgtt_free_scratch(&ppgtt->base.vm);
err_free:
	kfree(ppgtt);
	return ERR_PTR(err);
}

static void gtt_write_workarounds(struct drm_i915_private *dev_priv)
{
	/* This function is for gtt related workarounds. This function is
	 * called on driver load and after a GPU reset, so you can place
	 * workarounds here even if they get overwritten by GPU reset.
	 */
	/* WaIncreaseDefaultTLBEntries:chv,bdw,skl,bxt,kbl,glk,cfl,cnl,icl */
	if (IS_BROADWELL(dev_priv))
		I915_WRITE(GEN8_L3_LRA_1_GPGPU, GEN8_L3_LRA_1_GPGPU_DEFAULT_VALUE_BDW);
	else if (IS_CHERRYVIEW(dev_priv))
		I915_WRITE(GEN8_L3_LRA_1_GPGPU, GEN8_L3_LRA_1_GPGPU_DEFAULT_VALUE_CHV);
	else if (IS_GEN9_LP(dev_priv))
		I915_WRITE(GEN8_L3_LRA_1_GPGPU, GEN9_L3_LRA_1_GPGPU_DEFAULT_VALUE_BXT);
	else if (INTEL_GEN(dev_priv) >= 9)
		I915_WRITE(GEN8_L3_LRA_1_GPGPU, GEN9_L3_LRA_1_GPGPU_DEFAULT_VALUE_SKL);

	/*
	 * To support 64K PTEs we need to first enable the use of the
	 * Intermediate-Page-Size(IPS) bit of the PDE field via some magical
	 * mmio, otherwise the page-walker will simply ignore the IPS bit. This
	 * shouldn't be needed after GEN10.
	 *
	 * 64K pages were first introduced from BDW+, although technically they
	 * only *work* from gen9+. For pre-BDW we instead have the option for
	 * 32K pages, but we don't currently have any support for it in our
	 * driver.
	 */
	if (HAS_PAGE_SIZES(dev_priv, I915_GTT_PAGE_SIZE_64K) &&
	    INTEL_GEN(dev_priv) <= 10)
		I915_WRITE(GEN8_GAMW_ECO_DEV_RW_IA,
			   I915_READ(GEN8_GAMW_ECO_DEV_RW_IA) |
			   GAMW_ECO_ENABLE_64K_IPS_FIELD);
}

int i915_ppgtt_init_hw(struct drm_i915_private *dev_priv)
{
	gtt_write_workarounds(dev_priv);

	/* In the case of execlists, PPGTT is enabled by the context descriptor
	 * and the PDPs are contained within the context itself.  We don't
	 * need to do anything here. */
	if (HAS_LOGICAL_RING_CONTEXTS(dev_priv))
		return 0;

	if (!USES_PPGTT(dev_priv))
		return 0;

	if (IS_GEN6(dev_priv))
		gen6_ppgtt_enable(dev_priv);
	else if (IS_GEN7(dev_priv))
		gen7_ppgtt_enable(dev_priv);
	else if (INTEL_GEN(dev_priv) >= 8)
		gen8_ppgtt_enable(dev_priv);
	else
		MISSING_CASE(INTEL_GEN(dev_priv));

	return 0;
}

static struct i915_hw_ppgtt *
__hw_ppgtt_create(struct drm_i915_private *i915)
{
	if (INTEL_GEN(i915) < 8)
		return gen6_ppgtt_create(i915);
	else
		return gen8_ppgtt_create(i915);
}

struct i915_hw_ppgtt *
i915_ppgtt_create(struct drm_i915_private *i915,
		  struct drm_i915_file_private *fpriv)
{
	struct i915_hw_ppgtt *ppgtt;

	ppgtt = __hw_ppgtt_create(i915);
	if (IS_ERR(ppgtt))
		return ppgtt;

	ppgtt->vm.file = fpriv;

	trace_i915_ppgtt_create(&ppgtt->vm);

	return ppgtt;
}

void i915_ppgtt_close(struct i915_address_space *vm)
{
	GEM_BUG_ON(vm->closed);
	vm->closed = true;
}

static void ppgtt_destroy_vma(struct i915_address_space *vm)
{
	struct list_head *phases[] = {
		&vm->active_list,
		&vm->inactive_list,
		&vm->unbound_list,
		NULL,
	}, **phase;

	vm->closed = true;
	for (phase = phases; *phase; phase++) {
		struct i915_vma *vma, *vn;

		list_for_each_entry_safe(vma, vn, *phase, vm_link)
			i915_vma_destroy(vma);
	}
}

void i915_ppgtt_release(struct kref *kref)
{
	struct i915_hw_ppgtt *ppgtt =
		container_of(kref, struct i915_hw_ppgtt, ref);

	trace_i915_ppgtt_release(&ppgtt->vm);

	ppgtt_destroy_vma(&ppgtt->vm);

	GEM_BUG_ON(!list_empty(&ppgtt->vm.active_list));
	GEM_BUG_ON(!list_empty(&ppgtt->vm.inactive_list));
	GEM_BUG_ON(!list_empty(&ppgtt->vm.unbound_list));

	ppgtt->vm.cleanup(&ppgtt->vm);
	i915_address_space_fini(&ppgtt->vm);
	kfree(ppgtt);
}

/* Certain Gen5 chipsets require require idling the GPU before
 * unmapping anything from the GTT when VT-d is enabled.
 */
static bool needs_idle_maps(struct drm_i915_private *dev_priv)
{
	/* Query intel_iommu to see if we need the workaround. Presumably that
	 * was loaded first.
	 */
	return IS_GEN5(dev_priv) && IS_MOBILE(dev_priv) && intel_vtd_active();
}

static void gen6_check_and_clear_faults(struct drm_i915_private *dev_priv)
{
	struct intel_engine_cs *engine;
	enum intel_engine_id id;
	u32 fault;

	for_each_engine(engine, dev_priv, id) {
		fault = I915_READ(RING_FAULT_REG(engine));
		if (fault & RING_FAULT_VALID) {
			DRM_DEBUG_DRIVER("Unexpected fault\n"
					 "\tAddr: 0x%08lx\n"
					 "\tAddress space: %s\n"
					 "\tSource ID: %d\n"
					 "\tType: %d\n",
					 fault & PAGE_MASK,
					 fault & RING_FAULT_GTTSEL_MASK ? "GGTT" : "PPGTT",
					 RING_FAULT_SRCID(fault),
					 RING_FAULT_FAULT_TYPE(fault));
			I915_WRITE(RING_FAULT_REG(engine),
				   fault & ~RING_FAULT_VALID);
		}
	}

	POSTING_READ(RING_FAULT_REG(dev_priv->engine[RCS]));
}

static void gen8_check_and_clear_faults(struct drm_i915_private *dev_priv)
{
	u32 fault = I915_READ(GEN8_RING_FAULT_REG);

	if (fault & RING_FAULT_VALID) {
		u32 fault_data0, fault_data1;
		u64 fault_addr;

		fault_data0 = I915_READ(GEN8_FAULT_TLB_DATA0);
		fault_data1 = I915_READ(GEN8_FAULT_TLB_DATA1);
		fault_addr = ((u64)(fault_data1 & FAULT_VA_HIGH_BITS) << 44) |
			     ((u64)fault_data0 << 12);

		DRM_DEBUG_DRIVER("Unexpected fault\n"
				 "\tAddr: 0x%08x_%08x\n"
				 "\tAddress space: %s\n"
				 "\tEngine ID: %d\n"
				 "\tSource ID: %d\n"
				 "\tType: %d\n",
				 upper_32_bits(fault_addr),
				 lower_32_bits(fault_addr),
				 fault_data1 & FAULT_GTT_SEL ? "GGTT" : "PPGTT",
				 GEN8_RING_FAULT_ENGINE_ID(fault),
				 RING_FAULT_SRCID(fault),
				 RING_FAULT_FAULT_TYPE(fault));
		I915_WRITE(GEN8_RING_FAULT_REG,
			   fault & ~RING_FAULT_VALID);
	}

	POSTING_READ(GEN8_RING_FAULT_REG);
}

void i915_check_and_clear_faults(struct drm_i915_private *dev_priv)
{
	/* From GEN8 onwards we only have one 'All Engine Fault Register' */
	if (INTEL_GEN(dev_priv) >= 8)
		gen8_check_and_clear_faults(dev_priv);
	else if (INTEL_GEN(dev_priv) >= 6)
		gen6_check_and_clear_faults(dev_priv);
	else
		return;
}

void i915_gem_suspend_gtt_mappings(struct drm_i915_private *dev_priv)
{
	struct i915_ggtt *ggtt = &dev_priv->ggtt;

	/* Don't bother messing with faults pre GEN6 as we have little
	 * documentation supporting that it's a good idea.
	 */
	if (INTEL_GEN(dev_priv) < 6)
		return;

	i915_check_and_clear_faults(dev_priv);

	ggtt->vm.clear_range(&ggtt->vm, 0, ggtt->vm.total);

	i915_ggtt_invalidate(dev_priv);
}

int i915_gem_gtt_prepare_pages(struct drm_i915_gem_object *obj,
			       struct sg_table *pages)
{
	do {
		if (dma_map_sg_attrs(&obj->base.dev->pdev->dev,
				     pages->sgl, pages->nents,
				     PCI_DMA_BIDIRECTIONAL,
				     DMA_ATTR_NO_WARN))
			return 0;

		/* If the DMA remap fails, one cause can be that we have
		 * too many objects pinned in a small remapping table,
		 * such as swiotlb. Incrementally purge all other objects and
		 * try again - if there are no more pages to remove from
		 * the DMA remapper, i915_gem_shrink will return 0.
		 */
		GEM_BUG_ON(obj->mm.pages == pages);
	} while (i915_gem_shrink(to_i915(obj->base.dev),
				 obj->base.size >> PAGE_SHIFT, NULL,
				 I915_SHRINK_BOUND |
				 I915_SHRINK_UNBOUND |
				 I915_SHRINK_ACTIVE));

	return -ENOSPC;
}

static void gen8_set_pte(void __iomem *addr, gen8_pte_t pte)
{
	writeq(pte, addr);
}

static void gen8_ggtt_insert_page(struct i915_address_space *vm,
				  dma_addr_t addr,
				  u64 offset,
				  enum i915_cache_level level,
				  u32 unused)
{
	struct i915_ggtt *ggtt = i915_vm_to_ggtt(vm);
	gen8_pte_t __iomem *pte =
		(gen8_pte_t __iomem *)ggtt->gsm + (offset >> PAGE_SHIFT);

	gen8_set_pte(pte, gen8_pte_encode(addr, level));

	ggtt->invalidate(vm->i915);
}

static void gen8_ggtt_insert_entries(struct i915_address_space *vm,
				     struct i915_vma *vma,
				     enum i915_cache_level level,
				     u32 unused)
{
	struct i915_ggtt *ggtt = i915_vm_to_ggtt(vm);
	struct sgt_iter sgt_iter;
	gen8_pte_t __iomem *gtt_entries;
	const gen8_pte_t pte_encode = gen8_pte_encode(0, level);
	dma_addr_t addr;

	gtt_entries = (gen8_pte_t __iomem *)ggtt->gsm;
	gtt_entries += vma->node.start >> PAGE_SHIFT;
	for_each_sgt_dma(addr, sgt_iter, vma->pages)
		gen8_set_pte(gtt_entries++, pte_encode | addr);

	/*
	 * We want to flush the TLBs only after we're certain all the PTE
	 * updates have finished.
	 */
	ggtt->invalidate(vm->i915);
}

static void gen6_ggtt_insert_page(struct i915_address_space *vm,
				  dma_addr_t addr,
				  u64 offset,
				  enum i915_cache_level level,
				  u32 flags)
{
	struct i915_ggtt *ggtt = i915_vm_to_ggtt(vm);
	gen6_pte_t __iomem *pte =
		(gen6_pte_t __iomem *)ggtt->gsm + (offset >> PAGE_SHIFT);

	iowrite32(vm->pte_encode(addr, level, flags), pte);

	ggtt->invalidate(vm->i915);
}

/*
 * Binds an object into the global gtt with the specified cache level. The object
 * will be accessible to the GPU via commands whose operands reference offsets
 * within the global GTT as well as accessible by the GPU through the GMADR
 * mapped BAR (dev_priv->mm.gtt->gtt).
 */
static void gen6_ggtt_insert_entries(struct i915_address_space *vm,
				     struct i915_vma *vma,
				     enum i915_cache_level level,
				     u32 flags)
{
	struct i915_ggtt *ggtt = i915_vm_to_ggtt(vm);
	gen6_pte_t __iomem *entries = (gen6_pte_t __iomem *)ggtt->gsm;
	unsigned int i = vma->node.start >> PAGE_SHIFT;
	struct sgt_iter iter;
	dma_addr_t addr;
	for_each_sgt_dma(addr, iter, vma->pages)
		iowrite32(vm->pte_encode(addr, level, flags), &entries[i++]);

	/*
	 * We want to flush the TLBs only after we're certain all the PTE
	 * updates have finished.
	 */
	ggtt->invalidate(vm->i915);
}

static void nop_clear_range(struct i915_address_space *vm,
			    u64 start, u64 length)
{
}

static void gen8_ggtt_clear_range(struct i915_address_space *vm,
				  u64 start, u64 length)
{
	struct i915_ggtt *ggtt = i915_vm_to_ggtt(vm);
	unsigned first_entry = start >> PAGE_SHIFT;
	unsigned num_entries = length >> PAGE_SHIFT;
	const gen8_pte_t scratch_pte =
		gen8_pte_encode(vm->scratch_page.daddr, I915_CACHE_LLC);
	gen8_pte_t __iomem *gtt_base =
		(gen8_pte_t __iomem *)ggtt->gsm + first_entry;
	const int max_entries = ggtt_total_entries(ggtt) - first_entry;
	int i;

	if (WARN(num_entries > max_entries,
		 "First entry = %d; Num entries = %d (max=%d)\n",
		 first_entry, num_entries, max_entries))
		num_entries = max_entries;

	for (i = 0; i < num_entries; i++)
		gen8_set_pte(&gtt_base[i], scratch_pte);
}

static void bxt_vtd_ggtt_wa(struct i915_address_space *vm)
{
	struct drm_i915_private *dev_priv = vm->i915;

	/*
	 * Make sure the internal GAM fifo has been cleared of all GTT
	 * writes before exiting stop_machine(). This guarantees that
	 * any aperture accesses waiting to start in another process
	 * cannot back up behind the GTT writes causing a hang.
	 * The register can be any arbitrary GAM register.
	 */
	POSTING_READ(GFX_FLSH_CNTL_GEN6);
}

struct insert_page {
	struct i915_address_space *vm;
	dma_addr_t addr;
	u64 offset;
	enum i915_cache_level level;
};

static int bxt_vtd_ggtt_insert_page__cb(void *_arg)
{
	struct insert_page *arg = _arg;

	gen8_ggtt_insert_page(arg->vm, arg->addr, arg->offset, arg->level, 0);
	bxt_vtd_ggtt_wa(arg->vm);

	return 0;
}

static void bxt_vtd_ggtt_insert_page__BKL(struct i915_address_space *vm,
					  dma_addr_t addr,
					  u64 offset,
					  enum i915_cache_level level,
					  u32 unused)
{
	struct insert_page arg = { vm, addr, offset, level };

	stop_machine(bxt_vtd_ggtt_insert_page__cb, &arg, NULL);
}

struct insert_entries {
	struct i915_address_space *vm;
	struct i915_vma *vma;
	enum i915_cache_level level;
};

static int bxt_vtd_ggtt_insert_entries__cb(void *_arg)
{
	struct insert_entries *arg = _arg;

	gen8_ggtt_insert_entries(arg->vm, arg->vma, arg->level, 0);
	bxt_vtd_ggtt_wa(arg->vm);

	return 0;
}

static void bxt_vtd_ggtt_insert_entries__BKL(struct i915_address_space *vm,
					     struct i915_vma *vma,
					     enum i915_cache_level level,
					     u32 unused)
{
	struct insert_entries arg = { vm, vma, level };

	stop_machine(bxt_vtd_ggtt_insert_entries__cb, &arg, NULL);
}

struct clear_range {
	struct i915_address_space *vm;
	u64 start;
	u64 length;
};

static int bxt_vtd_ggtt_clear_range__cb(void *_arg)
{
	struct clear_range *arg = _arg;

	gen8_ggtt_clear_range(arg->vm, arg->start, arg->length);
	bxt_vtd_ggtt_wa(arg->vm);

	return 0;
}

static void bxt_vtd_ggtt_clear_range__BKL(struct i915_address_space *vm,
					  u64 start,
					  u64 length)
{
	struct clear_range arg = { vm, start, length };

	stop_machine(bxt_vtd_ggtt_clear_range__cb, &arg, NULL);
}

static void gen6_ggtt_clear_range(struct i915_address_space *vm,
				  u64 start, u64 length)
{
	struct i915_ggtt *ggtt = i915_vm_to_ggtt(vm);
	unsigned first_entry = start >> PAGE_SHIFT;
	unsigned num_entries = length >> PAGE_SHIFT;
	gen6_pte_t scratch_pte, __iomem *gtt_base =
		(gen6_pte_t __iomem *)ggtt->gsm + first_entry;
	const int max_entries = ggtt_total_entries(ggtt) - first_entry;
	int i;

	if (WARN(num_entries > max_entries,
		 "First entry = %d; Num entries = %d (max=%d)\n",
		 first_entry, num_entries, max_entries))
		num_entries = max_entries;

	scratch_pte = vm->pte_encode(vm->scratch_page.daddr,
				     I915_CACHE_LLC, 0);

	for (i = 0; i < num_entries; i++)
		iowrite32(scratch_pte, &gtt_base[i]);
}

static void i915_ggtt_insert_page(struct i915_address_space *vm,
				  dma_addr_t addr,
				  u64 offset,
				  enum i915_cache_level cache_level,
				  u32 unused)
{
	unsigned int flags = (cache_level == I915_CACHE_NONE) ?
		AGP_USER_MEMORY : AGP_USER_CACHED_MEMORY;

	intel_gtt_insert_page(addr, offset >> PAGE_SHIFT, flags);
}

static void i915_ggtt_insert_entries(struct i915_address_space *vm,
				     struct i915_vma *vma,
				     enum i915_cache_level cache_level,
				     u32 unused)
{
	unsigned int flags = (cache_level == I915_CACHE_NONE) ?
		AGP_USER_MEMORY : AGP_USER_CACHED_MEMORY;

	intel_gtt_insert_sg_entries(vma->pages, vma->node.start >> PAGE_SHIFT,
				    flags);
}

static void i915_ggtt_clear_range(struct i915_address_space *vm,
				  u64 start, u64 length)
{
	intel_gtt_clear_range(start >> PAGE_SHIFT, length >> PAGE_SHIFT);
}

static int ggtt_bind_vma(struct i915_vma *vma,
			 enum i915_cache_level cache_level,
			 u32 flags)
{
	struct drm_i915_private *i915 = vma->vm->i915;
	struct drm_i915_gem_object *obj = vma->obj;
	u32 pte_flags;

	/* Currently applicable only to VLV */
	pte_flags = 0;
	if (obj->gt_ro)
		pte_flags |= PTE_READ_ONLY;

	intel_runtime_pm_get(i915);
	vma->vm->insert_entries(vma->vm, vma, cache_level, pte_flags);
	intel_runtime_pm_put(i915);

	vma->page_sizes.gtt = I915_GTT_PAGE_SIZE;

	/*
	 * Without aliasing PPGTT there's no difference between
	 * GLOBAL/LOCAL_BIND, it's all the same ptes. Hence unconditionally
	 * upgrade to both bound if we bind either to avoid double-binding.
	 */
	vma->flags |= I915_VMA_GLOBAL_BIND | I915_VMA_LOCAL_BIND;

	return 0;
}

static void ggtt_unbind_vma(struct i915_vma *vma)
{
	struct drm_i915_private *i915 = vma->vm->i915;

	intel_runtime_pm_get(i915);
	vma->vm->clear_range(vma->vm, vma->node.start, vma->size);
	intel_runtime_pm_put(i915);
}

static int aliasing_gtt_bind_vma(struct i915_vma *vma,
				 enum i915_cache_level cache_level,
				 u32 flags)
{
	struct drm_i915_private *i915 = vma->vm->i915;
	u32 pte_flags;
	int ret;

	/* Currently applicable only to VLV */
	pte_flags = 0;
	if (vma->obj->gt_ro)
		pte_flags |= PTE_READ_ONLY;

	if (flags & I915_VMA_LOCAL_BIND) {
		struct i915_hw_ppgtt *appgtt = i915->mm.aliasing_ppgtt;

		if (!(vma->flags & I915_VMA_LOCAL_BIND)) {
			ret = appgtt->vm.allocate_va_range(&appgtt->vm,
							   vma->node.start,
							   vma->size);
			if (ret)
				return ret;
		}

		appgtt->vm.insert_entries(&appgtt->vm, vma, cache_level,
					  pte_flags);
	}

	if (flags & I915_VMA_GLOBAL_BIND) {
		intel_runtime_pm_get(i915);
		vma->vm->insert_entries(vma->vm, vma, cache_level, pte_flags);
		intel_runtime_pm_put(i915);
	}

	return 0;
}

static void aliasing_gtt_unbind_vma(struct i915_vma *vma)
{
	struct drm_i915_private *i915 = vma->vm->i915;

	if (vma->flags & I915_VMA_GLOBAL_BIND) {
		intel_runtime_pm_get(i915);
		vma->vm->clear_range(vma->vm, vma->node.start, vma->size);
		intel_runtime_pm_put(i915);
	}

	if (vma->flags & I915_VMA_LOCAL_BIND) {
		struct i915_address_space *vm = &i915->mm.aliasing_ppgtt->vm;

		vm->clear_range(vm, vma->node.start, vma->size);
	}
}

void i915_gem_gtt_finish_pages(struct drm_i915_gem_object *obj,
			       struct sg_table *pages)
{
	struct drm_i915_private *dev_priv = to_i915(obj->base.dev);
	struct device *kdev = &dev_priv->drm.pdev->dev;
	struct i915_ggtt *ggtt = &dev_priv->ggtt;

	if (unlikely(ggtt->do_idle_maps)) {
		if (i915_gem_wait_for_idle(dev_priv, 0)) {
			DRM_ERROR("Failed to wait for idle; VT'd may hang.\n");
			/* Wait a bit, in hopes it avoids the hang */
			udelay(10);
		}
	}

	dma_unmap_sg(kdev, pages->sgl, pages->nents, PCI_DMA_BIDIRECTIONAL);
}

static int ggtt_set_pages(struct i915_vma *vma)
{
	int ret;

	GEM_BUG_ON(vma->pages);

	ret = i915_get_ggtt_vma_pages(vma);
	if (ret)
		return ret;

	vma->page_sizes = vma->obj->mm.page_sizes;

	return 0;
}

static void i915_gtt_color_adjust(const struct drm_mm_node *node,
				  unsigned long color,
				  u64 *start,
				  u64 *end)
{
	if (node->allocated && node->color != color)
		*start += I915_GTT_PAGE_SIZE;

	/* Also leave a space between the unallocated reserved node after the
	 * GTT and any objects within the GTT, i.e. we use the color adjustment
	 * to insert a guard page to prevent prefetches crossing over the
	 * GTT boundary.
	 */
	node = list_next_entry(node, node_list);
	if (node->color != color)
		*end -= I915_GTT_PAGE_SIZE;
}

int i915_gem_init_aliasing_ppgtt(struct drm_i915_private *i915)
{
	struct i915_ggtt *ggtt = &i915->ggtt;
	struct i915_hw_ppgtt *ppgtt;
	int err;

	ppgtt = i915_ppgtt_create(i915, ERR_PTR(-EPERM));
	if (IS_ERR(ppgtt))
		return PTR_ERR(ppgtt);

	if (GEM_WARN_ON(ppgtt->vm.total < ggtt->vm.total)) {
		err = -ENODEV;
		goto err_ppgtt;
	}

	/*
	 * Note we only pre-allocate as far as the end of the global
	 * GTT. On 48b / 4-level page-tables, the difference is very,
	 * very significant! We have to preallocate as GVT/vgpu does
	 * not like the page directory disappearing.
	 */
	err = ppgtt->vm.allocate_va_range(&ppgtt->vm, 0, ggtt->vm.total);
	if (err)
		goto err_ppgtt;

	i915->mm.aliasing_ppgtt = ppgtt;

	GEM_BUG_ON(ggtt->vm.vma_ops.bind_vma != ggtt_bind_vma);
	ggtt->vm.vma_ops.bind_vma = aliasing_gtt_bind_vma;

	GEM_BUG_ON(ggtt->vm.vma_ops.unbind_vma != ggtt_unbind_vma);
	ggtt->vm.vma_ops.unbind_vma = aliasing_gtt_unbind_vma;

	return 0;

err_ppgtt:
	i915_ppgtt_put(ppgtt);
	return err;
}

void i915_gem_fini_aliasing_ppgtt(struct drm_i915_private *i915)
{
	struct i915_ggtt *ggtt = &i915->ggtt;
	struct i915_hw_ppgtt *ppgtt;

	ppgtt = fetch_and_zero(&i915->mm.aliasing_ppgtt);
	if (!ppgtt)
		return;

	i915_ppgtt_put(ppgtt);

	ggtt->vm.vma_ops.bind_vma   = ggtt_bind_vma;
	ggtt->vm.vma_ops.unbind_vma = ggtt_unbind_vma;
}

int i915_gem_init_ggtt(struct drm_i915_private *dev_priv)
{
	/* Let GEM Manage all of the aperture.
	 *
	 * However, leave one page at the end still bound to the scratch page.
	 * There are a number of places where the hardware apparently prefetches
	 * past the end of the object, and we've seen multiple hangs with the
	 * GPU head pointer stuck in a batchbuffer bound at the last page of the
	 * aperture.  One page should be enough to keep any prefetching inside
	 * of the aperture.
	 */
	struct i915_ggtt *ggtt = &dev_priv->ggtt;
	unsigned long hole_start, hole_end;
	struct drm_mm_node *entry;
	int ret;

	ret = intel_vgt_balloon(dev_priv);
	if (ret)
		return ret;

	/* Reserve a mappable slot for our lockless error capture */
	ret = drm_mm_insert_node_in_range(&ggtt->vm.mm, &ggtt->error_capture,
					  PAGE_SIZE, 0, I915_COLOR_UNEVICTABLE,
					  0, ggtt->mappable_end,
					  DRM_MM_INSERT_LOW);
	if (ret)
		return ret;

	/* Clear any non-preallocated blocks */
	drm_mm_for_each_hole(entry, &ggtt->vm.mm, hole_start, hole_end) {
		DRM_DEBUG_KMS("clearing unused GTT space: [%lx, %lx]\n",
			      hole_start, hole_end);
		ggtt->vm.clear_range(&ggtt->vm, hole_start,
				     hole_end - hole_start);
	}

	/* And finally clear the reserved guard page */
	ggtt->vm.clear_range(&ggtt->vm, ggtt->vm.total - PAGE_SIZE, PAGE_SIZE);

	if (USES_PPGTT(dev_priv) && !USES_FULL_PPGTT(dev_priv)) {
		ret = i915_gem_init_aliasing_ppgtt(dev_priv);
		if (ret)
			goto err;
	}

	return 0;

err:
	drm_mm_remove_node(&ggtt->error_capture);
	return ret;
}

/**
 * i915_ggtt_cleanup_hw - Clean up GGTT hardware initialization
 * @dev_priv: i915 device
 */
void i915_ggtt_cleanup_hw(struct drm_i915_private *dev_priv)
{
	struct i915_ggtt *ggtt = &dev_priv->ggtt;
	struct i915_vma *vma, *vn;
	struct pagevec *pvec;

	ggtt->vm.closed = true;

	mutex_lock(&dev_priv->drm.struct_mutex);
	i915_gem_fini_aliasing_ppgtt(dev_priv);

	GEM_BUG_ON(!list_empty(&ggtt->vm.active_list));
	list_for_each_entry_safe(vma, vn, &ggtt->vm.inactive_list, vm_link)
		WARN_ON(i915_vma_unbind(vma));

	if (drm_mm_node_allocated(&ggtt->error_capture))
		drm_mm_remove_node(&ggtt->error_capture);

	if (drm_mm_initialized(&ggtt->vm.mm)) {
		intel_vgt_deballoon(dev_priv);
		i915_address_space_fini(&ggtt->vm);
	}

	ggtt->vm.cleanup(&ggtt->vm);

	pvec = &dev_priv->mm.wc_stash.pvec;
	if (pvec->nr) {
		set_pages_array_wb(pvec->pages, pvec->nr);
		__pagevec_release(pvec);
	}

	mutex_unlock(&dev_priv->drm.struct_mutex);

	arch_phys_wc_del(ggtt->mtrr);
	io_mapping_fini(&ggtt->iomap);

	i915_gem_cleanup_stolen(&dev_priv->drm);
}

static unsigned int gen6_get_total_gtt_size(u16 snb_gmch_ctl)
{
	snb_gmch_ctl >>= SNB_GMCH_GGMS_SHIFT;
	snb_gmch_ctl &= SNB_GMCH_GGMS_MASK;
	return snb_gmch_ctl << 20;
}

static unsigned int gen8_get_total_gtt_size(u16 bdw_gmch_ctl)
{
	bdw_gmch_ctl >>= BDW_GMCH_GGMS_SHIFT;
	bdw_gmch_ctl &= BDW_GMCH_GGMS_MASK;
	if (bdw_gmch_ctl)
		bdw_gmch_ctl = 1 << bdw_gmch_ctl;

#ifdef CONFIG_X86_32
	/* Limit 32b platforms to a 2GB GGTT: 4 << 20 / pte size * PAGE_SIZE */
	if (bdw_gmch_ctl > 4)
		bdw_gmch_ctl = 4;
#endif

	return bdw_gmch_ctl << 20;
}

static unsigned int chv_get_total_gtt_size(u16 gmch_ctrl)
{
	gmch_ctrl >>= SNB_GMCH_GGMS_SHIFT;
	gmch_ctrl &= SNB_GMCH_GGMS_MASK;

	if (gmch_ctrl)
		return 1 << (20 + gmch_ctrl);

	return 0;
}

static int ggtt_probe_common(struct i915_ggtt *ggtt, u64 size)
{
	struct drm_i915_private *dev_priv = ggtt->vm.i915;
	struct pci_dev *pdev = dev_priv->drm.pdev;
	phys_addr_t phys_addr;
	int ret;

	/* For Modern GENs the PTEs and register space are split in the BAR */
	phys_addr = pci_resource_start(pdev, 0) + pci_resource_len(pdev, 0) / 2;

	/*
	 * On BXT+/CNL+ writes larger than 64 bit to the GTT pagetable range
	 * will be dropped. For WC mappings in general we have 64 byte burst
	 * writes when the WC buffer is flushed, so we can't use it, but have to
	 * resort to an uncached mapping. The WC issue is easily caught by the
	 * readback check when writing GTT PTE entries.
	 */
	if (IS_GEN9_LP(dev_priv) || INTEL_GEN(dev_priv) >= 10)
		ggtt->gsm = ioremap_nocache(phys_addr, size);
	else
		ggtt->gsm = ioremap_wc(phys_addr, size);
	if (!ggtt->gsm) {
		DRM_ERROR("Failed to map the ggtt page table\n");
		return -ENOMEM;
	}

	ret = setup_scratch_page(&ggtt->vm, GFP_DMA32);
	if (ret) {
		DRM_ERROR("Scratch setup failed\n");
		/* iounmap will also get called at remove, but meh */
		iounmap(ggtt->gsm);
		return ret;
	}

	return 0;
}

static struct intel_ppat_entry *
__alloc_ppat_entry(struct intel_ppat *ppat, unsigned int index, u8 value)
{
	struct intel_ppat_entry *entry = &ppat->entries[index];

	GEM_BUG_ON(index >= ppat->max_entries);
	GEM_BUG_ON(test_bit(index, ppat->used));

	entry->ppat = ppat;
	entry->value = value;
	kref_init(&entry->ref);
	set_bit(index, ppat->used);
	set_bit(index, ppat->dirty);

	return entry;
}

static void __free_ppat_entry(struct intel_ppat_entry *entry)
{
	struct intel_ppat *ppat = entry->ppat;
	unsigned int index = entry - ppat->entries;

	GEM_BUG_ON(index >= ppat->max_entries);
	GEM_BUG_ON(!test_bit(index, ppat->used));

	entry->value = ppat->clear_value;
	clear_bit(index, ppat->used);
	set_bit(index, ppat->dirty);
}

/**
 * intel_ppat_get - get a usable PPAT entry
 * @i915: i915 device instance
 * @value: the PPAT value required by the caller
 *
 * The function tries to search if there is an existing PPAT entry which
 * matches with the required value. If perfectly matched, the existing PPAT
 * entry will be used. If only partially matched, it will try to check if
 * there is any available PPAT index. If yes, it will allocate a new PPAT
 * index for the required entry and update the HW. If not, the partially
 * matched entry will be used.
 */
const struct intel_ppat_entry *
intel_ppat_get(struct drm_i915_private *i915, u8 value)
{
	struct intel_ppat *ppat = &i915->ppat;
	struct intel_ppat_entry *entry = NULL;
	unsigned int scanned, best_score;
	int i;

	GEM_BUG_ON(!ppat->max_entries);

	scanned = best_score = 0;
	for_each_set_bit(i, ppat->used, ppat->max_entries) {
		unsigned int score;

		score = ppat->match(ppat->entries[i].value, value);
		if (score > best_score) {
			entry = &ppat->entries[i];
			if (score == INTEL_PPAT_PERFECT_MATCH) {
				kref_get(&entry->ref);
				return entry;
			}
			best_score = score;
		}
		scanned++;
	}

	if (scanned == ppat->max_entries) {
		if (!entry)
			return ERR_PTR(-ENOSPC);

		kref_get(&entry->ref);
		return entry;
	}

	i = find_first_zero_bit(ppat->used, ppat->max_entries);
	entry = __alloc_ppat_entry(ppat, i, value);
	ppat->update_hw(i915);
	return entry;
}

static void release_ppat(struct kref *kref)
{
	struct intel_ppat_entry *entry =
		container_of(kref, struct intel_ppat_entry, ref);
	struct drm_i915_private *i915 = entry->ppat->i915;

	__free_ppat_entry(entry);
	entry->ppat->update_hw(i915);
}

/**
 * intel_ppat_put - put back the PPAT entry got from intel_ppat_get()
 * @entry: an intel PPAT entry
 *
 * Put back the PPAT entry got from intel_ppat_get(). If the PPAT index of the
 * entry is dynamically allocated, its reference count will be decreased. Once
 * the reference count becomes into zero, the PPAT index becomes free again.
 */
void intel_ppat_put(const struct intel_ppat_entry *entry)
{
	struct intel_ppat *ppat = entry->ppat;
	unsigned int index = entry - ppat->entries;

	GEM_BUG_ON(!ppat->max_entries);

	kref_put(&ppat->entries[index].ref, release_ppat);
}

static void cnl_private_pat_update_hw(struct drm_i915_private *dev_priv)
{
	struct intel_ppat *ppat = &dev_priv->ppat;
	int i;

	for_each_set_bit(i, ppat->dirty, ppat->max_entries) {
		I915_WRITE(GEN10_PAT_INDEX(i), ppat->entries[i].value);
		clear_bit(i, ppat->dirty);
	}
}

static void bdw_private_pat_update_hw(struct drm_i915_private *dev_priv)
{
	struct intel_ppat *ppat = &dev_priv->ppat;
	u64 pat = 0;
	int i;

	for (i = 0; i < ppat->max_entries; i++)
		pat |= GEN8_PPAT(i, ppat->entries[i].value);

	bitmap_clear(ppat->dirty, 0, ppat->max_entries);

	I915_WRITE(GEN8_PRIVATE_PAT_LO, lower_32_bits(pat));
	I915_WRITE(GEN8_PRIVATE_PAT_HI, upper_32_bits(pat));
}

static unsigned int bdw_private_pat_match(u8 src, u8 dst)
{
	unsigned int score = 0;
	enum {
		AGE_MATCH = BIT(0),
		TC_MATCH = BIT(1),
		CA_MATCH = BIT(2),
	};

	/* Cache attribute has to be matched. */
	if (GEN8_PPAT_GET_CA(src) != GEN8_PPAT_GET_CA(dst))
		return 0;

	score |= CA_MATCH;

	if (GEN8_PPAT_GET_TC(src) == GEN8_PPAT_GET_TC(dst))
		score |= TC_MATCH;

	if (GEN8_PPAT_GET_AGE(src) == GEN8_PPAT_GET_AGE(dst))
		score |= AGE_MATCH;

	if (score == (AGE_MATCH | TC_MATCH | CA_MATCH))
		return INTEL_PPAT_PERFECT_MATCH;

	return score;
}

static unsigned int chv_private_pat_match(u8 src, u8 dst)
{
	return (CHV_PPAT_GET_SNOOP(src) == CHV_PPAT_GET_SNOOP(dst)) ?
		INTEL_PPAT_PERFECT_MATCH : 0;
}

static void cnl_setup_private_ppat(struct intel_ppat *ppat)
{
	ppat->max_entries = 8;
	ppat->update_hw = cnl_private_pat_update_hw;
	ppat->match = bdw_private_pat_match;
	ppat->clear_value = GEN8_PPAT_WB | GEN8_PPAT_LLCELLC | GEN8_PPAT_AGE(3);

	__alloc_ppat_entry(ppat, 0, GEN8_PPAT_WB | GEN8_PPAT_LLC);
	__alloc_ppat_entry(ppat, 1, GEN8_PPAT_WC | GEN8_PPAT_LLCELLC);
	__alloc_ppat_entry(ppat, 2, GEN8_PPAT_WT | GEN8_PPAT_LLCELLC);
	__alloc_ppat_entry(ppat, 3, GEN8_PPAT_UC);
	__alloc_ppat_entry(ppat, 4, GEN8_PPAT_WB | GEN8_PPAT_LLCELLC | GEN8_PPAT_AGE(0));
	__alloc_ppat_entry(ppat, 5, GEN8_PPAT_WB | GEN8_PPAT_LLCELLC | GEN8_PPAT_AGE(1));
	__alloc_ppat_entry(ppat, 6, GEN8_PPAT_WB | GEN8_PPAT_LLCELLC | GEN8_PPAT_AGE(2));
	__alloc_ppat_entry(ppat, 7, GEN8_PPAT_WB | GEN8_PPAT_LLCELLC | GEN8_PPAT_AGE(3));
}

/* The GGTT and PPGTT need a private PPAT setup in order to handle cacheability
 * bits. When using advanced contexts each context stores its own PAT, but
 * writing this data shouldn't be harmful even in those cases. */
static void bdw_setup_private_ppat(struct intel_ppat *ppat)
{
	ppat->max_entries = 8;
	ppat->update_hw = bdw_private_pat_update_hw;
	ppat->match = bdw_private_pat_match;
	ppat->clear_value = GEN8_PPAT_WB | GEN8_PPAT_LLCELLC | GEN8_PPAT_AGE(3);

	if (!USES_PPGTT(ppat->i915)) {
		/* Spec: "For GGTT, there is NO pat_sel[2:0] from the entry,
		 * so RTL will always use the value corresponding to
		 * pat_sel = 000".
		 * So let's disable cache for GGTT to avoid screen corruptions.
		 * MOCS still can be used though.
		 * - System agent ggtt writes (i.e. cpu gtt mmaps) already work
		 * before this patch, i.e. the same uncached + snooping access
		 * like on gen6/7 seems to be in effect.
		 * - So this just fixes blitter/render access. Again it looks
		 * like it's not just uncached access, but uncached + snooping.
		 * So we can still hold onto all our assumptions wrt cpu
		 * clflushing on LLC machines.
		 */
		__alloc_ppat_entry(ppat, 0, GEN8_PPAT_UC);
		return;
	}

	__alloc_ppat_entry(ppat, 0, GEN8_PPAT_WB | GEN8_PPAT_LLC);      /* for normal objects, no eLLC */
	__alloc_ppat_entry(ppat, 1, GEN8_PPAT_WC | GEN8_PPAT_LLCELLC);  /* for something pointing to ptes? */
	__alloc_ppat_entry(ppat, 2, GEN8_PPAT_WT | GEN8_PPAT_LLCELLC);  /* for scanout with eLLC */
	__alloc_ppat_entry(ppat, 3, GEN8_PPAT_UC);                      /* Uncached objects, mostly for scanout */
	__alloc_ppat_entry(ppat, 4, GEN8_PPAT_WB | GEN8_PPAT_LLCELLC | GEN8_PPAT_AGE(0));
	__alloc_ppat_entry(ppat, 5, GEN8_PPAT_WB | GEN8_PPAT_LLCELLC | GEN8_PPAT_AGE(1));
	__alloc_ppat_entry(ppat, 6, GEN8_PPAT_WB | GEN8_PPAT_LLCELLC | GEN8_PPAT_AGE(2));
	__alloc_ppat_entry(ppat, 7, GEN8_PPAT_WB | GEN8_PPAT_LLCELLC | GEN8_PPAT_AGE(3));
}

static void chv_setup_private_ppat(struct intel_ppat *ppat)
{
	ppat->max_entries = 8;
	ppat->update_hw = bdw_private_pat_update_hw;
	ppat->match = chv_private_pat_match;
	ppat->clear_value = CHV_PPAT_SNOOP;

	/*
	 * Map WB on BDW to snooped on CHV.
	 *
	 * Only the snoop bit has meaning for CHV, the rest is
	 * ignored.
	 *
	 * The hardware will never snoop for certain types of accesses:
	 * - CPU GTT (GMADR->GGTT->no snoop->memory)
	 * - PPGTT page tables
	 * - some other special cycles
	 *
	 * As with BDW, we also need to consider the following for GT accesses:
	 * "For GGTT, there is NO pat_sel[2:0] from the entry,
	 * so RTL will always use the value corresponding to
	 * pat_sel = 000".
	 * Which means we must set the snoop bit in PAT entry 0
	 * in order to keep the global status page working.
	 */

	__alloc_ppat_entry(ppat, 0, CHV_PPAT_SNOOP);
	__alloc_ppat_entry(ppat, 1, 0);
	__alloc_ppat_entry(ppat, 2, 0);
	__alloc_ppat_entry(ppat, 3, 0);
	__alloc_ppat_entry(ppat, 4, CHV_PPAT_SNOOP);
	__alloc_ppat_entry(ppat, 5, CHV_PPAT_SNOOP);
	__alloc_ppat_entry(ppat, 6, CHV_PPAT_SNOOP);
	__alloc_ppat_entry(ppat, 7, CHV_PPAT_SNOOP);
}

static void gen6_gmch_remove(struct i915_address_space *vm)
{
	struct i915_ggtt *ggtt = i915_vm_to_ggtt(vm);

	iounmap(ggtt->gsm);
	cleanup_scratch_page(vm);
}

static void setup_private_pat(struct drm_i915_private *dev_priv)
{
	struct intel_ppat *ppat = &dev_priv->ppat;
	int i;

	ppat->i915 = dev_priv;

	if (INTEL_GEN(dev_priv) >= 10)
		cnl_setup_private_ppat(ppat);
	else if (IS_CHERRYVIEW(dev_priv) || IS_GEN9_LP(dev_priv))
		chv_setup_private_ppat(ppat);
	else
		bdw_setup_private_ppat(ppat);

	GEM_BUG_ON(ppat->max_entries > INTEL_MAX_PPAT_ENTRIES);

	for_each_clear_bit(i, ppat->used, ppat->max_entries) {
		ppat->entries[i].value = ppat->clear_value;
		ppat->entries[i].ppat = ppat;
		set_bit(i, ppat->dirty);
	}

	ppat->update_hw(dev_priv);
}

static int gen8_gmch_probe(struct i915_ggtt *ggtt)
{
	struct drm_i915_private *dev_priv = ggtt->vm.i915;
	struct pci_dev *pdev = dev_priv->drm.pdev;
	unsigned int size;
	u16 snb_gmch_ctl;
	int err;

	/* TODO: We're not aware of mappable constraints on gen8 yet */
	ggtt->gmadr =
		(struct resource) DEFINE_RES_MEM(pci_resource_start(pdev, 2),
						 pci_resource_len(pdev, 2));
	ggtt->mappable_end = resource_size(&ggtt->gmadr);

	err = pci_set_dma_mask(pdev, DMA_BIT_MASK(39));
	if (!err)
		err = pci_set_consistent_dma_mask(pdev, DMA_BIT_MASK(39));
	if (err)
		DRM_ERROR("Can't set DMA mask/consistent mask (%d)\n", err);

	pci_read_config_word(pdev, SNB_GMCH_CTRL, &snb_gmch_ctl);
	if (IS_CHERRYVIEW(dev_priv))
		size = chv_get_total_gtt_size(snb_gmch_ctl);
	else
		size = gen8_get_total_gtt_size(snb_gmch_ctl);

	ggtt->vm.total = (size / sizeof(gen8_pte_t)) << PAGE_SHIFT;
	ggtt->vm.cleanup = gen6_gmch_remove;
	ggtt->vm.insert_page = gen8_ggtt_insert_page;
	ggtt->vm.clear_range = nop_clear_range;
	if (!USES_FULL_PPGTT(dev_priv) || intel_scanout_needs_vtd_wa(dev_priv))
		ggtt->vm.clear_range = gen8_ggtt_clear_range;

	ggtt->vm.insert_entries = gen8_ggtt_insert_entries;

	/* Serialize GTT updates with aperture access on BXT if VT-d is on. */
	if (intel_ggtt_update_needs_vtd_wa(dev_priv)) {
		ggtt->vm.insert_entries = bxt_vtd_ggtt_insert_entries__BKL;
		ggtt->vm.insert_page    = bxt_vtd_ggtt_insert_page__BKL;
		if (ggtt->vm.clear_range != nop_clear_range)
			ggtt->vm.clear_range = bxt_vtd_ggtt_clear_range__BKL;
	}

	ggtt->invalidate = gen6_ggtt_invalidate;

	ggtt->vm.vma_ops.bind_vma    = ggtt_bind_vma;
	ggtt->vm.vma_ops.unbind_vma  = ggtt_unbind_vma;
	ggtt->vm.vma_ops.set_pages   = ggtt_set_pages;
	ggtt->vm.vma_ops.clear_pages = clear_pages;

	setup_private_pat(dev_priv);

	return ggtt_probe_common(ggtt, size);
}

static int gen6_gmch_probe(struct i915_ggtt *ggtt)
{
	struct drm_i915_private *dev_priv = ggtt->vm.i915;
	struct pci_dev *pdev = dev_priv->drm.pdev;
	unsigned int size;
	u16 snb_gmch_ctl;
	int err;

	ggtt->gmadr =
		(struct resource) DEFINE_RES_MEM(pci_resource_start(pdev, 2),
						 pci_resource_len(pdev, 2));
	ggtt->mappable_end = resource_size(&ggtt->gmadr);

	/* 64/512MB is the current min/max we actually know of, but this is just
	 * a coarse sanity check.
	 */
	if (ggtt->mappable_end < (64<<20) || ggtt->mappable_end > (512<<20)) {
		DRM_ERROR("Unknown GMADR size (%pa)\n", &ggtt->mappable_end);
		return -ENXIO;
	}

	err = pci_set_dma_mask(pdev, DMA_BIT_MASK(40));
	if (!err)
		err = pci_set_consistent_dma_mask(pdev, DMA_BIT_MASK(40));
	if (err)
		DRM_ERROR("Can't set DMA mask/consistent mask (%d)\n", err);
	pci_read_config_word(pdev, SNB_GMCH_CTRL, &snb_gmch_ctl);

	size = gen6_get_total_gtt_size(snb_gmch_ctl);
	ggtt->vm.total = (size / sizeof(gen6_pte_t)) << PAGE_SHIFT;

	ggtt->vm.clear_range = gen6_ggtt_clear_range;
	ggtt->vm.insert_page = gen6_ggtt_insert_page;
	ggtt->vm.insert_entries = gen6_ggtt_insert_entries;
	ggtt->vm.cleanup = gen6_gmch_remove;

	ggtt->invalidate = gen6_ggtt_invalidate;

	if (HAS_EDRAM(dev_priv))
		ggtt->vm.pte_encode = iris_pte_encode;
	else if (IS_HASWELL(dev_priv))
		ggtt->vm.pte_encode = hsw_pte_encode;
	else if (IS_VALLEYVIEW(dev_priv))
		ggtt->vm.pte_encode = byt_pte_encode;
	else if (INTEL_GEN(dev_priv) >= 7)
		ggtt->vm.pte_encode = ivb_pte_encode;
	else
		ggtt->vm.pte_encode = snb_pte_encode;

	ggtt->vm.vma_ops.bind_vma    = ggtt_bind_vma;
	ggtt->vm.vma_ops.unbind_vma  = ggtt_unbind_vma;
	ggtt->vm.vma_ops.set_pages   = ggtt_set_pages;
	ggtt->vm.vma_ops.clear_pages = clear_pages;

	return ggtt_probe_common(ggtt, size);
}

static void i915_gmch_remove(struct i915_address_space *vm)
{
	intel_gmch_remove();
}

static int i915_gmch_probe(struct i915_ggtt *ggtt)
{
	struct drm_i915_private *dev_priv = ggtt->vm.i915;
	phys_addr_t gmadr_base;
	int ret;

	ret = intel_gmch_probe(dev_priv->bridge_dev, dev_priv->drm.pdev, NULL);
	if (!ret) {
		DRM_ERROR("failed to set up gmch\n");
		return -EIO;
	}

	intel_gtt_get(&ggtt->vm.total, &gmadr_base, &ggtt->mappable_end);

	ggtt->gmadr =
		(struct resource) DEFINE_RES_MEM(gmadr_base,
						 ggtt->mappable_end);

	ggtt->do_idle_maps = needs_idle_maps(dev_priv);
	ggtt->vm.insert_page = i915_ggtt_insert_page;
	ggtt->vm.insert_entries = i915_ggtt_insert_entries;
	ggtt->vm.clear_range = i915_ggtt_clear_range;
	ggtt->vm.cleanup = i915_gmch_remove;

	ggtt->invalidate = gmch_ggtt_invalidate;

	ggtt->vm.vma_ops.bind_vma    = ggtt_bind_vma;
	ggtt->vm.vma_ops.unbind_vma  = ggtt_unbind_vma;
	ggtt->vm.vma_ops.set_pages   = ggtt_set_pages;
	ggtt->vm.vma_ops.clear_pages = clear_pages;

	if (unlikely(ggtt->do_idle_maps))
		DRM_INFO("applying Ironlake quirks for intel_iommu\n");

	return 0;
}

/**
 * i915_ggtt_probe_hw - Probe GGTT hardware location
 * @dev_priv: i915 device
 */
int i915_ggtt_probe_hw(struct drm_i915_private *dev_priv)
{
	struct i915_ggtt *ggtt = &dev_priv->ggtt;
	int ret;

	ggtt->vm.i915 = dev_priv;
	ggtt->vm.dma = &dev_priv->drm.pdev->dev;

	if (INTEL_GEN(dev_priv) <= 5)
		ret = i915_gmch_probe(ggtt);
	else if (INTEL_GEN(dev_priv) < 8)
		ret = gen6_gmch_probe(ggtt);
	else
		ret = gen8_gmch_probe(ggtt);
	if (ret)
		return ret;

	/* Trim the GGTT to fit the GuC mappable upper range (when enabled).
	 * This is easier than doing range restriction on the fly, as we
	 * currently don't have any bits spare to pass in this upper
	 * restriction!
	 */
	if (USES_GUC(dev_priv)) {
		ggtt->vm.total = min_t(u64, ggtt->vm.total, GUC_GGTT_TOP);
		ggtt->mappable_end =
			min_t(u64, ggtt->mappable_end, ggtt->vm.total);
	}

	if ((ggtt->vm.total - 1) >> 32) {
		DRM_ERROR("We never expected a Global GTT with more than 32bits"
			  " of address space! Found %lldM!\n",
			  ggtt->vm.total >> 20);
		ggtt->vm.total = 1ULL << 32;
		ggtt->mappable_end =
			min_t(u64, ggtt->mappable_end, ggtt->vm.total);
	}

	if (ggtt->mappable_end > ggtt->vm.total) {
		DRM_ERROR("mappable aperture extends past end of GGTT,"
			  " aperture=%pa, total=%llx\n",
			  &ggtt->mappable_end, ggtt->vm.total);
		ggtt->mappable_end = ggtt->vm.total;
	}

	/* GMADR is the PCI mmio aperture into the global GTT. */
	DRM_DEBUG_DRIVER("GGTT size = %lluM\n", ggtt->vm.total >> 20);
	DRM_DEBUG_DRIVER("GMADR size = %lluM\n", (u64)ggtt->mappable_end >> 20);
	DRM_DEBUG_DRIVER("DSM size = %lluM\n",
			 (u64)resource_size(&intel_graphics_stolen_res) >> 20);
	if (intel_vtd_active())
		DRM_INFO("VT-d active for gfx access\n");

	return 0;
}

/**
 * i915_ggtt_init_hw - Initialize GGTT hardware
 * @dev_priv: i915 device
 */
int i915_ggtt_init_hw(struct drm_i915_private *dev_priv)
{
	struct i915_ggtt *ggtt = &dev_priv->ggtt;
	int ret;

	stash_init(&dev_priv->mm.wc_stash);

	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&dev_priv->vm_list);

	/* Note that we use page colouring to enforce a guard page at the
	 * end of the address space. This is required as the CS may prefetch
	 * beyond the end of the batch buffer, across the page boundary,
	 * and beyond the end of the GTT if we do not provide a guard.
	 */
	mutex_lock(&dev_priv->drm.struct_mutex);
	i915_address_space_init(&ggtt->vm, dev_priv);
	if (!HAS_LLC(dev_priv) && !USES_PPGTT(dev_priv))
		ggtt->vm.mm.color_adjust = i915_gtt_color_adjust;
	mutex_unlock(&dev_priv->drm.struct_mutex);

	if (!io_mapping_init_wc(&dev_priv->ggtt.iomap,
				dev_priv->ggtt.gmadr.start,
				dev_priv->ggtt.mappable_end)) {
		ret = -EIO;
		goto out_gtt_cleanup;
	}

	ggtt->mtrr = arch_phys_wc_add(ggtt->gmadr.start, ggtt->mappable_end);

	/*
	 * Initialise stolen early so that we may reserve preallocated
	 * objects for the BIOS to KMS transition.
	 */
	ret = i915_gem_init_stolen(dev_priv);
	if (ret)
		goto out_gtt_cleanup;

	return 0;

out_gtt_cleanup:
	ggtt->vm.cleanup(&ggtt->vm);
	return ret;
}

int i915_ggtt_enable_hw(struct drm_i915_private *dev_priv)
{
	if (INTEL_GEN(dev_priv) < 6 && !intel_enable_gtt())
		return -EIO;

	return 0;
}

void i915_ggtt_enable_guc(struct drm_i915_private *i915)
{
	GEM_BUG_ON(i915->ggtt.invalidate != gen6_ggtt_invalidate);

	i915->ggtt.invalidate = guc_ggtt_invalidate;

	i915_ggtt_invalidate(i915);
}

void i915_ggtt_disable_guc(struct drm_i915_private *i915)
{
	/* We should only be called after i915_ggtt_enable_guc() */
	GEM_BUG_ON(i915->ggtt.invalidate != guc_ggtt_invalidate);

	i915->ggtt.invalidate = gen6_ggtt_invalidate;

	i915_ggtt_invalidate(i915);
}

void i915_gem_restore_gtt_mappings(struct drm_i915_private *dev_priv)
{
	struct i915_ggtt *ggtt = &dev_priv->ggtt;
	struct i915_vma *vma, *vn;

	i915_check_and_clear_faults(dev_priv);

	/* First fill our portion of the GTT with scratch pages */
	ggtt->vm.clear_range(&ggtt->vm, 0, ggtt->vm.total);

	ggtt->vm.closed = true; /* skip rewriting PTE on VMA unbind */

	/* clflush objects bound into the GGTT and rebind them. */
	GEM_BUG_ON(!list_empty(&ggtt->vm.active_list));
	list_for_each_entry_safe(vma, vn, &ggtt->vm.inactive_list, vm_link) {
		struct drm_i915_gem_object *obj = vma->obj;

		if (!(vma->flags & I915_VMA_GLOBAL_BIND))
			continue;

		if (!i915_vma_unbind(vma))
			continue;

		WARN_ON(i915_vma_bind(vma,
				      obj ? obj->cache_level : 0,
				      PIN_UPDATE));
		if (obj)
			WARN_ON(i915_gem_object_set_to_gtt_domain(obj, false));
	}

	ggtt->vm.closed = false;
	i915_ggtt_invalidate(dev_priv);

	if (INTEL_GEN(dev_priv) >= 8) {
		struct intel_ppat *ppat = &dev_priv->ppat;

		bitmap_set(ppat->dirty, 0, ppat->max_entries);
		dev_priv->ppat.update_hw(dev_priv);
		return;
	}
}

static struct scatterlist *
rotate_pages(const dma_addr_t *in, unsigned int offset,
	     unsigned int width, unsigned int height,
	     unsigned int stride,
	     struct sg_table *st, struct scatterlist *sg)
{
	unsigned int column, row;
	unsigned int src_idx;

	for (column = 0; column < width; column++) {
		src_idx = stride * (height - 1) + column;
		for (row = 0; row < height; row++) {
			st->nents++;
			/* We don't need the pages, but need to initialize
			 * the entries so the sg list can be happily traversed.
			 * The only thing we need are DMA addresses.
			 */
			sg_set_page(sg, NULL, PAGE_SIZE, 0);
			sg_dma_address(sg) = in[offset + src_idx];
			sg_dma_len(sg) = PAGE_SIZE;
			sg = sg_next(sg);
			src_idx -= stride;
		}
	}

	return sg;
}

static noinline struct sg_table *
intel_rotate_pages(struct intel_rotation_info *rot_info,
		   struct drm_i915_gem_object *obj)
{
	const unsigned long n_pages = obj->base.size / PAGE_SIZE;
	unsigned int size = intel_rotation_info_size(rot_info);
	struct sgt_iter sgt_iter;
	dma_addr_t dma_addr;
	unsigned long i;
	dma_addr_t *page_addr_list;
	struct sg_table *st;
	struct scatterlist *sg;
	int ret = -ENOMEM;

	/* Allocate a temporary list of source pages for random access. */
	page_addr_list = kvmalloc_array(n_pages,
					sizeof(dma_addr_t),
					GFP_KERNEL);
	if (!page_addr_list)
		return ERR_PTR(ret);

	/* Allocate target SG list. */
	st = kmalloc(sizeof(*st), GFP_KERNEL);
	if (!st)
		goto err_st_alloc;

	ret = sg_alloc_table(st, size, GFP_KERNEL);
	if (ret)
		goto err_sg_alloc;

	/* Populate source page list from the object. */
	i = 0;
	for_each_sgt_dma(dma_addr, sgt_iter, obj->mm.pages)
		page_addr_list[i++] = dma_addr;

	GEM_BUG_ON(i != n_pages);
	st->nents = 0;
	sg = st->sgl;

	for (i = 0 ; i < ARRAY_SIZE(rot_info->plane); i++) {
		sg = rotate_pages(page_addr_list, rot_info->plane[i].offset,
				  rot_info->plane[i].width, rot_info->plane[i].height,
				  rot_info->plane[i].stride, st, sg);
	}

	kvfree(page_addr_list);

	return st;

err_sg_alloc:
	kfree(st);
err_st_alloc:
	kvfree(page_addr_list);

	DRM_DEBUG_DRIVER("Failed to create rotated mapping for object size %zu! (%ux%u tiles, %u pages)\n",
			 obj->base.size, rot_info->plane[0].width, rot_info->plane[0].height, size);

	return ERR_PTR(ret);
}

static noinline struct sg_table *
intel_partial_pages(const struct i915_ggtt_view *view,
		    struct drm_i915_gem_object *obj)
{
	struct sg_table *st;
	struct scatterlist *sg, *iter;
	unsigned int count = view->partial.size;
	unsigned int offset;
	int ret = -ENOMEM;

	st = kmalloc(sizeof(*st), GFP_KERNEL);
	if (!st)
		goto err_st_alloc;

	ret = sg_alloc_table(st, count, GFP_KERNEL);
	if (ret)
		goto err_sg_alloc;

	iter = i915_gem_object_get_sg(obj, view->partial.offset, &offset);
	GEM_BUG_ON(!iter);

	sg = st->sgl;
	st->nents = 0;
	do {
		unsigned int len;

		len = min(iter->length - (offset << PAGE_SHIFT),
			  count << PAGE_SHIFT);
		sg_set_page(sg, NULL, len, 0);
		sg_dma_address(sg) =
			sg_dma_address(iter) + (offset << PAGE_SHIFT);
		sg_dma_len(sg) = len;

		st->nents++;
		count -= len >> PAGE_SHIFT;
		if (count == 0) {
			sg_mark_end(sg);
			return st;
		}

		sg = __sg_next(sg);
		iter = __sg_next(iter);
		offset = 0;
	} while (1);

err_sg_alloc:
	kfree(st);
err_st_alloc:
	return ERR_PTR(ret);
}

static int
i915_get_ggtt_vma_pages(struct i915_vma *vma)
{
	int ret;

	/* The vma->pages are only valid within the lifespan of the borrowed
	 * obj->mm.pages. When the obj->mm.pages sg_table is regenerated, so
	 * must be the vma->pages. A simple rule is that vma->pages must only
	 * be accessed when the obj->mm.pages are pinned.
	 */
	GEM_BUG_ON(!i915_gem_object_has_pinned_pages(vma->obj));

	switch (vma->ggtt_view.type) {
	default:
		GEM_BUG_ON(vma->ggtt_view.type);
		/* fall through */
	case I915_GGTT_VIEW_NORMAL:
		vma->pages = vma->obj->mm.pages;
		return 0;

	case I915_GGTT_VIEW_ROTATED:
		vma->pages =
			intel_rotate_pages(&vma->ggtt_view.rotated, vma->obj);
		break;

	case I915_GGTT_VIEW_PARTIAL:
		vma->pages = intel_partial_pages(&vma->ggtt_view, vma->obj);
		break;
	}

	ret = 0;
	if (unlikely(IS_ERR(vma->pages))) {
		ret = PTR_ERR(vma->pages);
		vma->pages = NULL;
		DRM_ERROR("Failed to get pages for VMA view type %u (%d)!\n",
			  vma->ggtt_view.type, ret);
	}
	return ret;
}

/**
 * i915_gem_gtt_reserve - reserve a node in an address_space (GTT)
 * @vm: the &struct i915_address_space
 * @node: the &struct drm_mm_node (typically i915_vma.mode)
 * @size: how much space to allocate inside the GTT,
 *        must be #I915_GTT_PAGE_SIZE aligned
 * @offset: where to insert inside the GTT,
 *          must be #I915_GTT_MIN_ALIGNMENT aligned, and the node
 *          (@offset + @size) must fit within the address space
 * @color: color to apply to node, if this node is not from a VMA,
 *         color must be #I915_COLOR_UNEVICTABLE
 * @flags: control search and eviction behaviour
 *
 * i915_gem_gtt_reserve() tries to insert the @node at the exact @offset inside
 * the address space (using @size and @color). If the @node does not fit, it
 * tries to evict any overlapping nodes from the GTT, including any
 * neighbouring nodes if the colors do not match (to ensure guard pages between
 * differing domains). See i915_gem_evict_for_node() for the gory details
 * on the eviction algorithm. #PIN_NONBLOCK may used to prevent waiting on
 * evicting active overlapping objects, and any overlapping node that is pinned
 * or marked as unevictable will also result in failure.
 *
 * Returns: 0 on success, -ENOSPC if no suitable hole is found, -EINTR if
 * asked to wait for eviction and interrupted.
 */
int i915_gem_gtt_reserve(struct i915_address_space *vm,
			 struct drm_mm_node *node,
			 u64 size, u64 offset, unsigned long color,
			 unsigned int flags)
{
	int err;

	GEM_BUG_ON(!size);
	GEM_BUG_ON(!IS_ALIGNED(size, I915_GTT_PAGE_SIZE));
	GEM_BUG_ON(!IS_ALIGNED(offset, I915_GTT_MIN_ALIGNMENT));
	GEM_BUG_ON(range_overflows(offset, size, vm->total));
	GEM_BUG_ON(vm == &vm->i915->mm.aliasing_ppgtt->vm);
	GEM_BUG_ON(drm_mm_node_allocated(node));

	node->size = size;
	node->start = offset;
	node->color = color;

	err = drm_mm_reserve_node(&vm->mm, node);
	if (err != -ENOSPC)
		return err;

	if (flags & PIN_NOEVICT)
		return -ENOSPC;

	err = i915_gem_evict_for_node(vm, node, flags);
	if (err == 0)
		err = drm_mm_reserve_node(&vm->mm, node);

	return err;
}

static u64 random_offset(u64 start, u64 end, u64 len, u64 align)
{
	u64 range, addr;

	GEM_BUG_ON(range_overflows(start, len, end));
	GEM_BUG_ON(round_up(start, align) > round_down(end - len, align));

	range = round_down(end - len, align) - round_up(start, align);
	if (range) {
		if (sizeof(unsigned long) == sizeof(u64)) {
			addr = get_random_long();
		} else {
			addr = get_random_int();
			if (range > U32_MAX) {
				addr <<= 32;
				addr |= get_random_int();
			}
		}
		div64_u64_rem(addr, range, &addr);
		start += addr;
	}

	return round_up(start, align);
}

/**
 * i915_gem_gtt_insert - insert a node into an address_space (GTT)
 * @vm: the &struct i915_address_space
 * @node: the &struct drm_mm_node (typically i915_vma.node)
 * @size: how much space to allocate inside the GTT,
 *        must be #I915_GTT_PAGE_SIZE aligned
 * @alignment: required alignment of starting offset, may be 0 but
 *             if specified, this must be a power-of-two and at least
 *             #I915_GTT_MIN_ALIGNMENT
 * @color: color to apply to node
 * @start: start of any range restriction inside GTT (0 for all),
 *         must be #I915_GTT_PAGE_SIZE aligned
 * @end: end of any range restriction inside GTT (U64_MAX for all),
 *       must be #I915_GTT_PAGE_SIZE aligned if not U64_MAX
 * @flags: control search and eviction behaviour
 *
 * i915_gem_gtt_insert() first searches for an available hole into which
 * is can insert the node. The hole address is aligned to @alignment and
 * its @size must then fit entirely within the [@start, @end] bounds. The
 * nodes on either side of the hole must match @color, or else a guard page
 * will be inserted between the two nodes (or the node evicted). If no
 * suitable hole is found, first a victim is randomly selected and tested
 * for eviction, otherwise then the LRU list of objects within the GTT
 * is scanned to find the first set of replacement nodes to create the hole.
 * Those old overlapping nodes are evicted from the GTT (and so must be
 * rebound before any future use). Any node that is currently pinned cannot
 * be evicted (see i915_vma_pin()). Similar if the node's VMA is currently
 * active and #PIN_NONBLOCK is specified, that node is also skipped when
 * searching for an eviction candidate. See i915_gem_evict_something() for
 * the gory details on the eviction algorithm.
 *
 * Returns: 0 on success, -ENOSPC if no suitable hole is found, -EINTR if
 * asked to wait for eviction and interrupted.
 */
int i915_gem_gtt_insert(struct i915_address_space *vm,
			struct drm_mm_node *node,
			u64 size, u64 alignment, unsigned long color,
			u64 start, u64 end, unsigned int flags)
{
	enum drm_mm_insert_mode mode;
	u64 offset;
	int err;

	lockdep_assert_held(&vm->i915->drm.struct_mutex);
	GEM_BUG_ON(!size);
	GEM_BUG_ON(!IS_ALIGNED(size, I915_GTT_PAGE_SIZE));
	GEM_BUG_ON(alignment && !is_power_of_2(alignment));
	GEM_BUG_ON(alignment && !IS_ALIGNED(alignment, I915_GTT_MIN_ALIGNMENT));
	GEM_BUG_ON(start >= end);
	GEM_BUG_ON(start > 0  && !IS_ALIGNED(start, I915_GTT_PAGE_SIZE));
	GEM_BUG_ON(end < U64_MAX && !IS_ALIGNED(end, I915_GTT_PAGE_SIZE));
	GEM_BUG_ON(vm == &vm->i915->mm.aliasing_ppgtt->vm);
	GEM_BUG_ON(drm_mm_node_allocated(node));

	if (unlikely(range_overflows(start, size, end)))
		return -ENOSPC;

	if (unlikely(round_up(start, alignment) > round_down(end - size, alignment)))
		return -ENOSPC;

	mode = DRM_MM_INSERT_BEST;
	if (flags & PIN_HIGH)
		mode = DRM_MM_INSERT_HIGH;
	if (flags & PIN_MAPPABLE)
		mode = DRM_MM_INSERT_LOW;

	/* We only allocate in PAGE_SIZE/GTT_PAGE_SIZE (4096) chunks,
	 * so we know that we always have a minimum alignment of 4096.
	 * The drm_mm range manager is optimised to return results
	 * with zero alignment, so where possible use the optimal
	 * path.
	 */
	BUILD_BUG_ON(I915_GTT_MIN_ALIGNMENT > I915_GTT_PAGE_SIZE);
	if (alignment <= I915_GTT_MIN_ALIGNMENT)
		alignment = 0;

	err = drm_mm_insert_node_in_range(&vm->mm, node,
					  size, alignment, color,
					  start, end, mode);
	if (err != -ENOSPC)
		return err;

	if (flags & PIN_NOEVICT)
		return -ENOSPC;

	/* No free space, pick a slot at random.
	 *
	 * There is a pathological case here using a GTT shared between
	 * mmap and GPU (i.e. ggtt/aliasing_ppgtt but not full-ppgtt):
	 *
	 *    |<-- 256 MiB aperture -->||<-- 1792 MiB unmappable -->|
	 *         (64k objects)             (448k objects)
	 *
	 * Now imagine that the eviction LRU is ordered top-down (just because
	 * pathology meets real life), and that we need to evict an object to
	 * make room inside the aperture. The eviction scan then has to walk
	 * the 448k list before it finds one within range. And now imagine that
	 * it has to search for a new hole between every byte inside the memcpy,
	 * for several simultaneous clients.
	 *
	 * On a full-ppgtt system, if we have run out of available space, there
	 * will be lots and lots of objects in the eviction list! Again,
	 * searching that LRU list may be slow if we are also applying any
	 * range restrictions (e.g. restriction to low 4GiB) and so, for
	 * simplicity and similarilty between different GTT, try the single
	 * random replacement first.
	 */
	offset = random_offset(start, end,
			       size, alignment ?: I915_GTT_MIN_ALIGNMENT);
	err = i915_gem_gtt_reserve(vm, node, size, offset, color, flags);
	if (err != -ENOSPC)
		return err;

	/* Randomly selected placement is pinned, do a search */
	err = i915_gem_evict_something(vm, size, alignment, color,
				       start, end, flags);
	if (err)
		return err;

	return drm_mm_insert_node_in_range(&vm->mm, node,
					   size, alignment, color,
					   start, end, DRM_MM_INSERT_EVICT);
}

#if IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_DRM_I915_SELFTEST)
#include "selftests/mock_gtt.c"
#include "selftests/i915_gem_gtt.c"
#endif