operator.cc

/* Copyright (c) 2016 PaddlePaddle Authors. All Rights Reserved.
Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
You may obtain a copy of the License at
    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
limitations under the License. */

#include "paddle/fluid/framework/operator.h"

#include <glog/logging.h>

#include <sstream>
#include <string>

#include "gflags/gflags.h"
#include "paddle/fluid/framework/convert_utils.h"
#include "paddle/fluid/framework/data_transform.h"
#include "paddle/fluid/framework/data_type_transform.h"
#include "paddle/fluid/framework/details/nan_inf_utils.h"
#include "paddle/fluid/framework/op_call_stack.h"
#include "paddle/fluid/framework/phi_utils.h"
#include "paddle/fluid/framework/shape_inference.h"
#include "paddle/fluid/framework/transfer_scope_cache.h"
#include "paddle/fluid/framework/unused_var_check.h"
#include "paddle/fluid/framework/var_type.h"
#include "paddle/fluid/platform/device/device_wrapper.h"
#include "paddle/fluid/platform/enforce.h"
#include "paddle/fluid/platform/profiler.h"
#include "paddle/fluid/platform/profiler/event_tracing.h"
#include "paddle/fluid/platform/profiler/supplement_tracing.h"
#include "paddle/phi/common/int_array.h"
#include "paddle/phi/common/scalar.h"
#include "paddle/phi/core/kernel_context.h"
#include "paddle/phi/core/kernel_factory.h"
#include "paddle/phi/ops/compat/signatures.h"

namespace phi {
class DenseTensor;
}  // namespace phi

#ifdef PADDLE_WITH_XPU
#include "paddle/fluid/platform/device/xpu/xpu_info.h"
#include "paddle/fluid/platform/device/xpu/xpu_op_list.h"
#endif

#ifdef PADDLE_WITH_MKLDNN
#include "paddle/fluid/platform/mkldnn_helper.h"
#endif

#ifdef PADDLE_WITH_MLU
#include "paddle/fluid/platform/device/mlu/mlu_info.h"
#endif

DECLARE_bool(benchmark);
DECLARE_bool(check_nan_inf);
DECLARE_bool(enable_unused_var_check);
DECLARE_bool(run_kp_kernel);
DECLARE_bool(enable_host_event_recorder_hook);

namespace paddle {
namespace framework {

std::vector<std::tuple<platform::Place, LibraryType>> kKernelPriority = {
    std::make_tuple(platform::CUDAPlace(0), LibraryType::kCUDNN),
    std::make_tuple(platform::CUDAPlace(0), LibraryType::kPlain),
    std::make_tuple(platform::CPUPlace(), LibraryType::kMKLDNN),
    std::make_tuple(platform::CPUPlace(), LibraryType::kPlain),
};

static DDim GetDimsDebug(const ScopeBase& scope,
                         const std::string& name,
                         bool get_actual_dim = false) {
  Variable* var = scope.FindVar(name);
  if (var == nullptr) {
    return DDim({-1});
  }

  if (var->IsType<LoDTensor>()) {
    const LoDTensor& tensor = var->Get<LoDTensor>();
    return tensor.dims();
  } else if (var->IsType<phi::SelectedRows>()) {
    if (get_actual_dim) {
      return var->Get<phi::SelectedRows>().value().dims();
    } else {
      return var->Get<phi::SelectedRows>().GetCompleteDims();
    }
  } else if (var->IsType<Strings>()) {
    return DDim({static_cast<int64_t>(var->Get<Strings>().size())});
  } else {
    return DDim({-1});
  }
}

static bool VarInited(const ScopeBase& scope, const std::string& name) {
  Variable* var = scope.FindVar(name);
  if (var == nullptr) return false;
  return var->IsInitialized();
}

static std::string GetDtype(const ScopeBase& scope, const std::string& name) {
  Variable* var = scope.FindVar(name);
  if (var == nullptr) {
    return "";
  }

  if (var->IsType<LoDTensor>()) {
    const LoDTensor& tensor = var->Get<LoDTensor>();
    if (UNLIKELY(!tensor.IsInitialized())) {
      return "";
    }
    return DataTypeToString(framework::TransToProtoVarType(tensor.dtype()));
  } else if (var->IsType<phi::SelectedRows>()) {
    auto tensor = var->Get<phi::SelectedRows>().value();
    if (UNLIKELY(!tensor.IsInitialized())) {
      return "uninited";
    } else {
      return DataTypeToString(framework::TransToProtoVarType(tensor.dtype()));
    }
  } else if (var->IsType<Strings>()) {
    return "strings";
  } else {
    return "";
  }
}

static std::string GetPlace(const ScopeBase& scope, const std::string& name) {
  Variable* var = scope.FindVar(name);
  if (var == nullptr) {
    return "";
  }
  auto to_string = [](const platform::Place& p) {
    std::stringstream sstream;
    sstream << p;
    return sstream.str();
  };

  if (var->IsType<LoDTensor>()) {
    const LoDTensor& tensor = var->Get<LoDTensor>();
    if (UNLIKELY(!tensor.IsInitialized())) {
      return "";
    }
    return to_string(tensor.place());
  } else if (var->IsType<phi::SelectedRows>()) {
    auto tensor = var->Get<phi::SelectedRows>().value();
    if (UNLIKELY(!tensor.IsInitialized())) {
      return "uninited";
    } else {
      return to_string(tensor.place());
    }
  } else {
    return "";
  }
}

static int GetRowSize(const ScopeBase& scope, const std::string& name) {
  Variable* var = scope.FindVar(name);
  if (var == nullptr) {
    return -1;
  }

  if (var->IsType<phi::SelectedRows>()) {
    return var->Get<phi::SelectedRows>().rows().size();
  }

  return -1;
}

static LoD GetLoDDebug(const ScopeBase& scope, const std::string& name) {
  Variable* var = scope.FindVar(name);
  auto default_lod = LoD({{}});

  if (var == nullptr) {
    return default_lod;
  }

  if (var->IsType<LoDTensor>()) {
    const LoDTensor& tensor = var->Get<LoDTensor>();
    return tensor.lod();
  } else {
    return default_lod;
  }
}

RuntimeContext::RuntimeContext(const VariableNameMap& innames,
                               const VariableNameMap& outnames,
                               const Scope& scope) {
  for (auto& var_name_item : innames) {
    std::vector<Variable*>& input_vars = inputs[var_name_item.first];
    input_vars.reserve(var_name_item.second.size());
    for (auto& var_name : var_name_item.second) {
      input_vars.push_back(scope.FindVar(var_name));
    }
  }
  for (auto& var_name_item : outnames) {
    std::vector<Variable*>& output_vars = outputs[var_name_item.first];
    output_vars.reserve(var_name_item.second.size());
    for (auto& var_name : var_name_item.second) {
      output_vars.push_back(scope.FindVar(var_name));
    }
  }
}

void OperatorBase::Run(const Scope& scope, const platform::Place& place) {
  try {
    VLOG(4) << place << " " << DebugStringEx(&scope);
    if (platform::is_gpu_place(place)) {
#if !defined(PADDLE_WITH_CUDA) && !defined(PADDLE_WITH_HIP)
      PADDLE_THROW(platform::errors::Unavailable(
          "Cannot run operator on place %s, please recompile paddle or "
          "reinstall Paddle with CUDA support.",
          place));
#else
      auto dev_id = place.device;
      platform::SetDeviceId(dev_id);
#endif
    } else if (platform::is_xpu_place(place)) {
#ifndef PADDLE_WITH_XPU
      PADDLE_THROW(platform::errors::Unavailable(
          "Cannot run operator on place %s, please recompile paddle or "
          "reinstall Paddle with XPU support.",
          place));
#else
      auto dev_id = place.device;
      platform::SetXPUDeviceId(dev_id);
#endif
    } else if (platform::is_npu_place(place)) {
#ifndef PADDLE_WITH_ASCEND_CL
      PADDLE_THROW(platform::errors::Unavailable(
          "Cannot run operator on place %s, please recompile paddle or "
          "reinstall Paddle with NPU support.",
          place));
#else
      auto dev_id = place.device;
      platform::SetNPUDeviceId(dev_id);
#endif
    } else if (platform::is_mlu_place(place)) {
#ifndef PADDLE_WITH_MLU
      PADDLE_THROW(platform::errors::Unavailable(
          "Cannot run operator on place %s, please recompile paddle or "
          "reinstall Paddle with MLU support.",
          place));
#else
      auto dev_id = place.device;
      platform::SetMLUDeviceId(dev_id);
#endif
    } else if (platform::is_custom_place(place)) {
#ifndef PADDLE_WITH_CUSTOM_DEVICE
      PADDLE_THROW(platform::errors::Unavailable(
          "Cannot run operator on place %s, please recompile paddle or "
          "reinstall Paddle with CustomDevice support.",
          place));
#else
      phi::DeviceManager::SetDevice(place);
#endif
    }

    {
      // TODO(wangchaochaohu) : refine code to use only one RecordEvent)
      // in order to record different op type cost time
      // and different op name cost time,we set two event.
      platform::RecordEvent op_type_record_event(
          Type(), platform::TracerEventType::Operator, 1);
      auto op_name = platform::OpName(outputs_, Type());
      platform::RecordEvent op_name_record_event(
          op_name,
          platform::TracerEventType::Operator,
          FLAGS_enable_host_event_recorder_hook ? 20 : 1,
          platform::EventRole::kUniqueOp);
      RunImpl(scope, place);
    }

    VLOG(3) << GetExecutionPlace(place) << " " << DebugStringEx(&scope);
  } catch (platform::EnforceNotMet& exception) {
    framework::InsertCallStackInfo(Type(), Attrs(), &exception);
    throw std::move(exception);
  } catch (platform::EOFException&) {
    std::rethrow_exception(std::current_exception());
  } catch (std::exception& ex) {
    LOG(WARNING) << Type() << " raises an exception "
                 << platform::demangle(typeid(ex).name()) << ", " << ex.what();
    std::rethrow_exception(std::current_exception());
  } catch (...) {
    LOG(WARNING) << Type() << " raises an unknown exception";
    std::rethrow_exception(std::current_exception());
  }
}

bool OperatorBase::HasInputs(const std::string& name) const {
  return inputs_.find(name) != inputs_.end();
}

std::string OperatorBase::Input(const std::string& name) const {
  auto& ins = Inputs(name);
  PADDLE_ENFORCE_LE(
      ins.size(),
      1UL,
      platform::errors::InvalidArgument(
          "Operator %s's input %s should contain only one variable.",
          type_,
          name));
  return ins.empty() ? kEmptyVarName : ins[0];
}

const std::vector<std::string>& OperatorBase::Inputs(
    const std::string& name) const {
  auto it = inputs_.find(name);
  PADDLE_ENFORCE_NE(
      it,
      inputs_.end(),
      platform::errors::NotFound(
          "Operator %s does not have the input %s.", type_, name));
  return it->second;
}

bool OperatorBase::HasOutputs(const std::string& name) const {
  if (outputs_.find(name) != outputs_.end()) {
    return true;
  } else {
    return false;
  }
}

std::string OperatorBase::Output(const std::string& name) const {
  auto& outs = Outputs(name);
  PADDLE_ENFORCE_LE(
      outs.size(),
      1UL,
      platform::errors::InvalidArgument(
          "Operator %s's output %s should contain only one variable.",
          type_,
          name));
  return outs.empty() ? kEmptyVarName : outs[0];
}

const std::vector<std::string>& OperatorBase::Outputs(
    const std::string& name) const {
  auto it = outputs_.find(name);
  PADDLE_ENFORCE_NE(
      it,
      outputs_.end(),
      platform::errors::NotFound(
          "Operator %s does not have an output called %s.", type_, name));
  return it->second;
}

std::string OperatorBase::DebugStringEx(const ScopeBase* scope) const {
  std::stringstream ss;
  ss << "Op(" << type_ << "), inputs:{";

  const std::unordered_set<std::string>* no_need_buffer_vars = nullptr;
  if (info_ && info_->NoNeedBufferVarsInferer()) {
    no_need_buffer_vars =
        &(Info().NoNeedBufferVarsInferer()(Inputs(), Outputs(), Attrs()));
    if (no_need_buffer_vars->empty()) no_need_buffer_vars = nullptr;
  }

  for (auto it = inputs_.begin(); it != inputs_.end();) {
    auto& input = *it;
    bool is_no_need_buffer_var =
        (no_need_buffer_vars && no_need_buffer_vars->count(input.first) > 0);
    ss << input.first << "[";
    for (size_t i = 0; i < input.second.size(); ++i) {
      auto var_name = input.second[i];
      ss << var_name;
      if (scope) {
        if (!VarInited(*scope, var_name)) {
          ss << "[uninited]";
        } else {
          int row_size = GetRowSize(*scope, var_name);
          if (row_size >= 0) {
            ss << "[row_size=" << row_size << "]";
          }
          std::string dtype = is_no_need_buffer_var
                                  ? "unknown_dtype"
                                  : GetDtype(*scope, var_name);
          ss << ":" << dtype;
          ss << "[" << GetDimsDebug(*scope, var_name, true) << "]";
          ss << "(" << GetLoDDebug(*scope, var_name) << ")";
          ss << "(" << GetPlace(*scope, var_name) << ")";
        }
      }
      if (i != input.second.size() - 1) {
        ss << ", ";
      }
    }
    ss << "]";
    ++it;
    if (it != inputs_.end()) {
      ss << ", ";
    }
  }
  ss << "}, outputs:{";
  for (auto it = outputs_.begin(); it != outputs_.end();) {
    auto& output = *it;
    ss << output.first << "[";
    for (size_t i = 0; i < output.second.size(); ++i) {
      auto var_name = output.second[i];
      ss << var_name;
      if (scope) {
        if (!VarInited(*scope, var_name)) {
          ss << "[uninited]";
        } else {
          int row_size = GetRowSize(*scope, output.second[i]);
          if (row_size >= 0) {
            ss << "[row_size=" << row_size << "]";
          }
          std::string dtype = GetDtype(*scope, output.second[i]);
          ss << ":" << dtype;
          ss << "[" << GetDimsDebug(*scope, var_name, true) << "]";
          ss << "(" << GetLoDDebug(*scope, var_name) << ")";
          ss << "(" << GetPlace(*scope, var_name) << ")";
        }
      }
      if (i != output.second.size() - 1) {
        ss << ", ";
      }
    }
    ss << "]";
    ++it;
    if (it != outputs_.end()) {
      ss << ", ";
    }
  }
  ss << "}.";
  return ss.str();
}

OperatorBase::OperatorBase(const std::string& type,
                           const VariableNameMap& inputs,
                           const VariableNameMap& outputs,
                           const AttributeMap& attrs)
    : type_(type),
      inputs_(inputs),
      outputs_(outputs),
      attrs_(attrs),
      // NOTE(zjl): why op_info may be nullptr?
      info_(OpInfoMap::Instance().GetNullable(type)) {
  // In dygraph mode, all the OperatorBase will be constructed by function:
  // framework::OpRegistry::CreateOp(type, {}, {}, {}, false).
  // Inputs, outputs and attrs will be set to empty map
  // to improve the execution efficiency of dygraph.
  if (inputs_.size() > 0 || outputs_.size() > 0) {
    GenerateTemporaryNames();
    CheckAllInputOutputSet();
  }
}

std::vector<std::string> OperatorBase::InputVars() const {
  std::vector<std::string> ret_val;
  for (auto& o : inputs_) {
    ret_val.reserve(ret_val.size() + o.second.size());
    ret_val.insert(ret_val.end(), o.second.begin(), o.second.end());
  }
  return ret_val;
}

std::vector<std::string> OperatorBase::OutputVars(bool has_intermediate) const {
  std::vector<std::string> ret_val;
  if (has_intermediate) {
    // push all outputs into ret_val
    for (auto& o : outputs_) {
      ret_val.reserve(ret_val.size() + o.second.size());
      ret_val.insert(ret_val.end(), o.second.begin(), o.second.end());
    }
    return ret_val;
  }
  auto& info = Info();

  // get all OpProto::Var for outputs
  for (auto& o : info.Proto().outputs()) {
    // ignore all intermediate output
    if (o.intermediate()) continue;
    auto out = outputs_.find(o.name());
    if (out != outputs_.end()) {
      ret_val.reserve(ret_val.size() + out->second.size());
      ret_val.insert(ret_val.end(), out->second.begin(), out->second.end());
    }
  }
  return ret_val;
}

void OperatorBase::CheckAllInputOutputSet() const {
  if (info_ == nullptr || info_->proto_ == nullptr) return;

  for (auto& in : info_->Proto().inputs()) {
    if (!in.dispensable() && !in.extra()) {
      PADDLE_ENFORCE_NE(
          inputs_.find(in.name()),
          inputs_.end(),
          platform::errors::NotFound(
              "Operator %s's input (%s) is not set.", Type(), in.name()));
    }
  }

  for (auto& out : info_->Proto().outputs()) {
    if (!out.dispensable() && !out.extra()) {
      PADDLE_ENFORCE_NE(
          outputs_.find(out.name()),
          outputs_.end(),
          platform::errors::NotFound(
              "Operator %s's output (%s) is not set.", Type(), out.name()));
    }
  }
}

void OperatorBase::GenerateTemporaryNames() {
  static std::atomic<size_t> gUniqId(0UL);
  for (auto& output : outputs_) {
    for (auto& output_name : output.second) {
      if (output_name == kTempVarName) {
        output_name += type_;
        output_name += "@";
        output_name += std::to_string(gUniqId.fetch_add(1));
      }
    }
  }
}

const Tensor* GetLoDTensorOrSelectedRowsValueFromVar(const Variable& var) {
  if (var.IsType<LoDTensor>()) {
    return static_cast<const Tensor*>(&(var.Get<LoDTensor>()));
  } else if (var.IsType<phi::SelectedRows>()) {
    return &(var.Get<phi::SelectedRows>().value());
  } else {
    PADDLE_THROW(platform::errors::InvalidArgument(
        "Variable type is %s, expect LoDTensor or SelectedRows.",
        ToTypeName(var.Type())));
  }
}

Tensor* GetMutableLoDTensorOrSelectedRowsValueFromVar(Variable* var) {
  if (var->IsType<LoDTensor>()) {
    return var->GetMutable<LoDTensor>();
  } else if (var->IsType<phi::SelectedRows>()) {
    return var->GetMutable<phi::SelectedRows>()->mutable_value();
  } else {
    PADDLE_THROW(platform::errors::InvalidArgument(
        "Variable type is %s, expect LoDTensor or SelectedRows.",
        ToTypeName(var->Type())));
  }
}

bool ExecutionContext::HasInput(const std::string& name) const {
  auto* var = InputVar(name);
  return var != nullptr;
}

bool ExecutionContext::HasInputs(const std::string& name) const {
  const auto& ins = ctx_.inputs;
  auto it = ins.find(name);
  if (it == ins.end() || it->second.empty()) {
    return false;
  }
  for (const auto* input : it->second) {
    if (input == nullptr) {
      return false;
    }
  }
  return true;
}

bool ExecutionContext::HasOutput(const std::string& name) const {
  auto* var = OutputVar(name);
  return var != nullptr;
}

const Variable* ExecutionContext::InputVar(const std::string& name) const {
  LogVarUsageIfUnusedVarCheckEnabled(name);

  auto it = ctx_.inputs.find(name);
  if (it == ctx_.inputs.end()) return nullptr;

  PADDLE_ENFORCE_LE(
      it->second.size(),
      1UL,
      platform::errors::InvalidArgument(
          "Operator %s's input %s should contain only one variable.",
          op_.Type(),
          name));
  return it->second.empty() ? nullptr : it->second[0];
}

Variable* ExecutionContext::OutputVar(const std::string& name) const {
  auto it = ctx_.outputs.find(name);
  if (it == ctx_.outputs.end()) return nullptr;

  PADDLE_ENFORCE_LE(
      it->second.size(),
      1UL,
      platform::errors::InvalidArgument(
          "Operator %s's output %s should contain only one variable.",
          op_.Type(),
          name));
  return it->second.empty() ? nullptr : it->second[0];
}

template <>
const std::vector<const Tensor*> ExecutionContext::MultiInput<Tensor>(
    const std::string& name) const {
  LogVarUsageIfUnusedVarCheckEnabled(name);

  auto vars = MultiInputVar(name);
  if (vars.size() == 0) {
    return {};
  }
  std::vector<const Tensor*> res;
  res.reserve(vars.size());
  std::transform(vars.begin(),
                 vars.end(),
                 std::back_inserter(res),
                 [&](const Variable* var) -> const Tensor* {
                   if (var == nullptr) return nullptr;
                   PADDLE_ENFORCE_EQ(var->IsType<LoDTensor>(),
                                     true,
                                     platform::errors::InvalidArgument(
                                         "Input variable should be LoDTensor, "
                                         "but the received type is %s.",
                                         ToTypeName(var->Type())));
                   return &(var->Get<LoDTensor>());
                 });
  return res;
}

template <>
std::vector<Tensor*> ExecutionContext::MultiOutput<Tensor>(
    const std::string& name) const {
  auto vars = MultiOutputVar(name);

  if (vars.size() == 0) {
    return {};
  }
  std::vector<Tensor*> res;
  res.reserve(vars.size());
  std::transform(vars.begin(),
                 vars.end(),
                 std::back_inserter(res),
                 [&](Variable* var) -> Tensor* {
                   return var == nullptr ? nullptr
                                         : var->GetMutable<LoDTensor>();
                 });
  return res;
}

bool OpSupportGPU(const std::string& op_type) {
  // check in new Function kernel first
  bool has_phi_kernel = false;
  auto& kernel_factory = phi::KernelFactory::Instance();
  auto kernel_key_map =
      kernel_factory.SelectKernelMap(phi::TransToPhiKernelName(op_type));
  for (auto& kernel : kernel_key_map) {
    has_phi_kernel = true;
    if (platform::is_gpu_place(phi::TransToPhiPlace(kernel.first.backend()))) {
      return true;
    }
  }

  auto& all_kernels = OperatorWithKernel::AllOpKernels();
  auto it = all_kernels.find(op_type);
  if (it != all_kernels.end()) {
    for (auto& kern_pair : it->second) {
      if (platform::is_gpu_place(kern_pair.first.place_)) {
        return true;
      }
    }
  } else {
    if (has_phi_kernel) {
      // if has phi kernel, but not find phi gpu kernel and fluid gpu kernel,
      // this op doesn't support GPU
      return false;
    } else {
      // All control operator must support GPU
      return true;
    }
  }

  return false;
}

class RuntimeInferShapeContext : public InferShapeContext {
 public:
  RuntimeInferShapeContext(const OperatorBase& op, const RuntimeContext& ctx)
      : op_(op), ctx_(ctx) {}

  bool HasInput(const std::string& name) const override {
    // has only one input
    const auto& ins = ctx_.inputs;
    auto it = ins.find(name);
    if (it == ins.end()) {
      return false;
    }
    const auto& in = it->second;
    if (in.size() == 0) return false;
    PADDLE_ENFORCE_EQ(
        in.size(),
        1UL,
        platform::errors::InvalidArgument(
            "Input %s should not contain more than one inputs.", name));
    return in[0] != nullptr;
  }

  bool HasOutput(const std::string& name) const override {
    // has only one output
    const auto& outs = ctx_.outputs;
    auto it = outs.find(name);
    if (it == outs.end()) {
      return false;
    }
    const auto& out = it->second;
    if (out.size() == 0) {
      return false;
    }
    PADDLE_ENFORCE_EQ(
        out.size(),
        1UL,
        platform::errors::InvalidArgument(
            "Output %s should not contain more than one outputs.", name));
    return out[0] != nullptr;
  }

  bool HasAttr(const std::string& name) const override {
    return op_.HasAttr(name);
  }

  bool HasInputs(const std::string& name) const override {
    const auto& ins = ctx_.inputs;
    auto it = ins.find(name);
    if (it == ins.end() || it->second.empty()) {
      return false;
    }
    for (auto& input : it->second) {
      if (input == nullptr) {
        return false;
      }
    }
    return true;
  }

  bool HasOutputs(const std::string& name,
                  bool allow_null = false) const override {
    const auto& outs = ctx_.outputs;
    auto it = outs.find(name);
    if (it == outs.end() || it->second.empty()) {
      return false;
    }
    if (allow_null) {
      for (auto& output : it->second) {
        if (output != nullptr) return true;
      }
      return false;
    } else {
      for (auto& output : it->second) {
        if (output == nullptr) return false;
      }
      return true;
    }
  }

  AttrReader Attrs() const override { return AttrReader(op_.Attrs()); }

  std::vector<std::string> Inputs(const std::string& name) const override {
    return op_.Inputs(name);
  }

  std::vector<std::string> Outputs(const std::string& name) const override {
    return op_.Outputs(name);
  }

  std::string GetInputNameByIdx(size_t idx) const override {
    auto& op_proto =
        paddle::framework::OpInfoMap::Instance().Get(op_.Type()).proto_;
    PADDLE_ENFORCE_LT(idx,
                      op_proto->inputs().size(),
                      platform::errors::OutOfRange(
                          "The index should be less than the size of inputs of "
                          "operator %s, but got index is %d and size is %d",
                          op_.Type(),
                          idx,
                          op_proto->inputs().size()));
    return op_proto->inputs()[idx].name();
  }

  std::string GetOutputNameByIdx(size_t idx) const override {
    auto& op_proto =
        paddle::framework::OpInfoMap::Instance().Get(op_.Type()).proto_;
    PADDLE_ENFORCE_LT(
        idx,
        op_proto->outputs().size(),
        platform::errors::OutOfRange(
            "The index should be less than the size of outputs of "
            "operator %s, but got index is %d and size is %d",
            op_.Type(),
            idx,
            op_proto->outputs().size()));
    return op_proto->outputs()[idx].name();
  }

  void ShareDim(const std::string& in,
                const std::string& out,
                size_t i = 0,
                size_t j = 0) override {
    auto in_it = ctx_.inputs.find(in);
    auto out_it = ctx_.outputs.find(out);
    PADDLE_ENFORCE_NE(
        in_it,
        ctx_.inputs.end(),
        platform::errors::NotFound("Input %s does not exist.", in));
    PADDLE_ENFORCE_NE(
        out_it,
        ctx_.outputs.end(),
        platform::errors::NotFound("Output %s does not exist.", out));
    PADDLE_ENFORCE_LT(i,
                      in_it->second.size(),
                      platform::errors::InvalidArgument(
                          "The index of input dimension is out of range, "
                          "excepted index less than %zu, but received %zu.",
                          in_it->second.size(),
                          i));
    PADDLE_ENFORCE_LT(j,
                      out_it->second.size(),
                      platform::errors::InvalidArgument(
                          "The index of output dimension is out of range, "
                          "excepted index less than %zu, but received %zu.",
                          out_it->second.size(),
                          j));

    Variable* in_var = in_it->second[i];
    Variable* out_var = out_it->second[j];

    PADDLE_ENFORCE_EQ(
        in_var->Type(),
        out_var->Type(),
        platform::errors::InvalidArgument(
            "The type of input (%s) and output (%s) are inconsistent.",
            in,
            out));

    if (in_var->IsType<phi::SelectedRows>()) {
      auto& in_sele_rows = in_var->Get<phi::SelectedRows>();
      auto out_sele_rows = out_var->GetMutable<phi::SelectedRows>();
      out_sele_rows->mutable_value()->Resize(in_sele_rows.value().dims());
      out_sele_rows->set_rows(in_sele_rows.rows());
      out_sele_rows->set_height(in_sele_rows.height());
    } else if (in_var->IsType<framework::LoDTensor>()) {
      auto& in_lod_tensor = in_var->Get<framework::LoDTensor>();
      auto* out_lod_tensor = out_var->GetMutable<framework::LoDTensor>();
      out_lod_tensor->Resize(in_lod_tensor.dims());
    } else {
      PADDLE_THROW(platform::errors::Unimplemented(
          "Currently, the input type of ShareDim only can be LoDTensor "
          "or SelectedRows."));
    }
  }

  void ShareAllLoD(const std::string& in,
                   const std::string& out) const override {
    auto in_it = ctx_.inputs.find(in);
    auto out_it = ctx_.outputs.find(out);
    PADDLE_ENFORCE_NE(in_it,
                      ctx_.inputs.end(),
                      platform::errors::NotFound(
                          "Input [%s] found error in Op [%s]", in, op_.Type()));
    PADDLE_ENFORCE_NE(
        out_it,
        ctx_.outputs.end(),
        platform::errors::NotFound(
            "Output [%s] found error in Op [%s]", out, op_.Type()));

    auto& in_var_list = in_it->second;
    auto& out_var_list = out_it->second;

    PADDLE_ENFORCE_EQ(
        in_var_list.size(),
        out_var_list.size(),
        platform::errors::PreconditionNotMet(
            "Op [%s]: Input var size should be equal with output var size",
            op_.Type()));

    auto& out_var_names = op_.Outputs(out);

    for (size_t i = 0; i < in_var_list.size(); ++i) {
      if (out_var_names[i] == framework::kEmptyVarName) {
        continue;
      }

      Variable* in_var = in_var_list[i];
      if (!in_var->IsType<LoDTensor>()) return;
      Variable* out_var = out_var_list[i];
      PADDLE_ENFORCE_EQ(out_var->IsType<LoDTensor>(),
                        true,
                        platform::errors::PreconditionNotMet(
                            "The %d-th output of Output(%s) must be LoDTensor.",
                            i,
                            out_var_names[i]));
      auto& in_tensor = in_var->Get<LoDTensor>();
      auto* out_tensor = out_var->GetMutable<LoDTensor>();
      out_tensor->set_lod(in_tensor.lod());
#ifdef PADDLE_WITH_MKLDNN
      if (in_tensor.layout() != DataLayout::kMKLDNN)
#endif
        out_tensor->set_layout(in_tensor.layout());
    }
  }

  void ShareLoD(const std::string& in,
                const std::string& out,
                size_t i = 0,
                size_t j = 0) const override {
    auto in_it = ctx_.inputs.find(in);
    auto out_it = ctx_.outputs.find(out);
    PADDLE_ENFORCE_NE(
        in_it,
        ctx_.inputs.end(),
        platform::errors::NotFound("Input %s does not exist.", in));
    PADDLE_ENFORCE_NE(
        out_it,
        ctx_.outputs.end(),
        platform::errors::NotFound("Output %s does not exist.", out));
    PADDLE_ENFORCE_LT(i,
                      in_it->second.size(),
                      platform::errors::InvalidArgument(
                          "The index of input dimension is out of range, "
                          "excepted index less than %zu, but received %zu.",
                          in_it->second.size(),
                          i));
    PADDLE_ENFORCE_LT(j,
                      out_it->second.size(),
                      platform::errors::InvalidArgument(
                          "The index of output dimension is out of range, "
                          "excepted index less than %zu, but received %zu.",
                          out_it->second.size(),
                          j));

    Variable* in_var = in_it->second.at(i);
    if (!in_var->IsType<LoDTensor>()) return;
    Variable* out_var = out_it->second.at(j);
    PADDLE_ENFORCE_EQ(
        out_var->IsType<LoDTensor>(),
        true,
        platform::errors::InvalidArgument(
            "The %zu-th output of Output(%s) must be LoDTensor.", j, out));
    auto& in_tensor = in_var->Get<LoDTensor>();
    auto* out_tensor = out_var->GetMutable<LoDTensor>();
    out_tensor->set_lod(in_tensor.lod());

// TODO(dzhwinter) : reuse ShareLoD in most operators.
// Need to call ShareLayout explicitly in sequence related ops.
// Shall we have a better method to shared info between in/out Tensor?
#ifdef PADDLE_WITH_MKLDNN
    // Fix me: ugly workaround below
    // Correct solution:
    //    set_layout() should NOT be called here (i.e. ShareLoD). Instead,
    //    layout of output tensor should be set "manually" in Compute()
    //    of each OPKernel. The reason layout should NOT be shared between
    //    input and output "automatically" (now by InferShape()->ShareLoD())
    //    is that layout transform may occur after InferShape().
    // Workaround:
    //    Skip set_layout() when input layout is kMKLDNN
    //    This is to avoid kMKLDNN is populated wrongly into a non-MKLDNN
    //    OPKernel. In all MKLDNN OPkernel, set_layout(kMKLDNN) should be called
    //    in Compute()
    if (in_tensor.layout() != DataLayout::kMKLDNN)
#endif
      out_tensor->set_layout(in_tensor.layout());
  }

  int32_t GetLoDLevel(const std::string& in, size_t i = 0) const override {
    PADDLE_THROW(platform::errors::PreconditionNotMet(
        "GetLoDLevel is only used in compile time. The calculation of "
        "output's actual lod is different among operators so that should be "
        "set in the runtime kernel."));
  }

  void SetLoDLevel(const std::string& out,
                   int32_t lod_level,
                   size_t j = 0) const override {
    PADDLE_THROW(platform::errors::PreconditionNotMet(
        "SetLoDLevel is only used in compile time. The calculation of "
        "output's actual lod is different among operators so that should be "
        "set in the runtime kernel."));
  }

  bool IsRuntime() const override { return true; }

  bool IsRunMKLDNNKernel() const override {
    try {
      auto& op_with_kernel = dynamic_cast<const OperatorWithKernel&>(op_);
      return ((op_with_kernel.kernel_type()) &&
              (op_with_kernel.kernel_type()->data_layout_ ==
               framework::DataLayout::kMKLDNN));
    } catch (const std::bad_cast& exp) {
      return false;
    }
  }

  // TODO(paddle-dev): Can this be template?
  paddle::small_vector<InferShapeVarPtr, phi::kInputSmallVectorSize>
  GetInputVarPtrs(const std::string& name) const override {
    const std::vector<Variable*>& vars = InputVars(name);
    paddle::small_vector<InferShapeVarPtr, phi::kInputSmallVectorSize> res;
    res.reserve(vars.size());
    res.insert(res.begin(), vars.begin(), vars.end());
    return res;
  }

  paddle::small_vector<InferShapeVarPtr, phi::kOutputSmallVectorSize>
  GetOutputVarPtrs(const std::string& name) const override {
    const std::vector<Variable*>& vars = OutputVars(name);
    paddle::small_vector<InferShapeVarPtr, phi::kOutputSmallVectorSize> res;
    res.reserve(vars.size());
    res.insert(res.begin(), vars.begin(), vars.end());
    return res;
  }

  DDim GetInputDim(const std::string& name) const override {
    const std::vector<Variable*>& vars = InputVars(name);
    PADDLE_ENFORCE_EQ(
        vars.size(),
        1UL,
        platform::errors::InvalidArgument(
            "Input(%s) should hold one element, but now it holds %zu elements.",
            name,
            vars.size()));
    return this->GetDim(vars[0]);
  }

  std::vector<DDim> GetInputsDim(const std::string& name) const override {
    const std::vector<Variable*>& vars = InputVars(name);
    return GetDims(vars);
  }

  proto::VarType::Type GetInputVarType(const std::string& name) const override {
    return GetVarType(InputVars(name).at(0));
  }

  std::vector<proto::VarType::Type> GetInputsVarType(
      const std::string& name) const override {
    return GetVarTypes(InputVars(name));
  }

  std::vector<proto::VarType::Type> GetOutputsVarType(
      const std::string& name) const override {
    return GetVarTypes(OutputVars(name));
  }

  void SetOutputDim(const std::string& name, const DDim& dim) override {
    auto& vars = OutputVars(name);
    PADDLE_ENFORCE_EQ(
        vars.size(),
        1UL,
        platform::errors::InvalidArgument("Output(%s) should hold one element, "
                                          "but now it holds %zu elements.",
                                          name,
                                          vars.size()));
    SetDim(vars[0], dim);
  }

  void SetOutputsDim(const std::string& name,
                     const std::vector<DDim>& dims) override {
    auto& vars = OutputVars(name);
    SetDims(vars, dims);
  }

  const phi::ArgumentMappingFn* GetPhiArgumentMappingFn() const override {
    return phi::OpUtilsMap::Instance().GetArgumentMappingFn(op_.Type());
  }

  const phi::KernelSignature* GetPhiDefaultKernelSignature() const override {
    return &phi::DefaultKernelSignatureMap::Instance().Get(op_.Type());
  }

 protected:
  DDim GetDim(Variable* var) const {
    PADDLE_ENFORCE_NOT_NULL(
        var, platform::errors::InvalidArgument("Input variable is nullptr."));
    if (var->IsType<LoDTensor>()) {
      return var->Get<LoDTensor>().dims();
    } else if (var->IsType<phi::SelectedRows>()) {
      return var->Get<phi::SelectedRows>().GetCompleteDims();
    } else {
      PADDLE_THROW(platform::errors::InvalidArgument(
          "Only LoDTensor or SelectedRows support 'GetDim', but input "
          "Variable's type is %s.",
          ToTypeName(var->Type())));
    }
  }

  std::vector<DDim> GetDims(const std::vector<Variable*>& vars) const {
    std::vector<DDim> ret;
    ret.reserve(vars.size());
    std::transform(vars.begin(),
                   vars.end(),
                   std::back_inserter(ret),
                   [this](Variable* var) { return this->GetDim(var); });
    return ret;
  }

  std::vector<DDim> GetRepeatedDims(const std::string& name) const override {
    PADDLE_THROW(platform::errors::PreconditionNotMet(
        "GetRepeatedDims method only ban be used in compile time."));
  }

  void SetDim(Variable* var, const DDim& dim) {
    if (var->IsType<LoDTensor>()) {
      var->GetMutable<LoDTensor>()->Resize(dim);
    } else if (var->IsType<phi::SelectedRows>()) {
      var->GetMutable<phi::SelectedRows>()->set_height(dim[0]);
    } else {
      PADDLE_THROW(platform::errors::Unimplemented(
          "Variable type error, expect LoDTensor or SelectedRows, but received "
          "(%s).",
          ToTypeName(var->Type())));
    }
  }

  void SetDims(const std::vector<Variable*>& vars,
               const std::vector<DDim>& dims) {
    size_t length = vars.size();
    PADDLE_ENFORCE_EQ(length,
                      dims.size(),
                      platform::errors::InvalidArgument(
                          "The number of input variables do not match the "
                          "number of input dimensions, the number of variables "
                          "is %zu, the number of dimensions is %zu.",
                          length,
                          dims.size()));
    for (size_t i = 0; i < length; ++i) {
      if (vars[i] == nullptr) {
        continue;
      }
      SetDim(vars[i], dims[i]);
    }
  }

  void SetRepeatedDims(const std::string& name,
                       const std::vector<DDim>& dims) override {
    PADDLE_THROW(platform::errors::PreconditionNotMet(
        "SetRepeatedDims method only can be used in compile time."));
  }

  std::vector<proto::VarType::Type> GetVarTypes(
      const std::vector<Variable*>& vars) const {
    std::vector<proto::VarType::Type> retv;
    retv.resize(vars.size());
    std::transform(vars.begin(),
                   vars.end(),
                   retv.begin(),
                   std::bind(std::mem_fn(&RuntimeInferShapeContext::GetVarType),
                             this,
                             std::placeholders::_1));
    return retv;
  }

  proto::VarType::Type GetVarType(Variable* var) const {
    return ToVarType(var->Type());
  }

 private:
  const std::vector<Variable*>& InputVars(const std::string& name) const {
    auto it = ctx_.inputs.find(name);
    PADDLE_ENFORCE_NE(
        it,
        ctx_.inputs.end(),
        platform::errors::NotFound(
            "Operator (%s) does not have the input (%s).", op_.Type(), name));
    return it->second;
  }

  const std::vector<Variable*>& OutputVars(const std::string& name) const {
    auto it = ctx_.outputs.find(name);
    PADDLE_ENFORCE_NE(
        it,
        ctx_.outputs.end(),
        platform::errors::NotFound(
            "Operator (%s) does not have the outputs (%s).", op_.Type(), name));
    return it->second;
  }

  const OperatorBase& op_;
  const RuntimeContext& ctx_;
};

struct OperatorWithKernel::CacheImpl {
  explicit CacheImpl(phi::KernelContext* kernel_ctx,
                     RuntimeInferShapeContext* infer_shape_ctx)
      : kernel_ctx_(kernel_ctx), infer_shape_ctx_(infer_shape_ctx) {}

  phi::KernelContext* getKernelContext() { return kernel_ctx_.get(); }
  RuntimeInferShapeContext* getRuntimeInferShapeContext() {
    return infer_shape_ctx_.get();
  }

 private:
  std::unique_ptr<phi::KernelContext> kernel_ctx_;
  std::unique_ptr<RuntimeInferShapeContext> infer_shape_ctx_;
};

static void CheckTensorNANOrInf(const std::string& op_type,
                                const std::string& name,
                                const framework::Tensor& tensor) {
  if (tensor.memory_size() == 0) {
    return;
  }
  if (framework::TransToProtoVarType(tensor.dtype()) != proto::VarType::FP32 &&
      framework::TransToProtoVarType(tensor.dtype()) != proto::VarType::FP64) {
    return;
  }
  PADDLE_ENFORCE_NE(
      framework::TensorContainsInf(tensor),
      true,
      platform::errors::Fatal(
          "Operator %s output Tensor %s contains Inf.", op_type, name));
  PADDLE_ENFORCE_NE(
      framework::TensorContainsNAN(tensor),
      true,
      platform::errors::Fatal(
          "Operator %s output Tensor %s contains NAN.", op_type, name));
}

bool OperatorWithKernel::SupportGPU() const {
  auto phi_kernels = phi::KernelFactory::Instance().SelectKernelMap(
      phi::TransToPhiKernelName(type_));
  auto has_phi_kernel =
      std::any_of(phi_kernels.begin(),
                  phi_kernels.end(),
                  [](phi::KernelKeyMap::const_reference kern_pair) {
                    return kern_pair.first.backend() == phi::Backend::GPU;
                  });
  if (has_phi_kernel) {
    return true;
  } else {
    auto kernel_iter = OperatorWithKernel::AllOpKernels().find(type_);
    if (kernel_iter == OperatorWithKernel::AllOpKernels().end()) {
      return false;
    } else {
      auto& op_kernels = kernel_iter->second;
      return std::any_of(
          op_kernels.begin(),
          op_kernels.end(),
          [](OpKernelMap::const_reference kern_pair) {
            return platform::is_gpu_place(kern_pair.first.place_);
          });
    }
  }
}

bool OperatorWithKernel::SupportNPU() const {
  auto phi_kernels = phi::KernelFactory::Instance().SelectKernelMap(
      phi::TransToPhiKernelName(type_));
  auto has_phi_kernel =
      std::any_of(phi_kernels.begin(),
                  phi_kernels.end(),
                  [](phi::KernelKeyMap::const_reference kern_pair) {
                    return kern_pair.first.backend() == phi::Backend::NPU;
                  });
  if (has_phi_kernel) {
    return true;
  } else {
    auto kernel_iter = OperatorWithKernel::AllOpKernels().find(type_);
    if (kernel_iter == OperatorWithKernel::AllOpKernels().end()) {
      return false;
    } else {
      auto& op_kernels = kernel_iter->second;
      return std::any_of(
          op_kernels.begin(),
          op_kernels.end(),
          [](OpKernelMap::const_reference kern_pair) {
            return platform::is_npu_place(kern_pair.first.place_);
          });
    }
  }
}

bool OperatorWithKernel::SupportsMKLDNN(
    const proto::VarType::Type data_type) const {
  auto phi_kernels = phi::KernelFactory::Instance().SelectKernelMap(
      phi::TransToPhiKernelName(type_));
  auto has_phi_kernel =
      std::any_of(phi_kernels.begin(),
                  phi_kernels.end(),
                  [](phi::KernelKeyMap::const_reference kern_pair) {
                    return kern_pair.first.backend() == phi::Backend::ONEDNN;
                  });
  if (has_phi_kernel) {
    return true;
  } else {
    auto op_kernel_iter = OperatorWithKernel::AllOpKernels().find(type_);
    if (op_kernel_iter == OperatorWithKernel::AllOpKernels().end()) {
      return false;
    } else {
      auto& op_kernels = op_kernel_iter->second;
      return std::any_of(
          op_kernels.begin(),
          op_kernels.end(),
          [data_type](OpKernelMap::const_reference kern_pair) {
            return platform::is_cpu_place(kern_pair.first.place_) &&
                   kern_pair.first.library_type_ == LibraryType::kMKLDNN &&
                   kern_pair.first.data_type_ == data_type;
          });
    }
  }
}

bool OperatorWithKernel::SupportsKernelType(
    const OpKernelType& kernel_type) const {
  auto& all_op_kernels = AllOpKernels();
  auto kernels_iter = all_op_kernels.find(type_);
  if (kernels_iter == all_op_kernels.end()) return false;
  OpKernelMap& kernels = kernels_iter->second;
  auto kernel_iter = kernels.find(kernel_type);

#if defined(PADDLE_WITH_XPU) && !defined(PADDLE_WITH_XPU_KP)
  if (paddle::platform::is_xpu_place(kernel_type.place_)) {
    return kernel_iter != kernels.end() &&
           paddle::platform::is_xpu_support_op(type_, kernel_type) &&
           !paddle::platform::is_in_xpu_black_list(type_);
  }
#endif

#ifdef PADDLE_WITH_XPU_KP
  if (paddle::platform::is_xpu_place(kernel_type.place_)) {
    bool use_xpu_kp_kernel_rt =
        FLAGS_run_kp_kernel &&
        paddle::platform::is_xpu_kp_support_op(type_, kernel_type);
    bool use_xpu_kp_kernel_debug =
        paddle::platform::is_in_xpu_kpwhite_list(type_);
    bool is_xpu_kp_support = (use_xpu_kp_kernel_rt || use_xpu_kp_kernel_debug);
    if (is_xpu_kp_support) {
      auto tmp_kernel_type = kernel_type;
      tmp_kernel_type.library_type_ = LibraryType::kKP;
      return kernels.find(tmp_kernel_type) != kernels.end();
    }
    return kernel_iter != kernels.end() &&
           paddle::platform::is_xpu_support_op(type_, kernel_type) &&
           !paddle::platform::is_in_xpu_black_list(type_);
  }
#endif

  return kernel_iter != kernels.end();
}

bool OperatorWithKernel::CanMKLDNNBeUsed(const framework::ExecutionContext& ctx,
                                         proto::VarType::Type data_type) const {
  const auto& attrs_map = ctx.Attrs();
  auto iter = attrs_map.find("use_mkldnn");
  bool use_mkldnn_ctx = iter != attrs_map.end() &&
                        PADDLE_GET_CONST(bool, iter->second) &&
                        platform::is_cpu_place(ctx.GetPlace());
  return use_mkldnn_ctx && this->SupportsMKLDNN(data_type);
}

void OperatorWithKernel::InferShape(InferShapeContext* ctx) const {
  PADDLE_THROW(platform::errors::PermissionDenied(
      "The default InferShape function of OperatorWithKernel is not allowed to "
      "be called, please override corresponding InferShape function in the "
      "specific operator."));
}

void OperatorWithKernel::RuntimeInferShape(const Scope& scope,
                                           const platform::Place& place,
                                           const RuntimeContext& ctx) const {
  RuntimeInferShapeContext infer_shape_ctx(*this, ctx);
  this->Info().infer_shape_(&infer_shape_ctx);
}

void OperatorWithKernel::RunImpl(const Scope& scope,
                                 const platform::Place& place) const {
  // To reduce the elapsed time of HasAttr, we use bool variable to record the
  // result of HasAttr.
  if (!enable_cache_runtime_context_ && HasAttr(kEnableCacheRuntimeContext))
    enable_cache_runtime_context_ = true;
  if (!all_kernels_must_compute_runtime_shape_ &&
      HasAttr(kAllKernelsMustComputeRuntimeShape))
    all_kernels_must_compute_runtime_shape_ = true;
  const Scope* cur_scope = &scope;
  if (!enable_cache_runtime_context_) {
    RuntimeContext ctx(Inputs(), Outputs(), scope);
    RunImpl(scope, place, &ctx);
    pre_scope_ = cur_scope;
  } else if (run_phi_kernel_ && impl_ != nullptr && !need_prepare_data_ &&
             !need_prepare_phi_data_) {
    if (!all_kernels_must_compute_runtime_shape_)
      this->Info().infer_shape_(impl_->getRuntimeInferShapeContext());
    (*pt_kernel_)(impl_->getKernelContext());
  } else {
    if (runtime_ctx_.get() == nullptr || pre_scope_ != cur_scope) {
      std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(cache_update_mutex_);
      if (runtime_ctx_.get() == nullptr || pre_scope_ != cur_scope) {
        runtime_ctx_.reset(new RuntimeContext(Inputs(), Outputs(), scope));
        pre_scope_ = cur_scope;
      }
    }
    RunImpl(scope, place, runtime_ctx_.get());
  }
}

void OperatorWithKernel::RunImpl(const Scope& scope,
                                 const platform::Place& place,
                                 RuntimeContext* runtime_ctx) const {
  platform::DeviceContextPool& pool = platform::DeviceContextPool::Instance();
  auto* dev_ctx = pool.Get(place);

#ifdef PADDLE_WITH_ASCEND_CL
  // NOTE(wangxi): nan/inf cannot be detected on NPU by checking the variable
  // values, but only through special `float_status` to checks whether
  // the operation is overflow. More about `float_status`, see:
  // https://gitee.com/ascend/modelzoo/issues/I3NF8V?from=project-issue
  if (FLAGS_check_nan_inf) {
    framework::details::NPUAllocAndClearFloatStatus(*this, scope, place);
  }
#endif

  auto exe_ctx = ExecutionContext(*this, scope, *dev_ctx, *runtime_ctx);
  // using cache
  if (kernel_type_.get()) {
    dev_ctx = pool.Get(kernel_type_->place_);
  }

// TODO(Liu-xiandong): Now we are using too much if-else and hard code in XPU
// device, it's ugly, and we will refactor in the future.
#if defined(PADDLE_WITH_XPU_KP)
  bool use_phi_xpu_kp = false;
#endif

  // TODO(chenweihang): Now we are still reusing a lot of the original fluid
  // implementation, this is a gradual replacement process
  // TODO(chenweihang): in the first phase of project, we only support CPU, CUDA
  // and RCOM backend, the XPU, NPU and MKLDNN will be supported in the second
  // phase
  phi::KernelKey pt_kernel_key;
  std::string pt_kernel_name;
  if (phi::KernelFactory::Instance().HasCompatiblePhiKernel(type_)) {
    if (kernel_signature_ == nullptr || pt_kernel_ == nullptr) {
      kernel_signature_.reset(new phi::KernelSignature(
          std::move(GetExpectedPhiKernelArgs(exe_ctx))));
      VLOG(6) << *kernel_signature_.get();

      kernel_type_.reset(
          new OpKernelType(std::move(InnerGetExpectedKernelType(exe_ctx))));
      dev_ctx = pool.Get(kernel_type_->place_);

      pt_kernel_name = kernel_signature_->name;
// NOTE(Liu-xiandong): The register kernel used KP have library_type[KP],
// But the default library_type is Plain, so we need to modify the
// library_type here, otherwise it can't work.
#ifdef PADDLE_WITH_XPU_KP
      if (paddle::platform::is_xpu_place(kernel_type_->place_)) {
        bool use_xpu_kp_kernel_rt =
            FLAGS_run_kp_kernel &&
            paddle::platform::is_xpu_kp_support_op(type_, *kernel_type_);
        bool use_xpu_kp_kernel_debug =
            paddle::platform::is_in_xpu_kpwhite_list(type_);
        if (use_xpu_kp_kernel_rt) {
          VLOG(3) << "phi xpu_kp using rt mode in static graph";
        }
        if (use_xpu_kp_kernel_debug) {
          VLOG(3) << "phi xpu_kp using debug mode in static graph";
        }
        bool is_xpu_kp_support =
            (use_xpu_kp_kernel_rt || use_xpu_kp_kernel_debug);
        if (is_xpu_kp_support) {
          auto expected_kernel_key_library_type = kernel_type_->library_type_;
          kernel_type_->library_type_ = LibraryType::kKP;
          VLOG(3) << "modifing XPU KP kernel in static graph: "
                  << pt_kernel_name
                  << ", using_kernel_key:" << *kernel_type_.get();
          auto try_pt_kernel_key =
              TransOpKernelTypeToPhiKernelKey(*kernel_type_.get());
          if (!phi::KernelFactory::Instance().HasKernel(pt_kernel_name,
                                                        try_pt_kernel_key)) {
            kernel_type_->library_type_ = expected_kernel_key_library_type;
            VLOG(3) << "modify XPU KP kernel in static graph: "
                    << pt_kernel_name << " is failed " << *kernel_type_.get();
          } else {
            use_phi_xpu_kp = true;
            VLOG(3) << "modify XPU KP kernel in static graph: "
                    << pt_kernel_name << " is succeed " << *kernel_type_.get();
          }
        }
      }
#endif
      pt_kernel_key = TransOpKernelTypeToPhiKernelKey(*kernel_type_.get());
      pt_kernel_.reset(
          new phi::Kernel(phi::KernelFactory::Instance().SelectKernel(
              pt_kernel_name, pt_kernel_key)));

      if (pt_kernel_->IsValid()) {
        VLOG(6) << "Static mode ChoosePhiKernel - kernel name: "
                << pt_kernel_name << " | kernel key: " << pt_kernel_key
                << " | kernel: " << *pt_kernel_;
      } else {
        VLOG(6) << "Static mode ChoosePhiKernel - kernel `" << pt_kernel_name
                << "` not found.";
      }
    } else {
      pt_kernel_name = kernel_signature_->name;
// NOTE(Liu-xiandong):In my ctest, this branch do not be executed,
// I can't understand it, it's really confusing.
// But we still need to keep this to avoid errors.
#ifdef PADDLE_WITH_XPU_KP
      if (paddle::platform::is_xpu_place(kernel_type_->place_)) {
        bool use_xpu_kp_kernel_rt =
            FLAGS_run_kp_kernel &&
            paddle::platform::is_xpu_kp_support_op(type_, *kernel_type_);
        bool use_xpu_kp_kernel_debug =
            paddle::platform::is_in_xpu_kpwhite_list(type_);
        if (use_xpu_kp_kernel_rt) {
          VLOG(3) << "phi xpu_kp using rt mode in static graph";
        }
        if (use_xpu_kp_kernel_debug) {
          VLOG(3) << "phi xpu_kp using debug mode in static graph";
        }
        bool is_xpu_kp_support =
            (use_xpu_kp_kernel_rt || use_xpu_kp_kernel_debug);
        if (is_xpu_kp_support) {
          auto expected_kernel_key_library_type = kernel_type_->library_type_;
          kernel_type_->library_type_ = LibraryType::kKP;
          VLOG(3) << "modifing XPU KP kernel in static graph: "
                  << pt_kernel_name
                  << ", using_kernel_key:" << *kernel_type_.get();
          auto try_pt_kernel_key =
              TransOpKernelTypeToPhiKernelKey(*kernel_type_.get());
          if (!phi::KernelFactory::Instance().HasKernel(pt_kernel_name,
                                                        try_pt_kernel_key)) {
            kernel_type_->library_type_ = expected_kernel_key_library_type;
            VLOG(3) << "modify XPU KP kernel in static graph: "
                    << pt_kernel_name << " is failed " << *kernel_type_.get();
          } else {
            use_phi_xpu_kp = true;
            VLOG(3) << "modify XPU KP kernel in static graph: "
                    << pt_kernel_name << " is succeed " << *kernel_type_.get();
          }
        }
      }
#endif
      pt_kernel_key = TransOpKernelTypeToPhiKernelKey(*kernel_type_.get());
    }

// NOTE(Liu-xiandong): Determine whether the selected kernel is valid
// If not, use the kernel registered in fluid. And if the fluid do not
// contains the related heterogeneous kernel, use phi CPU kernel.
#if defined(PADDLE_WITH_XPU)
    bool is_xpu_unsupport =
        paddle::platform::is_xpu_place(kernel_type_->place_) &&
            !paddle::platform::is_xpu_support_op(type_, *kernel_type_.get()) ||
        paddle::platform::is_in_xpu_black_list(type_);
#endif
#ifdef PADDLE_WITH_XPU_KP
    bool use_xpu_kp_kernel_rt =
        paddle::platform::is_xpu_place(kernel_type_->place_) &&
        FLAGS_run_kp_kernel &&
        paddle::platform::is_xpu_kp_support_op(type_, *kernel_type_);
    bool use_xpu_kp_kernel_debug =
        paddle::platform::is_xpu_place(kernel_type_->place_) &&
        paddle::platform::is_in_xpu_kpwhite_list(type_);
    bool is_xpu_kp_support = (use_xpu_kp_kernel_rt || use_xpu_kp_kernel_debug);
#endif

    if (pt_kernel_->IsValid()
#if defined(PADDLE_WITH_XPU) && !defined(PADDLE_WITH_XPU_KP)
        && !is_xpu_unsupport
#endif
#if defined(PADDLE_WITH_XPU_KP)
        && (!is_xpu_unsupport || use_phi_xpu_kp)
#endif
    ) {
      run_phi_kernel_ = true;
    } else {
      auto& all_op_kernels = AllOpKernels();
      auto kernels_iter = all_op_kernels.find(type_);

// NOTE(Liu-xiandong): If we can't find heterogeneous kernel in phi,
// we need to select the heterogeneous kernel in fluid, but the kernel
// registered in KP use library_type[KP], we need to modify it.
#ifdef PADDLE_WITH_XPU_KP
      if (is_xpu_kp_support) {
        kernel_type_->library_type_ = LibraryType::kKP;
      }
#endif

      if (kernels_iter == all_op_kernels.end() ||
          kernels_iter->second.find(*kernel_type_.get()) ==
              kernels_iter->second.end()
#if defined(PADDLE_WITH_XPU) && !defined(PADDLE_WITH_XPU_KP)
          || is_xpu_unsupport
#endif
#if defined(PADDLE_WITH_XPU_KP)
          || (is_xpu_unsupport && !is_xpu_kp_support)
#endif
      ) {
        auto pt_cpu_kernel_key =
            FallBackToCpu(*kernel_type_.get(), pt_kernel_key, *this);
        pt_kernel_.reset(
            new phi::Kernel(phi::KernelFactory::Instance().SelectKernel(
                pt_kernel_name, pt_cpu_kernel_key)));

        dev_ctx = pool.Get(platform::CPUPlace());
        if (pt_kernel_->IsValid()) {
          VLOG(6) << "Static mode PrepareImpl - kernel name: " << pt_kernel_name
                  << " | kernel key: " << pt_cpu_kernel_key
                  << " | kernel: " << *pt_kernel_;
          run_phi_kernel_ = true;
        }
      }
    }
  }
  if (!run_phi_kernel_) {
    if (kernel_type_.get() == nullptr || kernel_func_.get() == nullptr) {
      ChooseKernel(exe_ctx);
      dev_ctx = pool.Get(kernel_type_->place_);
    }
  }

  // do data transformScope &transfer_scope;
  std::vector<std::string> transfered_inplace_vars;
  Scope* transfer_scope = nullptr;
  {
    platform::RecordEvent record_event("prepare_data",
                                       platform::TracerEventType::OperatorInner,
                                       1,
                                       platform::EventRole::kInnerOp);
    if (need_prepare_data_) {
      transfer_scope = PrepareData(
          scope, *kernel_type_, &transfered_inplace_vars, runtime_ctx);
    }
  }
  // exec scope is the scope that kernel actually executed on.
  const Scope& exec_scope =
      (transfer_scope == nullptr ? scope : *transfer_scope);

  if (!all_kernels_must_compute_runtime_shape_) {
    platform::RecordEvent record_event("infer_shape",
                                       platform::TracerEventType::OperatorInner,
                                       1,
                                       platform::EventRole::kInnerOp);
    RuntimeInferShapeContext infer_shape_ctx(*this, *runtime_ctx);
    this->Info().infer_shape_(&infer_shape_ctx);
    record_event.End();
    platform::RecordOpInfoSupplement(
        Type(), Attrs(), infer_shape_ctx, *runtime_ctx);
  }

  if (FLAGS_enable_unused_var_check) {
    GetThreadLocalUsedVarNameSet()->clear();
  }

  // TODO(panyx0718): ExecutionContext should only depend on RuntimeContext
  // not Scope. Imperative mode only pass inputs and get outputs.
  {
    platform::RecordEvent record_event("compute",
                                       platform::TracerEventType::OperatorInner,
                                       1,
                                       platform::EventRole::kInnerOp);
    if (run_phi_kernel_) {
      phi::KernelContext pt_kernel_context;
      if (enable_cache_runtime_context_ && !need_prepare_phi_data_ &&
          !need_prepare_data_) {
        impl_ =
            new CacheImpl(new phi::KernelContext(),
                          new RuntimeInferShapeContext(*this, *runtime_ctx));
        BuildPhiKernelContext(*runtime_ctx, dev_ctx, impl_->getKernelContext());
        (*pt_kernel_)(impl_->getKernelContext());
      } else {
        phi::KernelContext pt_kernel_context;
        // Do data transform before building KernelContext
        // TODO(zhiqiu): support TransferInplaceVarsBack
        BuildPhiKernelContext(*runtime_ctx, dev_ctx, &pt_kernel_context);
        (*pt_kernel_)(&pt_kernel_context);
      }
    } else {
      (*kernel_func_)(
          ExecutionContext(*this, exec_scope, *dev_ctx, *runtime_ctx));
    }
  }

  if (!transfered_inplace_vars.empty()) {
    // there is inplace variable has been transferred.
    TransferInplaceVarsBack(scope, transfered_inplace_vars, *transfer_scope);
  }

  // See [ Why need handle complex gradient to real gradient? ]
  // Only handle the case where the current kernel data type is complex
  if (framework::IsComplexType(kernel_type_->data_type_)) {
    HandleComplexGradToRealGrad(scope, runtime_ctx);
  }

  if (FLAGS_enable_unused_var_check) {
    // skip op that uses mkldnn because it has different memory reuse strategy.
    // use attr here because some GradMakers (like ActivationGradOpMaker) add
    // input when use_mkldnn=true;
    if (!(HasAttr("use_mkldnn") && Attr<bool>("use_mkldnn"))) {
      CheckUnusedVar(*this, scope);
    }
  }

  /*For profiling/benchmark only*/
  if (FLAGS_benchmark) {
    dev_ctx->Wait();
#if defined(PADDLE_WITH_CUDA) || defined(PADLDE_WITH_ROCM)
    PADDLE_ENFORCE_GPU_SUCCESS(platform::GpuGetLastError());
#endif
    VLOG(4) << "Operator(" << Type() << "): context wait and get last error";
  }

  if (FLAGS_check_nan_inf) {
    framework::details::CheckOpHasNanOrInf(*this, exec_scope, place);
  }

  // To solve issue #15032, have a discussion with @Luotao for cpu inference,
  // do not cache transfer scope, hence in this case delete transfer scope
  // after run to avoid memory leak
  if (transfer_scope && !run_by_executor_ && !enable_cache_transfer_scope_) {
    scope.DeleteScope(transfer_scope);
  }
}

OpKernelType OperatorWithKernel::InnerGetExpectedKernelType(
    const ExecutionContext& ctx) const {
  auto expected_kernel_key = this->GetExpectedKernelType(ctx);
  if (HasAttr("op_device")) {
    if (Attr<std::string>("op_device") == "cpu") {
      expected_kernel_key.place_ = platform::CPUPlace();
    } else if (Attr<std::string>("op_device").find("gpu") !=
               std::string::npos) {
      auto device = Attr<std::string>("op_device");
      size_t pos = device.find(':');
      if (pos != std::string::npos) {
        device = device.substr(0, pos);
        LOG_FIRST_N(WARNING, 1)
            << "Device index is only supported under pipeline parallelism, "
            << "so it will be ignored.";
      }
      // when the Op that only has CPUKernel is assigned to GPU, the CPUKernel
      // will be executed and a warning will be given at the same time.
      expected_kernel_key.place_ = platform::CPUPlace();
#if defined(PADDLE_WITH_CUDA) || defined(PADDLE_WITH_HIP)
      if (SupportGPU()) {
        auto& dev_ctx = ctx.device_context();
        expected_kernel_key.place_ = dev_ctx.GetPlace();
      }
#endif
#ifdef PADDLE_WITH_ASCEND_CL
      if (SupportNPU()) {
        auto& dev_ctx = ctx.device_context();
        expected_kernel_key.place_ = dev_ctx.GetPlace();
      }
#endif
      if (platform::is_cpu_place(expected_kernel_key.place_)) {
        LOG_FIRST_N(WARNING, 1)
            << "Op(" << type_
            << ") has no CUDA implementation. It will be assigned to CPUPlace.";
      }
    }
  }
  VLOG(3) << "op type:" << type_
          << ", expected_kernel_key:" << expected_kernel_key;
  return expected_kernel_key;
}

phi::KernelKey OperatorWithKernel::ChoosePhiKernel(
    const ExecutionContext& ctx) const {
  kernel_signature_.reset(
      new phi::KernelSignature(std::move(GetExpectedPhiKernelArgs(ctx))));
  VLOG(6) << *kernel_signature_.get();

  kernel_type_.reset(
      new OpKernelType(std::move(InnerGetExpectedKernelType(ctx))));

  auto pt_kernel_name = kernel_signature_->name;
  auto pt_kernel_key = TransOpKernelTypeToPhiKernelKey(*kernel_type_.get());
  pt_kernel_.reset(new phi::Kernel(phi::KernelFactory::Instance().SelectKernel(
      pt_kernel_name, pt_kernel_key)));

  if (pt_kernel_->IsValid()) {
    VLOG(6) << "Static mode ChoosePhiKernel - kernel name: " << pt_kernel_name
            << " | kernel key: " << pt_kernel_key
            << " | kernel: " << *pt_kernel_;
  } else {
    VLOG(6) << "Static mode ChoosePhiKernel - kernel `" << pt_kernel_name
            << "` not found.";
  }
  return pt_kernel_key;
}

void OperatorWithKernel::ChooseKernel(const ExecutionContext& ctx) const {
  // check if op[type] has kernel registered.
  auto& all_op_kernels = AllOpKernels();
  auto kernels_iter = all_op_kernels.find(type_);
  PADDLE_ENFORCE_NE(
      kernels_iter,
      all_op_kernels.end(),
      platform::errors::Unavailable(
          "There are no kernels which are registered in the %s operator.",
          type_));

  OpKernelMap& kernels = kernels_iter->second;

  auto expected_kernel_key = InnerGetExpectedKernelType(ctx);

  auto kernel_iter = kernels.find(expected_kernel_key);

#ifdef PADDLE_WITH_MKLDNN
  // workaround for missing MKLDNN kernel when FLAGS_use_mkldnn env var is set
  if (kernel_iter == kernels.end() &&
      expected_kernel_key.library_type_ == LibraryType::kMKLDNN) {
    VLOG(3) << "missing MKLDNN kernel: fallbacking to PLAIN one";
    expected_kernel_key.library_type_ = LibraryType::kPlain;
    expected_kernel_key.data_layout_ = DataLayout::kAnyLayout;
    kernel_iter = kernels.find(expected_kernel_key);
  }
#endif

#if defined(PADDLE_WITH_XPU) && !defined(PADDLE_WITH_XPU_KP)
  if (platform::is_xpu_place(expected_kernel_key.place_) &&
      (kernel_iter == kernels.end() ||
       !paddle::platform::is_xpu_support_op(type_, expected_kernel_key) ||
       paddle::platform::is_in_xpu_black_list(type_))) {
    VLOG(3) << "fluid missing XPU kernel: " << type_
            << ", expected_kernel_key:" << expected_kernel_key
            << ", fallbacking to CPU one!";
    expected_kernel_key.place_ = platform::CPUPlace();
    kernel_iter = kernels.find(expected_kernel_key);
  }
#endif

#ifdef PADDLE_WITH_XPU_KP
  if (paddle::platform::is_xpu_place(expected_kernel_key.place_)) {
    bool use_xpu_kp_kernel_rt =
        FLAGS_run_kp_kernel &&
        paddle::platform::is_xpu_kp_support_op(type_, expected_kernel_key);
    bool use_xpu_kp_kernel_debug =
        paddle::platform::is_in_xpu_kpwhite_list(type_);
    if (use_xpu_kp_kernel_rt) {
      VLOG(3) << "fluid xpu_kp using rt mode ";
    }
    if (use_xpu_kp_kernel_debug) {
      VLOG(3) << "fluid xpu_kp using debug mode ";
    }
    bool is_xpu_kp_support = (use_xpu_kp_kernel_rt || use_xpu_kp_kernel_debug);
    if (is_xpu_kp_support) {
      auto cache_expected_kernel_key_library_type =
          expected_kernel_key.library_type_;
      expected_kernel_key.library_type_ = LibraryType::kKP;
      kernel_iter = kernels.find(expected_kernel_key);
      // if can't find corresponding kernel when is_xpu_kp_support is on
      // if the fluid do not register related kernel, it can't work and hava
      // error as before
      if (kernel_iter == kernels.end()) {
        expected_kernel_key.library_type_ =
            cache_expected_kernel_key_library_type;
        expected_kernel_key.place_ = platform::CPUPlace();
        kernel_iter = kernels.find(expected_kernel_key);
      } else {
        VLOG(3) << "fluid using XPU KP kernel: " << type_
                << ", using_kernel_key:" << expected_kernel_key;
      }
    }
    bool is_xpu_unsupport =
        (!paddle::platform::is_xpu_support_op(type_, expected_kernel_key) ||
         paddle::platform::is_in_xpu_black_list(type_));
    if (!is_xpu_kp_support &&
        (kernel_iter == kernels.end() || is_xpu_unsupport)) {
      VLOG(3) << "fluid missing XPU kernel: " << type_
              << ", expected_kernel_key:" << expected_kernel_key
              << ", fallbacking to CPU one!";
      expected_kernel_key.place_ = platform::CPUPlace();
      kernel_iter = kernels.find(expected_kernel_key);
    }
  }
#endif

#ifdef PADDLE_WITH_IPU
  if (kernel_iter == kernels.end() &&
      platform::is_ipu_place(expected_kernel_key.place_)) {
    VLOG(3) << "missing IPU kernel: " << type_
            << ", expected_kernel_key:" << expected_kernel_key
            << ", fallbacking to CPU one!";
    expected_kernel_key.place_ = platform::CPUPlace();
    kernel_iter = kernels.find(expected_kernel_key);
  }
#endif
#ifdef PADDLE_WITH_ASCEND_CL
  if (kernel_iter == kernels.end() &&
      platform::is_npu_place(expected_kernel_key.place_)) {
    VLOG(3) << "missing NPU kernel: " << type_
            << ", expected_kernel_key:" << expected_kernel_key
            << ", fallbacking to CPU one!";
    expected_kernel_key.place_ = platform::CPUPlace();
    kernel_iter = kernels.find(expected_kernel_key);
  }
#endif
#ifdef PADDLE_WITH_MLU
  if (kernel_iter == kernels.end() &&
      platform::is_mlu_place(expected_kernel_key.place_)) {
    VLOG(3) << "missing MLU kernel: " << type_
            << ", expected_kernel_key:" << expected_kernel_key
            << ", fallbacking to CPU one!";
    expected_kernel_key.place_ = platform::CPUPlace();
    kernel_iter = kernels.find(expected_kernel_key);
  }
#endif
#ifdef PADDLE_WITH_CUSTOM_DEVICE
  if (kernel_iter == kernels.end() &&
      platform::is_custom_place(expected_kernel_key.place_)) {
    VLOG(3) << "missing " << expected_kernel_key.place_.GetDeviceType()
            << " kernel: " << type_
            << ", expected_kernel_key:" << expected_kernel_key
            << ", fallbacking to CPU one!";
    expected_kernel_key.place_ = platform::CPUPlace();
    kernel_iter = kernels.find(expected_kernel_key);
  }
#endif
  PADDLE_ENFORCE_NE(
      kernel_iter,
      kernels.end(),
      platform::errors::NotFound("Operator (%s) does not have kernel for %s.",
                                 type_,
                                 KernelTypeToString(expected_kernel_key)));

  std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(cache_update_mutex_);
  if (kernel_type_.get() == nullptr || kernel_func_.get() == nullptr) {
    kernel_type_.reset(new OpKernelType(expected_kernel_key));
    kernel_func_.reset(new OpKernelFunc(kernel_iter->second));
  }
}

void OperatorWithKernel::TransferInplaceVarsBack(
    const Scope& scope,
    const std::vector<std::string>& inplace_vars,
    const Scope& transfer_scope) const {
  for (auto& var_name : inplace_vars) {
    VLOG(3) << "share inplace var " + var_name + " back to it's original scope";
    auto* origin_var = scope.FindVar(var_name);
    PADDLE_ENFORCE_NOT_NULL(origin_var,
                            platform::errors::InvalidArgument(
                                "The variable[%s] is nullptr.", var_name));
    auto* original_tensor =
        GetMutableLoDTensorOrSelectedRowsValueFromVar(origin_var);
    auto* var = transfer_scope.FindVar(var_name);
    PADDLE_ENFORCE_NOT_NULL(var,
                            platform::errors::InvalidArgument(
                                "The variable[%s] is nullptr.", var_name));
    auto* transformed_tensor = GetLoDTensorOrSelectedRowsValueFromVar(*var);
    auto original_dims = original_tensor->dims();
    original_tensor->ShareDataWith(*transformed_tensor);
    // In order to solve the problem that the output latitude of NPU reshape
    // operator is not changed when inplace.
    if (type_ != "reshape2" && type_ != "reshape2_grad") {
      original_tensor->Resize(original_dims);
    }
  }
}

void OperatorWithKernel::HandleComplexGradToRealGrad(
    const Scope& scope, RuntimeContext* ctx) const {
  for (auto& var_name_item : Outputs()) {
    std::vector<Variable*>& output_vars = ctx->outputs[var_name_item.first];
    for (size_t i = 0; i < var_name_item.second.size(); ++i) {
      // 1. find grad_var & check whether is complex tensor
      auto var_name = var_name_item.second[i];
      auto orig_var_name = GradOriginalVarName(var_name);
      // only focus on gradient var
      if (var_name == orig_var_name) {
        continue;
      }
      auto* grad_var = output_vars[i];
      // skip nullptr var
      if (grad_var == nullptr) {
        continue;
      }
      // don't process LoDTensorArray temporarily,
      // add support if necessary for complex number calculations in the future
      if (!VarIsTensor(*grad_var)) {
        continue;
      }
      auto* grad_tensor =
          GetMutableLoDTensorOrSelectedRowsValueFromVar(grad_var);
      // skip nullptr tensor
      if (grad_tensor == nullptr || !grad_tensor->IsInitialized()) {
        continue;
      }
      // only focus on complex dtype now
      auto src_type = framework::TransToProtoVarType(grad_tensor->dtype());
      if (!IsComplexType(src_type)) {
        continue;
      }

      // 2. find forward var & check whether need to cast
      auto* var = scope.FindVar(orig_var_name);
      // if forward var not exists, do nothing
      if (var == nullptr) {
        continue;
      }
      if (!VarIsTensor(*var)) {
        continue;
      }
      const auto* tensor = GetLoDTensorOrSelectedRowsValueFromVar(*var);
      PADDLE_ENFORCE_NOT_NULL(
          tensor,
          platform::errors::Unavailable(
              "Forward tensor is nullptr when handle complex data to real."));
      // only need record type, the allocation may have been released
      auto dst_type = framework::TransToProtoVarType(tensor->dtype());
      // only focus on real dtype and need casting
      if (IsComplexType(dst_type)) {
        continue;
      }

      // 3. cast complex grad to real grad
      VLOG(6) << "Transform " << framework::DataTypeToString(src_type)
              << " var `" << var_name << "` to "
              << framework::DataTypeToString(dst_type)
              << " real var in static graph.";
      Tensor out;
      TransComplexToReal(dst_type, src_type, *grad_tensor, &out);
      SetTensorToVariable(*grad_var, out, grad_var);
    }
  }
}

Scope* OperatorWithKernel::PrepareData(
    const Scope& scope,
    const OpKernelType& expected_kernel_key,
    std::vector<std::string>* transfered_inplace_vars,
    RuntimeContext* ctx) const {
  Scope* new_scope = nullptr;

  const std::unordered_set<std::string>* no_buffer_ins = nullptr;
  if (info_) {
    auto& no_buffer_inferer = info_->NoNeedBufferVarsInferer();
    // Some op may not register NoNeedBufferVarsInferer
    if (no_buffer_inferer) {
      no_buffer_ins = &(no_buffer_inferer(Inputs(), Outputs(), Attrs()));
      if (no_buffer_ins->empty()) no_buffer_ins = nullptr;
    }
  }

  const auto& name_map = Inputs();
  auto prepare_input_data = [&](const std::string& in_name,
                                std::vector<Variable*>* in_vars,
                                const phi::TensorArgDef* in_def,
                                bool should_skip_input) -> void {
    auto& name_vec = name_map.at(in_name);
    for (size_t i = 0; i < in_vars->size(); ++i) {
      const auto& var_name = name_vec[i];
      auto* var = in_vars->at(i);

      // Only tensor can be tranfer to another device.
      if (var == nullptr || !VarIsTensor(*var)) {
        continue;
      }

      auto* tensor_in = GetLoDTensorOrSelectedRowsValueFromVar(*var);

      // When no_buffer_ins then checking of Tensor::holder_ is
      // not a thread safe. And for infershape scenario checks
      // to be omitted are not really needed
      if (should_skip_input == true) {
#ifdef PADDLE_WITH_MKLDNN
        // Var without buffer may be needed
        // for some situation like InferShape().
        // In this situation We cannot skip Var analysis, as
        // MKL-DNN shape of Var may differ from kNHWC Var
        // In such situation corressponding resized Var
        // has to be created and registered
        if ((tensor_in->layout() == DataLayout::kMKLDNN) &&
            (var->IsType<LoDTensor>() == true) &&
            (expected_kernel_key.data_layout_ != DataLayout::kMKLDNN) &&
            (paddle::platform::MKLDNNDeviceContext::tls()
                 .get_cur_paddle_data_layout() == DataLayout::kNHWC) &&
            (tensor_in->dims().size() >= 3)) {
          // Mixed execution : MKL-DNN and GPU is not supported!
          if (!new_scope) {
            new_scope = &scope.NewScope();
          }
          auto* trans_var = new_scope->Var(var_name);
          in_vars->at(i) = trans_var;
          auto out = trans_var->GetMutable<LoDTensor>();
          out->Resize(tensor_in->dims());
          platform::MatchShapeToLayout(
              out, tensor_in->layout(), DataLayout::kNHWC);
          VLOG(7) << "Created reshaped dummy input based on MKL-DNN Tensor , "
                     "but kNHWC layout"
                  << in_name << " in Operator " << type_;
        } else {
          VLOG(7) << "Skip scanning input " << in_name << " in Operator "
                  << type_;
        }
#endif
        continue;
      }

      if (!tensor_in->IsInitialized()) {
        continue;
      }

      auto kernel_type_for_var =
          GetKernelTypeForVar(in_name, *tensor_in, expected_kernel_key);
      bool need_trans_dtype =
          kernel_type_for_var.data_type_ != expected_kernel_key.data_type_;
      bool need_trans_layout = NeedTransformLayout(
          kernel_type_for_var.data_layout_, expected_kernel_key.data_layout_);
      if (!need_trans_dtype && !need_trans_layout) {
        if (!run_phi_kernel_ &&
            platform::places_are_same_class(kernel_type_for_var.place_,
                                            expected_kernel_key.place_)) {
          continue;
        }
      }

      std::unique_ptr<OpKernelType> new_expected_kernel_key = nullptr;
      if (run_phi_kernel_ && in_def->backend != phi::Backend::ALL_BACKEND) {
        auto tensor_backend = phi::TransToPhiBackend(tensor_in->place());
        if ((in_def->backend != tensor_backend &&
             (in_def->backend != phi::Backend::GPUDNN ||
              tensor_backend != phi::Backend::GPU) &&
             (in_def->backend != phi::Backend::KPS ||
              tensor_backend != phi::Backend::XPU)) ||
            tensor_in->place().GetType() == AllocationType::GPUPINNED) {
          new_expected_kernel_key = std::make_unique<OpKernelType>(
              expected_kernel_key.data_type_,
              phi::TransToPhiPlace(in_def->backend),
              expected_kernel_key.data_layout_,
              expected_kernel_key.library_type_,
              expected_kernel_key.customized_type_value_);
        }
      }

      if (!need_trans_dtype && !need_trans_layout) {
        if (run_phi_kernel_ && new_expected_kernel_key == nullptr) {
          continue;
        }
      }

      VLOG(3) << "Transform Variable " << var_name << " from "
              << kernel_type_for_var << " to "
              << (new_expected_kernel_key ? *new_expected_kernel_key
                                          : expected_kernel_key);

      // In the inference scenerio, the scopes will be reused across the
      // batches, so the `new_scope` here will result in GPU memroy explosion
      // over the  running of operators.
      // We use a thread_local cache to fix that issue, the key in the cache is
      // the combination of the `scope` argument, from_kernel_type,
      // target_kernel_type.
      // Have a discussion with @Superjomn or the inference developers if some
      // changes on this logic for this macro might not tested on the other
      // scenerios.
      // If this op is not called by an Executor or ParallelExecutor, it should
      // called by a NaiveExecutor, the NaiveExecutor will cache the scopes and
      // variables, that behavior a lot different.
      //
      // To solve issue #15032, have a discussion with @Luotao for cpu
      // inference, for all cpu kernels cases without GPU participation, here
      // not do transfer scope caching, and cpu inference performance is not
      // impacted by test.
      enable_cache_transfer_scope_ = false;
      if (!run_by_executor_) {
        if (new_expected_kernel_key) {
          if ((platform::is_gpu_place(kernel_type_for_var.place_) ||
               platform::is_gpu_place(new_expected_kernel_key->place_))) {
            new_scope = TryCreateTransferScope(
                kernel_type_for_var, *new_expected_kernel_key, &scope);
            enable_cache_transfer_scope_ = true;
          }
        } else if ((platform::is_gpu_place(kernel_type_for_var.place_) ||
                    platform::is_gpu_place(expected_kernel_key.place_))) {
          new_scope = TryCreateTransferScope(
              kernel_type_for_var, expected_kernel_key, &scope);
          enable_cache_transfer_scope_ = true;
        }
      }

      if (!new_scope) {
        new_scope = &scope.NewScope();
      }
      // For inference, if a gpu model has an op which could only run on CPU,
      // each result of different input will be the same with the first one.
      // The reason is that if a gpu tensor is the input of a cpu kernel,
      // we will create a new cpu tensor in new scope.
      // However, if enable_cache_runtime_context_, we get the cpu tensor each
      // time, not the gpu tensor. Thus, we set pre_scope_ = nullptr
      // to trigger `new RuntimeContext()` in RunImpl().
      if (enable_cache_runtime_context_) {
        pre_scope_ = nullptr;
      }

      // Create new var with the same name in transfer scopes
      auto* trans_var = new_scope->Var(var_name);
      in_vars->at(i) = trans_var;

      // Find if inplace exists between input and output
      // If inplace exists, set the new created var to inplaced output, and
      // record its name in transfered_inplace_vars.
      for (auto& pair : Outputs()) {
        for (size_t j = 0; j < pair.second.size(); ++j) {
          if (pair.second[j] == var_name) {
            VLOG(4) << "Found inplace between input(" << in_name
                    << ") and output(" << pair.first
                    << "), the variable name is " << var_name;
            ctx->outputs[pair.first][j] = trans_var;
            transfered_inplace_vars->emplace_back(var_name);
          }
        }
      }

      // Do transfer
      Tensor out;
      TransformData(new_expected_kernel_key ? *new_expected_kernel_key
                                            : expected_kernel_key,
                    kernel_type_for_var,
                    *tensor_in,
                    &out);
      SetTensorToVariable(*var, out, trans_var);
    }
  };

  if (run_phi_kernel_) {
    const auto& input_names = kernel_signature_->input_names;
    const auto& input_defs = pt_kernel_->args_def().input_defs();
    PADDLE_ENFORCE_EQ(input_names.size(),
                      input_defs.size(),
                      platform::errors::InvalidArgument(
                          "The size of inputs_args names (%d) must be equal to "
                          "the size of kernel input_defs (%d).",
                          input_names.size(),
                          input_defs.size()));
    for (size_t i = 0; i < input_defs.size(); ++i) {
      const auto& input_defs = pt_kernel_->args_def().input_defs();
      auto& in_def = input_defs.at(i);
      std::string input_name = input_names[i];
      auto iter = ctx->inputs.find(input_name);
      if (iter == ctx->inputs.end()) {
        continue;
      }
      auto& ins_vector = iter->second;
      bool should_skip_input =
          no_buffer_ins && no_buffer_ins->count(input_name) > 0;
      prepare_input_data(input_name, &ins_vector, &in_def, should_skip_input);
    }
  } else {
    for (auto& var_name_item : Inputs()) {
      bool should_skip_input =
          no_buffer_ins && no_buffer_ins->count(var_name_item.first) > 0;

      std::vector<Variable*>& input_vars = ctx->inputs[var_name_item.first];
      prepare_input_data(
          var_name_item.first, &input_vars, nullptr, should_skip_input);
    }
  }

  // If pre_scope = &scope, it means that scope is cached and the op is not in
  // while block. If new_scope = nullptr, it means that for each input of this
  // Op, there is no need to do PrepareData. So PrepareData could be skipped at
  // the rest iterations to save the elapsed time.
  // We do not support skipping PrepareData in while block, because the Op's
  // input may be changed by subsequent Ops, which may cause an error.

  // For inference, ops that behind conditional branch aren't supported well,
  // so disable prepare optimization conservatively.
  bool force_prepare_data = HasAttr("inference_force_prepare_data") &&
                            Attr<bool>("inference_force_prepare_data");
  if (pre_scope_ == &scope && new_scope == nullptr && !force_prepare_data) {
    need_prepare_data_ = false;
  }

  return new_scope;
}

void OperatorWithKernel::ParseInputDataType(
    const Variable* var,
    const std::string& name,
    proto::VarType::Type* data_type) const {
  if (var != nullptr) {
    const Tensor* t = nullptr;
    if (var->IsType<Tensor>()) {
      t = &var->Get<Tensor>();
    } else if (var->IsType<LoDTensor>()) {
      t = &var->Get<LoDTensor>();
    } else if (var->IsType<phi::SelectedRows>()) {
      t = &(var->Get<phi::SelectedRows>().value());
    } else if (var->IsType<LoDTensorArray>()) {
      auto t_arr = &var->Get<LoDTensorArray>();
      for (size_t j = 0; j < t_arr->size(); j++) {
        if (t_arr->at(j).IsInitialized()) {
          t = &(t_arr->at(j));
        }
      }
    }
    if (t != nullptr) {
      PADDLE_ENFORCE_EQ(
          t->IsInitialized(),
          true,
          platform::errors::InvalidArgument("The %s Op's Input Variable `%s` "
                                            "contains uninitialized Tensor.",
                                            Type(),
                                            name));
      *data_type = paddle::framework::TransToProtoVarType(t->dtype());
    }
  }
}

void OperatorWithKernel::ParseMultiInputDataType(
    const std::vector<Variable*>& vars,
    const std::string& name,
    proto::VarType::Type* data_type) const {
  proto::VarType::Type default_data_type =
      static_cast<proto::VarType::Type>(-1);
  for (size_t i = 0; i < vars.size(); ++i) {
    const Variable* var = vars[i];
    if (var != nullptr) {
      const Tensor* t = nullptr;
      if (var->IsType<Tensor>()) {
        t = &var->Get<Tensor>();
      } else if (var->IsType<LoDTensor>()) {
        t = &var->Get<LoDTensor>();
      } else if (var->IsType<phi::SelectedRows>()) {
        t = &(var->Get<phi::SelectedRows>().value());
      } else if (var->IsType<LoDTensorArray>()) {
        auto t_arr = &var->Get<LoDTensorArray>();
        for (size_t j = 0; j < t_arr->size(); j++) {
          if (t_arr->at(j).IsInitialized()) {
            t = &(t_arr->at(j));
          }
        }
      }
      if (t != nullptr) {
        PADDLE_ENFORCE_EQ(
            t->IsInitialized(),
            true,
            platform::errors::InvalidArgument("The %s Op's Input Variable `%s` "
                                              "contains uninitialized Tensor.",
                                              Type(),
                                              name));
        proto::VarType::Type tmp =
            paddle::framework::TransToProtoVarType(t->dtype());
        PADDLE_ENFORCE(tmp == *data_type || *data_type == default_data_type,
                       platform::errors::InvalidArgument(
                           "The DataType of %s Op's duplicable or different "
                           "slot Variable %s must be "
                           "consistent or reigster GetExpectedKernelType. The "
                           "current variable type is (%s), but the "
                           "previous variable type is (%s).",
                           Type(),
                           name,
                           DataTypeToString(tmp),
                           DataTypeToString(*data_type)));
        *data_type = tmp;
      }
    }
  }
}

proto::VarType::Type OperatorWithKernel::IndicateDataType(
    const ExecutionContext& ctx) const {
  proto::VarType::Type dafault_data_type =
      static_cast<proto::VarType::Type>(-1);
  proto::VarType::Type data_type = dafault_data_type;
  for (auto* name : ctx.InNameList()) {
    if (ctx.InputSize(*name) == 1UL) {
      ParseInputDataType(ctx.InputVar(*name), *name, &data_type);
    } else {
      ParseMultiInputDataType(ctx.MultiInputVar(*name), *name, &data_type);
    }
  }
  PADDLE_ENFORCE_NE(
      data_type,
      dafault_data_type,
      platform::errors::NotFound(
          "DataType should be indicated by input Variable at %s.", Type()));
  return data_type;
}

proto::VarType::Type OperatorWithKernel::IndicateVarDataType(
    const ExecutionContext& ctx, const std::string& name) const {
  proto::VarType::Type dafault_data_type =
      static_cast<proto::VarType::Type>(-1);
  proto::VarType::Type data_type = dafault_data_type;
  if (ctx.InputSize(name) == 1UL) {
    ParseInputDataType(ctx.InputVar(name), name, &data_type);
  } else {
    ParseMultiInputDataType(ctx.MultiInputVar(name), name, &data_type);
  }
  PADDLE_ENFORCE_NE(
      data_type,
      dafault_data_type,
      platform::errors::InvalidArgument(
          "The Input Variable(%s) of (%s) Operator used to determine kernel "
          "data type is empty or not LoDTensor or SelectedRows or "
          "LoDTensorArray.",
          name,
          Type()));
  return data_type;
}

Tensor* OperatorWithKernel::GetTensorFormInputSafely(
    const ExecutionContext& ctx, const std::string& name) const {
  // 1. get variable and check
  // NOTE: only supports signal input var now
  // NOTE: using const_cast is because we don't have method
  // can get single mutable var, and here will not change
  // the var's data, only use some attribute
  Variable* var = const_cast<Variable*>(ctx.InputVar(name));
  PADDLE_ENFORCE_NOT_NULL(
      var,
      platform::errors::NotFound(
          "The variable %s is not found when promote complex types.", name));
  // 2. get tensor and check
  Tensor* t = nullptr;
  if (var->IsType<Tensor>()) {
    t = var->GetMutable<Tensor>();
  } else if (var->IsType<LoDTensor>()) {
    t = var->GetMutable<LoDTensor>();
  } else if (var->IsType<phi::SelectedRows>()) {
    t = var->GetMutable<phi::SelectedRows>()->mutable_value();
  } else {
    PADDLE_THROW(platform::errors::Unimplemented(
        "Unsupported input variable type in complex type promotion."));
  }
  PADDLE_ENFORCE_NOT_NULL(
      t,
      platform::errors::InvalidArgument(
          "The Tensor of variable %s is nullptr when promote complex types."));
  PADDLE_ENFORCE_EQ(t->IsInitialized(),
                    true,
                    platform::errors::InvalidArgument(
                        "The Tensor in the %s Op's Input Variable %s(%s) is "
                        "not initialized.",
                        Type(),
                        name,
                        ctx.InputName(name)));
  return t;
}

/** NOTE(chenweihang): For safety reasons, we now only
 * perform type promotes for binary operations with
 * complex type inputs, which is used to support the
 * paddle quantum function.
 * In other cases, the first input data type is used as
 * the kernel data type.
 */
proto::VarType::Type OperatorWithKernel::IndicateOrPromoteVarDataTypes(
    const ExecutionContext& ctx,
    const std::string& name1,
    const std::string& name2) const {
  // 1. Get tensor
  auto* tensor_a = GetTensorFormInputSafely(ctx, name1);
  auto* tensor_b = GetTensorFormInputSafely(ctx, name2);

  // 2. Get two input types
  auto type_a = framework::TransToProtoVarType(tensor_a->dtype());
  auto type_b = framework::TransToProtoVarType(tensor_b->dtype());

  // 3. Get first input type or promote complex types
  auto target_type = PromoteTypesIfComplexExists(type_a, type_b);

  return target_type;
}

OpKernelType OperatorWithKernel::GetExpectedKernelType(
    const ExecutionContext& ctx) const {
  return OpKernelType(IndicateDataType(ctx), ctx.GetPlace());
}

OpKernelType OperatorWithKernel::GetKernelTypeForVar(
    const std::string& var_name,
    const Tensor& tensor,
    const OpKernelType& expected_kernel_type) const {
  return OpKernelType(
      expected_kernel_type.data_type_, tensor.place(), tensor.layout());
}

phi::KernelSignature OperatorWithKernel::GetExpectedPhiKernelArgs(
    const ExecutionContext& ctx) const {
  ExecutionArgumentMappingContext arg_mapping_ctx(ctx);
  if (arg_map_fn_ == nullptr) {
    auto* arg_map_fn = phi::OpUtilsMap::Instance().GetArgumentMappingFn(type_);
    if (arg_map_fn) {
      arg_map_fn_.reset(new phi::ArgumentMappingFn(*arg_map_fn));
    } else {
      auto func =
          [this](
              const phi::ArgumentMappingContext& ctx) -> phi::KernelSignature {
        return phi::DefaultKernelSignatureMap::Instance().Get(type_);
      };
      arg_map_fn_.reset(new phi::ArgumentMappingFn(func));
    }
  }
  return (*arg_map_fn_)(arg_mapping_ctx);
}

void OperatorWithKernel::BuildPhiKernelContext(
    const RuntimeContext& ctx,
    platform::DeviceContext* dev_ctx,
    phi::KernelContext* pt_kernel_context) const {
  pt_kernel_context->SetDeviceContext(dev_ctx);

  auto& input_names = kernel_signature_->input_names;
  auto& attr_names = kernel_signature_->attr_names;
  auto& output_names = kernel_signature_->output_names;

  auto input_defs = pt_kernel_->args_def().input_defs();
  auto attr_defs = pt_kernel_->args_def().attribute_defs();
  auto output_defs = pt_kernel_->args_def().output_defs();

  PADDLE_ENFORCE_EQ(input_names.size(),
                    input_defs.size(),
                    platform::errors::InvalidArgument(
                        "The size of inputs_args names (%d) must be equal to "
                        "the size of kernel input_defs (%d).",
                        input_names.size(),
                        input_defs.size()));

  PADDLE_ENFORCE_EQ(output_names.size(),
                    output_defs.size(),
                    platform::errors::InvalidArgument(
                        "The size of outputs_args names (%d) must be equal to "
                        "the size of kernel output_defs (%d).",
                        output_names.size(),
                        output_defs.size()));

  PADDLE_ENFORCE_EQ(attr_names.size(),
                    attr_defs.size(),
                    platform::errors::InvalidArgument(
                        "The size of attribute_args names (%d) must be equal "
                        "to the size of kernel attribute_defs (%d).",
                        attr_names.size(),
                        attr_defs.size()));

  for (size_t i = 0; i < input_names.size(); ++i) {
    auto it = ctx.inputs.find(input_names[i]);

    // calcute the start and end index of the input tensors
    size_t start_idx =
        (i == 0 ? 0 : pt_kernel_context->InputRangeAt(i - 1).second);
    // deal with optional here
    if ((it == ctx.inputs.end() || it->second.size() == 0) &&
        (input_defs[i].type_index ==
             std::type_index(typeid(paddle::optional<phi::DenseTensor>)) ||
         input_defs[i].type_index ==
             std::type_index(typeid(paddle::optional<phi::SelectedRows>)) ||
         input_defs[i].type_index ==
             std::type_index(typeid(
                 paddle::optional<std::vector<const phi::DenseTensor*>>)))) {
      pt_kernel_context->EmplaceBackInputWithoutSetRange(nullptr);
      auto end_idx = start_idx + 1;
      pt_kernel_context->AssignInputRange(std::make_pair(start_idx, end_idx),
                                          i);

      continue;
    }
    auto ins_vector = it->second;
    size_t end_idx = start_idx + ins_vector.size();
    for (size_t offset = 0; offset < ins_vector.size(); ++offset) {
      const phi::TensorBase* tensor_in = nullptr;
      auto* var = ins_vector[offset];
      if (var->IsType<framework::LoDTensor>()) {
        tensor_in = &(var->Get<framework::LoDTensor>());
        pt_kernel_context->EmplaceBackInputWithoutSetRange(tensor_in);
      } else if (var->IsType<phi::SelectedRows>()) {
        tensor_in = &(var->Get<phi::SelectedRows>());
        pt_kernel_context->EmplaceBackInputWithoutSetRange(tensor_in);
      } else if (var->IsType<framework::LoDTensorArray>()) {
        need_prepare_phi_data_ = true;
        paddle::small_vector<const phi::TensorBase*> tensor_vector;
        auto& tensor_array = var->Get<framework::LoDTensorArray>();
        for (auto& t : tensor_array) {
          tensor_vector.emplace_back(&t);
        }
        pt_kernel_context->EmplaceBackInputsWithoutSetRange(tensor_vector);
        end_idx += tensor_array.size() - 1;
      } else {
        PADDLE_THROW(platform::errors::Unimplemented(
            "Unsupported input `%s` type when call pt kernel.",
            framework::ToTypeName(var->Type())));
      }
    }
    // Note: here cannot deal with vector<LoDTensorArray> input
    pt_kernel_context->AssignInputRange(std::make_pair(start_idx, end_idx), i);
  }
  VLOG(4) << "Done inputs";

  for (size_t i = 0; i < output_names.size(); ++i) {
    auto it = ctx.outputs.find(output_names[i]);
    size_t start_idx =
        (i == 0 ? 0 : pt_kernel_context->OutputRangeAt(i - 1).second);

    if (it == ctx.outputs.end() || it->second.empty()) {
      // Deal with the case that some outputs are not found or be NULL when run
      // the kernel.
      // For example : the outputs of matmul_grad are dx and dy,
      // sometimes dx or dy may be NULL.
      pt_kernel_context->EmplaceBackOutputWithoutSetRange(nullptr);
      auto end_idx = start_idx + 1;
      pt_kernel_context->AssignOutputRange(std::make_pair(start_idx, end_idx),
                                           i);
      continue;
    }
    auto& outs_vector = it->second;

    size_t end_idx = start_idx + outs_vector.size();

    for (size_t offset = 0; offset < outs_vector.size(); ++offset) {
      phi::TensorBase* tensor_out = nullptr;
      auto* var = outs_vector[offset];
      if (var) {
        if (var->template IsType<framework::LoDTensor>()) {
          tensor_out = var->template GetMutable<framework::LoDTensor>();
          pt_kernel_context->EmplaceBackOutputWithoutSetRange(tensor_out);
        } else if (var->template IsType<phi::SelectedRows>()) {
          tensor_out = var->template GetMutable<phi::SelectedRows>();
          pt_kernel_context->EmplaceBackOutputWithoutSetRange(tensor_out);
        } else if (var->template IsType<framework::LoDTensorArray>()) {
          paddle::small_vector<phi::TensorBase*> tensor_vector;
          auto* tensor_array =
              var->template GetMutable<framework::LoDTensorArray>();
          // Note: If the input LoDTensorArray size is 0, the output
          // LoDTensorArray is also 0
          for (auto& t : *tensor_array) {
            tensor_vector.emplace_back(&t);
          }
          pt_kernel_context->EmplaceBackOutputsWithoutSetRange(tensor_vector);
          end_idx += tensor_array->size() - 1;
        } else {
          PADDLE_THROW(platform::errors::Unimplemented(
              "Unsupported output `%s` type when call pt kernel.",
              framework::ToTypeName(var->Type())));
        }
      } else {
        pt_kernel_context->EmplaceBackOutputWithoutSetRange(tensor_out);
      }
    }
    pt_kernel_context->AssignOutputRange(std::make_pair(start_idx, end_idx), i);
  }
  VLOG(4) << "Done outputs";

  for (size_t i = 0; i < attr_names.size(); ++i) {
    VLOG(6) << "BuildPhiKernelContext: " << attr_names[i] << ": "
            << attr_defs[i].type_index;
    auto attr_iter = Attrs().find(attr_names[i]);
    switch (attr_defs[i].type_index) {
      case phi::AttributeType::SCALAR:
        if (attr_iter != Attrs().end()) {
          // scalar is in the attribute
          switch (AttrTypeID(attr_iter->second)) {
            case proto::AttrType::FLOAT:
              pt_kernel_context->EmplaceBackAttr(std::move(
                  phi::Scalar(PADDLE_GET_CONST(float, attr_iter->second))));
              break;
            case proto::AttrType::INT:
              pt_kernel_context->EmplaceBackAttr(std::move(
                  phi::Scalar(PADDLE_GET_CONST(int, attr_iter->second))));
              break;
            case proto::AttrType::STRING:
              pt_kernel_context->EmplaceBackAttr(std::move(phi::Scalar(
                  PADDLE_GET_CONST(std::string, attr_iter->second))));
              break;
            default:
              PADDLE_THROW(platform::errors::Unimplemented(
                  "Unsupported cast op attribute `%s` to Scalar when construct "
                  "KernelContext in dygraph.",
                  attr_names[i]));
          }
        } else {  // scalar is in the input
          need_prepare_phi_data_ = true;
          auto& ins_vector = ctx.inputs.at(attr_names[i]);
          pt_kernel_context->EmplaceBackAttr(std::move(
              experimental::MakePhiScalarFromVar(*ins_vector.front())));
        }
        break;
      case phi::AttributeType::INT_ARRAY:
        if (attr_iter != Attrs().end()) {
          switch (AttrTypeID(attr_iter->second)) {
            case proto::AttrType::INTS:
              pt_kernel_context->EmplaceBackAttr(std::move(phi::IntArray(
                  PADDLE_GET_CONST(std::vector<int32_t>, attr_iter->second))));
              break;
            case proto::AttrType::LONGS:
              pt_kernel_context->EmplaceBackAttr(std::move(phi::IntArray(
                  PADDLE_GET_CONST(std::vector<int64_t>, attr_iter->second))));
              break;
            case proto::AttrType::INT:
              pt_kernel_context->EmplaceBackAttr(std::move(phi::IntArray(
                  &PADDLE_GET_CONST(int32_t, attr_iter->second), 1)));
              break;
            case proto::AttrType::LONG:
              pt_kernel_context->EmplaceBackAttr(std::move(phi::IntArray(
                  &PADDLE_GET_CONST(int64_t, attr_iter->second), 1)));
              break;
            default:
              PADDLE_THROW(platform::errors::Unimplemented(
                  "Unsupported cast op attribute `%s` to IntArray when "
                  "construct KernelContext.",
                  attr_names[i]));
          }
        } else {  // shape is in the input
          need_prepare_phi_data_ = true;
          auto& ins_vector = ctx.inputs.at(attr_names[i]);
          if (ins_vector.size() == 1) {  // ShapeTensor
            pt_kernel_context->EmplaceBackAttr(std::move(
                experimental::MakePhiIntArrayFromVar(*ins_vector.front())));
          } else {  // ShapeTensorList
            pt_kernel_context->EmplaceBackAttr(std::move(
                experimental::MakePhiIntArrayFromVarList(ins_vector)));
          }
        }
        break;
      case phi::AttributeType::SCALARS: {
        PADDLE_ENFORCE_NE(
            attr_iter,
            Attrs().end(),
            platform::errors::NotFound("(%s) is not found in AttributeMap when "
                                       "buildind static KernelContext.",
                                       attr_names[i]));
        switch (AttrTypeID(attr_iter->second)) {
          case proto::AttrType::INTS: {
            const auto& vec =
                PADDLE_GET_CONST(std::vector<int32_t>, attr_iter->second);
            std::vector<phi::Scalar> scalar_list;
            scalar_list.reserve(vec.size());
            for (const auto& val : vec) {
              scalar_list.emplace_back(val);
            }
            pt_kernel_context->EmplaceBackAttr(std::move(scalar_list));
          } break;
          case proto::AttrType::LONGS: {
            const auto& vec =
                PADDLE_GET_CONST(std::vector<int64_t>, attr_iter->second);
            std::vector<phi::Scalar> scalar_list;
            scalar_list.reserve(vec.size());
            for (const auto& val : vec) {
              scalar_list.emplace_back(val);
            }
            pt_kernel_context->EmplaceBackAttr(std::move(scalar_list));
          } break;
          case proto::AttrType::FLOATS: {
            const auto& vec =
                PADDLE_GET_CONST(std::vector<float>, attr_iter->second);
            std::vector<phi::Scalar> scalar_list;
            scalar_list.reserve(vec.size());
            for (const auto& val : vec) {
              scalar_list.emplace_back(val);
            }
            pt_kernel_context->EmplaceBackAttr(std::move(scalar_list));
          } break;
          case proto::AttrType::FLOAT64S: {
            const auto& vec =
                PADDLE_GET_CONST(std::vector<double>, attr_iter->second);
            std::vector<phi::Scalar> scalar_list;
            scalar_list.reserve(vec.size());
            for (const auto& val : vec) {
              scalar_list.emplace_back(val);
            }
            pt_kernel_context->EmplaceBackAttr(std::move(scalar_list));
          } break;
          case proto::AttrType::BOOLEANS: {
            const auto& vec =
                PADDLE_GET_CONST(std::vector<bool>, attr_iter->second);
            std::vector<phi::Scalar> scalar_list;
            scalar_list.reserve(vec.size());
            for (const auto& val : vec) {
              scalar_list.emplace_back(val);
            }
            pt_kernel_context->EmplaceBackAttr(std::move(scalar_list));
          } break;
          default:
            PADDLE_THROW(platform::errors::Unimplemented(
                "Unsupported cast op attribute `%s` to vector<Scalar> when "
                "construct KernelContext.",
                attr_names[i]));
        }
      } break;
      default: {
        PADDLE_ENFORCE_NE(
            attr_iter,
            Attrs().end(),
            platform::errors::NotFound("(%s) is not found in AttributeMap when "
                                       "buildind static KernelContext.",
                                       attr_names[i]));
        switch (attr_defs[i].type_index) {
          case phi::AttributeType::FLOAT32:
            pt_kernel_context->EmplaceBackAttr(
                PADDLE_GET_CONST(float, attr_iter->second));
            break;
          case phi::AttributeType::INT32:
            pt_kernel_context->EmplaceBackAttr(
                PADDLE_GET_CONST(int, attr_iter->second));
            break;
          case phi::AttributeType::BOOL:
            pt_kernel_context->EmplaceBackAttr(
                PADDLE_GET_CONST(bool, attr_iter->second));
            break;
          case phi::AttributeType::INT64:
            pt_kernel_context->EmplaceBackAttr(
                PADDLE_GET_CONST(int64_t, attr_iter->second));
            break;
          case phi::AttributeType::INT32S:
            pt_kernel_context->EmplaceBackAttr(
                PADDLE_GET_CONST(std::vector<int>, attr_iter->second));
            break;
          case phi::AttributeType::DATA_TYPE: {
            auto data_type = framework::TransToPhiDataType(
                static_cast<framework::proto::VarType::Type>(
                    PADDLE_GET_CONST(int, attr_iter->second)));
            pt_kernel_context->EmplaceBackAttr(data_type);
          } break;
          case phi::AttributeType::STRING:
            pt_kernel_context->EmplaceBackAttr(
                std::move(PADDLE_GET_CONST(std::string, attr_iter->second)));
            break;
          case phi::AttributeType::INT64S:
            switch (AttrTypeID(attr_iter->second)) {
              case proto::AttrType::LONGS:
                pt_kernel_context->EmplaceBackAttr(
                    PADDLE_GET_CONST(std::vector<int64_t>, attr_iter->second));
                break;
              case proto::AttrType::INTS: {
                const auto& vector_int_attr =
                    PADDLE_GET_CONST(std::vector<int>, attr_iter->second);
                const std::vector<int64_t> vector_int64_attr(
                    vector_int_attr.begin(), vector_int_attr.end());
                pt_kernel_context->EmplaceBackAttr(vector_int64_attr);
              } break;
              default:
                PADDLE_THROW(platform::errors::Unimplemented(
                    "Unsupported cast op attribute `%s` to vector<int64_t> "
                    "when "
                    "construct KernelContext.",
                    attr_names[i]));
            }
            break;
          case phi::AttributeType::FLOAT32S:
            pt_kernel_context->EmplaceBackAttr(
                PADDLE_GET_CONST(std::vector<float>, attr_iter->second));
            break;
          case phi::AttributeType::STRINGS:
            pt_kernel_context->EmplaceBackAttr(
                PADDLE_GET_CONST(std::vector<std::string>, attr_iter->second));
            break;
          default:
            PADDLE_THROW(platform::errors::Unimplemented(
                "Unsupported cast op attribute `%s` when construct "
                "KernelContext in dygraph.",
                attr_names[i]));
        }
      }
    }
  }
  VLOG(4) << "Done attributes";
}

}  // namespace framework
}  // namespace paddle