then we can stop scattering nil checks (e.g. `try`) through the class.

Allow `joins` to be unscoped

Fixes #13775

UniquenessValidator exclude itself when PK changed

In Rails 5, we're much more restrictive about when we do or don't cache
a prepared statement. In particular, we never cache when we are sending
an IN statement or a SQL string literal

However, in the case of Adequate Record, we are *always* sending a raw
SQL string, and we *always* want to cache the result.

Fixes #23507

/cc @tgxworld

remove warnings from FinderMethods

sort templates after looking them up in the from the paths cache

Update active_record_querying.md

Converting backtrace to strings before calling set_backtrace

Added important distinction between scopes and class methods.

This removes the following warnings.

```
activerecord/lib/active_record/relation/finder_methods.rb:252: warning: ambiguous first argument; put parentheses or a space even after `-' operator
activerecord/lib/active_record/relation/finder_methods.rb:258: warning: ambiguous first argument; put parentheses or a space even after `-' operator
activerecord/lib/active_record/relation/finder_methods.rb:268: warning: ambiguous first argument; put parentheses or a space even after `-' operator
activerecord/lib/active_record/relation/finder_methods.rb:274: warning: ambiguous first argument; put parentheses or a space even after `-' operator
```

The view paths cache will eventually query the filesystem when looking
up templates:

  https://github.com/rails/rails/blob/2db347bebc9d3f39b3c5e274b7c9beecfce73913/actionview/lib/action_view/template/resolver.rb#L224-L230

The order in which files are returned is file system dependent.  Since
the template digest [depends on its children](https://github.com/rails/rails/blob/2db347bebc9d3f39b3c5e274b7c9beecfce73913/actionview/lib/action_view/digestor.rb#L109-L115), the order of the dependencies will impact the fingerprint.
This commit sorts the wildcard dependencies so that we get a consistent
hash.

Fixes #23592

Remove unused ReaderMethodCache and  WriterMethodCache  constants from ActiveRecord

If we check the conditional at registration time, then we can avoid the
conditional at runtime.  This commit checks for view path support when
the handler is registered so that runtime calls to `find_dependencies`
won't need to check the conditional.  The idea is that
`register_tracker` is called only once where `find_dependencies` may be
called many times.

This commit walks the reflection tree and builds the scope chain
functionally.  It also removes the chain cache since the cache doesn't
seem to have any impact on performance (I'd prefer to only cache at
proven bottlenecks)

Add `response.parsed_body` to Integration Tests

Forgot to add this in the original pull request. No biggie, just show
some examples.

When testing:

```ruby
post articles_path, params: { article: { title: 'Ahoy!' } }, as: :json
```

It's common to want to make assertions on the response body. Perhaps the
server responded with JSON, so you write `JSON.parse(response.body)`.
But that gets tedious real quick.

Instead add `parsed_body` which will automatically parse the reponse
body as what the last request was encoded `as`.

Set database poolsize via rails_max_threads

adds debug logging to actioncable connect

Array.second_to_last and Array.third_to_last access methods

Fixes #23058

Add `as` to encode a request as a specific mime type.

Fix edge case with ActionView::Template::Error reraise

set association name to generated fixtures if attribute is reference

Fix tiny grammar.

Fix typo

Fix grammar errors in security and migrations docs master [ci skip]

Fixed errors in rails migrations docs [ci skip]

Fixed errors in rails security docs [ci skip]