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  <div class="section" id="layers">
<span id="api-v2-layer"></span><h1>Layers<a class="headerlink" href="#layers" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1>
<div class="section" id="data-layer">
<h2>Data layer<a class="headerlink" href="#data-layer" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<div class="section" id="data">
<span id="api-v2-layer-data"></span><h3>data<a class="headerlink" href="#data" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
<dl class="attribute">
<dt>
<code class="descclassname">paddle.v2.layer.</code><code class="descname">data</code></dt>
<dd><p>alias of <code class="xref py py-class docutils literal"><span class="pre">name</span></code></p>
</dd></dl>

</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="fully-connected-layers">
<h2>Fully Connected Layers<a class="headerlink" href="#fully-connected-layers" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<div class="section" id="fc">
<span id="api-v2-layer-fc"></span><h3>fc<a class="headerlink" href="#fc" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
<dl class="class">
<dt>
<em class="property">class </em><code class="descclassname">paddle.v2.layer.</code><code class="descname">fc</code></dt>
<dd><p>Helper for declare fully connected layer.</p>
<p>The example usage is:</p>
<div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">fc</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">fc</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">input</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">layer</span><span class="p">,</span>
              <span class="n">size</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">1024</span><span class="p">,</span>
              <span class="n">act</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">paddle</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">v2</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">activation</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Linear</span><span class="p">(),</span>
              <span class="n">bias_attr</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="bp">False</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>which is equal to:</p>
<div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">with</span> <span class="n">mixed</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">size</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">1024</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="k">as</span> <span class="n">fc</span><span class="p">:</span>
    <span class="n">fc</span> <span class="o">+=</span> <span class="n">full_matrix_projection</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">input</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">layer</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
<li><strong>name</strong> (<em>basestring</em>) &#8211; The name of this layer. It is optional.</li>
<li><strong>input</strong> (<em>paddle.v2.config_base.Layer | list | tuple</em>) &#8211; The input of this layer.</li>
<li><strong>size</strong> (<em>int</em>) &#8211; The layer dimension.</li>
<li><strong>act</strong> (<em>paddle.v2.activation.Base</em>) &#8211; Activation Type. paddle.v2.activation.Tanh is the default activation.</li>
<li><strong>param_attr</strong> (<em>paddle.v2.attr.ParameterAttribute</em>) &#8211; The Parameter Attribute|list.</li>
<li><strong>bias_attr</strong> (<em>paddle.v2.attr.ParameterAttribute | None | bool | Any</em>) &#8211; The bias attribute. If the parameter is set to False or an object
whose type is not paddle.v2.attr.ParameterAttribute, no bias is defined. If the
parameter is set to True, the bias is initialized to zero.</li>
<li><strong>layer_attr</strong> (<em>paddle.v2.attr.ExtraAttribute | None</em>) &#8211; Extra Layer config.</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">paddle.v2.config_base.Layer object.</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">paddle.v2.config_base.Layer</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</dd></dl>

</div>
<div class="section" id="selective-fc">
<h3>selective_fc<a class="headerlink" href="#selective-fc" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
<dl class="class">
<dt>
<em class="property">class </em><code class="descclassname">paddle.v2.layer.</code><code class="descname">selective_fc</code></dt>
<dd><p>Selectived fully connected layer. Different from fc, the output
of this layer can be sparse. It requires an additional input to indicate
several selected columns for output. If the selected columns is not
specified, selective_fc acts exactly like fc.</p>
<p>The simple usage is:</p>
<div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">sel_fc</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">selective_fc</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">input</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="nb">input</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">size</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">128</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">act</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">paddle</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">v2</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">activation</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Tanh</span><span class="p">())</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
<li><strong>name</strong> (<em>basestring</em>) &#8211; The name of this layer. It is optional.</li>
<li><strong>input</strong> (<em>paddle.v2.config_base.Layer | list | tuple</em>) &#8211; The input of this layer.</li>
<li><strong>select</strong> (<em>paddle.v2.config_base.Layer</em>) &#8211; The layer to select columns to output. It should be a sparse
binary matrix, and is treated as the mask of selective fc. If
it is not set or set to None, selective_fc acts exactly
like fc.</li>
<li><strong>size</strong> (<em>int</em>) &#8211; The dimension of this layer, which should be equal to that of
the layer &#8216;select&#8217;.</li>
<li><strong>act</strong> (<em>paddle.v2.activation.Base</em>) &#8211; Activation type. paddle.v2.activation.Tanh is the default activation.</li>
<li><strong>pass_generation</strong> (<em>bool</em>) &#8211; The flag which indicates whether it is during generation.</li>
<li><strong>has_selected_colums</strong> (<em>bool</em>) &#8211; The flag which indicates whether the parameter &#8216;select&#8217;
has been set. True is the default.</li>
<li><strong>mul_ratio</strong> (<em>float</em>) &#8211; A ratio helps to judge how sparse the output is and determine
the computation method for speed consideration.</li>
<li><strong>param_attr</strong> (<em>paddle.v2.attr.ParameterAttribute</em>) &#8211; The parameter attribute. See paddle.v2.attr.ParameterAttribute for
details.</li>
<li><strong>bias_attr</strong> (<em>paddle.v2.attr.ParameterAttribute | None | bool | Any</em>) &#8211; The parameter attribute for bias. If this parameter is set to
False or an object whose type is not paddle.v2.attr.ParameterAttribute,
no bias is defined. If this parameter is set to True,
the bias is initialized to zero.</li>
<li><strong>layer_attr</strong> (<em>paddle.v2.attr.ExtraAttribute | None</em>) &#8211; The extra layer attribute. See paddle.v2.attr.ExtraAttribute for
details.</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">paddle.v2.config_base.Layer object.</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">paddle.v2.config_base.Layer</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</dd></dl>

</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="conv-layers">
<h2>Conv Layers<a class="headerlink" href="#conv-layers" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<div class="section" id="conv-operator">
<h3>conv_operator<a class="headerlink" href="#conv-operator" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
<dl class="class">
<dt>
<em class="property">class </em><code class="descclassname">paddle.v2.layer.</code><code class="descname">conv_operator</code></dt>
<dd><p>Different from img_conv, conv_op is an Operator, which can be used
in mixed. And conv_op takes two inputs to perform convolution.
The first input is the image and the second is filter kernel. It only
supports GPU mode.</p>
<p>The example usage is:</p>
<div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">op</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">conv_operator</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">img</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">input1</span><span class="p">,</span>
                   <span class="nb">filter</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">input2</span><span class="p">,</span>
                   <span class="n">filter_size</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">,</span>
                   <span class="n">num_filters</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">64</span><span class="p">,</span>
                   <span class="n">num_channels</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">64</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
<li><strong>img</strong> (<em>paddle.v2.config_base.Layer</em>) &#8211; The input image.</li>
<li><strong>filter</strong> (<em>paddle.v2.config_base.Layer</em>) &#8211; The input filter.</li>
<li><strong>filter_size</strong> (<em>int</em>) &#8211; The dimension of the filter kernel on the x axis.</li>
<li><strong>filter_size_y</strong> (<em>int</em>) &#8211; The dimension of the filter kernel on the y axis.
If the parameter is not set or set to None, it will
set to &#8216;filter_size&#8217; automatically.</li>
<li><strong>num_filters</strong> (<em>int</em>) &#8211; The number of the output channels.</li>
<li><strong>num_channels</strong> (<em>int</em>) &#8211; The number of the input channels. If the parameter is not set
or set to None, it will be automatically set to the channel
number of the &#8216;img&#8217;.</li>
<li><strong>stride</strong> (<em>int</em>) &#8211; The stride on the x axis.</li>
<li><strong>stride_y</strong> (<em>int</em>) &#8211; The stride on the y axis. If the parameter is not set or
set to None, it will be set to &#8216;stride&#8217; automatically.</li>
<li><strong>padding</strong> (<em>int</em>) &#8211; The padding size on the x axis.</li>
<li><strong>padding_y</strong> (<em>int</em>) &#8211; The padding size on the y axis. If the parameter is not set
or set to None, it will be set to &#8216;padding&#8217; automatically.</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">A ConvOperator Object.</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">ConvOperator</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</dd></dl>

</div>
<div class="section" id="conv-projection">
<h3>conv_projection<a class="headerlink" href="#conv-projection" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
<dl class="class">
<dt>
<em class="property">class </em><code class="descclassname">paddle.v2.layer.</code><code class="descname">conv_projection</code></dt>
<dd><p>Different from img_conv and conv_op, conv_projection is a Projection,
which can be used in mixed and concat. It uses cudnn to implement
convolution and only supports GPU mode.</p>
<p>The example usage is:</p>
<div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">proj</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">conv_projection</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">input</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">input1</span><span class="p">,</span>
                       <span class="n">filter_size</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">,</span>
                       <span class="n">num_filters</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">64</span><span class="p">,</span>
                       <span class="n">num_channels</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">64</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
<li><strong>input</strong> (<em>paddle.v2.config_base.Layer</em>) &#8211; The input of this layer.</li>
<li><strong>filter_size</strong> (<em>int | tuple | list</em>) &#8211; The dimensions of the filter kernel. If the parameter is
set to one integer, the two dimensions on x and y axises
will be same when filter_size_y is not set. If it is set
to a list, the first element indicates the dimension on
the x axis, and the second is used to specify the dimension
on the y axis when filter_size_y is not provided.</li>
<li><strong>filter_size_y</strong> (<em>int</em>) &#8211; The dimension of the filter kernel on the y axis. If the parameter
is not set, it will be set automatically according to filter_size.</li>
<li><strong>num_filters</strong> (<em>int</em>) &#8211; The number of filters.</li>
<li><strong>num_channels</strong> (<em>int</em>) &#8211; The number of the input channels.</li>
<li><strong>stride</strong> (<em>int | tuple | list</em>) &#8211; The strides. If the parameter is set to one integer, the strides
on x and y axises will be same when stride_y is not set. If it is
set to a list, the first element indicates the stride on the x axis,
and the second is used to specify the stride on the y axis when
stride_y is not provided.</li>
<li><strong>stride_y</strong> (<em>int</em>) &#8211; The stride on the y axis.</li>
<li><strong>padding</strong> (<em>int | tuple | list</em>) &#8211; The padding sizes. If the parameter is set to one integer, the padding
sizes on x and y axises will be same when padding_y is not set. If it
is set to a list, the first element indicates the padding size on the
x axis, and the second is used to specify the padding size on the y axis
when padding_y is not provided.</li>
<li><strong>padding_y</strong> (<em>int</em>) &#8211; The padding size on the y axis.</li>
<li><strong>groups</strong> (<em>int</em>) &#8211; The group number.</li>
<li><strong>param_attr</strong> (<em>paddle.v2.attr.ParameterAttribute</em>) &#8211; The parameter attribute of the convolution. See paddle.v2.attr.ParameterAttribute for
details.</li>
<li><strong>trans</strong> (<em>bool</em>) &#8211; Whether it is ConvTransProjection or ConvProjection</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">A Projection Object.</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">ConvTransProjection | ConvProjection</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</dd></dl>

</div>
<div class="section" id="conv-shift">
<h3>conv_shift<a class="headerlink" href="#conv-shift" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
<dl class="class">
<dt>
<em class="property">class </em><code class="descclassname">paddle.v2.layer.</code><code class="descname">conv_shift</code></dt>
<dd><dl class="docutils">
<dt>This layer performs cyclic convolution on two inputs. For example:</dt>
<dd><ul class="first last simple">
<li>a[in]: contains M elements.</li>
<li>b[in]: contains N elements (N should be odd).</li>
<li>c[out]: contains M elements.</li>
</ul>
</dd>
</dl>
<div class="math">
\[c[i] = \sum_{j=-(N-1)/2}^{(N-1)/2}a_{i+j} * b_{j}\]</div>
<dl class="docutils">
<dt>In this formula:</dt>
<dd><ul class="first last simple">
<li>a&#8217;s index is computed modulo M. When it is negative, then get item from
the right side (which is the end of array) to the left.</li>
<li>b&#8217;s index is computed modulo N. When it is negative, then get item from
the right size (which is the end of array) to the left.</li>
</ul>
</dd>
</dl>
<p>The example usage is:</p>
<div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">conv_shift</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">conv_shift</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">a</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">layer1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">b</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">layer2</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
<li><strong>name</strong> (<em>basestring</em>) &#8211; The name of this layer. It is optional.</li>
<li><strong>a</strong> (<em>paddle.v2.config_base.Layer</em>) &#8211; The first input of this layer.</li>
<li><strong>b</strong> (<em>paddle.v2.config_base.Layer</em>) &#8211; The second input of this layer.</li>
<li><strong>layer_attr</strong> (<em>paddle.v2.attr.ExtraAttribute</em>) &#8211; The extra layer attribute. See paddle.v2.attr.ExtraAttribute for
details.</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">paddle.v2.config_base.Layer object.</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">paddle.v2.config_base.Layer</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</dd></dl>

</div>
<div class="section" id="img-conv">
<h3>img_conv<a class="headerlink" href="#img-conv" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
<dl class="class">
<dt>
<em class="property">class </em><code class="descclassname">paddle.v2.layer.</code><code class="descname">img_conv</code></dt>
<dd><p>Convolution layer for image. Paddle can support both square and non-square
input currently.</p>
<p>The details of convolution layer, please refer UFLDL&#8217;s <a class="reference external" href="http://ufldl.stanford.edu/tutorial/supervised/FeatureExtractionUsingConvolution/">convolution</a> .</p>
<p>Convolution Transpose (deconv) layer for image. Paddle can support both square
and non-square input currently.</p>
<p>The details of convolution transpose layer,
please refer to the following explanation and references therein
&lt;<a class="reference external" href="http://datascience.stackexchange.com/questions/6107/">http://datascience.stackexchange.com/questions/6107/</a>
what-are-deconvolutional-layers/&gt;`_ .
The num_channel means input image&#8217;s channel number. It may be 1 or 3 when
input is raw pixels of image(mono or RGB), or it may be the previous layer&#8217;s
num_filters * num_group.</p>
<p>There are several groups of filters in PaddlePaddle implementation.
Each group will process some channels of the input. For example, if
num_channel = 256, group = 4, num_filter=32, the PaddlePaddle will create
32*4 = 128 filters to process the input. The channels will be split into 4
pieces. First 256/4 = 64 channels will be processed by first 32 filters. The
rest channels will be processed by the rest groups of filters.</p>
<p>The example usage is:</p>
<div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">conv</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">img_conv</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">input</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">data</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">filter_size</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">filter_size_y</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span>
                      <span class="n">num_channels</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">8</span><span class="p">,</span>
                      <span class="n">num_filters</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">16</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">stride</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span>
                      <span class="n">bias_attr</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="bp">False</span><span class="p">,</span>
                      <span class="n">act</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">paddle</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">v2</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">activation</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Relu</span><span class="p">())</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
<li><strong>name</strong> (<em>basestring</em>) &#8211; The name of this layer. It is optional.</li>
<li><strong>input</strong> (<em>paddle.v2.config_base.Layer</em>) &#8211; The input of this layer.</li>
<li><strong>filter_size</strong> (<em>int | tuple | list</em>) &#8211; The dimensions of the filter kernel. If the parameter is
set to one integer, the two dimensions on x and y axises
will be same when filter_size_y is not set. If it is set
to a list, the first element indicates the dimension on
the x axis, and the second is used to specify the dimension
on the y axis when filter_size_y is not provided.</li>
<li><strong>filter_size_y</strong> (<em>int</em>) &#8211; The dimension of the filter kernel on the y axis. If the parameter
is not set, it will be set automatically according to filter_size.</li>
<li><strong>num_filters</strong> &#8211; Each filter group&#8217;s number of filter</li>
<li><strong>act</strong> (<em>paddle.v2.activation.Base</em>) &#8211; Activation type. paddle.v2.activation.Relu is the default activation.</li>
<li><strong>groups</strong> (<em>int</em>) &#8211; The group number. 1 is the default group number.</li>
<li><strong>stride</strong> (<em>int | tuple | list</em>) &#8211; The strides. If the parameter is set to one integer, the strides
on x and y axises will be same when stride_y is not set. If it is
set to a list, the first element indicates the stride on the x axis,
and the second is used to specify the stride on the y axis when
stride_y is not provided. 1 is the default value.</li>
<li><strong>stride_y</strong> (<em>int</em>) &#8211; The stride on the y axis.</li>
<li><strong>padding</strong> (<em>int | tuple | list</em>) &#8211; The padding sizes. If the parameter is set to one integer, the padding
sizes on x and y axises will be same when padding_y is not set. If it
is set to a list, the first element indicates the padding size on the
x axis, and the second is used to specify the padding size on the y axis
when padding_y is not provided. 0 is the default padding size.</li>
<li><strong>padding_y</strong> (<em>int</em>) &#8211; The padding size on the y axis.</li>
<li><strong>dilation</strong> (<em>int | tuple | list</em>) &#8211; The dimensions of the dilation. If the parameter is set to one integer,
the two dimensions on x and y axises will be same when dilation_y is not
set. If it is set to a list, the first element indicates the dimension
on the x axis, and the second is used to specify the dimension on the y
axis when dilation_y is not provided. 1 is the default dimension.</li>
<li><strong>dilation_y</strong> (<em>int</em>) &#8211; The dimension of the dilation on the y axis.</li>
<li><strong>bias_attr</strong> (<em>paddle.v2.attr.ParameterAttribute | None | bool | Any</em>) &#8211; The bias attribute. If the parameter is set to False or an object
whose type is not paddle.v2.attr.ParameterAttribute, no bias is defined. If the
parameter is set to True, the bias is initialized to zero.</li>
<li><strong>num_channels</strong> (<em>int</em>) &#8211; The number of input channels. If the parameter is not set or
set to None, its actual value will be automatically set to
the channel number of the input.</li>
<li><strong>param_attr</strong> (<em>paddle.v2.attr.ParameterAttribute</em>) &#8211; The parameter attribute. See paddle.v2.attr.ParameterAttribute for
details.</li>
<li><strong>shared_biases</strong> (<em>bool</em>) &#8211; Whether biases will be shared between filters or not.</li>
<li><strong>layer_attr</strong> (<em>paddle.v2.attr.ExtraAttribute</em>) &#8211; The extra layer attributes. See paddle.v2.attr.ExtraAttribute for
details.</li>
<li><strong>trans</strong> (<em>bool</em>) &#8211; True if it is a convTransLayer, False if it is a convLayer</li>
<li><strong>layer_type</strong> (<em>basestring</em>) &#8211; Specify the layer type. If the dilation&#8217;s dimension on one axis is
larger than 1, layer_type has to be &#8220;cudnn_conv&#8221; or &#8220;cudnn_convt&#8221;.
If trans=True, layer_type has to be &#8220;exconvt&#8221; or &#8220;cudnn_convt&#8221;,
otherwise layer_type has to be either &#8220;exconv&#8221; or &#8220;cudnn_conv&#8221;.</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">paddle.v2.config_base.Layer object.</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">paddle.v2.config_base.Layer</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</dd></dl>

</div>
<div class="section" id="context-projection">
<span id="api-v2-layer-context-projection"></span><h3>context_projection<a class="headerlink" href="#context-projection" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
<dl class="class">
<dt>
<em class="property">class </em><code class="descclassname">paddle.v2.layer.</code><code class="descname">context_projection</code></dt>
<dd><p>Context Projection.</p>
<p>It just simply reorganizes input sequence, combines &#8220;context_len&#8221; sequence
to one context from context_start. &#8220;context_start&#8221; will be set to
-(context_len - 1) / 2 by default. If context position out of sequence
length, padding will be filled as zero if padding_attr = False, otherwise
it is trainable.</p>
<p>For example, origin sequence is [A B C D E F G], context len is 3, then
after context projection and not set padding_attr, sequence will
be [ 0AB ABC BCD CDE DEF EFG FG0 ].</p>
<table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
<li><strong>input</strong> (<em>paddle.v2.config_base.Layer</em>) &#8211; The input of this layer, which should be a sequence.</li>
<li><strong>context_len</strong> (<em>int</em>) &#8211; context length.</li>
<li><strong>context_start</strong> (<em>int</em>) &#8211; context start position. Default is
-(context_len - 1)/2</li>
<li><strong>padding_attr</strong> (<em>bool | paddle.v2.attr.ParameterAttribute</em>) &#8211; Padding Parameter Attribute. If false, it means padding
always be zero. Otherwise Padding is learnable, and
parameter attribute is set by this parameter.</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">Projection</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">Projection</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</dd></dl>

</div>
<div class="section" id="row-conv">
<h3>row_conv<a class="headerlink" href="#row-conv" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
<dl class="class">
<dt>
<em class="property">class </em><code class="descclassname">paddle.v2.layer.</code><code class="descname">row_conv</code></dt>
<dd><p>The row convolution is called lookahead convolution. It is firstly
introduced in paper of <a class="reference external" href="https://arxiv.org/pdf/1512.02595v1.pdf">Deep Speech 2: End-to-End Speech Recognition
in English and Mandarin</a> .</p>
<p>The bidirectional RNN that learns representation for a sequence by
performing a forward and a backward pass through the entire sequence.
However, unlike unidirectional RNNs, bidirectional RNNs are challenging
to deploy in an online and low-latency setting. The lookahead convolution
incorporates information from future subsequences in a computationally
efficient manner to improve unidirectional RNNs.</p>
<p>The connection of row convolution is different from the 1D sequence
convolution. Assumed that, the future context-length is k, that is to say,
it can get the output at timestep t by using the the input feature from t-th
timestep to (t+k+1)-th timestep. Assumed that the hidden dim of input
activations are d, the activations r_t for the new layer at time-step t are:</p>
<div class="math">
\[r_{t,r} = \sum_{j=1}^{k + 1} {w_{i,j}h_{t+j-1, i}}
          \quad         ext{for} \quad  (1 \leq i \leq d)\]</div>
<div class="admonition note">
<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p>
<p class="last">The <cite>context_len</cite> is <cite>k + 1</cite>. That is to say, the lookahead step
number plus one equals context_len.</p>
</div>
<div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">row_conv</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">row_conv</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">input</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="nb">input</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">context_len</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
<li><strong>input</strong> (<em>paddle.v2.config_base.Layer</em>) &#8211; The input of this layer.</li>
<li><strong>context_len</strong> (<em>int</em>) &#8211; The context length equals the lookahead step number
plus one.</li>
<li><strong>act</strong> (<em>paddle.v2.activation.Base</em>) &#8211; Activation Type. paddle.v2.activation.Linear is the default activation.</li>
<li><strong>param_attr</strong> (<em>paddle.v2.attr.ParameterAttribute</em>) &#8211; The parameter attribute. See paddle.v2.attr.ParameterAttribute for
details.</li>
<li><strong>layer_attr</strong> (<em>paddle.v2.attr.ExtraAttribute | None</em>) &#8211; The extra layer attribute. See paddle.v2.attr.ExtraAttribute for
details.</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">paddle.v2.config_base.Layer object.</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">paddle.v2.config_base.Layer</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</dd></dl>

</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="image-pooling-layer">
<h2>Image Pooling Layer<a class="headerlink" href="#image-pooling-layer" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<div class="section" id="img-pool">
<h3>img_pool<a class="headerlink" href="#img-pool" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
<dl class="class">
<dt>
<em class="property">class </em><code class="descclassname">paddle.v2.layer.</code><code class="descname">img_pool</code></dt>
<dd><p>Image pooling Layer.</p>
<p>The details of pooling layer, please refer to ufldl&#8217;s <a class="reference external" href="http://ufldl.stanford.edu/tutorial/supervised/Pooling/">pooling</a> .</p>
<ul class="simple">
<li>ceil_mode=True:</li>
</ul>
<div class="math">
\[ \begin{align}\begin{aligned}w &amp; = 1 + \frac{ceil(input\_width + 2 * padding - pool\_size)}{stride}\\h &amp; = 1 + \frac{ceil(input\_height + 2 * padding\_y - pool\_size\_y)}{stride\_y}\end{aligned}\end{align} \]</div>
<ul class="simple">
<li>ceil_mode=False:</li>
</ul>
<div class="math">
\[ \begin{align}\begin{aligned}w &amp; = 1 + \frac{floor(input\_width + 2 * padding - pool\_size)}{stride}\\h &amp; = 1 + \frac{floor(input\_height + 2 * padding\_y - pool\_size\_y)}{stride\_y}\end{aligned}\end{align} \]</div>
<p>The example usage is:</p>
<div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">maxpool</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">img_pool</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">input</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">conv</span><span class="p">,</span>
                         <span class="n">pool_size</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">,</span>
                         <span class="n">pool_size_y</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">,</span>
                         <span class="n">num_channels</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">8</span><span class="p">,</span>
                         <span class="n">stride</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span>
                         <span class="n">stride_y</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span>
                         <span class="n">padding</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span>
                         <span class="n">padding_y</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span>
                         <span class="n">pool_type</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">MaxPooling</span><span class="p">())</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
<li><strong>padding</strong> (<em>int</em>) &#8211; The padding size on the x axis. 0 is the default padding size.</li>
<li><strong>padding_y</strong> &#8211; The padding size on the y axis. If the parameter is not set
or set to None, it will be set to &#8216;padding&#8217; automatically.</li>
<li><strong>name</strong> (<em>basestring</em>) &#8211; The name of this layer. It is optional.</li>
<li><strong>input</strong> (<em>paddle.v2.config_base.Layer</em>) &#8211; The input of this layer.</li>
<li><strong>pool_size</strong> (<em>int</em>) &#8211; The pooling window length on the x axis.</li>
<li><strong>pool_size_y</strong> (<em>int</em>) &#8211; The pooling window length on the y axis. If the parameter is
not set or set to None, its actual value will be automatically
set to pool_size.</li>
<li><strong>num_channels</strong> (<em>int</em>) &#8211; The number of input channels. If the parameter is not set or
set to None, its actual value will be automatically set to
the channels number of the input.</li>
<li><strong>pool_type</strong> (<em>BasePoolingType</em>) &#8211; Pooling type. MaxPooling is the default pooling.</li>
<li><strong>stride</strong> (<em>int</em>) &#8211; The stride on the x axis. 1 is the default value.</li>
<li><strong>stride_y</strong> (<em>int</em>) &#8211; The stride on the y axis. If the parameter is not set or set to
None, its actual value will be automatically set to &#8216;stride&#8217;.</li>
<li><strong>layer_attr</strong> (<em>paddle.v2.attr.ExtraAttribute</em>) &#8211; The extra layer attribute. See paddle.v2.attr.ExtraAttribute for
details.</li>
<li><strong>ceil_mode</strong> (<em>bool</em>) &#8211; Whether to use the ceil function to calculate output height and width.
True is the default. If it is set to False, the floor function will
be used.</li>
<li><strong>exclude_mode</strong> (<em>bool</em>) &#8211; Whether to exclude the padding cells when calculating, but only
work when pool_type is AvgPooling. If None, also exclude the padding
cells. If use cudnn, use CudnnAvgPooling or CudnnAvgInclPadPooling
as pool_type to identify the mode.</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">paddle.v2.config_base.Layer object.</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">paddle.v2.config_base.Layer</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</dd></dl>

</div>
<div class="section" id="spp">
<h3>spp<a class="headerlink" href="#spp" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
<dl class="class">
<dt>
<em class="property">class </em><code class="descclassname">paddle.v2.layer.</code><code class="descname">spp</code></dt>
<dd><p>A layer performs spatial pyramid pooling.</p>
<dl class="docutils">
<dt>Reference:</dt>
<dd><a class="reference external" href="https://arxiv.org/abs/1406.4729">Spatial Pyramid Pooling in Deep Convolutional Networks for Visual Recognition</a></dd>
</dl>
<p>The example usage is:</p>
<div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">spp</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">spp</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">input</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">data</span><span class="p">,</span>
                <span class="n">pyramid_height</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span>
                <span class="n">num_channels</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">16</span><span class="p">,</span>
                <span class="n">pool_type</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">MaxPooling</span><span class="p">())</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
<li><strong>name</strong> (<em>basestring</em>) &#8211; The name of this layer. It is optional.</li>
<li><strong>input</strong> (<em>paddle.v2.config_base.Layer</em>) &#8211; The input of this layer.</li>
<li><strong>num_channels</strong> (<em>int</em>) &#8211; The number of input channels. If the parameter is not set or
set to None, its actual value will be automatically set to
the channels number of the input.</li>
<li><strong>pool_type</strong> &#8211; Pooling type. MaxPooling is the default pooling.</li>
<li><strong>pyramid_height</strong> (<em>int</em>) &#8211; The pyramid height of this pooling.</li>
<li><strong>layer_attr</strong> (<em>paddle.v2.attr.ExtraAttribute</em>) &#8211; The extra layer attribute. See paddle.v2.attr.ExtraAttribute for
details.</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">paddle.v2.config_base.Layer object.</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">paddle.v2.config_base.Layer</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</dd></dl>

</div>
<div class="section" id="maxout">
<h3>maxout<a class="headerlink" href="#maxout" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
<dl class="class">
<dt>
<em class="property">class </em><code class="descclassname">paddle.v2.layer.</code><code class="descname">maxout</code></dt>
<dd><dl class="docutils">
<dt>A layer to do max out on convolutional layer output.</dt>
<dd><ul class="first last simple">
<li>Input: the output of a convolutional layer.</li>
<li>Output: feature map size same as the input&#8217;s, and its channel number is
(input channel) / groups.</li>
</ul>
</dd>
</dl>
<p>So groups should be larger than 1, and the num of channels should be able
to be devided by groups.</p>
<dl class="docutils">
<dt>Reference:</dt>
<dd><a class="reference external" href="http://www.jmlr.org/proceedings/papers/v28/goodfellow13.pdf">Maxout Networks</a>
<a class="reference external" href="https://arxiv.org/pdf/1312.6082v4.pdf">Multi-digit Number Recognition from Street View Imagery using Deep Convolutional Neural Networks</a></dd>
</dl>
<div class="math">
\[ \begin{align}\begin{aligned}&amp; out = \max_k (in[n, k, o_c , s])\\&amp; out_{i * s + j} = \max_k in_{  k * o_{c} * s + i * s + j}\\&amp; s = \frac{input.size}{ num\_channels}\\&amp; o_{c} = \frac{num\_channels}{groups}\\&amp; 0 \le i &lt; o_{c}\\&amp; 0 \le j &lt; s\\&amp; 0 \le k &lt; groups\end{aligned}\end{align} \]</div>
<p>The simple usage is:</p>
<div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">maxout</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">maxout</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">input</span><span class="p">,</span>
                      <span class="n">num_channels</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">128</span><span class="p">,</span>
                      <span class="n">groups</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
<li><strong>input</strong> (<em>paddle.v2.config_base.Layer</em>) &#8211; The input of this layer.</li>
<li><strong>num_channels</strong> (<em>int</em>) &#8211; The number of input channels. If the parameter is not set or
set to None, its actual value will be automatically set to
the channels number of the input.</li>
<li><strong>groups</strong> (<em>int</em>) &#8211; The group number of input layer.</li>
<li><strong>name</strong> (<em>basestring</em>) &#8211; The name of this layer. It is optional.</li>
<li><strong>layer_attr</strong> (<em>paddle.v2.attr.ExtraAttribute</em>) &#8211; The extra layer attribute. See paddle.v2.attr.ExtraAttribute for
details.</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">paddle.v2.config_base.Layer object.</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">paddle.v2.config_base.Layer</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</dd></dl>

</div>
<div class="section" id="roi-pool">
<h3>roi_pool<a class="headerlink" href="#roi-pool" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
<dl class="class">
<dt>
<em class="property">class </em><code class="descclassname">paddle.v2.layer.</code><code class="descname">roi_pool</code></dt>
<dd><p>A layer used by Fast R-CNN to extract feature maps of ROIs from the last
feature map.</p>
<table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
<li><strong>name</strong> (<em>basestring</em>) &#8211; The Layer Name.</li>
<li><strong>input</strong> (<em>paddle.v2.config_base.Layer.</em>) &#8211; The input layer.</li>
<li><strong>rois</strong> (<em>paddle.v2.config_base.Layer.</em>) &#8211; The input ROIs&#8217; data.</li>
<li><strong>pooled_width</strong> (<em>int</em>) &#8211; The width after pooling.</li>
<li><strong>pooled_height</strong> (<em>int</em>) &#8211; The height after pooling.</li>
<li><strong>spatial_scale</strong> (<em>float</em>) &#8211; The spatial scale between the image and feature map.</li>
<li><strong>num_channels</strong> (<em>int</em>) &#8211; number of input channel.</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">paddle.v2.config_base.Layer</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</dd></dl>

</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="norm-layer">
<h2>Norm Layer<a class="headerlink" href="#norm-layer" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<div class="section" id="img-cmrnorm">
<h3>img_cmrnorm<a class="headerlink" href="#img-cmrnorm" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
<dl class="class">
<dt>
<em class="property">class </em><code class="descclassname">paddle.v2.layer.</code><code class="descname">img_cmrnorm</code></dt>
<dd><p>Response normalization across feature maps.</p>
<dl class="docutils">
<dt>Reference:</dt>
<dd><a class="reference external" href="http://www.cs.toronto.edu/~fritz/absps/imagenet.pdf">ImageNet Classification with Deep Convolutional Neural Networks</a></dd>
</dl>
<p>The example usage is:</p>
<div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">norm</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">img_cmrnorm</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">input</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">net</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">size</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
<li><strong>name</strong> (<em>basestring</em>) &#8211; The name of this layer. It is optional.</li>
<li><strong>input</strong> (<em>paddle.v2.config_base.Layer</em>) &#8211; The input of this layer.</li>
<li><strong>size</strong> (<em>int</em>) &#8211; Normalize in number of <span class="math">\(size\)</span> feature maps.</li>
<li><strong>scale</strong> (<em>float</em>) &#8211; The hyper-parameter.</li>
<li><strong>power</strong> (<em>float</em>) &#8211; The hyper-parameter.</li>
<li><strong>num_channels</strong> &#8211; The number of input channels. If the parameter is not set or
set to None, its actual value will be automatically set to
the channels number of the input.</li>
<li><strong>layer_attr</strong> (<em>paddle.v2.attr.ExtraAttribute</em>) &#8211; The extra layer attributes. See paddle.v2.attr.ExtraAttribute for
details.</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">paddle.v2.config_base.Layer object.</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">paddle.v2.config_base.Layer</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</dd></dl>

</div>
<div class="section" id="batch-norm">
<h3>batch_norm<a class="headerlink" href="#batch-norm" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
<dl class="class">
<dt>
<em class="property">class </em><code class="descclassname">paddle.v2.layer.</code><code class="descname">batch_norm</code></dt>
<dd><p>Batch Normalization Layer. The notation of this layer is as follows.</p>
<p><span class="math">\(x\)</span> is the input features over a mini-batch.</p>
<div class="math">
\[\begin{split}\mu_{\beta} &amp;\gets \frac{1}{m} \sum_{i=1}^{m} x_i \qquad &amp;//\
\ mini-batch\ mean \\
\sigma_{\beta}^{2} &amp;\gets \frac{1}{m} \sum_{i=1}^{m}(x_i - \
\mu_{\beta})^2 \qquad &amp;//\ mini-batch\ variance \\
\hat{x_i} &amp;\gets \frac{x_i - \mu_\beta} {\sqrt{\
\sigma_{\beta}^{2} + \epsilon}} \qquad &amp;//\ normalize \\
y_i &amp;\gets \gamma \hat{x_i} + \beta \qquad &amp;//\ scale\ and\ shift\end{split}\]</div>
<dl class="docutils">
<dt>Reference:</dt>
<dd><a class="reference external" href="http://arxiv.org/abs/1502.03167">Batch Normalization: Accelerating Deep Network Training by Reducing
Internal Covariate Shift</a></dd>
</dl>
<p>The example usage is:</p>
<div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">norm</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">batch_norm</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">input</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">net</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">act</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">paddle</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">v2</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">activation</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Relu</span><span class="p">())</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
<li><strong>name</strong> (<em>basestring</em>) &#8211; The name of this layer. It is optional.</li>
<li><strong>input</strong> (<em>paddle.v2.config_base.Layer</em>) &#8211; This layer&#8217;s input which is to be performed batch normalization on.</li>
<li><strong>batch_norm_type</strong> (<em>None | string</em><em>, </em><em>None</em><em> or </em><em>&quot;batch_norm&quot;</em><em> or </em><em>&quot;cudnn_batch_norm&quot;</em><em>
or </em><em>&quot;mkldnn_batch_norm&quot;</em>) &#8211; We have batch_norm, mkldnn_batch_norm and cudnn_batch_norm.
batch_norm supports CPU, MKLDNN and GPU. cudnn_batch_norm
requires cuDNN version greater or equal to v4 (&gt;=v4).
But cudnn_batch_norm is faster and needs less
memory than batch_norm. mkldnn_batch_norm requires
use_mkldnn is enabled. By default (None), we will
automatically select cudnn_batch_norm for GPU,
mkldnn_batch_norm for MKLDNN and batch_norm for CPU.
Users can specify the batch norm type. If you use
cudnn_batch_norm, we suggested you use latest version,
such as v5.1.</li>
<li><strong>act</strong> (<em>paddle.v2.activation.Base</em>) &#8211; Activation type. paddle.v2.activation.Relu is the default activation.</li>
<li><strong>num_channels</strong> (<em>int</em>) &#8211; The number of input channels. If the parameter is not set or
set to None, its actual value will be automatically set to
the channels number of the input.</li>
<li><strong>bias_attr</strong> (<em>paddle.v2.attr.ParameterAttribute | None | bool | Any</em>) &#8211; <span class="math">\(\beta\)</span>. The bias attribute. If the parameter is set to
False or an object whose type is not paddle.v2.attr.ParameterAttribute, no
bias is defined. If the parameter is set to True, the bias is
initialized to zero.</li>
<li><strong>param_attr</strong> (<em>paddle.v2.attr.ParameterAttribute</em>) &#8211; <span class="math">\(\gamma\)</span>. The parameter attribute. See paddle.v2.attr.ParameterAttribute
for details.</li>
<li><strong>layer_attr</strong> (<em>paddle.v2.attr.ExtraAttribute</em>) &#8211; The extra layer attribute. See paddle.v2.attr.ExtraAttribute for
details.</li>
<li><strong>use_global_stats</strong> (<em>bool | None.</em>) &#8211; Whether use moving mean/variance statistics during
testing peroid. If the parameter is set to None or
True, it will use moving mean/variance statistics
during testing. If the parameter is set to False, it
will use the mean and variance of the current batch
of test data.</li>
<li><strong>epsilon</strong> (<em>float.</em>) &#8211; The small constant added to the variance to improve numeric stability.</li>
<li><strong>moving_average_fraction</strong> (<em>float.</em>) &#8211; Factor used in the moving average computation.
<span class="math">\(runningMean = newMean*(1-factor) + runningMean*factor\)</span></li>
<li><strong>mean_var_names</strong> (<em>string list</em>) &#8211; [mean name, variance name]</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">paddle.v2.config_base.Layer object.</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">paddle.v2.config_base.Layer</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</dd></dl>

</div>
<div class="section" id="sum-to-one-norm">
<h3>sum_to_one_norm<a class="headerlink" href="#sum-to-one-norm" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
<dl class="class">
<dt>
<em class="property">class </em><code class="descclassname">paddle.v2.layer.</code><code class="descname">sum_to_one_norm</code></dt>
<dd><p>A layer for sum-to-one normalization,
which is used in NEURAL TURING MACHINE.</p>
<div class="math">
\[out[i] = \frac {in[i]} {\sum_{k=1}^N in[k]}\]</div>
<p>where <span class="math">\(in\)</span> is a (batchSize x dataDim) input vector,
and <span class="math">\(out\)</span> is a (batchSize x dataDim) output vector.</p>
<p>The example usage is:</p>
<div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">sum_to_one_norm</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">sum_to_one_norm</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">input</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">layer</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
<li><strong>input</strong> (<em>paddle.v2.config_base.Layer</em>) &#8211; The input of this layer.</li>
<li><strong>name</strong> (<em>basestring</em>) &#8211; The name of this layer. It is optional.</li>
<li><strong>layer_attr</strong> (<em>paddle.v2.attr.ExtraAttribute</em>) &#8211; The extra layer attribute. See paddle.v2.attr.ExtraAttribute
for details.</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">paddle.v2.config_base.Layer object.</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">paddle.v2.config_base.Layer</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</dd></dl>

</div>
<div class="section" id="cross-channel-norm">
<h3>cross_channel_norm<a class="headerlink" href="#cross-channel-norm" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
<dl class="class">
<dt>
<em class="property">class </em><code class="descclassname">paddle.v2.layer.</code><code class="descname">cross_channel_norm</code></dt>
<dd><p>Normalize a layer&#8217;s output. This layer is necessary for ssd.
This layer applys normalize across the channels of each sample to
a conv layer&#8217;s output and scale the output by a group of trainable
factors which dimensions equal to the channel&#8217;s number.</p>
<table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
<li><strong>name</strong> (<em>basestring</em>) &#8211; The name of this layer. It is optional.</li>
<li><strong>input</strong> (<em>paddle.v2.config_base.Layer</em>) &#8211; The input of this layer.</li>
<li><strong>param_attr</strong> (<em>paddle.v2.attr.ParameterAttribute</em>) &#8211; The Parameter Attribute|list.</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">paddle.v2.config_base.Layer</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</dd></dl>

</div>
<div class="section" id="row-l2-norm">
<h3>row_l2_norm<a class="headerlink" href="#row-l2-norm" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
<dl class="class">
<dt>
<em class="property">class </em><code class="descclassname">paddle.v2.layer.</code><code class="descname">row_l2_norm</code></dt>
<dd><p>A layer for L2-normalization in each row.</p>
<div class="math">
\[out[i] = \frac{in[i]} {\sqrt{\sum_{k=1}^N in[k]^{2}}}\]</div>
<p>where the size of <span class="math">\(in\)</span> is (batchSize x dataDim) ,
and the size of <span class="math">\(out\)</span> is a (batchSize x dataDim) .</p>
<p>The example usage is:</p>
<div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">row_l2_norm</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">row_l2_norm</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">input</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">layer</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
<li><strong>input</strong> (<em>paddle.v2.config_base.Layer</em>) &#8211; The input of this layer.</li>
<li><strong>name</strong> (<em>basestring</em>) &#8211; The name of this layer. It is optional.</li>
<li><strong>layer_attr</strong> (<em>paddle.v2.attr.ExtraAttribute</em>) &#8211; The extra layer attribute. See paddle.v2.attr.ExtraAttribute
for details.</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">paddle.v2.config_base.Layer object.</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">paddle.v2.config_base.Layer</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</dd></dl>

</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="recurrent-layers">
<h2>Recurrent Layers<a class="headerlink" href="#recurrent-layers" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<div class="section" id="recurrent">
<h3>recurrent<a class="headerlink" href="#recurrent" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
<dl class="class">
<dt>
<em class="property">class </em><code class="descclassname">paddle.v2.layer.</code><code class="descname">recurrent</code></dt>
<dd><p>Simple recurrent unit layer. It is just a fully connect layer through both
time and neural network.</p>
<p>For each sequence [start, end] it performs the following computation:</p>
<div class="math">
\[\begin{split}out_{i} = act(in_{i})     \      \      \text{for} \ i = start \\
out_{i} = act(in_{i} + out_{i-1} * W) \ \ \text{for} \ start &lt; i &lt;= end\end{split}\]</div>
<p>If reversed is true, the order is reversed:</p>
<div class="math">
\[\begin{split}out_{i} = act(in_{i})           \    \   \text{for} \ i = end  \\
out_{i} = act(in_{i} + out_{i+1} * W) \ \ \text{for} \ start &lt;= i &lt; end\end{split}\]</div>
<table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
<li><strong>input</strong> (<em>paddle.v2.config_base.Layer</em>) &#8211; The input of this layer.</li>
<li><strong>act</strong> (<em>paddle.v2.activation.Base</em>) &#8211; Activation type. paddle.v2.activation.Tanh is the default activation.</li>
<li><strong>bias_attr</strong> (<em>paddle.v2.attr.ParameterAttribute | None | bool | Any</em>) &#8211; The parameter attribute for bias. If this parameter is set to
False or an object whose type is not paddle.v2.attr.ParameterAttribute,
no bias is defined. If the parameter is set to True,
the bias is initialized to zero.</li>
<li><strong>param_attr</strong> (<em>paddle.v2.attr.ParameterAttribute</em>) &#8211; The parameter attribute. See paddle.v2.attr.ParameterAttribute for
details.</li>
<li><strong>name</strong> (<em>basestring</em>) &#8211; The name of this layer. It is optional.</li>
<li><strong>layer_attr</strong> (<em>paddle.v2.attr.ExtraAttribute</em>) &#8211; The extra layer attribute. See paddle.v2.attr.ExtraAttribute for
details.</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">paddle.v2.config_base.Layer object.</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">paddle.v2.config_base.Layer</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</dd></dl>

</div>
<div class="section" id="lstmemory">
<h3>lstmemory<a class="headerlink" href="#lstmemory" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
<dl class="class">
<dt>
<em class="property">class </em><code class="descclassname">paddle.v2.layer.</code><code class="descname">lstmemory</code></dt>
<dd><p>Long Short-term Memory Cell.</p>
<p>The memory cell was implemented as follow equations.</p>
<div class="math">
\[ \begin{align}\begin{aligned}i_t &amp; = \sigma(W_{xi}x_{t} + W_{hi}h_{t-1} + W_{ci}c_{t-1} + b_i)\\f_t &amp; = \sigma(W_{xf}x_{t} + W_{hf}h_{t-1} + W_{cf}c_{t-1} + b_f)\\c_t &amp; = f_tc_{t-1} + i_t tanh (W_{xc}x_t+W_{hc}h_{t-1} + b_c)\\o_t &amp; = \sigma(W_{xo}x_{t} + W_{ho}h_{t-1} + W_{co}c_t + b_o)\\h_t &amp; = o_t tanh(c_t)\end{aligned}\end{align} \]</div>
<p>NOTE: In PaddlePaddle&#8217;s implementation, the multiplications
<span class="math">\(W_{xi}x_{t}\)</span> , <span class="math">\(W_{xf}x_{t}\)</span>,
<span class="math">\(W_{xc}x_t\)</span>, <span class="math">\(W_{xo}x_{t}\)</span> are not done in the lstmemory layer,
so an additional mixed with full_matrix_projection or a fc must
be included in the configuration file to complete the input-to-hidden
mappings before lstmemory is called.</p>
<p>NOTE: This is a low level user interface. You can use network.simple_lstm
to config a simple plain lstm layer.</p>
<dl class="docutils">
<dt>Reference:</dt>
<dd><a class="reference external" href="https://arxiv.org/pdf/1308.0850.pdf">Generating Sequences With Recurrent Neural Networks</a></dd>
</dl>
<table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
<li><strong>name</strong> (<em>basestring</em>) &#8211; The name of this layer. It is optional.</li>
<li><strong>size</strong> (<em>int</em>) &#8211; DEPRECATED. The dimension of the lstm cell.</li>
<li><strong>input</strong> (<em>paddle.v2.config_base.Layer</em>) &#8211; The input of this layer.</li>
<li><strong>reverse</strong> (<em>bool</em>) &#8211; Whether the input sequence is processed in a reverse order.</li>
<li><strong>act</strong> (<em>paddle.v2.activation.Base</em>) &#8211; Activation type. paddle.v2.activation.Tanh is the default activation.</li>
<li><strong>gate_act</strong> (<em>paddle.v2.activation.Base</em>) &#8211; Activation type of this layer&#8217;s gates. paddle.v2.activation.Sigmoid is the
default activation.</li>
<li><strong>state_act</strong> (<em>paddle.v2.activation.Base</em>) &#8211; Activation type of the state. paddle.v2.activation.Tanh is the default activation.</li>
<li><strong>bias_attr</strong> (<em>paddle.v2.attr.ParameterAttribute | None | bool | Any</em>) &#8211; The bias attribute. If the parameter is set to False or an object
whose type is not paddle.v2.attr.ParameterAttribute, no bias is defined. If the
parameter is set to True, the bias is initialized to zero.</li>
<li><strong>param_attr</strong> (<em>paddle.v2.attr.ParameterAttribute</em>) &#8211; The parameter attribute. See paddle.v2.attr.ParameterAttribute for details.</li>
<li><strong>layer_attr</strong> (<em>paddle.v2.attr.ExtraAttribute | None</em>) &#8211; The extra layer attribute. See paddle.v2.attr.ExtraAttribute for
details.</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">paddle.v2.config_base.Layer object.</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">paddle.v2.config_base.Layer</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</dd></dl>

</div>
<div class="section" id="grumemory">
<h3>grumemory<a class="headerlink" href="#grumemory" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
<dl class="class">
<dt>
<em class="property">class </em><code class="descclassname">paddle.v2.layer.</code><code class="descname">grumemory</code></dt>
<dd><p>Gate Recurrent Unit Layer.</p>
<p>The memory cell was implemented as follow equations.</p>
<p>1. update gate <span class="math">\(z\)</span>: defines how much of the previous memory to
keep around or the unit updates its activations. The update gate
is computed by:</p>
<div class="math">
\[z_t = \sigma(W_{z}x_{t} + U_{z}h_{t-1} + b_z)\]</div>
<p>2. reset gate <span class="math">\(r\)</span>: determines how to combine the new input with the
previous memory. The reset gate is computed similarly to the update gate:</p>
<div class="math">
\[r_t = \sigma(W_{r}x_{t} + U_{r}h_{t-1} + b_r)\]</div>
<p>3. The candidate activation <span class="math">\(\tilde{h_t}\)</span> is computed similarly to
that of the traditional recurrent unit:</p>
<div class="math">
\[{\tilde{h_t}} = tanh(W x_{t} + U (r_{t} \odot h_{t-1}) + b)\]</div>
<p>4. The hidden activation <span class="math">\(h_t\)</span> of the GRU at time t is a linear
interpolation between the previous activation <span class="math">\(h_{t-1}\)</span> and the
candidate activation <span class="math">\(\tilde{h_t}\)</span>:</p>
<div class="math">
\[h_t = (1 - z_t) h_{t-1} + z_t {\tilde{h_t}}\]</div>
<p>NOTE: In PaddlePaddle&#8217;s implementation, the multiplication operations
<span class="math">\(W_{r}x_{t}\)</span>, <span class="math">\(W_{z}x_{t}\)</span> and <span class="math">\(W x_t\)</span> are not performed
in gate_recurrent layer. Consequently, an additional mixed with
full_matrix_projection or a fc must be included before grumemory
is called.</p>
<dl class="docutils">
<dt>Reference:</dt>
<dd><a class="reference external" href="https://arxiv.org/abs/1412.3555">Empirical Evaluation of Gated Recurrent Neural Networks on Sequence Modeling</a></dd>
</dl>
<p>The simple usage is:</p>
<div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">gru</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">grumemory</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">input</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
<li><strong>name</strong> (<em>basestring</em>) &#8211; The name of this layer. It is optional.</li>
<li><strong>input</strong> (<em>paddle.v2.config_base.Layer.</em>) &#8211; The input of this layer.</li>
<li><strong>size</strong> (<em>int</em>) &#8211; DEPRECATED. The dimension of the gru cell.</li>
<li><strong>reverse</strong> (<em>bool</em>) &#8211; Whether the input sequence is processed in a reverse order.</li>
<li><strong>act</strong> (<em>paddle.v2.activation.Base</em>) &#8211; Activation type, paddle.v2.activation.Tanh is the default. This activation
affects the <span class="math">\({\tilde{h_t}}\)</span>.</li>
<li><strong>gate_act</strong> (<em>paddle.v2.activation.Base</em>) &#8211; Activation type of this layer&#8217;s two gates. paddle.v2.activation.Sigmoid is
the default activation. This activation affects the <span class="math">\(z_t\)</span>
and <span class="math">\(r_t\)</span>. It is the <span class="math">\(\sigma\)</span> in the above formula.</li>
<li><strong>bias_attr</strong> (<em>paddle.v2.attr.ParameterAttribute | None | bool | Any</em>) &#8211; The bias attribute. If the parameter is set to False or an object
whose type is not paddle.v2.attr.ParameterAttribute, no bias is defined. If the
parameter is set to True, the bias is initialized to zero.</li>
<li><strong>param_attr</strong> (<em>paddle.v2.attr.ParameterAttribute</em>) &#8211; The parameter attribute. See paddle.v2.attr.ParameterAttribute for details.</li>
<li><strong>layer_attr</strong> (<em>paddle.v2.attr.ExtraAttribute | None</em>) &#8211; The extra layer attribute. See paddle.v2.attr.ExtraAttribute for
details.</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">paddle.v2.config_base.Layer object.</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">paddle.v2.config_base.Layer</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</dd></dl>

</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="recurrent-layer-group">
<h2>Recurrent Layer Group<a class="headerlink" href="#recurrent-layer-group" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<div class="section" id="memory">
<h3>memory<a class="headerlink" href="#memory" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
<dl class="class">
<dt>
<em class="property">class </em><code class="descclassname">paddle.v2.layer.</code><code class="descname">memory</code></dt>
<dd><p>The memory takes a layer&#8217;s output at previous time step as its own output.</p>
<p>If boot_bias, the activation of the bias is the initial value of the memory.</p>
<p>If boot_with_const_id is set, then the memory&#8217;s output at the first time step
is a IndexSlot, the Arguments.ids()[0] is this <code class="code docutils literal"><span class="pre">cost_id</span></code>.</p>
<p>If boot is specified, the memory&#8217;s output at the first time step will
be the boot&#8217;s output.</p>
<p>In other case, the default memory&#8217;s output at the first time step is zero.</p>
<div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">mem</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">memory</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">size</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">256</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">name</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">&#39;state&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">state</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">fc</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">input</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">mem</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">size</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">256</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">name</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">&#39;state&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>If you do not want to specify the name, you can also use set_input()
to specify the layer to be remembered as the following:</p>
<div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">mem</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">memory</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">size</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">256</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">state</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">fc</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">input</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">mem</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">size</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">256</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">mem</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">set_input</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">mem</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
<li><strong>name</strong> (<em>basestring</em>) &#8211; The name of the layer which this memory remembers.
If name is None, user should call set_input() to specify the
name of the layer which this memory remembers.</li>
<li><strong>size</strong> (<em>int</em>) &#8211; The dimensionality of memory.</li>
<li><strong>memory_name</strong> (<em>basestring</em>) &#8211; The name of the memory. It is ignored when name is provided.</li>
<li><strong>is_seq</strong> (<em>bool</em>) &#8211; DEPRECATED. is sequence for boot</li>
<li><strong>boot</strong> (<em>paddle.v2.config_base.Layer | None</em>) &#8211; This parameter specifies memory&#8217;s output at the first time
step and the output is boot&#8217;s output.</li>
<li><strong>boot_bias</strong> (<em>paddle.v2.attr.ParameterAttribute | None</em>) &#8211; The bias attribute of memory&#8217;s output at the first time step.
If the parameter is set to False or an object whose type is not
paddle.v2.attr.ParameterAttribute, no bias is defined. If the parameter is set
to True, the bias is initialized to zero.</li>
<li><strong>boot_bias_active_type</strong> (<em>paddle.v2.activation.Base</em>) &#8211; Activation type for memory&#8217;s bias at the first time
step. paddle.v2.activation.Linear is the default activation.</li>
<li><strong>boot_with_const_id</strong> (<em>int</em>) &#8211; This parameter specifies memory&#8217;s output at the first
time step and the output is an index.</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">paddle.v2.config_base.Layer object.</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">paddle.v2.config_base.Layer</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</dd></dl>

</div>
<div class="section" id="recurrent-group">
<h3>recurrent_group<a class="headerlink" href="#recurrent-group" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
<dl class="class">
<dt>
<em class="property">class </em><code class="descclassname">paddle.v2.layer.</code><code class="descname">recurrent_group</code></dt>
<dd><p>Recurrent layer group is an extremely flexible recurrent unit in
PaddlePaddle. As long as the user defines the calculation done within a
time step, PaddlePaddle will iterate such a recurrent calculation over
sequence input. This is useful for attention-based models, or Neural
Turning Machine like models.</p>
<p>The basic usage (time steps) is:</p>
<div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">step</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">input</span><span class="p">):</span>
    <span class="n">output</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">fc</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">input</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">layer</span><span class="p">,</span>
                      <span class="n">size</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">1024</span><span class="p">,</span>
                      <span class="n">act</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">paddle</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">v2</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">activation</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Linear</span><span class="p">(),</span>
                      <span class="n">bias_attr</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="bp">False</span><span class="p">)</span>
    <span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">output</span>

<span class="n">group</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">recurrent_group</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">input</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">layer</span><span class="p">,</span>
                        <span class="n">step</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">step</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>You can see following configs for further usages:</p>
<ul class="simple">
<li>time steps: lstmemory_group, paddle/gserver/tests/sequence_group.conf,                   demo/seqToseq/seqToseq_net.py</li>
<li>sequence steps: paddle/gserver/tests/sequence_nest_group.conf</li>
</ul>
<table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
<li><strong>step</strong> (<em>callable</em>) &#8211; <p>A step function which takes the input of recurrent_group as its own
input and returns values as recurrent_group&#8217;s output every time step.</p>
<p>The recurrent group scatters a sequence into time steps. And
for each time step, it will invoke step function, and return
a time step result. Then gather outputs of each time step into
layer group&#8217;s output.</p>
</li>
<li><strong>name</strong> (<em>basestring</em>) &#8211; The recurrent_group&#8217;s name. It is optional.</li>
<li><strong>input</strong> (<em>paddle.v2.config_base.Layer | StaticInput | SubsequenceInput | list | tuple</em>) &#8211; <p>Input links array.</p>
<p>paddle.v2.config_base.Layer will be scattered into time steps.
SubsequenceInput will be scattered into sequence steps.
StaticInput will be imported to each time step, and doesn&#8217;t change
over time. It&#8217;s a mechanism to access layer outside step function.</p>
</li>
<li><strong>reverse</strong> (<em>bool</em>) &#8211; If reverse is set to True, the recurrent unit will process the
input sequence in a reverse order.</li>
<li><strong>targetInlink</strong> (<em>paddle.v2.config_base.Layer | SubsequenceInput</em>) &#8211; <p>DEPRECATED.
The input layer which share info with layer group&#8217;s output</p>
<p>Param input specifies multiple input layers. For
SubsequenceInput inputs, config should assign one input
layer that share info(the number of sentences and the number
of words in each sentence) with all layer group&#8217;s outputs.
targetInlink should be one of the layer group&#8217;s input.</p>
</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">paddle.v2.config_base.Layer object.</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">paddle.v2.config_base.Layer</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</dd></dl>

</div>
<div class="section" id="lstm-step">
<h3>lstm_step<a class="headerlink" href="#lstm-step" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
<dl class="class">
<dt>
<em class="property">class </em><code class="descclassname">paddle.v2.layer.</code><code class="descname">lstm_step</code></dt>
<dd><p>LSTM Step Layer. This function is used only in recurrent_group.
The lstm equations are shown as follows.</p>
<div class="math">
\[ \begin{align}\begin{aligned}i_t &amp; = \sigma(W_{x_i}x_{t} + W_{h_i}h_{t-1} + W_{c_i}c_{t-1} + b_i)\\f_t &amp; = \sigma(W_{x_f}x_{t} + W_{h_f}h_{t-1} + W_{c_f}c_{t-1} + b_f)\\c_t &amp; = f_tc_{t-1} + i_t tanh (W_{x_c}x_t+W_{h_c}h_{t-1} + b_c)\\o_t &amp; = \sigma(W_{x_o}x_{t} + W_{h_o}h_{t-1} + W_{c_o}c_t + b_o)\\h_t &amp; = o_t tanh(c_t)\end{aligned}\end{align} \]</div>
<p>The input of lstm step is <span class="math">\(Wx_t + Wh_{t-1}\)</span>, and user should use
<code class="code docutils literal"><span class="pre">mixed</span></code> and <code class="code docutils literal"><span class="pre">full_matrix_projection</span></code> to calculate these
input vectors.</p>
<p>The state of lstm step is <span class="math">\(c_{t-1}\)</span>. And lstm step layer will do</p>
<div class="math">
\[ \begin{align}\begin{aligned}i_t = \sigma(input + W_{ci}c_{t-1} + b_i)\\...\end{aligned}\end{align} \]</div>
<p>This layer has two outputs. The default output is <span class="math">\(h_t\)</span>. The other
output is <span class="math">\(o_t\)</span>, whose name is &#8216;state&#8217; and users can use
<code class="code docutils literal"><span class="pre">get_output</span></code> to extract this output.</p>
<table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
<li><strong>name</strong> (<em>basestring</em>) &#8211; The name of this layer. It is optional.</li>
<li><strong>size</strong> (<em>int</em>) &#8211; The dimension of this layer&#8217;s output, which must be
equal to the dimension of the state.</li>
<li><strong>input</strong> (<em>paddle.v2.config_base.Layer</em>) &#8211; The input of this layer.</li>
<li><strong>state</strong> (<em>paddle.v2.config_base.Layer</em>) &#8211; The state of the LSTM unit.</li>
<li><strong>act</strong> (<em>paddle.v2.activation.Base</em>) &#8211; Activation type. paddle.v2.activation.Tanh is the default activation.</li>
<li><strong>gate_act</strong> (<em>paddle.v2.activation.Base</em>) &#8211; Activation type of the gate. paddle.v2.activation.Sigmoid is the
default activation.</li>
<li><strong>state_act</strong> (<em>paddle.v2.activation.Base</em>) &#8211; Activation type of the state. paddle.v2.activation.Tanh is the
default activation.</li>
<li><strong>bias_attr</strong> (<em>paddle.v2.attr.ParameterAttribute | None | bool | Any</em>) &#8211; The bias attribute. If the parameter is set to False or an object
whose type is not paddle.v2.attr.ParameterAttribute, no bias is defined. If the
parameter is set to True, the bias is initialized to zero.</li>
<li><strong>layer_attr</strong> (<em>paddle.v2.attr.ExtraAttribute</em>) &#8211; The extra layer attribute. See paddle.v2.attr.ExtraAttribute for details.</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">paddle.v2.config_base.Layer object.</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">paddle.v2.config_base.Layer</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</dd></dl>

</div>
<div class="section" id="gru-step">
<h3>gru_step<a class="headerlink" href="#gru-step" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
<dl class="class">
<dt>
<em class="property">class </em><code class="descclassname">paddle.v2.layer.</code><code class="descname">gru_step</code></dt>
<dd><table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
<li><strong>input</strong> (<em>paddle.v2.config_base.Layer</em>) &#8211; The input of this layer, whose dimension can be divided by 3.</li>
<li><strong>output_mem</strong> (<em>paddle.v2.config_base.Layer</em>) &#8211; A memory which memorizes the output of this layer at previous
time step.</li>
<li><strong>size</strong> (<em>int</em>) &#8211; The dimension of this layer&#8217;s output. If it is not set or set to None,
it will be set to one-third of the dimension of the input automatically.</li>
<li><strong>act</strong> (<em>paddle.v2.activation.Base</em>) &#8211; Activation type of this layer&#8217;s output. paddle.v2.activation.Tanh
is the default activation.</li>
<li><strong>name</strong> (<em>basestring</em>) &#8211; The name of this layer. It is optional.</li>
<li><strong>gate_act</strong> (<em>paddle.v2.activation.Base</em>) &#8211; Activation type of this layer&#8217;s two gates. paddle.v2.activation.Sigmoid is
the default activation.</li>
<li><strong>bias_attr</strong> (<em>paddle.v2.attr.ParameterAttribute | None | bool | Any</em>) &#8211; The parameter attribute for bias. If this parameter is set to
False or an object whose type is not paddle.v2.attr.ParameterAttribute, no bias
is defined. If this parameter is set to True,
the bias is initialized to zero.</li>
<li><strong>param_attr</strong> (<em>paddle.v2.attr.ParameterAttribute</em>) &#8211; The parameter attribute. See paddle.v2.attr.ParameterAttribute for details.</li>
<li><strong>layer_attr</strong> (<em>paddle.v2.attr.ExtraAttribute</em>) &#8211; The extra layer attribute. See paddle.v2.attr.ExtraAttribute for details.</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">paddle.v2.config_base.Layer object.</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">paddle.v2.config_base.Layer</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</dd></dl>

</div>
<div class="section" id="beam-search">
<h3>beam_search<a class="headerlink" href="#beam-search" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
<dl class="class">
<dt>
<em class="property">class </em><code class="descclassname">paddle.v2.layer.</code><code class="descname">beam_search</code></dt>
<dd><p>Beam search is a heuristic search algorithm used in sequence generation.
It explores a graph by expanding the most promising nodes in a limited set
to maintain tractability.</p>
<p>The example usage is:</p>
<div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">rnn_step</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">input</span><span class="p">):</span>
    <span class="n">last_time_step_output</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">memory</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">name</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">&#39;rnn&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">size</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">512</span><span class="p">)</span>
    <span class="k">with</span> <span class="n">mixed</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">size</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">512</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">name</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">&#39;rnn&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="k">as</span> <span class="n">simple_rnn</span><span class="p">:</span>
        <span class="n">simple_rnn</span> <span class="o">+=</span> <span class="n">full_matrix_projection</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">input</span><span class="p">)</span>
        <span class="n">simple_rnn</span> <span class="o">+=</span> <span class="n">last_time_step_output</span>
    <span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">simple_rnn</span>

<span class="n">generated_word_embedding</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">GeneratedInput</span><span class="p">(</span>
                       <span class="n">size</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">target_dictionary_dim</span><span class="p">,</span>
                       <span class="n">embedding_name</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">&quot;target_language_embedding&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span>
                       <span class="n">embedding_size</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">word_vector_dim</span><span class="p">)</span>

<span class="n">beam_gen</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">beam_search</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">name</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">&quot;decoder&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span>
                       <span class="n">step</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">rnn_step</span><span class="p">,</span>
                       <span class="nb">input</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">StaticInput</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">encoder_last</span><span class="p">),</span>
                              <span class="n">generated_word_embedding</span><span class="p">],</span>
                       <span class="n">bos_id</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span>
                       <span class="n">eos_id</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span>
                       <span class="n">beam_size</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>Please see the following demo for more details:</p>
<ul class="simple">
<li>machine translation : demo/seqToseq/translation/gen.conf                             demo/seqToseq/seqToseq_net.py</li>
</ul>
<table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
<li><strong>name</strong> (<em>basestring</em>) &#8211; The name of the recurrent unit that is responsible for
generating sequences. It is optional.</li>
<li><strong>step</strong> (<em>callable</em>) &#8211; <p>A callable function that defines the calculation in a time
step, and it is applied to sequences with arbitrary length by
sharing a same set of weights.</p>
<p>You can refer to the first parameter of recurrent_group, or
demo/seqToseq/seqToseq_net.py for more details.</p>
</li>
<li><strong>input</strong> (<em>list</em>) &#8211; Input data for the recurrent unit, which should include the
previously generated words as a GeneratedInput object.
In beam_search, none of the input&#8217;s type should be paddle.v2.config_base.Layer.</li>
<li><strong>bos_id</strong> (<em>int</em>) &#8211; Index of the start symbol in the dictionary. The start symbol
is a special token for NLP task, which indicates the
beginning of a sequence. In the generation task, the start
symbol is essential, since it is used to initialize the RNN
internal state.</li>
<li><strong>eos_id</strong> (<em>int</em>) &#8211; Index of the end symbol in the dictionary. The end symbol is
a special token for NLP task, which indicates the end of a
sequence. The generation process will stop once the end
symbol is generated, or a pre-defined max iteration number
is exceeded.</li>
<li><strong>max_length</strong> (<em>int</em>) &#8211; Max generated sequence length.</li>
<li><strong>beam_size</strong> (<em>int</em>) &#8211; Beam search for sequence generation is an iterative search
algorithm. To maintain tractability, every iteration only
only stores a predetermined number, called the beam_size,
of the most promising next words. The greater the beam
size, the fewer candidate words are pruned.</li>
<li><strong>num_results_per_sample</strong> (<em>int</em>) &#8211; Number of the generated results per input
sequence. This number must always be less than
beam size.</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">The generated word index.</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">paddle.v2.config_base.Layer</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</dd></dl>

</div>
<div class="section" id="get-output">
<h3>get_output<a class="headerlink" href="#get-output" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
<dl class="class">
<dt>
<em class="property">class </em><code class="descclassname">paddle.v2.layer.</code><code class="descname">get_output</code></dt>
<dd><p>Get layer&#8217;s output by name. In PaddlePaddle, a layer might return multiple
values, but returns one layer&#8217;s output. If the user wants to use another
output besides the default one, please use get_output first to get
the output from input.</p>
<table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
<li><strong>name</strong> (<em>basestring</em>) &#8211; The name of this layer. It is optional.</li>
<li><strong>input</strong> (<em>paddle.v2.config_base.Layer</em>) &#8211; The input layer. And this layer should contain
multiple outputs.</li>
<li><strong>arg_name</strong> (<em>basestring</em>) &#8211; The name of the output to be extracted from the input layer.</li>
<li><strong>layer_attr</strong> &#8211; The extra layer attribute. See paddle.v2.attr.ExtraAttribute for
details.</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">paddle.v2.config_base.Layer object.</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">paddle.v2.config_base.Layer</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</dd></dl>

</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="mixed-layer">
<h2>Mixed Layer<a class="headerlink" href="#mixed-layer" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<div class="section" id="mixed">
<span id="api-v2-layer-mixed"></span><h3>mixed<a class="headerlink" href="#mixed" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
<dl class="class">
<dt>
<em class="property">class </em><code class="descclassname">paddle.v2.layer.</code><code class="descname">mixed</code></dt>
<dd><p>Mixed Layer. A mixed layer will add all inputs together, then activate.
Each inputs is a projection or operator.</p>
<p>There are two styles of usages.</p>
<ol class="arabic simple">
<li>When not set inputs parameter, use mixed like this:</li>
</ol>
<div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">with</span> <span class="n">mixed</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">size</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">256</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="k">as</span> <span class="n">m</span><span class="p">:</span>
    <span class="n">m</span> <span class="o">+=</span> <span class="n">full_matrix_projection</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">input</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">layer1</span><span class="p">)</span>
    <span class="n">m</span> <span class="o">+=</span> <span class="n">identity_projection</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">input</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">layer2</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<ol class="arabic simple" start="2">
<li>You can also set all inputs when invoke mixed as follows:</li>
</ol>
<div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">m</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">mixed</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">size</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">256</span><span class="p">,</span>
                <span class="nb">input</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">full_matrix_projection</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">input</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">layer1</span><span class="p">),</span>
                       <span class="n">full_matrix_projection</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">input</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">layer2</span><span class="p">)])</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
<li><strong>name</strong> (<em>basestring</em>) &#8211; mixed layer name. Can be referenced by other layer.</li>
<li><strong>size</strong> (<em>int</em>) &#8211; layer size.</li>
<li><strong>input</strong> &#8211; The input of this layer. It is an optional parameter. If set,
then this function will just return layer&#8217;s name.</li>
<li><strong>act</strong> (<em>paddle.v2.activation.Base</em>) &#8211; Activation Type. paddle.v2.activation.Linear is the default activation.</li>
<li><strong>bias_attr</strong> (<em>paddle.v2.attr.ParameterAttribute | None | bool | Any</em>) &#8211; The bias attribute. If the parameter is set to False or an object
whose type is not paddle.v2.attr.ParameterAttribute, no bias is defined. If the
parameter is set to True, the bias is initialized to zero.</li>
<li><strong>layer_attr</strong> (<em>paddle.v2.attr.ExtraAttribute</em>) &#8211; The extra layer config. Default is None.</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">MixedLayerType object can add inputs or layer name.</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">MixedLayerType</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</dd></dl>

</div>
<div class="section" id="embedding">
<span id="api-v2-layer-embedding"></span><h3>embedding<a class="headerlink" href="#embedding" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
<dl class="class">
<dt>
<em class="property">class </em><code class="descclassname">paddle.v2.layer.</code><code class="descname">embedding</code></dt>
<dd><p>Define a embedding Layer.</p>
<table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
<li><strong>name</strong> (<em>basestring</em>) &#8211; The name of this layer. It is optional.</li>
<li><strong>input</strong> (<em>paddle.v2.config_base.Layer</em>) &#8211; The input of this layer, which must be Index Data.</li>
<li><strong>size</strong> (<em>int</em>) &#8211; The embedding dimension.</li>
<li><strong>param_attr</strong> (<em>paddle.v2.attr.ParameterAttribute | None</em>) &#8211; The embedding parameter attribute. See paddle.v2.attr.ParameterAttribute
for details.</li>
<li><strong>layer_attr</strong> (<em>paddle.v2.attr.ExtraAttribute | None</em>) &#8211; Extra layer Config. Default is None.</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">paddle.v2.config_base.Layer object.</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">paddle.v2.config_base.Layer</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</dd></dl>

</div>
<div class="section" id="scaling-projection">
<h3>scaling_projection<a class="headerlink" href="#scaling-projection" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
<dl class="class">
<dt>
<em class="property">class </em><code class="descclassname">paddle.v2.layer.</code><code class="descname">scaling_projection</code></dt>
<dd><p>scaling_projection multiplies the input with a scalar parameter and add to
the output.</p>
<div class="math">
\[out += w * in\]</div>
<p>The example usage is:</p>
<div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">proj</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">scaling_projection</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">input</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">layer</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
<li><strong>input</strong> (<em>paddle.v2.config_base.Layer</em>) &#8211; The input of this layer.</li>
<li><strong>param_attr</strong> (<em>paddle.v2.attr.ParameterAttribute</em>) &#8211; Parameter config, None if use default.</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">A ScalingProjection object</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">ScalingProjection</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</dd></dl>

</div>
<div class="section" id="dotmul-projection">
<h3>dotmul_projection<a class="headerlink" href="#dotmul-projection" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
<dl class="class">
<dt>
<em class="property">class </em><code class="descclassname">paddle.v2.layer.</code><code class="descname">dotmul_projection</code></dt>
<dd><p>DotMulProjection with a layer as input.
It performs element-wise multiplication with weight.</p>
<div class="math">
\[out.row[i] += in.row[i] .* weight\]</div>
<p>where <span class="math">\(.*\)</span> means element-wise multiplication.</p>
<p>The example usage is:</p>
<div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">proj</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">dotmul_projection</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">input</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">layer</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
<li><strong>input</strong> (<em>paddle.v2.config_base.Layer</em>) &#8211; The input of this layer.</li>
<li><strong>param_attr</strong> (<em>paddle.v2.attr.ParameterAttribute</em>) &#8211; Parameter config, None if use default.</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">A DotMulProjection Object.</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">DotMulProjection</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</dd></dl>

</div>
<div class="section" id="dotmul-operator">
<h3>dotmul_operator<a class="headerlink" href="#dotmul-operator" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
<dl class="class">
<dt>
<em class="property">class </em><code class="descclassname">paddle.v2.layer.</code><code class="descname">dotmul_operator</code></dt>
<dd><p>DotMulOperator takes two inputs and performs element-wise multiplication:</p>
<div class="math">
\[out.row[i] += scale * (a.row[i] .* b.row[i])\]</div>
<p>where <span class="math">\(.*\)</span> means element-wise multiplication, and
scale is a config scalar, its default value is one.</p>
<p>The example usage is:</p>
<div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">op</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">dotmul_operator</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">a</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">layer1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">b</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">layer2</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">scale</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mf">0.5</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
<li><strong>a</strong> (<em>paddle.v2.config_base.Layer</em>) &#8211; Input layer1</li>
<li><strong>b</strong> (<em>paddle.v2.config_base.Layer</em>) &#8211; Input layer2</li>
<li><strong>scale</strong> (<em>float</em>) &#8211; config scalar, default value is one.</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">A DotMulOperator Object.</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">DotMulOperator</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</dd></dl>

</div>
<div class="section" id="full-matrix-projection">
<h3>full_matrix_projection<a class="headerlink" href="#full-matrix-projection" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
<dl class="class">
<dt>
<em class="property">class </em><code class="descclassname">paddle.v2.layer.</code><code class="descname">full_matrix_projection</code></dt>
<dd><p>Full Matrix Projection. It performs full matrix multiplication.</p>
<div class="math">
\[out.row[i] += in.row[i] * weight\]</div>
<p>There are two styles of usage.</p>
<ol class="arabic simple">
<li>When used in mixed like this, you can only set the input:</li>
</ol>
<div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">with</span> <span class="n">mixed</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">size</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">100</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="k">as</span> <span class="n">m</span><span class="p">:</span>
    <span class="n">m</span> <span class="o">+=</span> <span class="n">full_matrix_projection</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">input</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">layer</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<ol class="arabic simple" start="2">
<li>When used as an independant object like this, you must set the size:</li>
</ol>
<div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">proj</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">full_matrix_projection</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">input</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">layer</span><span class="p">,</span>
                              <span class="n">size</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">100</span><span class="p">,</span>
                              <span class="n">param_attr</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">ParamAttr</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">name</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">&#39;_proj&#39;</span><span class="p">))</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
<li><strong>input</strong> (<em>paddle.v2.config_base.Layer</em>) &#8211; The input of this layer.</li>
<li><strong>size</strong> (<em>int</em>) &#8211; The parameter size. Means the width of parameter.</li>
<li><strong>param_attr</strong> (<em>paddle.v2.attr.ParameterAttribute</em>) &#8211; Parameter config, None if use default.</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">A FullMatrixProjection Object.</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">FullMatrixProjection</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</dd></dl>

</div>
<div class="section" id="identity-projection">
<h3>identity_projection<a class="headerlink" href="#identity-projection" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
<dl class="class">
<dt>
<em class="property">class </em><code class="descclassname">paddle.v2.layer.</code><code class="descname">identity_projection</code></dt>
<dd><ol class="arabic simple">
<li>IdentityProjection if offset=None. It performs:</li>
</ol>
<div class="math">
\[out.row[i] += in.row[i]\]</div>
<p>The example usage is:</p>
<div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">proj</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">identity_projection</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">input</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">layer</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>2. IdentityOffsetProjection if offset!=None. It likes IdentityProjection,
but layer size may be smaller than input size.
It select dimesions [offset, offset+layer_size) from input:</p>
<div class="math">
\[out.row[i] += in.row[i + \textrm{offset}]\]</div>
<p>The example usage is:</p>
<div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">proj</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">identity_projection</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">input</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">layer</span><span class="p">,</span>
                           <span class="n">offset</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>Note that both of two projections should not have any parameter.</p>
<table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
<li><strong>input</strong> (<em>paddle.v2.config_base.Layer</em>) &#8211; The input of this layer.</li>
<li><strong>offset</strong> (<em>int</em>) &#8211; Offset, None if use default.</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">A IdentityProjection or IdentityOffsetProjection object</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">IdentityProjection or IdentityOffsetProjection</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</dd></dl>

</div>
<div class="section" id="slice-projection">
<h3>slice_projection<a class="headerlink" href="#slice-projection" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
<dl class="class">
<dt>
<em class="property">class </em><code class="descclassname">paddle.v2.layer.</code><code class="descname">slice_projection</code></dt>
<dd><p>slice_projection can slice the input value into multiple parts,
and then select some of them to merge into a new output.</p>
<div class="math">
\[output = [input.slices()]\]</div>
<p>The example usage is:</p>
<div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">proj</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">slice_projection</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">input</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">layer</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">slices</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="p">[(</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">20</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">30</span><span class="p">)])</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>Note that slice_projection should not have any parameter.</p>
<table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
<li><strong>input</strong> (<em>paddle.v2.config_base.Layer</em>) &#8211; The input of this layer.</li>
<li><strong>slices</strong> (<em>pair of int</em>) &#8211; An array of slice parameters.
Each slice contains the start and end offsets based
on the input.</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">A SliceProjection object</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">SliceProjection</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</dd></dl>

</div>
<div class="section" id="table-projection">
<h3>table_projection<a class="headerlink" href="#table-projection" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
<dl class="class">
<dt>
<em class="property">class </em><code class="descclassname">paddle.v2.layer.</code><code class="descname">table_projection</code></dt>
<dd><p>Table Projection. It selects rows from parameter where row_id
is in input_ids.</p>
<div class="math">
\[out.row[i] += table.row[ids[i]]\]</div>
<p>where <span class="math">\(out\)</span> is output, <span class="math">\(table\)</span> is parameter, <span class="math">\(ids\)</span> is input_ids,
and <span class="math">\(i\)</span> is row_id.</p>
<p>There are two styles of usage.</p>
<ol class="arabic simple">
<li>When used in mixed like this, you can only set the input:</li>
</ol>
<div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">with</span> <span class="n">mixed</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">size</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">100</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="k">as</span> <span class="n">m</span><span class="p">:</span>
    <span class="n">m</span> <span class="o">+=</span> <span class="n">table_projection</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">input</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">layer</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<ol class="arabic simple" start="2">
<li>When used as an independant object like this, you must set the size:</li>
</ol>
<div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">proj</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">table_projection</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">input</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">layer</span><span class="p">,</span>
                        <span class="n">size</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">100</span><span class="p">,</span>
                        <span class="n">param_attr</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">ParamAttr</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">name</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">&#39;_proj&#39;</span><span class="p">))</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
<li><strong>input</strong> (<em>paddle.v2.config_base.Layer</em>) &#8211; The input of this layer, which must contains id fields.</li>
<li><strong>size</strong> (<em>int</em>) &#8211; The parameter size. Means the width of parameter.</li>
<li><strong>param_attr</strong> (<em>paddle.v2.attr.ParameterAttribute</em>) &#8211; Parameter config, None if use default.</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">A TableProjection Object.</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">TableProjection</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</dd></dl>

</div>
<div class="section" id="trans-full-matrix-projection">
<h3>trans_full_matrix_projection<a class="headerlink" href="#trans-full-matrix-projection" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
<dl class="class">
<dt>
<em class="property">class </em><code class="descclassname">paddle.v2.layer.</code><code class="descname">trans_full_matrix_projection</code></dt>
<dd><p>Different from full_matrix_projection, this projection performs matrix
multiplication, using transpose of weight.</p>
<div class="math">
\[out.row[i] += in.row[i] * w^\mathrm{T}\]</div>
<p><span class="math">\(w^\mathrm{T}\)</span> means transpose of weight.
The simply usage is:</p>
<div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">proj</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">trans_full_matrix_projection</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">input</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">layer</span><span class="p">,</span>
                                    <span class="n">size</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">100</span><span class="p">,</span>
                                    <span class="n">param_attr</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">ParamAttr</span><span class="p">(</span>
                                         <span class="n">name</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">&#39;_proj&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span>
                                         <span class="n">initial_mean</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mf">0.0</span><span class="p">,</span>
                                         <span class="n">initial_std</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mf">0.01</span><span class="p">))</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
<li><strong>input</strong> (<em>paddle.v2.config_base.Layer</em>) &#8211; The input of this layer.</li>
<li><strong>size</strong> (<em>int</em>) &#8211; The parameter size. Means the width of parameter.</li>
<li><strong>param_attr</strong> (<em>paddle.v2.attr.ParameterAttribute</em>) &#8211; Parameter config, None if use default.</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">A TransposedFullMatrixProjection Object.</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">TransposedFullMatrixProjection</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</dd></dl>

</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="aggregate-layers">
<h2>Aggregate Layers<a class="headerlink" href="#aggregate-layers" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<div class="section" id="aggregatelevel">
<h3>AggregateLevel<a class="headerlink" href="#aggregatelevel" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
<dl class="class">
<dt>
<em class="property">class </em><code class="descclassname">paddle.v2.layer.</code><code class="descname">AggregateLevel</code></dt>
<dd><p>PaddlePaddle supports three sequence types:</p>
<ul class="simple">
<li><code class="code docutils literal"><span class="pre">SequenceType.NO_SEQUENCE</span></code> means the sample is not a sequence.</li>
<li><code class="code docutils literal"><span class="pre">SequenceType.SEQUENCE</span></code> means the sample is a sequence.</li>
<li><code class="code docutils literal"><span class="pre">SequenceType.SUB_SEQUENCE</span></code> means the sample is a nested sequence,
each timestep of which is also a sequence.</li>
</ul>
<p>Accordingly, AggregateLevel supports two modes:</p>
<ul class="simple">
<li><code class="code docutils literal"><span class="pre">AggregateLevel.TO_NO_SEQUENCE</span></code> means the aggregation acts on each
timestep of a sequence, both <code class="code docutils literal"><span class="pre">SUB_SEQUENCE</span></code> and <code class="code docutils literal"><span class="pre">SEQUENCE</span></code> will
be aggregated to <code class="code docutils literal"><span class="pre">NO_SEQUENCE</span></code>.</li>
<li><code class="code docutils literal"><span class="pre">AggregateLevel.TO_SEQUENCE</span></code> means the aggregation acts on each
sequence of a nested sequence, <code class="code docutils literal"><span class="pre">SUB_SEQUENCE</span></code> will be aggregated to
<code class="code docutils literal"><span class="pre">SEQUENCE</span></code>.</li>
</ul>
</dd></dl>

</div>
<div class="section" id="api-v2-layer-pooling">
<span id="id1"></span><h3>pooling<a class="headerlink" href="#api-v2-layer-pooling" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
<dl class="class">
<dt>
<em class="property">class </em><code class="descclassname">paddle.v2.layer.</code><code class="descname">pooling</code></dt>
<dd><p>Pooling layer for sequence inputs, not used for Image.</p>
<p>If stride &gt; 0, this layer slides a window whose size is determined by stride,
and return the pooling value of the window as the output. Thus, a long sequence
will be shorten.</p>
<p>The parameter stride specifies the intervals at which to apply the pooling
operation. Note that for sequence with sub-sequence, the default value
of stride is -1.</p>
<p>The example usage is:</p>
<div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">seq_pool</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">pooling</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">input</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">layer</span><span class="p">,</span>
                         <span class="n">pooling_type</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">AvgPooling</span><span class="p">(),</span>
                         <span class="n">agg_level</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">AggregateLevel</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">TO_NO_SEQUENCE</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
<li><strong>agg_level</strong> (<em>AggregateLevel</em>) &#8211; AggregateLevel.TO_NO_SEQUENCE or
AggregateLevel.TO_SEQUENCE</li>
<li><strong>name</strong> (<em>basestring</em>) &#8211; The name of this layer. It is optional.</li>
<li><strong>input</strong> (<em>paddle.v2.config_base.Layer</em>) &#8211; The input of this layer.</li>
<li><strong>pooling_type</strong> (<em>BasePoolingType | None</em>) &#8211; Type of pooling, MaxPooling(default), AvgPooling,
SumPooling, SquareRootNPooling.</li>
<li><strong>stride</strong> (<em>Int</em>) &#8211; The step size between successive pooling regions.</li>
<li><strong>bias_attr</strong> (<em>paddle.v2.attr.ParameterAttribute | None | bool | Any</em>) &#8211; The bias attribute. If the parameter is set to False or an object
whose type is not paddle.v2.attr.ParameterAttribute, no bias is defined. If the
parameter is set to True, the bias is initialized to zero.</li>
<li><strong>layer_attr</strong> (<em>paddle.v2.attr.ExtraAttribute | None</em>) &#8211; The Extra Attributes for layer, such as dropout.</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">paddle.v2.config_base.Layer object.</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">paddle.v2.config_base.Layer</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</dd></dl>

</div>
<div class="section" id="last-seq">
<span id="api-v2-layer-last-seq"></span><h3>last_seq<a class="headerlink" href="#last-seq" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
<dl class="class">
<dt>
<em class="property">class </em><code class="descclassname">paddle.v2.layer.</code><code class="descname">last_seq</code></dt>
<dd><p>Get Last Timestamp Activation of a sequence.</p>
<p>If stride &gt; 0, this layer will slide a window whose size is determined by stride,
and return the last value of the sequence in the window as the output. Thus, a
long sequence will be shortened. Note that for sequence with sub-sequence, the
default value of stride is -1.</p>
<p>The simple usage is:</p>
<div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">seq</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">last_seq</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">input</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">layer</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
<li><strong>agg_level</strong> (<em>AggregateLevel</em>) &#8211; Aggregated level</li>
<li><strong>name</strong> (<em>basestring</em>) &#8211; The name of this layer. It is optional.</li>
<li><strong>input</strong> (<em>paddle.v2.config_base.Layer</em>) &#8211; The input of this layer.</li>
<li><strong>stride</strong> (<em>int</em>) &#8211; The step size between successive pooling regions.</li>
<li><strong>layer_attr</strong> (<em>paddle.v2.attr.ExtraAttribute</em>) &#8211; The extra layer attribute. See paddle.v2.attr.ExtraAttribute for
details.</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">paddle.v2.config_base.Layer object.</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">paddle.v2.config_base.Layer</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</dd></dl>

</div>
<div class="section" id="first-seq">
<span id="api-v2-layer-first-seq"></span><h3>first_seq<a class="headerlink" href="#first-seq" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
<dl class="class">
<dt>
<em class="property">class </em><code class="descclassname">paddle.v2.layer.</code><code class="descname">first_seq</code></dt>
<dd><p>Get First Timestamp Activation of a sequence.</p>
<p>If stride &gt; 0, this layer will slide a window whose size is determined by stride,
and return the first value of the sequence in the window as the output. Thus, a
long sequence will be shortened. Note that for sequence with sub-sequence, the
default value of stride is -1.</p>
<p>The simple usage is:</p>
<div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">seq</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">first_seq</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">input</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">layer</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
<li><strong>agg_level</strong> (<em>AggregateLevel</em>) &#8211; aggregation level</li>
<li><strong>name</strong> (<em>basestring</em>) &#8211; The name of this layer. It is optional.</li>
<li><strong>input</strong> (<em>paddle.v2.config_base.Layer</em>) &#8211; The input of this layer.</li>
<li><strong>stride</strong> (<em>int</em>) &#8211; The step size between successive pooling regions.</li>
<li><strong>layer_attr</strong> (<em>paddle.v2.attr.ExtraAttribute</em>) &#8211; The extra layer attribute. See paddle.v2.attr.ExtraAttribute for
details.</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">paddle.v2.config_base.Layer object.</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">paddle.v2.config_base.Layer</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</dd></dl>

</div>
<div class="section" id="concat">
<h3>concat<a class="headerlink" href="#concat" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
<dl class="class">
<dt>
<em class="property">class </em><code class="descclassname">paddle.v2.layer.</code><code class="descname">concat</code></dt>
<dd><p>Concatenate all input vectors to one vector.
Inputs can be a list of paddle.v2.config_base.Layer or a list of projection.</p>
<p>The example usage is:</p>
<div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">concat</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">concat</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">input</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">layer1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">layer2</span><span class="p">])</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
<li><strong>name</strong> (<em>basestring</em>) &#8211; The name of this layer. It is optional.</li>
<li><strong>input</strong> (<em>list | tuple | collections.Sequence</em>) &#8211; The input layers or projections</li>
<li><strong>act</strong> (<em>paddle.v2.activation.Base</em>) &#8211; Activation type. paddle.v2.activation.Identity is the default activation.</li>
<li><strong>layer_attr</strong> (<em>paddle.v2.attr.ExtraAttribute</em>) &#8211; The extra layer attribute. See paddle.v2.attr.ExtraAttribute for
details.</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">paddle.v2.config_base.Layer object.</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">paddle.v2.config_base.Layer</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</dd></dl>

</div>
<div class="section" id="seq-concat">
<h3>seq_concat<a class="headerlink" href="#seq-concat" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
<dl class="class">
<dt>
<em class="property">class </em><code class="descclassname">paddle.v2.layer.</code><code class="descname">seq_concat</code></dt>
<dd><p>Concatenate sequence a and sequence b.</p>
<dl class="docutils">
<dt>Inputs:</dt>
<dd><ul class="first last simple">
<li>a = [a1, a2, ..., am]</li>
<li>b = [b1, b2, ..., bn]</li>
</ul>
</dd>
</dl>
<p>Output: [a1, ..., am, b1, ..., bn]</p>
<p>Note that the above computation is for one sample. Multiple samples are
processed in one batch.</p>
<p>The example usage is:</p>
<div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">concat</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">seq_concat</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">a</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">layer1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">b</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">layer2</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
<li><strong>name</strong> (<em>basestring</em>) &#8211; The name of this layer. It is optional.</li>
<li><strong>a</strong> (<em>paddle.v2.config_base.Layer</em>) &#8211; The first input sequence layer</li>
<li><strong>b</strong> (<em>paddle.v2.config_base.Layer</em>) &#8211; The second input sequence layer</li>
<li><strong>act</strong> (<em>paddle.v2.activation.Base</em>) &#8211; Activation type. paddle.v2.activation.Identity is the default activation.</li>
<li><strong>layer_attr</strong> (<em>paddle.v2.attr.ExtraAttribute</em>) &#8211; The extra layer attribute. See paddle.v2.attr.ExtraAttribute for
details.</li>
<li><strong>bias_attr</strong> (<em>paddle.v2.attr.ParameterAttribute | None | bool | Any</em>) &#8211; The bias attribute. If the parameter is set to False or an object
whose type is not paddle.v2.attr.ParameterAttribute, no bias is defined. If the
parameter is set to True, the bias is initialized to zero.</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">paddle.v2.config_base.Layer object.</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">paddle.v2.config_base.Layer</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</dd></dl>

</div>
<div class="section" id="seq-slice">
<h3>seq_slice<a class="headerlink" href="#seq-slice" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
<dl class="class">
<dt>
<em class="property">class </em><code class="descclassname">paddle.v2.layer.</code><code class="descname">seq_slice</code></dt>
<dd><p>seq_slice will return one or several sub-sequences from the
input sequence layer given start and end indices.</p>
<blockquote>
<div><ul class="simple">
<li>If only start indices are given, and end indices are set to None,
this layer slices the input sequence from the given start indices
to its end.</li>
<li>If only end indices are given, and start indices are set to None,
this layer slices the input sequence from its beginning to the
given end indices.</li>
<li>If start and end indices are both given, they should have the same
number of elements.</li>
</ul>
</div></blockquote>
<p>If start or end indices contains more than one elements, the input sequence
will be sliced for multiple times.</p>
<div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">seq_silce</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">seq_slice</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">input</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">input_seq</span><span class="p">,</span>
                            <span class="n">starts</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">start_pos</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">ends</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">end_pos</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
<li><strong>name</strong> (<em>basestring</em>) &#8211; The name of this layer. It is optional.</li>
<li><strong>input</strong> (<em>paddle.v2.config_base.Layer</em>) &#8211; The input of this layer, which should be a sequence.</li>
<li><strong>starts</strong> (<em>paddle.v2.config_base.Layer | None</em>) &#8211; The start indices to slice the input sequence.</li>
<li><strong>ends</strong> (<em>paddle.v2.config_base.Layer | None</em>) &#8211; The end indices to slice the input sequence.</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">paddle.v2.config_base.Layer object.</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">paddle.v2.config_base.Layer</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</dd></dl>

</div>
<div class="section" id="kmax-sequence-score">
<h3>kmax_sequence_score<a class="headerlink" href="#kmax-sequence-score" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
</div>
<div class="section" id="sub-nested-seq">
<h3>sub_nested_seq<a class="headerlink" href="#sub-nested-seq" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
<dl class="class">
<dt>
<em class="property">class </em><code class="descclassname">paddle.v2.layer.</code><code class="descname">sub_nested_seq</code></dt>
<dd><p>The sub_nested_seq accepts two inputs: the first one is a nested
sequence; the second one is a set of selceted indices in the nested sequence.</p>
<p>Then sub_nest_seq trims the first nested sequence input according
to the selected indices to form a new output. This layer is useful in
beam training.</p>
<p>The example usage is:</p>
<div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">sub_nest_seq</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">sub_nested_seq</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">input</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">data</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">selected_indices</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">selected_ids</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
<li><strong>input</strong> (<em>paddle.v2.config_base.Layer</em>) &#8211; The input of this layer. It is a nested sequence.</li>
<li><strong>selected_indices</strong> &#8211; A set of sequence indices in the nested sequence.</li>
<li><strong>name</strong> (<em>basestring</em>) &#8211; The name of this layer. It is optional.</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">paddle.v2.config_base.Layer object.</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">paddle.v2.config_base.Layer</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</dd></dl>

</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="reshaping-layers">
<h2>Reshaping Layers<a class="headerlink" href="#reshaping-layers" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<div class="section" id="block-expand">
<h3>block_expand<a class="headerlink" href="#block-expand" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
<dl class="class">
<dt>
<em class="property">class </em><code class="descclassname">paddle.v2.layer.</code><code class="descname">block_expand</code></dt>
<dd><dl class="docutils">
<dt>Expand feature map to minibatch matrix.</dt>
<dd><ul class="first last simple">
<li>matrix width is: block_y * block_x * num_channels</li>
<li>matirx height is: outputH * outputW</li>
</ul>
</dd>
</dl>
<div class="math">
\[ \begin{align}\begin{aligned}outputH = 1 + (2 * padding_y + imgSizeH - block_y + stride_y - 1) / stride_y\\outputW = 1 + (2 * padding_x + imgSizeW - block_x + stride_x - 1) / stride_x\end{aligned}\end{align} \]</div>
<p>The expanding method is the same with ExpandConvLayer, but saved the transposed
value. After expanding, output.sequenceStartPositions will store timeline.
The number of time steps is outputH * outputW and the dimension of each
time step is block_y * block_x * num_channels. This layer can be used after
convolutional neural network, and before recurrent neural network.</p>
<p>The simple usage is:</p>
<div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">block_expand</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">block_expand</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">input</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">layer</span><span class="p">,</span>
                                  <span class="n">num_channels</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">128</span><span class="p">,</span>
                                  <span class="n">stride_x</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span>
                                  <span class="n">stride_y</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span>
                                  <span class="n">block_x</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span>
                                  <span class="n">block_x</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
<li><strong>input</strong> (<em>paddle.v2.config_base.Layer</em>) &#8211; The input of this layer.</li>
<li><strong>num_channels</strong> (<em>int</em>) &#8211; The number of input channels. If the parameter is not set or
set to None, its actual value will be automatically set to
the channels number of the input.</li>
<li><strong>block_x</strong> (<em>int</em>) &#8211; The width of sub block.</li>
<li><strong>block_y</strong> (<em>int</em>) &#8211; The width of sub block.</li>
<li><strong>stride_x</strong> (<em>int</em>) &#8211; The stride size in horizontal direction.</li>
<li><strong>stride_y</strong> (<em>int</em>) &#8211; The stride size in vertical direction.</li>
<li><strong>padding_x</strong> (<em>int</em>) &#8211; The padding size in horizontal direction.</li>
<li><strong>padding_y</strong> (<em>int</em>) &#8211; The padding size in vertical direction.</li>
<li><strong>name</strong> (<em>basestring.</em>) &#8211; The name of this layer. It is optional.</li>
<li><strong>layer_attr</strong> (<em>paddle.v2.attr.ExtraAttribute</em>) &#8211; The extra layer attribute. See paddle.v2.attr.ExtraAttribute for
details.</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">paddle.v2.config_base.Layer object.</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">paddle.v2.config_base.Layer</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</dd></dl>

</div>
<div class="section" id="expandlevel">
<span id="api-v2-layer-expand"></span><h3>ExpandLevel<a class="headerlink" href="#expandlevel" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
<dl class="class">
<dt>
<em class="property">class </em><code class="descclassname">paddle.v2.layer.</code><code class="descname">ExpandLevel</code></dt>
<dd><p>Please refer to AggregateLevel first.</p>
<p>ExpandLevel supports two modes:</p>
<ul class="simple">
<li><code class="code docutils literal"><span class="pre">ExpandLevel.FROM_NO_SEQUENCE</span></code> means the expansion acts on
<code class="code docutils literal"><span class="pre">NO_SEQUENCE</span></code>, which will be expanded to
<code class="code docutils literal"><span class="pre">SEQUENCE</span></code> or <code class="code docutils literal"><span class="pre">SUB_SEQUENCE</span></code>.</li>
<li><code class="code docutils literal"><span class="pre">ExpandLevel.FROM_SEQUENCE</span></code> means the expansion acts on
<code class="code docutils literal"><span class="pre">SEQUENCE</span></code>, which will be expanded to
<code class="code docutils literal"><span class="pre">SUB_SEQUENCE</span></code>.</li>
</ul>
</dd></dl>

</div>
<div class="section" id="expand">
<h3>expand<a class="headerlink" href="#expand" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
<dl class="class">
<dt>
<em class="property">class </em><code class="descclassname">paddle.v2.layer.</code><code class="descname">expand</code></dt>
<dd><p>A layer for expanding dense data or (sequence data where the length of each
sequence is one) to sequence data.</p>
<p>The example usage is:</p>
<div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">expand</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">expand</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">input</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">layer1</span><span class="p">,</span>
                      <span class="n">expand_as</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">layer2</span><span class="p">,</span>
                      <span class="n">expand_level</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">ExpandLevel</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">FROM_NO_SEQUENCE</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
<li><strong>input</strong> (<em>paddle.v2.config_base.Layer</em>) &#8211; The input of this layer.</li>
<li><strong>expand_as</strong> (<em>paddle.v2.config_base.Layer</em>) &#8211; Expand the input according to this layer&#8217;s sequence infomation. And
after the operation, the input expanded will have the same number of
elememts as this layer.</li>
<li><strong>name</strong> (<em>basestring</em>) &#8211; The name of this layer. It is optional.</li>
<li><strong>bias_attr</strong> (<em>paddle.v2.attr.ParameterAttribute | None | bool | Any</em>) &#8211; The bias attribute. If the parameter is set to False or an object
whose type is not paddle.v2.attr.ParameterAttribute, no bias is defined. If the
parameter is set to True, the bias is initialized to zero.</li>
<li><strong>expand_level</strong> (<em>ExpandLevel</em>) &#8211; Whether the input layer is a sequence or the element of a sequence.</li>
<li><strong>layer_attr</strong> (<em>paddle.v2.attr.ExtraAttribute</em>) &#8211; The extra layer attribute. See paddle.v2.attr.ExtraAttribute for
details.</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">paddle.v2.config_base.Layer object.</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">paddle.v2.config_base.Layer</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</dd></dl>

</div>
<div class="section" id="repeat">
<h3>repeat<a class="headerlink" href="#repeat" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
<dl class="class">
<dt>
<em class="property">class </em><code class="descclassname">paddle.v2.layer.</code><code class="descname">repeat</code></dt>
<dd><p>A layer for repeating the input for num_repeats times.</p>
<p>If as_row_vector:</p>
<div class="math">
\[y  = [x_1,\cdots, x_n, \cdots, x_1, \cdots, x_n]\]</div>
<p>If not as_row_vector:</p>
<div class="math">
\[y  = [x_1,\cdots, x_1, \cdots, x_n, \cdots, x_n]\]</div>
<p>The example usage is:</p>
<div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">expand</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">repeat</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">input</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">layer</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">num_repeats</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
<li><strong>input</strong> (<em>paddle.v2.config_base.Layer</em>) &#8211; The input of this layer.</li>
<li><strong>num_repeats</strong> (<em>int</em>) &#8211; The times of repeating the input.</li>
<li><strong>name</strong> (<em>basestring</em>) &#8211; The name of this layer. It is optional.</li>
<li><strong>as_row_vector</strong> (<em>bool</em>) &#8211; Whether to treat the input as row vectors or not. If
the parameter is set to True, the repeating operation
will be performed in the column direction. Otherwise,
it will be performed in the row direction.</li>
<li><strong>act</strong> (<em>paddle.v2.activation.Base</em>) &#8211; Activation type. paddle.v2.activation.Identity is the default activation.</li>
<li><strong>layer_attr</strong> (<em>paddle.v2.attr.ExtraAttribute</em>) &#8211; The extra layer attribute. See paddle.v2.attr.ExtraAttribute for
details.</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">paddle.v2.config_base.Layer object.</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">paddle.v2.config_base.Layer</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</dd></dl>

</div>
<div class="section" id="rotate">
<h3>rotate<a class="headerlink" href="#rotate" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
<dl class="class">
<dt>
<em class="property">class </em><code class="descclassname">paddle.v2.layer.</code><code class="descname">rotate</code></dt>
<dd><p>A layer for rotating 90 degrees (clock-wise) for each feature channel,
usually used when the input sample is some image or feature map.</p>
<div class="math">
\[y(j,i,:) = x(M-i-1,j,:)\]</div>
<p>where <span class="math">\(x\)</span> is (M x N x C) input, and <span class="math">\(y\)</span> is (N x M x C) output.</p>
<p>The example usage is:</p>
<div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">rot</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">rotate</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">input</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">layer</span><span class="p">,</span>
                   <span class="n">height</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">100</span><span class="p">,</span>
                   <span class="n">width</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">100</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
<li><strong>input</strong> (<em>paddle.v2.config_base.Layer</em>) &#8211; The input of this layer.</li>
<li><strong>height</strong> (<em>int</em>) &#8211; The height of the sample matrix.</li>
<li><strong>width</strong> (<em>int</em>) &#8211; The width of the sample matrix.</li>
<li><strong>name</strong> (<em>basestring</em>) &#8211; The name of this layer. It is optional.</li>
<li><strong>layer_attr</strong> (<em>paddle.v2.attr.ExtraAttribute</em>) &#8211; The extra layer attribute. See paddle.v2.attr.ExtraAttribute for
details.</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">paddle.v2.config_base.Layer object.</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">paddle.v2.config_base.Layer</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</dd></dl>

</div>
<div class="section" id="seq-reshape">
<h3>seq_reshape<a class="headerlink" href="#seq-reshape" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
<dl class="class">
<dt>
<em class="property">class </em><code class="descclassname">paddle.v2.layer.</code><code class="descname">seq_reshape</code></dt>
<dd><p>A layer for reshaping the sequence. Assume the input sequence has T instances,
the dimension of each instance is M, and the input reshape_size is N, then the
output sequence has T*M/N instances, the dimension of each instance is N.</p>
<p>Note that T*M/N must be an integer.</p>
<p>The example usage is:</p>
<div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">reshape</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">seq_reshape</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">input</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">layer</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">reshape_size</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
<li><strong>input</strong> (<em>paddle.v2.config_base.Layer</em>) &#8211; The input of this layer.</li>
<li><strong>reshape_size</strong> (<em>int</em>) &#8211; The dimension of the reshaped sequence.</li>
<li><strong>name</strong> (<em>basestring</em>) &#8211; The name of this layer. It is optional.</li>
<li><strong>act</strong> (<em>paddle.v2.activation.Base</em>) &#8211; Activation type. paddle.v2.activation.Identity is the default activation.</li>
<li><strong>layer_attr</strong> (<em>paddle.v2.attr.ExtraAttribute</em>) &#8211; The extra layer attribute. See paddle.v2.attr.ExtraAttribute for
details.</li>
<li><strong>bias_attr</strong> (<em>paddle.v2.attr.ParameterAttribute | None | bool | Any</em>) &#8211; The bias attribute. If the parameter is set to False or an object
whose type is not paddle.v2.attr.ParameterAttribute, no bias is defined. If the
parameter is set to True, the bias is initialized to zero.</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">paddle.v2.config_base.Layer object.</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">paddle.v2.config_base.Layer</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</dd></dl>

</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="math-layers">
<h2>Math Layers<a class="headerlink" href="#math-layers" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<div class="section" id="addto">
<h3>addto<a class="headerlink" href="#addto" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
<dl class="class">
<dt>
<em class="property">class </em><code class="descclassname">paddle.v2.layer.</code><code class="descname">addto</code></dt>
<dd><p>AddtoLayer.</p>
<div class="math">
\[y = f(\sum_{i} x_i + b)\]</div>
<p>where <span class="math">\(y\)</span> is output, <span class="math">\(x\)</span> is input, <span class="math">\(b\)</span> is bias,
and <span class="math">\(f\)</span> is activation function.</p>
<p>The example usage is:</p>
<div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">addto</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">addto</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">input</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">layer1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">layer2</span><span class="p">],</span>
                    <span class="n">act</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">paddle</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">v2</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">activation</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Relu</span><span class="p">(),</span>
                    <span class="n">bias_attr</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="bp">False</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>This layer just simply adds all input layers together, then activates the
sum. All inputs should share the same dimension, which is also the dimension
of this layer&#8217;s output.</p>
<p>There is no weight matrix for each input, because it just a simple add
operation. If you want a complicated operation before add, please use
mixed.</p>
<table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
<li><strong>name</strong> (<em>basestring</em>) &#8211; The name of this layer. It is optional.</li>
<li><strong>input</strong> (<em>paddle.v2.config_base.Layer | list | tuple</em>) &#8211; The input layers. It could be a paddle.v2.config_base.Layer or list/tuple of
paddle.v2.config_base.Layer.</li>
<li><strong>act</strong> (<em>paddle.v2.activation.Base</em>) &#8211; Activation Type. paddle.v2.activation.Linear is the default activation.</li>
<li><strong>bias_attr</strong> (<em>paddle.v2.attr.ParameterAttribute | None | bool | Any</em>) &#8211; The bias attribute. If the parameter is set to False or an object
whose type is not paddle.v2.attr.ParameterAttribute, no bias is defined. If the
parameter is set to True, the bias is initialized to zero.</li>
<li><strong>layer_attr</strong> (<em>paddle.v2.attr.ExtraAttribute</em>) &#8211; The extra layer attribute. See paddle.v2.attr.ExtraAttribute for
details.</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">paddle.v2.config_base.Layer object.</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">paddle.v2.config_base.Layer</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</dd></dl>

</div>
<div class="section" id="linear-comb">
<h3>linear_comb<a class="headerlink" href="#linear-comb" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
<dl class="class">
<dt>
<em class="property">class </em><code class="descclassname">paddle.v2.layer.</code><code class="descname">linear_comb</code></dt>
<dd><dl class="docutils">
<dt>A layer for weighted sum of vectors takes two inputs.</dt>
<dd><ul class="first last simple">
<li><dl class="first docutils">
<dt>Input: size of weights is M</dt>
<dd>size of vectors is M*N</dd>
</dl>
</li>
<li>Output: a vector of size=N</li>
</ul>
</dd>
</dl>
<div class="math">
\[z(i) = \sum_{j=0}^{M-1} x(j) y(i+Nj)\]</div>
<p>where <span class="math">\(0 \le i \le N-1\)</span></p>
<p>Or in the matrix notation:</p>
<div class="math">
\[z = x^\mathrm{T} Y\]</div>
<dl class="docutils">
<dt>In this formular:</dt>
<dd><ul class="first last simple">
<li><span class="math">\(x\)</span>: weights</li>
<li><span class="math">\(y\)</span>: vectors.</li>
<li><span class="math">\(z\)</span>: the output.</li>
</ul>
</dd>
</dl>
<p>Note that the above computation is for one sample. Multiple samples are
processed in one batch.</p>
<p>The simple usage is:</p>
<div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">linear_comb</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">linear_comb</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">weights</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">weight</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">vectors</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">vectors</span><span class="p">,</span>
                                <span class="n">size</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">elem_dim</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
<li><strong>weights</strong> (<em>paddle.v2.config_base.Layer</em>) &#8211; The weight layer.</li>
<li><strong>vectors</strong> (<em>paddle.v2.config_base.Layer</em>) &#8211; The vector layer.</li>
<li><strong>size</strong> (<em>int</em>) &#8211; The dimension of this layer.</li>
<li><strong>name</strong> (<em>basestring</em>) &#8211; The name of this layer. It is optional.</li>
<li><strong>layer_attr</strong> (<em>paddle.v2.attr.ExtraAttribute</em>) &#8211; The extra layer attribute. See paddle.v2.attr.ExtraAttribute for
details.</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">paddle.v2.config_base.Layer object.</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">paddle.v2.config_base.Layer</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</dd></dl>

</div>
<div class="section" id="interpolation">
<h3>interpolation<a class="headerlink" href="#interpolation" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
<dl class="class">
<dt>
<em class="property">class </em><code class="descclassname">paddle.v2.layer.</code><code class="descname">interpolation</code></dt>
<dd><p>This layer performs linear interpolation on two inputs,
which is used in NEURAL TURING MACHINE.</p>
<div class="math">
\[y.row[i] = w[i] * x_1.row[i] + (1 - w[i]) * x_2.row[i]\]</div>
<p>where <span class="math">\(x_1\)</span> and <span class="math">\(x_2\)</span> are two (batchSize x dataDim) inputs,
<span class="math">\(w\)</span> is (batchSize x 1) weight vector, and <span class="math">\(y\)</span> is
(batchSize x dataDim) output.</p>
<p>The example usage is:</p>
<div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">interpolation</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">interpolation</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">input</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">layer1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">layer2</span><span class="p">],</span> <span class="n">weight</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">layer3</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
<li><strong>input</strong> (<em>list | tuple</em>) &#8211; The input of this layer.</li>
<li><strong>weight</strong> (<em>paddle.v2.config_base.Layer</em>) &#8211; Weight layer.</li>
<li><strong>name</strong> (<em>basestring</em>) &#8211; The name of this layer. It is optional.</li>
<li><strong>layer_attr</strong> (<em>paddle.v2.attr.ExtraAttribute</em>) &#8211; The extra layer attribute. See paddle.v2.attr.ExtraAttribute for
details.</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">paddle.v2.config_base.Layer object.</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">paddle.v2.config_base.Layer</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</dd></dl>

</div>
<div class="section" id="bilinear-interp">
<h3>bilinear_interp<a class="headerlink" href="#bilinear-interp" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
<dl class="class">
<dt>
<em class="property">class </em><code class="descclassname">paddle.v2.layer.</code><code class="descname">bilinear_interp</code></dt>
<dd><p>This layer implements bilinear interpolation on convolutional layer&#8217;s output.</p>
<p>Please refer to Wikipedia: <a class="reference external" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bilinear_interpolation">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bilinear_interpolation</a></p>
<p>The simple usage is:</p>
<div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">bilinear</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">bilinear_interp</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">input</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">layer1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">out_size_x</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">64</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">out_size_y</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">64</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
<li><strong>input</strong> (<em>paddle.v2.config_base.Layer.</em>) &#8211; The input of this layer.</li>
<li><strong>out_size_x</strong> (<em>int</em>) &#8211; The width of the output.</li>
<li><strong>out_size_y</strong> (<em>int</em>) &#8211; The height of the output.</li>
<li><strong>name</strong> (<em>basestring</em>) &#8211; The name of this layer. It is optional.</li>
<li><strong>layer_attr</strong> (<em>paddle.v2.attr.ExtraAttribute</em>) &#8211; The extra layer attribute. See paddle.v2.attr.ExtraAttribute for
details.</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">paddle.v2.config_base.Layer object.</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">paddle.v2.config_base.Layer</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</dd></dl>

</div>
<div class="section" id="dot-prod">
<h3>dot_prod<a class="headerlink" href="#dot-prod" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
<dl class="class">
<dt>
<em class="property">class </em><code class="descclassname">paddle.v2.layer.</code><code class="descname">dot_prod</code></dt>
<dd><p>A layer for computing the dot product of two vectors.</p>
<p>The example usage is:</p>
<div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">dot_prod</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">dot_prod</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">input1</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">vec1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">input2</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">vec2</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
<li><strong>name</strong> (<em>basestring</em>) &#8211; The name of this layer. It is optional.</li>
<li><strong>input1</strong> (<em>paddle.v2.config_base.Layer</em>) &#8211; The first input layer.</li>
<li><strong>input2</strong> (<em>paddle.v2.config_base.Layer</em>) &#8211; The second input layer.</li>
<li><strong>layer_attr</strong> (<em>paddle.v2.attr.ExtraAttribute</em>) &#8211; The extra layer attribute. See paddle.v2.attr.ExtraAttribute for
details.</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">paddle.v2.config_base.Layer object.</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">paddle.v2.config_base.Layer</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</dd></dl>

</div>
<div class="section" id="out-prod">
<h3>out_prod<a class="headerlink" href="#out-prod" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
<dl class="class">
<dt>
<em class="property">class </em><code class="descclassname">paddle.v2.layer.</code><code class="descname">out_prod</code></dt>
<dd><p>A layer for computing the outer product of two vectors
The result is a matrix of size(input1) x size(input2)</p>
<p>The example usage is:</p>
<div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">out_prod</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">out_prod</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">input1</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">vec1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">input2</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">vec2</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
<li><strong>name</strong> (<em>basestring</em>) &#8211; The name of this layer. It is optional.</li>
<li><strong>input1</strong> &#8211; The first input layer.</li>
<li><strong>input2</strong> (<em>paddle.v2.config_base.Layer</em>) &#8211; The second input layer.</li>
<li><strong>layer_attr</strong> (<em>paddle.v2.attr.ExtraAttribute</em>) &#8211; The extra layer attribute. See paddle.v2.attr.ExtraAttribute for
details.</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">paddle.v2.config_base.Layer object.</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">paddle.v2.config_base.Layer</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</dd></dl>

</div>
<div class="section" id="power">
<h3>power<a class="headerlink" href="#power" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
<dl class="class">
<dt>
<em class="property">class </em><code class="descclassname">paddle.v2.layer.</code><code class="descname">power</code></dt>
<dd><p>This layer applies a power function to a vector element-wise,
which is used in NEURAL TURING MACHINE.</p>
<div class="math">
\[y = x^w\]</div>
<p>where <span class="math">\(x\)</span> is an input vector, <span class="math">\(w\)</span> is a scalar exponent,
and <span class="math">\(y\)</span> is an output vector.</p>
<p>The example usage is:</p>
<div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">power</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">power</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">input</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">layer1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">weight</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">layer2</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
<li><strong>input</strong> (<em>paddle.v2.config_base.Layer</em>) &#8211; The input of this layer.</li>
<li><strong>weight</strong> (<em>paddle.v2.config_base.Layer</em>) &#8211; The exponent of the power.</li>
<li><strong>name</strong> (<em>basestring</em>) &#8211; The name of this layer. It is optional.</li>
<li><strong>layer_attr</strong> (<em>paddle.v2.attr.ExtraAttribute</em>) &#8211; The extra layer attribute. See paddle.v2.attr.ExtraAttribute for
details.</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">paddle.v2.config_base.Layer object.</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">paddle.v2.config_base.Layer</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</dd></dl>

</div>
<div class="section" id="scaling">
<h3>scaling<a class="headerlink" href="#scaling" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
<dl class="class">
<dt>
<em class="property">class </em><code class="descclassname">paddle.v2.layer.</code><code class="descname">scaling</code></dt>
<dd><p>A layer for multiplying input vector by weight scalar.</p>
<div class="math">
\[y  = w x\]</div>
<p>where <span class="math">\(x\)</span> is size=dataDim input, <span class="math">\(w\)</span> is size=1 weight,
and <span class="math">\(y\)</span> is size=dataDim output.</p>
<p>Note that the above computation is for one sample. Multiple samples are
processed in one batch.</p>
<p>The example usage is:</p>
<div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">scale</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">scaling</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">input</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">layer1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">weight</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">layer2</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
<li><strong>input</strong> (<em>paddle.v2.config_base.Layer</em>) &#8211; The input of this layer.</li>
<li><strong>weight</strong> (<em>paddle.v2.config_base.Layer</em>) &#8211; The weight of each sample.</li>
<li><strong>name</strong> (<em>basestring</em>) &#8211; The name of this layer. It is optional.</li>
<li><strong>layer_attr</strong> (<em>paddle.v2.attr.ExtraAttribute</em>) &#8211; The extra layer attribute. See paddle.v2.attr.ExtraAttribute for
details.</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">paddle.v2.config_base.Layer object.</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">paddle.v2.config_base.Layer</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</dd></dl>

</div>
<div class="section" id="clip">
<h3>clip<a class="headerlink" href="#clip" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
<dl class="class">
<dt>
<em class="property">class </em><code class="descclassname">paddle.v2.layer.</code><code class="descname">clip</code></dt>
<dd><p>A layer for clipping the input value by the threshold.</p>
<div class="math">
\[out[i] = \min (\max (in[i],p_{1} ),p_{2} )\]</div>
<div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">clip</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">clip</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">input</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="nb">input</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nb">min</span><span class="o">=-</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nb">max</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
<li><strong>name</strong> (<em>basestring</em>) &#8211; The name of this layer. It is optional.</li>
<li><strong>input</strong> (<em>paddle.v2.config_base.Layer.</em>) &#8211; The input of this layer.</li>
<li><strong>min</strong> (<em>float</em>) &#8211; The lower threshold for clipping.</li>
<li><strong>max</strong> (<em>float</em>) &#8211; The upper threshold for clipping.</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">paddle.v2.config_base.Layer object.</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">paddle.v2.config_base.Layer</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</dd></dl>

</div>
<div class="section" id="resize">
<h3>resize<a class="headerlink" href="#resize" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
<dl class="class">
<dt>
<em class="property">class </em><code class="descclassname">paddle.v2.layer.</code><code class="descname">resize</code></dt>
<dd><p>The resize layer resizes the input matrix with a shape of [Height, Width]
into the output matrix with a shape of [Height x Width / size, size],
where size is the parameter of this layer indicating the output dimension.</p>
<table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
<li><strong>input</strong> (<em>paddle.v2.config_base.Layer.</em>) &#8211; The input of this layer.</li>
<li><strong>name</strong> (<em>basestring</em>) &#8211; The name of this layer. It is optional.</li>
<li><strong>size</strong> (<em>int</em>) &#8211; The resized output dimension of this layer.</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">A paddle.v2.config_base.Layer object.</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">paddle.v2.config_base.Layer</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</dd></dl>

</div>
<div class="section" id="slope-intercept">
<h3>slope_intercept<a class="headerlink" href="#slope-intercept" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
<dl class="class">
<dt>
<em class="property">class </em><code class="descclassname">paddle.v2.layer.</code><code class="descname">slope_intercept</code></dt>
<dd><p>This layer for applying a slope and an intercept to the input.</p>
<div class="math">
\[y = slope * x + intercept\]</div>
<p>The simple usage is:</p>
<div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">scale</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">slope_intercept</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">input</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="nb">input</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">slope</span><span class="o">=-</span><span class="mf">1.0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">intercept</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mf">1.0</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
<li><strong>input</strong> (<em>paddle.v2.config_base.Layer</em>) &#8211; The input of this layer.</li>
<li><strong>name</strong> (<em>basestring</em>) &#8211; The name of this layer. It is optional.</li>
<li><strong>slope</strong> (<em>float</em>) &#8211; The scale factor.</li>
<li><strong>intercept</strong> (<em>float</em>) &#8211; The offset.</li>
<li><strong>layer_attr</strong> (<em>paddle.v2.attr.ExtraAttribute</em>) &#8211; The extra layer attribute. See paddle.v2.attr.ExtraAttribute for
details.</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">paddle.v2.config_base.Layer object.</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">paddle.v2.config_base.Layer</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</dd></dl>

</div>
<div class="section" id="tensor">
<h3>tensor<a class="headerlink" href="#tensor" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
<dl class="class">
<dt>
<em class="property">class </em><code class="descclassname">paddle.v2.layer.</code><code class="descname">tensor</code></dt>
<dd><p>This layer performs tensor operation on two inputs.
For example:</p>
<div class="math">
\[y_{i} = a * W_{i} * {b^\mathrm{T}}, i=0,1,...,K-1\]</div>
<dl class="docutils">
<dt>In this formular:</dt>
<dd><ul class="first last simple">
<li><span class="math">\(a\)</span>: the first input contains M elements.</li>
<li><span class="math">\(b\)</span>: the second input contains N elements.</li>
<li><span class="math">\(y_{i}\)</span>: the i-th element of y.</li>
<li><span class="math">\(W_{i}\)</span>: the i-th learned weight, shape if [M, N]</li>
<li><span class="math">\(b^\mathrm{T}\)</span>: the transpose of <span class="math">\(b_{2}\)</span>.</li>
</ul>
</dd>
</dl>
<p>The simple usage is:</p>
<div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">tensor</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">tensor</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">a</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">layer1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">b</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">layer2</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">size</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">1000</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
<li><strong>name</strong> (<em>basestring</em>) &#8211; The name of this layer. It is optional.</li>
<li><strong>a</strong> (<em>paddle.v2.config_base.Layer</em>) &#8211; The first input of this layer.</li>
<li><strong>b</strong> (<em>paddle.v2.config_base.Layer</em>) &#8211; The second input of this layer.</li>
<li><strong>size</strong> (<em>int</em>) &#8211; The dimension of this layer.</li>
<li><strong>act</strong> (<em>paddle.v2.activation.Base</em>) &#8211; Activation type. paddle.v2.activation.Linear is the default activation.</li>
<li><strong>param_attr</strong> (<em>paddle.v2.attr.ParameterAttribute</em>) &#8211; The parameter attribute. See paddle.v2.attr.ParameterAttribute for
details.</li>
<li><strong>bias_attr</strong> (<em>paddle.v2.attr.ParameterAttribute | None | bool | Any</em>) &#8211; The parameter attribute for bias. If this parameter is set to
False or an object whose type is not paddle.v2.attr.ParameterAttribute,
no bias is defined. If this parameter is set to True,
the bias is initialized to zero.</li>
<li><strong>layer_attr</strong> (<em>paddle.v2.attr.ExtraAttribute | None</em>) &#8211; The extra layer attribute. See paddle.v2.attr.ExtraAttribute for
details.</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">paddle.v2.config_base.Layer object.</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">paddle.v2.config_base.Layer</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</dd></dl>

</div>
<div class="section" id="cos-sim">
<span id="api-v2-layer-cos-sim"></span><h3>cos_sim<a class="headerlink" href="#cos-sim" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
<dl class="class">
<dt>
<em class="property">class </em><code class="descclassname">paddle.v2.layer.</code><code class="descname">cos_sim</code></dt>
<dd><p>Cosine Similarity Layer. The cosine similarity equation is here.</p>
<div class="math">
\[similarity = cos(\theta) = {\mathbf{a} \cdot \mathbf{b}
\over \|\mathbf{a}\| \|\mathbf{b}\|}\]</div>
<p>The size of a is M, size of b is M*N,
Similarity will be calculated N times by step M. The output size is
N. The scale will be multiplied to similarity.</p>
<p>Note that the above computation is for one sample. Multiple samples are
processed in one batch.</p>
<p>The example usage is:</p>
<div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">cos</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">cos_sim</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">a</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">layer1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">b</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">layer2</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">size</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
<li><strong>name</strong> (<em>basestring</em>) &#8211; The name of this layer. It is optional.</li>
<li><strong>a</strong> (<em>paddle.v2.config_base.Layer</em>) &#8211; The first input of this layer.</li>
<li><strong>b</strong> (<em>paddle.v2.config_base.Layer</em>) &#8211; The second input of this layer.</li>
<li><strong>scale</strong> (<em>float</em>) &#8211; The scale of the cosine similarity. 1 is the default value.</li>
<li><strong>size</strong> (<em>int</em>) &#8211; The dimension of this layer. NOTE size_a * size should equal size_b.</li>
<li><strong>layer_attr</strong> (<em>paddle.v2.attr.ExtraAttribute</em>) &#8211; The extra layer attribute. See paddle.v2.attr.ExtraAttribute for details.</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">paddle.v2.config_base.Layer object.</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">paddle.v2.config_base.Layer</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</dd></dl>

</div>
<div class="section" id="l2-distance">
<h3>l2_distance<a class="headerlink" href="#l2-distance" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
<dl class="class">
<dt>
<em class="property">class </em><code class="descclassname">paddle.v2.layer.</code><code class="descname">l2_distance</code></dt>
<dd><p>This layer calculates and returns the Euclidean distance between two input
vectors x and y. The equation is as follows:</p>
<div class="math">
\[l2_distance(\mathbf{x}, \mathbf{y}) = \sqrt{\sum_{i=1}^D(x_i - y_i)}\]</div>
<p>The output size of this layer is fixed to be 1. Note that the above
computation is for one sample. Multiple samples are processed in one batch.</p>
<p>The example usage is:</p>
<div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">l2_sim</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">l2_distance</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">x</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">layer1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">y</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">layer2</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
<li><strong>name</strong> (<em>basestring</em>) &#8211; The name of this layer. It is optional.</li>
<li><strong>x</strong> (<em>paddle.v2.config_base.Layer</em>) &#8211; The first input x for this layer, whose output is a matrix with
dimensionality N x D. N is the sample number in a mini-batch.
D is the dimensionality of x&#8217;s output.</li>
<li><strong>y</strong> (<em>paddle.v2.config_base.Layer</em>) &#8211; The second input y for this layer, whose output is a matrix with
dimensionality N x D. N is the sample number in a mini-batch.
D is the dimensionality of y&#8217;s output.</li>
<li><strong>layer_attr</strong> (<em>paddle.v2.attr.ExtraAttribute</em>) &#8211; The extra layer attributes, for example, drop rate.
See paddle.v2.attr.ExtraAttribute for more details.</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">The returned paddle.v2.config_base.Layer object.</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">paddle.v2.config_base.Layer</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</dd></dl>

</div>
<div class="section" id="trans">
<h3>trans<a class="headerlink" href="#trans" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
<dl class="class">
<dt>
<em class="property">class </em><code class="descclassname">paddle.v2.layer.</code><code class="descname">trans</code></dt>
<dd><p>A layer for transposing a minibatch matrix.</p>
<div class="math">
\[y = x^\mathrm{T}\]</div>
<p>where <span class="math">\(x\)</span> is (M x N) input, and <span class="math">\(y\)</span> is (N x M) output.</p>
<p>The example usage is:</p>
<div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">trans</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">trans</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">input</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">layer</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
<li><strong>input</strong> (<em>paddle.v2.config_base.Layer</em>) &#8211; The input of this layer.</li>
<li><strong>name</strong> (<em>basestring</em>) &#8211; The name of this layer. It is optional.</li>
<li><strong>layer_attr</strong> (<em>paddle.v2.attr.ExtraAttribute</em>) &#8211; The extra layer attribute. See paddle.v2.attr.ExtraAttribute for
details.</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">paddle.v2.config_base.Layer object.</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">paddle.v2.config_base.Layer</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</dd></dl>

</div>
<div class="section" id="scale-shift">
<h3>scale_shift<a class="headerlink" href="#scale-shift" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
<dl class="class">
<dt>
<em class="property">class </em><code class="descclassname">paddle.v2.layer.</code><code class="descname">scale_shift</code></dt>
<dd><p>A layer applies a linear transformation to each element in each row of
the input matrix. For each element, the layer first re-scales it and then
adds a bias to it.</p>
<p>This layer is very like the SlopeInterceptLayer, except the scale and
bias are trainable.</p>
<div class="math">
\[y = w * x + b\]</div>
<div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">scale_shift</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">scale_shift</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">input</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="nb">input</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">bias_attr</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="bp">False</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
<li><strong>name</strong> (<em>basestring</em>) &#8211; The name of this layer. It is optional.</li>
<li><strong>input</strong> (<em>paddle.v2.config_base.Layer</em>) &#8211; The input of this layer.</li>
<li><strong>param_attr</strong> (<em>paddle.v2.attr.ParameterAttribute</em>) &#8211; The parameter attribute of scaling. See paddle.v2.attr.ParameterAttribute for
details.</li>
<li><strong>bias_attr</strong> (<em>paddle.v2.attr.ParameterAttribute | None | bool | Any</em>) &#8211; The bias attribute. If the parameter is set to False or an object
whose type is not paddle.v2.attr.ParameterAttribute, no bias is defined. If the
parameter is set to True, the bias is initialized to zero.</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">paddle.v2.config_base.Layer object.</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">paddle.v2.config_base.Layer</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</dd></dl>

</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="sampling-layers">
<h2>Sampling Layers<a class="headerlink" href="#sampling-layers" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<div class="section" id="maxid">
<h3>maxid<a class="headerlink" href="#maxid" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
<dl class="class">
<dt>
<em class="property">class </em><code class="descclassname">paddle.v2.layer.</code><code class="descname">max_id</code></dt>
<dd><p>A layer for finding the id which has the maximal value for each sample.
The result is stored in output.ids.</p>
<p>The example usage is:</p>
<div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">maxid</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">maxid</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">input</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">layer</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
<li><strong>input</strong> (<em>paddle.v2.config_base.Layer</em>) &#8211; The input of this layer.</li>
<li><strong>name</strong> (<em>basestring</em>) &#8211; The name of this layer. It is optional.</li>
<li><strong>layer_attr</strong> (<em>paddle.v2.attr.ExtraAttribute</em>) &#8211; The extra layer attribute. See paddle.v2.attr.ExtraAttribute for
details.</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">paddle.v2.config_base.Layer object.</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">paddle.v2.config_base.Layer</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</dd></dl>

</div>
<div class="section" id="sampling-id">
<h3>sampling_id<a class="headerlink" href="#sampling-id" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
<dl class="class">
<dt>
<em class="property">class </em><code class="descclassname">paddle.v2.layer.</code><code class="descname">sampling_id</code></dt>
<dd><p>A layer for sampling id from a multinomial distribution from the input layer.
Sampling one id for one sample.</p>
<p>The simple usage is:</p>
<div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">samping_id</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">sampling_id</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">input</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="nb">input</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
<li><strong>input</strong> (<em>paddle.v2.config_base.Layer</em>) &#8211; The input of this layer.</li>
<li><strong>name</strong> (<em>basestring</em>) &#8211; The name of this layer. It is optional.</li>
<li><strong>layer_attr</strong> (<em>paddle.v2.attr.ExtraAttribute</em>) &#8211; The extra layer attribute. See paddle.v2.attr.ExtraAttribute for
details.</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">paddle.v2.config_base.Layer object.</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">paddle.v2.config_base.Layer</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</dd></dl>

</div>
<div class="section" id="multiplex">
<h3>multiplex<a class="headerlink" href="#multiplex" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
<dl class="class">
<dt>
<em class="property">class </em><code class="descclassname">paddle.v2.layer.</code><code class="descname">multiplex</code></dt>
<dd><p>This layer multiplex multiple layers according to the indexes,
which are provided by the first input layer.
inputs[0]: the indexes of the layers to form the output of size batchSize.
inputs[1:N]; the candidate output data.
For each index i from 0 to batchSize - 1, the i-th row of the output is the
the same to the i-th row of the (index[i] + 1)-th layer.</p>
<p>For each i-th row of output:
.. math:</p>
<div class="highlight-default"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">y</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">][</span><span class="n">j</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">x_</span><span class="p">{</span><span class="n">x_</span><span class="p">{</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">}[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">}[</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">][</span><span class="n">j</span><span class="p">],</span> <span class="n">j</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="o">...</span> <span class="p">,</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">x_</span><span class="p">{</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">}</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">width</span> <span class="o">-</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>where, y is output. <span class="math">\(x_{k}\)</span> is the k-th input layer and
<span class="math">\(k = x_{0}[i] + 1\)</span>.</p>
<p>The example usage is:</p>
<div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">maxid</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">multiplex</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">input</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">layers</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
<li><strong>input</strong> (<em>list of paddle.v2.config_base.Layer</em>) &#8211; Input layers.</li>
<li><strong>name</strong> (<em>basestring</em>) &#8211; The name of this layer. It is optional.</li>
<li><strong>layer_attr</strong> (<em>paddle.v2.attr.ExtraAttribute</em>) &#8211; The extra layer attribute. See paddle.v2.attr.ExtraAttribute for
details.</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">paddle.v2.config_base.Layer object.</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">paddle.v2.config_base.Layer</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</dd></dl>

</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="factorization-machine-layer">
<h2>Factorization Machine Layer<a class="headerlink" href="#factorization-machine-layer" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<div class="section" id="factorization-machine">
<h3>factorization_machine<a class="headerlink" href="#factorization-machine" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
<dl class="class">
<dt>
<em class="property">class </em><code class="descclassname">paddle.v2.layer.</code><code class="descname">factorization_machine</code></dt>
<dd><blockquote>
<div><p>The Factorization Machine models pairwise feature interactions as inner
product of the learned latent vectors corresponding to each input feature.
The Factorization Machine can effectively capture feature interactions
especially when the input is sparse.</p>
<p>This implementation only consider the 2-order feature interactions using
Factorization Machine with the formula:</p>
<div class="math">
\[y = \sum_{i=1}^{n-1}\sum_{j=i+1}^n\langle v_i, v_j\]</div>
</div></blockquote>
<p>angle x_i x_j</p>
<blockquote>
<div><dl class="docutils">
<dt>Note:</dt>
<dd>X is the input vector with size n. V is the factor matrix. Each row of V
is the latent vector corresponding to each input dimesion. The size of
each latent vector is k.</dd>
</dl>
<p>For details of Factorization Machine, please refer to the paper:
Factorization machines.</p>
<table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">param input:</th><td class="field-body">The input layer. Supported input types: all input data types
on CPU, and only dense input types on GPU.</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">type input:</th><td class="field-body">paddle.v2.config_base.Layer</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name" colspan="2">param factor_size:</th></tr>
<tr class="field-odd field"><td>&#160;</td><td class="field-body">The hyperparameter that defines the dimensionality of
the latent vector size.</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name" colspan="2">type context_len:</th></tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><td>&#160;</td><td class="field-body">int</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">param act:</th><td class="field-body">Activation Type. Default is linear activation.</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">type act:</th><td class="field-body">paddle.v2.activation.Base</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name" colspan="2">param param_attr:</th></tr>
<tr class="field-odd field"><td>&#160;</td><td class="field-body">The parameter attribute. See paddle.v2.attr.ParameterAttribute for
details.</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name" colspan="2">type param_attr:</th></tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><td>&#160;</td><td class="field-body">paddle.v2.attr.ParameterAttribute</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name" colspan="2">param layer_attr:</th></tr>
<tr class="field-odd field"><td>&#160;</td><td class="field-body">Extra Layer config.</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name" colspan="2">type layer_attr:</th></tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><td>&#160;</td><td class="field-body">paddle.v2.attr.ExtraAttributeNone</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">return:</th><td class="field-body">paddle.v2.config_base.Layer object.</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">rtype:</th><td class="field-body">paddle.v2.config_base.Layer</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div></blockquote>
</dd></dl>

</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="slicing-and-joining-layers">
<h2>Slicing and Joining Layers<a class="headerlink" href="#slicing-and-joining-layers" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<div class="section" id="pad">
<h3>pad<a class="headerlink" href="#pad" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
<dl class="class">
<dt>
<em class="property">class </em><code class="descclassname">paddle.v2.layer.</code><code class="descname">pad</code></dt>
<dd><p>This operation pads zeros to the input data according to pad_c,pad_h
and pad_w. pad_c, pad_h, pad_w specify the size in the corresponding
dimension. And the input data shape is NCHW.</p>
<p>For example, pad_c=[2,3] means padding 2 zeros before the input data
and 3 zeros after the input data in the channel dimension. pad_h means
padding zeros in the height dimension. pad_w means padding zeros in the
width dimension.</p>
<p>For example,</p>
<div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nb">input</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">)</span>  <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">[</span>
                    <span class="p">[</span> <span class="p">[[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">],</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">]],</span>
                      <span class="p">[[</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">],</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">6</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">7</span><span class="p">]]</span> <span class="p">],</span>
                    <span class="p">[</span> <span class="p">[[</span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">],</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">8</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">7</span><span class="p">]],</span>
                      <span class="p">[[</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">8</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">9</span><span class="p">],</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">]]</span> <span class="p">]</span>
                  <span class="p">]</span>

<span class="n">pad_c</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">],</span> <span class="n">pad_h</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">],</span> <span class="n">pad_w</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">]</span>

<span class="n">output</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">[</span>
                    <span class="p">[</span> <span class="p">[[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">],</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">]],</span>
                      <span class="p">[[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">],</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">]],</span>
                      <span class="p">[[</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">],</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">6</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">7</span><span class="p">]],</span>
                      <span class="p">[[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">],</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">]]</span> <span class="p">],</span>
                    <span class="p">[</span> <span class="p">[[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">],</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">]],</span>
                      <span class="p">[[</span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">],</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">8</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">7</span><span class="p">]],</span>
                      <span class="p">[[</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">8</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">9</span><span class="p">],</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">]],</span>
                      <span class="p">[[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">],</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">]]</span> <span class="p">]</span>
                  <span class="p">]</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>The simply usage is:</p>
<div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">pad</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">pad</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">input</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">ipt</span><span class="p">,</span>
                <span class="n">pad_c</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">],</span>
                <span class="n">pad_h</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">],</span>
                <span class="n">pad_w</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">])</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
<li><strong>input</strong> (<em>paddle.v2.config_base.Layer</em>) &#8211; The input of this layer.</li>
<li><strong>pad_c</strong> (<em>list | None</em>) &#8211; The padding size in the channel dimension.</li>
<li><strong>pad_h</strong> (<em>list | None</em>) &#8211; The padding size in the height dimension.</li>
<li><strong>pad_w</strong> (<em>list | None</em>) &#8211; The padding size in the width dimension.</li>
<li><strong>layer_attr</strong> (<em>paddle.v2.attr.ExtraAttribute</em>) &#8211; The extra layer attribute. See paddle.v2.attr.ExtraAttribute for
details.</li>
<li><strong>name</strong> (<em>basestring</em>) &#8211; The name of this layer. It is optional.</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">paddle.v2.config_base.Layer object.</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">paddle.v2.config_base.Layer</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</dd></dl>

</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="cost-layers">
<span id="api-v2-layer-costs"></span><h2>Cost Layers<a class="headerlink" href="#cost-layers" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<div class="section" id="cross-entropy-cost">
<h3>cross_entropy_cost<a class="headerlink" href="#cross-entropy-cost" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
<dl class="class">
<dt>
<em class="property">class </em><code class="descclassname">paddle.v2.layer.</code><code class="descname">cross_entropy_cost</code></dt>
<dd><p>A loss layer for multi class entropy.</p>
<p>The example usage is:</p>
<div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">cost</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">cross_entropy</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">input</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="nb">input</span><span class="p">,</span>
                     <span class="n">label</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">label</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
<li><strong>input</strong> (<em>paddle.v2.config_base.Layer</em>) &#8211; The first input layer.</li>
<li><strong>label</strong> &#8211; The input label.</li>
<li><strong>name</strong> (<em>basestring</em>) &#8211; The name of this layer. It is optional.</li>
<li><strong>coeff</strong> (<em>float</em>) &#8211; The weight of the gradient in the back propagation.
1.0 is the default value.</li>
<li><strong>weight</strong> (<em>LayerOutout</em>) &#8211; The weight layer defines a weight for each sample in the
mini-batch. It is optional.</li>
<li><strong>layer_attr</strong> (<em>paddle.v2.attr.ExtraAttribute</em>) &#8211; The extra layer attribute. See paddle.v2.attr.ExtraAttribute for
details.</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">paddle.v2.config_base.Layer object.</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">paddle.v2.config_base.Layer</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</dd></dl>

</div>
<div class="section" id="cross-entropy-with-selfnorm-cost">
<h3>cross_entropy_with_selfnorm_cost<a class="headerlink" href="#cross-entropy-with-selfnorm-cost" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
<dl class="class">
<dt>
<em class="property">class </em><code class="descclassname">paddle.v2.layer.</code><code class="descname">cross_entropy_with_selfnorm_cost</code></dt>
<dd><p>A loss layer for multi class entropy with selfnorm.
Input should be a vector of positive numbers, without normalization.</p>
<p>The example usage is:</p>
<div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">cost</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">cross_entropy_with_selfnorm</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">input</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="nb">input</span><span class="p">,</span>
                                   <span class="n">label</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">label</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
<li><strong>input</strong> (<em>paddle.v2.config_base.Layer</em>) &#8211; The first input layer.</li>
<li><strong>label</strong> &#8211; The input label.</li>
<li><strong>name</strong> (<em>basestring</em>) &#8211; The name of this layer. It is optional.</li>
<li><strong>coeff</strong> (<em>float</em>) &#8211; The weight of the gradient in the back propagation.
1.0 is the default value.</li>
<li><strong>softmax_selfnorm_alpha</strong> (<em>float</em>) &#8211; The scale factor affects the cost.</li>
<li><strong>layer_attr</strong> (<em>paddle.v2.attr.ExtraAttribute</em>) &#8211; The extra layer attribute. See paddle.v2.attr.ExtraAttribute for
details.</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">paddle.v2.config_base.Layer object.</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">paddle.v2.config_base.Layer</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</dd></dl>

</div>
<div class="section" id="multi-binary-label-cross-entropy-cost">
<h3>multi_binary_label_cross_entropy_cost<a class="headerlink" href="#multi-binary-label-cross-entropy-cost" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
<dl class="class">
<dt>
<em class="property">class </em><code class="descclassname">paddle.v2.layer.</code><code class="descname">multi_binary_label_cross_entropy_cost</code></dt>
<dd><p>A loss layer for multi binary label cross entropy.</p>
<p>The example usage is:</p>
<div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">cost</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">multi_binary_label_cross_entropy</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">input</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="nb">input</span><span class="p">,</span>
                                        <span class="n">label</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">label</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
<li><strong>input</strong> (<em>paddle.v2.config_base.Layer</em>) &#8211; The first input layer.</li>
<li><strong>label</strong> &#8211; The input label.</li>
<li><strong>name</strong> (<em>basestring</em>) &#8211; The name of this layer. It is optional.</li>
<li><strong>coeff</strong> (<em>float</em>) &#8211; The weight of the gradient in the back propagation.
1.0 is the default value.</li>
<li><strong>layer_attr</strong> (<em>paddle.v2.attr.ExtraAttribute</em>) &#8211; The extra layer attribute. See paddle.v2.attr.ExtraAttribute for
details.</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">paddle.v2.config_base.Layer object.</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">paddle.v2.config_base.Layer</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</dd></dl>

</div>
<div class="section" id="huber-regression-cost">
<h3>huber_regression_cost<a class="headerlink" href="#huber-regression-cost" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
<dl class="class">
<dt>
<em class="property">class </em><code class="descclassname">paddle.v2.layer.</code><code class="descname">huber_regression_cost</code></dt>
<dd><p>In statistics, the Huber loss is a loss function used in robust regression,
that is less sensitive to outliers in data than the squared error loss.
Given a prediction f(x), a label y and <span class="math">\(\delta\)</span>, the loss function
is defined as:</p>
<div class="math">
\[ \begin{align}\begin{aligned}loss = 0.5*(y-f(x))^{2}, | y-f(x) | &lt; \delta\\loss = \delta | y-f(x) | - 0.5 \delta ^2, otherwise\end{aligned}\end{align} \]</div>
<p>The example usage is:</p>
<div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">cost</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">huber_regression_cost</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">input</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="nb">input</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">label</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">label</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
<li><strong>input</strong> (<em>paddle.v2.config_base.Layer</em>) &#8211; The first input layer.</li>
<li><strong>label</strong> &#8211; The input label.</li>
<li><strong>name</strong> (<em>basestring</em>) &#8211; The name of this layer. It is optional.</li>
<li><strong>delta</strong> (<em>float</em>) &#8211; The difference between the observed and predicted values.</li>
<li><strong>coeff</strong> (<em>float</em>) &#8211; The weight of the gradient in the back propagation.
1.0 is the default value.</li>
<li><strong>layer_attr</strong> (<em>paddle.v2.attr.ExtraAttribute</em>) &#8211; The extra layer attribute. See paddle.v2.attr.ExtraAttribute for
details.</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">paddle.v2.config_base.Layer object.</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">paddle.v2.config_base.Layer.</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</dd></dl>

</div>
<div class="section" id="huber-classification-cost">
<h3>huber_classification_cost<a class="headerlink" href="#huber-classification-cost" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
<dl class="class">
<dt>
<em class="property">class </em><code class="descclassname">paddle.v2.layer.</code><code class="descname">huber_classification_cost</code></dt>
<dd><p>For classification purposes, a variant of the Huber loss called modified Huber
is sometimes used. Given a prediction f(x) (a real-valued classifier score) and
a true binary class label <span class="math">\(y\in \{-1, 1 \}\)</span>, the modified Huber
loss is defined as:</p>
<p>The example usage is:</p>
<div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">cost</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">huber_classification_cost</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">input</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="nb">input</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">label</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">label</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
<li><strong>input</strong> (<em>paddle.v2.config_base.Layer</em>) &#8211; The first input layer.</li>
<li><strong>label</strong> &#8211; The input label.</li>
<li><strong>name</strong> (<em>basestring</em>) &#8211; The name of this layer. It is optional.</li>
<li><strong>coeff</strong> (<em>float</em>) &#8211; The weight of the gradient in the back propagation.
1.0 is the default value.</li>
<li><strong>layer_attr</strong> (<em>paddle.v2.attr.ExtraAttribute</em>) &#8211; The extra layer attribute. See paddle.v2.attr.ExtraAttribute for
details.</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">paddle.v2.config_base.Layer object.</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">paddle.v2.config_base.Layer</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</dd></dl>

</div>
<div class="section" id="lambda-cost">
<h3>lambda_cost<a class="headerlink" href="#lambda-cost" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
<dl class="class">
<dt>
<em class="property">class </em><code class="descclassname">paddle.v2.layer.</code><code class="descname">lambda_cost</code></dt>
<dd><p>lambdaCost for lambdaRank LTR approach.</p>
<p>The example usage is:</p>
<div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">cost</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">lambda_cost</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">input</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="nb">input</span><span class="p">,</span>
                   <span class="n">score</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">score</span><span class="p">,</span>
                   <span class="n">NDCG_num</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">8</span><span class="p">,</span>
                   <span class="n">max_sort_size</span><span class="o">=-</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
<li><strong>input</strong> (<em>paddle.v2.config_base.Layer</em>) &#8211; The first input of this layer, which is often a document
samples list of the same query and whose type must be sequence.</li>
<li><strong>score</strong> &#8211; The scores of the samples.</li>
<li><strong>NDCG_num</strong> (<em>int</em>) &#8211; The size of NDCG (Normalized Discounted Cumulative Gain),
e.g., 5 for NDCG&#64;5. It must be less than or equal to the
minimum size of the list.</li>
<li><strong>max_sort_size</strong> (<em>int</em>) &#8211; The size of partial sorting in calculating gradient. If
max_sort_size is equal to -1 or greater than the number
of the samples in the list, then the algorithm will sort
the entire list to compute the gradient. In other cases,
max_sort_size must be greater than or equal to NDCG_num.</li>
<li><strong>name</strong> (<em>basestring</em>) &#8211; The name of this layer. It is optional.</li>
<li><strong>layer_attr</strong> (<em>paddle.v2.attr.ExtraAttribute</em>) &#8211; The extra layer attribute. See paddle.v2.attr.ExtraAttribute for
details.</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">paddle.v2.config_base.Layer object.</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">paddle.v2.config_base.Layer</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</dd></dl>

</div>
<div class="section" id="square-error-cost">
<h3>square_error_cost<a class="headerlink" href="#square-error-cost" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
<dl class="class">
<dt>
<em class="property">class </em><code class="descclassname">paddle.v2.layer.</code><code class="descname">square_error_cost</code></dt>
<dd><p>sum of square error cost:</p>
<div class="math">
\[cost = \sum_{i=1}^N(t_i-y_i)^2\]</div>
<table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
<li><strong>name</strong> (<em>basestring</em>) &#8211; The name of this layer. It is optional.</li>
<li><strong>input</strong> (<em>paddle.v2.config_base.Layer</em>) &#8211; The first input layer.</li>
<li><strong>label</strong> (<em>paddle.v2.config_base.Layer</em>) &#8211; The input label.</li>
<li><strong>weight</strong> (<em>paddle.v2.config_base.Layer</em>) &#8211; The weight layer defines a weight for each sample in the
mini-batch. It is optional.</li>
<li><strong>coeff</strong> (<em>float</em>) &#8211; The weight of the gradient in the back propagation.
1.0 is the default value.</li>
<li><strong>layer_attr</strong> (<em>paddle.v2.attr.ExtraAttribute</em>) &#8211; The extra layer attribute. See paddle.v2.attr.ExtraAttribute for
details.</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">paddle.v2.config_base.Layer object.</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">paddle.v2.config_base.Layer</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</dd></dl>

</div>
<div class="section" id="rank-cost">
<h3>rank_cost<a class="headerlink" href="#rank-cost" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
<dl class="class">
<dt>
<em class="property">class </em><code class="descclassname">paddle.v2.layer.</code><code class="descname">rank_cost</code></dt>
<dd><p>A cost Layer for learning to rank using gradient descent.</p>
<dl class="docutils">
<dt>Reference:</dt>
<dd><a class="reference external" href="http://research.microsoft.com/en-us/um/people/cburges/papers/ICML_ranking.pdf">Learning to Rank using Gradient Descent</a></dd>
</dl>
<div class="math">
\[ \begin{align}\begin{aligned}C_{i,j} &amp; = -\tilde{P_{ij}} * o_{i,j} + log(1 + e^{o_{i,j}})\\o_{i,j} &amp; =  o_i - o_j\\\tilde{P_{i,j}} &amp; = \{0, 0.5, 1\} \ or \ \{0, 1\}\end{aligned}\end{align} \]</div>
<dl class="docutils">
<dt>In this formula:</dt>
<dd><ul class="first last simple">
<li><span class="math">\(C_{i,j}\)</span> is the cross entropy cost.</li>
<li><span class="math">\(\tilde{P_{i,j}}\)</span> is the label. 1 means positive order
and 0 means reverse order.</li>
<li><span class="math">\(o_i\)</span> and <span class="math">\(o_j\)</span>: the left output and right output.
Their dimension is one.</li>
</ul>
</dd>
</dl>
<p>The example usage is:</p>
<div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">cost</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">rank_cost</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">left</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">out_left</span><span class="p">,</span>
                 <span class="n">right</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">out_right</span><span class="p">,</span>
                 <span class="n">label</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">label</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
<li><strong>left</strong> (<em>paddle.v2.config_base.Layer</em>) &#8211; The first input, the size of this layer is 1.</li>
<li><strong>right</strong> (<em>paddle.v2.config_base.Layer</em>) &#8211; The right input, the size of this layer is 1.</li>
<li><strong>label</strong> (<em>paddle.v2.config_base.Layer</em>) &#8211; Label is 1 or 0, means positive order and reverse order.</li>
<li><strong>weight</strong> (<em>paddle.v2.config_base.Layer</em>) &#8211; The weight layer defines a weight for each sample in the
mini-batch. It is optional.</li>
<li><strong>name</strong> (<em>basestring</em>) &#8211; The name of this layer. It is optional.</li>
<li><strong>coeff</strong> (<em>float</em>) &#8211; The weight of the gradient in the back propagation.
1.0 is the default value.</li>
<li><strong>layer_attr</strong> (<em>paddle.v2.attr.ExtraAttribute</em>) &#8211; The extra layer attribute. See paddle.v2.attr.ExtraAttribute for
details.</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">paddle.v2.config_base.Layer object.</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">paddle.v2.config_base.Layer</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</dd></dl>

</div>
<div class="section" id="sum-cost">
<h3>sum_cost<a class="headerlink" href="#sum-cost" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
<dl class="class">
<dt>
<em class="property">class </em><code class="descclassname">paddle.v2.layer.</code><code class="descname">sum_cost</code></dt>
<dd><p>A loss layer which calculates the sum of the input as loss.</p>
<p>The example usage is:</p>
<div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">cost</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">sum_cost</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">input</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="nb">input</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
<li><strong>input</strong> (<em>paddle.v2.config_base.Layer</em>) &#8211; The input of this layer.</li>
<li><strong>name</strong> (<em>basestring</em>) &#8211; The name of this layer. It is optional.</li>
<li><strong>layer_attr</strong> (<em>paddle.v2.attr.ExtraAttribute</em>) &#8211; The extra layer attribute. See paddle.v2.attr.ExtraAttribute for
details.</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">paddle.v2.config_base.Layer object.</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">paddle.v2.config_base.Layer.</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</dd></dl>

</div>
<div class="section" id="crf">
<h3>crf<a class="headerlink" href="#crf" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
<dl class="class">
<dt>
<em class="property">class </em><code class="descclassname">paddle.v2.layer.</code><code class="descname">crf</code></dt>
<dd><p>A layer for calculating the cost of sequential conditional random
field model.</p>
<p>The example usage is:</p>
<div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">crf</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">crf</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">input</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="nb">input</span><span class="p">,</span>
                <span class="n">label</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">label</span><span class="p">,</span>
                <span class="n">size</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">label_dim</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
<li><strong>input</strong> (<em>paddle.v2.config_base.Layer</em>) &#8211; The first input layer.</li>
<li><strong>label</strong> (<em>paddle.v2.config_base.Layer</em>) &#8211; The input label.</li>
<li><strong>size</strong> (<em>int</em>) &#8211; The category number.</li>
<li><strong>weight</strong> (<em>paddle.v2.config_base.Layer</em>) &#8211; The weight layer defines a weight for each sample in the
mini-batch. It is optional.</li>
<li><strong>param_attr</strong> (<em>paddle.v2.attr.ParameterAttribute</em>) &#8211; The parameter attribute. See paddle.v2.attr.ParameterAttribute for
details.</li>
<li><strong>name</strong> (<em>basestring</em>) &#8211; The name of this layer. It is optional.</li>
<li><strong>coeff</strong> (<em>float</em>) &#8211; The weight of the gradient in the back propagation.
1.0 is the default value.</li>
<li><strong>layer_attr</strong> (<em>paddle.v2.attr.ExtraAttribute</em>) &#8211; The extra layer attribute. See paddle.v2.attr.ExtraAttribute for
details.</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">paddle.v2.config_base.Layer object.</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">paddle.v2.config_base.Layer</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</dd></dl>

</div>
<div class="section" id="crf-decoding">
<h3>crf_decoding<a class="headerlink" href="#crf-decoding" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
<dl class="class">
<dt>
<em class="property">class </em><code class="descclassname">paddle.v2.layer.</code><code class="descname">crf_decoding</code></dt>
<dd><p>A layer for calculating the decoding sequence of sequential conditional
random field model. The decoding sequence is stored in output.ids.
If the input &#8216;label&#8217; is provided, it is treated as the ground-truth label, and
this layer will also calculate error. output.value[i] is 1 for an incorrect
decoding and 0 for the correct.</p>
<p>The example usage is:</p>
<div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">crf_decoding</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">crf_decoding</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">input</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="nb">input</span><span class="p">,</span>
                                  <span class="n">size</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">label_dim</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
<li><strong>input</strong> (<em>paddle.v2.config_base.Layer</em>) &#8211; The first input layer.</li>
<li><strong>size</strong> (<em>int</em>) &#8211; The dimension of this layer.</li>
<li><strong>label</strong> (<em>paddle.v2.config_base.Layer | None</em>) &#8211; The input label.</li>
<li><strong>param_attr</strong> (<em>paddle.v2.attr.ParameterAttribute</em>) &#8211; The parameter attribute. See paddle.v2.attr.ParameterAttribute for
details.</li>
<li><strong>name</strong> (<em>basestring</em>) &#8211; The name of this layer. It is optional.</li>
<li><strong>layer_attr</strong> (<em>paddle.v2.attr.ExtraAttribute</em>) &#8211; The extra layer attribute. See paddle.v2.attr.ExtraAttribute for
details.</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">paddle.v2.config_base.Layer object.</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">paddle.v2.config_base.Layer</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</dd></dl>

</div>
<div class="section" id="ctc">
<h3>ctc<a class="headerlink" href="#ctc" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
<dl class="class">
<dt>
<em class="property">class </em><code class="descclassname">paddle.v2.layer.</code><code class="descname">ctc</code></dt>
<dd><p>Connectionist Temporal Classification (CTC) is designed for temporal
classication task. e.g. sequence labeling problems where the
alignment between the inputs and the target labels is unknown.</p>
<dl class="docutils">
<dt>Reference:</dt>
<dd><a class="reference external" href="http://machinelearning.wustl.edu/mlpapers/paper_files/icml2006_GravesFGS06.pdf">Connectionist Temporal Classification: Labelling Unsegmented Sequence Data
with Recurrent Neural Networks</a></dd>
</dl>
<div class="admonition note">
<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p>
<p class="last">Considering the &#8216;blank&#8217; label needed by CTC, you need to use (num_classes + 1)
as the size of the input, where num_classes is the category number.
And the &#8216;blank&#8217; is the last category index. So the size of &#8216;input&#8217; layer (e.g.
fc with softmax activation) should be (num_classes + 1). The size of
ctc should also be (num_classes + 1).</p>
</div>
<p>The example usage is:</p>
<div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">ctc</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">ctc</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">input</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="nb">input</span><span class="p">,</span>
                <span class="n">label</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">label</span><span class="p">,</span>
                <span class="n">size</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">9055</span><span class="p">,</span>
                <span class="n">norm_by_times</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="bp">True</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
<li><strong>input</strong> (<em>paddle.v2.config_base.Layer</em>) &#8211; The input of this layer.</li>
<li><strong>label</strong> (<em>paddle.v2.config_base.Layer</em>) &#8211; The input label.</li>
<li><strong>size</strong> (<em>int</em>) &#8211; The dimension of this layer, which must be equal to (category number + 1).</li>
<li><strong>name</strong> (<em>basestring</em>) &#8211; The name of this layer. It is optional.</li>
<li><strong>norm_by_times</strong> (<em>bool</em>) &#8211; Whether to do normalization by times. False is the default.</li>
<li><strong>layer_attr</strong> (<em>paddle.v2.attr.ExtraAttribute</em>) &#8211; The extra layer attribute. See paddle.v2.attr.ExtraAttribute for
details.</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">paddle.v2.config_base.Layer object.</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">paddle.v2.config_base.Layer</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</dd></dl>

</div>
<div class="section" id="warp-ctc">
<h3>warp_ctc<a class="headerlink" href="#warp-ctc" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
<dl class="class">
<dt>
<em class="property">class </em><code class="descclassname">paddle.v2.layer.</code><code class="descname">warp_ctc</code></dt>
<dd><p>A layer intergrating the open-source <a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/baidu-research/warp-ctc">warp-ctc</a> library, which is used in
<a class="reference external" href="https://arxiv.org/pdf/1512.02595v1.pdf">Deep Speech 2: End-toEnd Speech Recognition in English and Mandarin</a>, to compute Connectionist Temporal
Classification (CTC) loss. Besides, another <a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/gangliao/warp-ctc">warp-ctc</a> repository, which is forked from
the official one, is maintained to enable more compiling options. During the
building process, PaddlePaddle will clone the source codes, build and
install it to <code class="code docutils literal"><span class="pre">third_party/install/warpctc</span></code> directory.</p>
<dl class="docutils">
<dt>Reference:</dt>
<dd><a class="reference external" href="http://machinelearning.wustl.edu/mlpapers/paper_files/icml2006_GravesFGS06.pdf">Connectionist Temporal Classification: Labelling Unsegmented Sequence Data
with Recurrent Neural Networks</a></dd>
</dl>
<div class="admonition note">
<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p>
<ul class="last simple">
<li>Let num_classes represents the category number. Considering the &#8216;blank&#8217;
label needed by CTC, you need to use (num_classes + 1) as the size of
warp_ctc layer.</li>
<li>You can set &#8216;blank&#8217; to any value ranged in [0, num_classes], which
should be consistent with those used in your labels.</li>
<li>As a native &#8216;softmax&#8217; activation is interated to the warp-ctc library,
&#8216;linear&#8217; activation is expected to be used instead in the &#8216;input&#8217; layer.</li>
</ul>
</div>
<p>The example usage is:</p>
<div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">ctc</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">warp_ctc</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">input</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="nb">input</span><span class="p">,</span>
                     <span class="n">label</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">label</span><span class="p">,</span>
                     <span class="n">size</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">1001</span><span class="p">,</span>
                     <span class="n">blank</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">1000</span><span class="p">,</span>
                     <span class="n">norm_by_times</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="bp">False</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
<li><strong>input</strong> (<em>paddle.v2.config_base.Layer</em>) &#8211; The input of this layer.</li>
<li><strong>label</strong> (<em>paddle.v2.config_base.Layer</em>) &#8211; The input label.</li>
<li><strong>size</strong> (<em>int</em>) &#8211; The dimension of this layer, which must be equal to (category number + 1).</li>
<li><strong>name</strong> (<em>basestring</em>) &#8211; The name of this layer. It is optional.</li>
<li><strong>blank</strong> (<em>int</em>) &#8211; The &#8216;blank&#8217; label used in ctc.</li>
<li><strong>norm_by_times</strong> (<em>bool</em>) &#8211; Whether to do normalization by times. False is the default.</li>
<li><strong>layer_attr</strong> (<em>paddle.v2.attr.ExtraAttribute</em>) &#8211; The extra layer attribute. See paddle.v2.attr.ExtraAttribute for
details.</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">paddle.v2.config_base.Layer object.</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">paddle.v2.config_base.Layer</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</dd></dl>

</div>
<div class="section" id="nce">
<h3>nce<a class="headerlink" href="#nce" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
<dl class="class">
<dt>
<em class="property">class </em><code class="descclassname">paddle.v2.layer.</code><code class="descname">nce</code></dt>
<dd><p>Noise-contrastive estimation.</p>
<dl class="docutils">
<dt>Reference:</dt>
<dd><a class="reference external" href="https://www.cs.toronto.edu/~amnih/papers/ncelm.pdf">A fast and simple algorithm for training neural probabilistic language
models.</a></dd>
</dl>
<p>The example usage is:</p>
<div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">cost</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">nce</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">input</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">layer1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">layer2</span><span class="p">],</span> <span class="n">label</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">layer2</span><span class="p">,</span>
                 <span class="n">param_attr</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">attr1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">attr2</span><span class="p">],</span> <span class="n">weight</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">layer3</span><span class="p">,</span>
                 <span class="n">num_classes</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">neg_distribution</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mf">0.1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mf">0.3</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mf">0.6</span><span class="p">])</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
<li><strong>name</strong> (<em>basestring</em>) &#8211; The name of this layer. It is optional.</li>
<li><strong>input</strong> (<em>paddle.v2.config_base.Layer | list | tuple | collections.Sequence</em>) &#8211; The first input of this layer.</li>
<li><strong>label</strong> (<em>paddle.v2.config_base.Layer</em>) &#8211; The input label.</li>
<li><strong>weight</strong> (<em>paddle.v2.config_base.Layer</em>) &#8211; The weight layer defines a weight for each sample in the
mini-batch. It is optional.</li>
<li><strong>num_classes</strong> (<em>int</em>) &#8211; The number of classes.</li>
<li><strong>act</strong> (<em>paddle.v2.activation.Base</em>) &#8211; Activation type. paddle.v2.activation.Sigmoid is the default activation.</li>
<li><strong>param_attr</strong> (<em>paddle.v2.attr.ParameterAttribute</em>) &#8211; The parameter attribute. See paddle.v2.attr.ParameterAttribute for
details.</li>
<li><strong>num_neg_samples</strong> (<em>int</em>) &#8211; The number of sampled negative labels. 10 is the
default value.</li>
<li><strong>neg_distribution</strong> (<em>list | tuple | collections.Sequence | None</em>) &#8211; The discrete noisy distribution over the output
space from which num_neg_samples negative labels
are sampled. If this parameter is not set, a
uniform distribution will be used. A user-defined
distribution is a list whose length must be equal
to the num_classes. Each member of the list defines
the probability of a class given input x.</li>
<li><strong>bias_attr</strong> (<em>paddle.v2.attr.ParameterAttribute | None | bool | Any</em>) &#8211; The parameter attribute for bias. If this parameter is set to
False or an object whose type is not paddle.v2.attr.ParameterAttribute,
no bias is defined. If this parameter is set to True,
the bias is initialized to zero.</li>
<li><strong>layer_attr</strong> (<em>paddle.v2.attr.ExtraAttribute</em>) &#8211; The extra layer attribute. See paddle.v2.attr.ExtraAttribute for
details.</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">paddle.v2.config_base.Layer object.</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">paddle.v2.config_base.Layer</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</dd></dl>

</div>
<div class="section" id="hsigmoid">
<h3>hsigmoid<a class="headerlink" href="#hsigmoid" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
<dl class="class">
<dt>
<em class="property">class </em><code class="descclassname">paddle.v2.layer.</code><code class="descname">hsigmoid</code></dt>
<dd><p>Organize the classes into a binary tree. At each node, a sigmoid function
is used to calculate the probability of belonging to the right branch.</p>
<dl class="docutils">
<dt>Reference:</dt>
<dd><a class="reference external" href="http://www.gatsby.ucl.ac.uk/aistats/fullpapers/208.pdf">Hierarchical Probabilistic Neural Network Language Model</a></dd>
</dl>
<p>The example usage is:</p>
<div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">cost</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">hsigmoid</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">input</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">layer1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">layer2</span><span class="p">],</span>
                <span class="n">label</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">data</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
<li><strong>input</strong> (<em>paddle.v2.config_base.Layer | list | tuple</em>) &#8211; The input of this layer.</li>
<li><strong>label</strong> (<em>paddle.v2.config_base.Layer</em>) &#8211; The input label.</li>
<li><strong>num_classes</strong> (<em>int</em>) &#8211; The number of classes. And it should be larger than 2. If the parameter
is not set or set to None, its actual value will be automatically set to
the number of labels.</li>
<li><strong>name</strong> (<em>basestring</em>) &#8211; The name of this layer. It is optional.</li>
<li><strong>bias_attr</strong> (<em>paddle.v2.attr.ParameterAttribute | None | bool | Any</em>) &#8211; The bias attribute. If the parameter is set to False or an object
whose type is not paddle.v2.attr.ParameterAttribute, no bias is defined. If the
parameter is set to True, the bias is initialized to zero.</li>
<li><strong>param_attr</strong> (<em>paddle.v2.attr.ParameterAttribute</em>) &#8211; The parameter attribute. See paddle.v2.attr.ParameterAttribute for details.</li>
<li><strong>layer_attr</strong> (<em>paddle.v2.attr.ExtraAttribute</em>) &#8211; The extra layer attribute. See paddle.v2.attr.ExtraAttribute for details.</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">paddle.v2.config_base.Layer object.</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">paddle.v2.config_base.Layer</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</dd></dl>

</div>
<div class="section" id="smooth-l1-cost">
<h3>smooth_l1_cost<a class="headerlink" href="#smooth-l1-cost" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
<dl class="class">
<dt>
<em class="property">class </em><code class="descclassname">paddle.v2.layer.</code><code class="descname">smooth_l1_cost</code></dt>
<dd><p>This is a L1 loss but more smooth. It requires that the
sizes of input and label are equal. The formula is as follows,</p>
<div class="math">
\[L = \sum_{i} smooth_{L1}(input_i - label_i)\]</div>
<p>in which</p>
<div class="math">
\[\begin{split}smooth_{L1}(x) = \begin{cases} 0.5x^2&amp; \text{if}  \ |x| &lt; 1 \\ |x|-0.5&amp; \text{otherwise} \end{cases}\end{split}\]</div>
<dl class="docutils">
<dt>Reference:</dt>
<dd><a class="reference external" href="https://arxiv.org/pdf/1504.08083v2.pdf">Fast R-CNN</a></dd>
</dl>
<p>The example usage is:</p>
<div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">cost</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">smooth_l1_cost</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">input</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="nb">input</span><span class="p">,</span>
                      <span class="n">label</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">label</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
<li><strong>input</strong> (<em>paddle.v2.config_base.Layer</em>) &#8211; The input layer.</li>
<li><strong>label</strong> &#8211; The input label.</li>
<li><strong>name</strong> (<em>basestring</em>) &#8211; The name of this layer. It is optional.</li>
<li><strong>coeff</strong> (<em>float</em>) &#8211; The weight of the gradient in the back propagation.
1.0 is the default value.</li>
<li><strong>layer_attr</strong> (<em>paddle.v2.attr.ExtraAttribute</em>) &#8211; The extra layer attribute. See paddle.v2.attr.ExtraAttribute for
details.</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">paddle.v2.config_base.Layer object.</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">paddle.v2.config_base.Layer</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</dd></dl>

</div>
<div class="section" id="multibox-loss">
<h3>multibox_loss<a class="headerlink" href="#multibox-loss" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
<dl class="class">
<dt>
<em class="property">class </em><code class="descclassname">paddle.v2.layer.</code><code class="descname">multibox_loss</code></dt>
<dd><p>Compute the location loss and the confidence loss for ssd.</p>
<table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
<li><strong>name</strong> (<em>basestring</em>) &#8211; The name of this layer. It is optional.</li>
<li><strong>input_loc</strong> (<em>paddle.v2.config_base.Layer | List of paddle.v2.config_base.Layer</em>) &#8211; The input predict locations.</li>
<li><strong>input_conf</strong> (<em>paddle.v2.config_base.Layer | List of paddle.v2.config_base.Layer</em>) &#8211; The input priorbox confidence.</li>
<li><strong>priorbox</strong> (<em>paddle.v2.config_base.Layer</em>) &#8211; The input priorbox location and the variance.</li>
<li><strong>label</strong> (<em>paddle.v2.config_base.Layer</em>) &#8211; The input label.</li>
<li><strong>num_classes</strong> (<em>int</em>) &#8211; The number of the classification.</li>
<li><strong>overlap_threshold</strong> (<em>float</em>) &#8211; The threshold of the overlap.</li>
<li><strong>neg_pos_ratio</strong> (<em>float</em>) &#8211; The ratio of the negative bbox to the positive bbox.</li>
<li><strong>neg_overlap</strong> (<em>float</em>) &#8211; The negative bbox overlap threshold.</li>
<li><strong>background_id</strong> (<em>int</em>) &#8211; The background class index.</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">paddle.v2.config_base.Layer</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</dd></dl>

</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="check-layer">
<h2>Check Layer<a class="headerlink" href="#check-layer" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<div class="section" id="eos">
<h3>eos<a class="headerlink" href="#eos" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
<dl class="class">
<dt>
<em class="property">class </em><code class="descclassname">paddle.v2.layer.</code><code class="descname">eos</code></dt>
<dd><p>A layer for checking EOS for each sample:
- output_id = (input_id == conf.eos_id)</p>
<p>The result is stored in output_.ids.
It is used by recurrent layer group.</p>
<p>The example usage is:</p>
<div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">eos</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">eos</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">input</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">layer</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">eos_id</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="nb">id</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
<li><strong>name</strong> (<em>basestring</em>) &#8211; The name of this layer. It is optional.</li>
<li><strong>input</strong> (<em>paddle.v2.config_base.Layer</em>) &#8211; The input of this layer.</li>
<li><strong>eos_id</strong> (<em>int</em>) &#8211; End id of sequence</li>
<li><strong>layer_attr</strong> (<em>paddle.v2.attr.ExtraAttribute</em>) &#8211; The extra layer attribute. See paddle.v2.attr.ExtraAttribute for
details.</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">paddle.v2.config_base.Layer object.</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">paddle.v2.config_base.Layer</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</dd></dl>

</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="miscs">
<h2>Miscs<a class="headerlink" href="#miscs" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<div class="section" id="dropout">
<h3>dropout<a class="headerlink" href="#dropout" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
<dl class="class">
<dt>
<em class="property">class </em><code class="descclassname">paddle.v2.layer.</code><code class="descname">dropout</code></dt>
<dd><p>The example usage is:</p>
<div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">dropout</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">dropout</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">input</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="nb">input</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">dropout_rate</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mf">0.5</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
<li><strong>name</strong> (<em>basestring</em>) &#8211; The name of this layer. It is optional.</li>
<li><strong>input</strong> (<em>paddle.v2.config_base.Layer</em>) &#8211; The input of this layer.</li>
<li><strong>dropout_rate</strong> (<em>float</em>) &#8211; The probability of dropout.</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">paddle.v2.config_base.Layer object.</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">paddle.v2.config_base.Layer</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</dd></dl>

</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="activation-with-learnable-parameter">
<h2>Activation with learnable parameter<a class="headerlink" href="#activation-with-learnable-parameter" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<div class="section" id="prelu">
<h3>prelu<a class="headerlink" href="#prelu" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
<dl class="class">
<dt>
<em class="property">class </em><code class="descclassname">paddle.v2.layer.</code><code class="descname">prelu</code></dt>
<dd><p>The Parametric Relu activation that actives outputs with a learnable weight.</p>
<dl class="docutils">
<dt>Reference:</dt>
<dd><a class="reference external" href="http://arxiv.org/pdf/1502.01852v1.pdf">Delving Deep into Rectifiers: Surpassing Human-Level Performance on
ImageNet Classification</a></dd>
</dl>
<div class="math">
\[\begin{split}z_i &amp;\quad if \quad z_i &gt; 0 \\
a_i * z_i  &amp;\quad \mathrm{otherwise}\end{split}\]</div>
<p>The example usage is:</p>
<div class="highlight-python"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">prelu</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">prelu</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">input</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">layers</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">partial_sum</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
<li><strong>name</strong> (<em>basestring</em>) &#8211; The name of this layer. It is optional.</li>
<li><strong>input</strong> (<em>paddle.v2.config_base.Layer</em>) &#8211; The input of this layer.</li>
<li><strong>partial_sum</strong> (<em>int</em>) &#8211; <p>this parameter makes a group of inputs share the same weight.</p>
<ul>
<li>partial_sum = 1, indicates the element-wise activation: each element has a weight.</li>
<li>partial_sum = number of elements in one channel, indicates the channel-wise activation, elements in a channel share the same weight.</li>
<li>partial_sum = number of outputs, indicates all elements share the same weight.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>channel_shared</strong> (<em>bool</em>) &#8211; <p>whether or not the parameter are shared across channels.</p>
<ul>
<li>channel_shared = True, we set the partial_sum to the number of outputs.</li>
<li>channel_shared = False, we set the partial_sum to the number of elements in one channel.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>num_channels</strong> (<em>int</em>) &#8211; number of input channel.</li>
<li><strong>param_attr</strong> (<em>paddle.v2.attr.ParameterAttribute</em>) &#8211; The parameter attribute. See paddle.v2.attr.ParameterAttribute for details.</li>
<li><strong>layer_attr</strong> (<em>paddle.v2.attr.ExtraAttribute | None</em>) &#8211; The extra layer attribute. See paddle.v2.attr.ExtraAttribute for
details.</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">paddle.v2.config_base.Layer object.</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">paddle.v2.config_base.Layer</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</dd></dl>

</div>
<div class="section" id="gated-unit">
<h3>gated_unit<a class="headerlink" href="#gated-unit" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
<dl class="class">
<dt>
<em class="property">class </em><code class="descclassname">paddle.v2.layer.</code><code class="descname">gated_unit</code></dt>
<dd><p>The gated unit layer implements a simple gating mechanism over the input.
The input <span class="math">\(X\)</span> is first projected into a new space <span class="math">\(X'\)</span>, and
it is also used to produce a gate weight <span class="math">\(\sigma\)</span>. Element-wise
product between <a href="#id5"><span class="problematic" id="id6">:match:`X&#8217;`</span></a> and <span class="math">\(\sigma\)</span> is finally returned.</p>
<dl class="docutils">
<dt>Reference:</dt>
<dd><a class="reference external" href="https://arxiv.org/abs/1612.08083">Language Modeling with Gated Convolutional Networks</a></dd>
</dl>
<div class="math">
\[y=\text{act}(X \cdot W + b)\otimes \sigma(X \cdot V + c)\]</div>
<p>The example usage is:</p>
<table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
<li><strong>input</strong> (<em>paddle.v2.config_base.Layer</em>) &#8211; The input of this layer.</li>
<li><strong>size</strong> (<em>int</em>) &#8211; The dimension of this layer&#8217;s output.</li>
<li><strong>act</strong> (<em>paddle.v2.activation.Base</em>) &#8211; Activation type of the projection. paddle.v2.activation.Linear is the default
activation.</li>
<li><strong>name</strong> (<em>basestring</em>) &#8211; The name of this layer. It is optional.</li>
<li><strong>gate_attr</strong> (<em>paddle.v2.attr.ExtraAttribute | None</em>) &#8211; The extra layer attribute of the gate. See paddle.v2.attr.ExtraAttribute for
details.</li>
<li><strong>gate_param_attr</strong> (<em>paddle.v2.attr.ParameterAttribute</em>) &#8211; The parameter attribute of the gate. See paddle.v2.attr.ParameterAttribute
for details.</li>
<li><strong>gate_bias_attr</strong> (<em>paddle.v2.attr.ParameterAttribute | bool | None | Any</em>) &#8211; The bias attribute of the gate. If this parameter is set to False or
an object whose type is not paddle.v2.attr.ParameterAttribute, no bias is defined.
If this parameter is set to True, the bias is initialized to zero.</li>
<li><strong>inproj_attr</strong> (<em>paddle.v2.attr.ExtraAttribute | None</em>) &#8211; Extra layer attributes of the projection. See paddle.v2.attr.ExtraAttribute for
details.</li>
<li><strong>inproj_param_attr</strong> (<em>paddle.v2.attr.ParameterAttribute</em>) &#8211; The parameter attribute of the projection. See paddle.v2.attr.ParameterAttribute
for details.</li>
<li><strong>inproj_bias_attr</strong> (<em>paddle.v2.attr.ParameterAttribute | bool | None | Any</em>) &#8211; The bias attribute of the projection. If this parameter is set to False
or an object whose type is not paddle.v2.attr.ParameterAttribute, no bias is defined.
If this parameter is set to True, the bias is initialized to zero.</li>
<li><strong>layer_attr</strong> (<em>paddle.v2.attr.ExtraAttribute | None</em>) &#8211; Extra layer attribute of the product. See paddle.v2.attr.ExtraAttribute for
details.</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">paddle.v2.config_base.Layer object.</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">paddle.v2.config_base.Layer</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</dd></dl>

</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="detection-output-layer">
<h2>Detection output Layer<a class="headerlink" href="#detection-output-layer" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<div class="section" id="detection-output">
<h3>detection_output<a class="headerlink" href="#detection-output" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
<dl class="class">
<dt>
<em class="property">class </em><code class="descclassname">paddle.v2.layer.</code><code class="descname">detection_output</code></dt>
<dd><p>Apply the NMS to the output of network and compute the predict bounding
box location. The output&#8217;s shape of this layer could be zero if there is
no valid bounding box.</p>
<table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field-odd field"><th class="field-name">Parameters:</th><td class="field-body"><ul class="first simple">
<li><strong>name</strong> (<em>basestring</em>) &#8211; The name of this layer. It is optional.</li>
<li><strong>input_loc</strong> (<em>paddle.v2.config_base.Layer | List of paddle.v2.config_base.Layer.</em>) &#8211; The input predict locations.</li>
<li><strong>input_conf</strong> (<em>paddle.v2.config_base.Layer | List of paddle.v2.config_base.Layer.</em>) &#8211; The input priorbox confidence.</li>
<li><strong>priorbox</strong> (<em>paddle.v2.config_base.Layer</em>) &#8211; The input priorbox location and the variance.</li>
<li><strong>num_classes</strong> (<em>int</em>) &#8211; The number of the classification.</li>
<li><strong>nms_threshold</strong> (<em>float</em>) &#8211; The Non-maximum suppression threshold.</li>
<li><strong>nms_top_k</strong> (<em>int</em>) &#8211; The bbox number kept of the NMS&#8217;s output</li>
<li><strong>keep_top_k</strong> (<em>int</em>) &#8211; The bbox number kept of the layer&#8217;s output</li>
<li><strong>confidence_threshold</strong> (<em>float</em>) &#8211; The classification confidence threshold</li>
<li><strong>background_id</strong> (<em>int</em>) &#8211; The background class index.</li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="field-even field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first last">paddle.v2.config_base.Layer</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</dd></dl>

</div>
</div>
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