virsh.pod

=head1 NAME

virsh - management user interface

=head1 SYNOPSIS

B<virsh> [I<OPTION>]... [I<COMMAND_STRING>]

B<virsh> [I<OPTION>]... I<COMMAND> [I<ARG>]...

=head1 DESCRIPTION

The B<virsh> program is the main interface for managing virsh guest
domains. The program can be used to create, pause, and shutdown
domains. It can also be used to list current domains. Libvirt is a C
toolkit to interact with the virtualization capabilities of recent
versions of Linux (and other OSes). It is free software available
under the GNU Lesser General Public License. Virtualization of the
Linux Operating System means the ability to run multiple instances of
Operating Systems concurrently on a single hardware system where the
basic resources are driven by a Linux instance. The library aims at
providing a long term stable C API.  It currently supports Xen, QEmu,
KVM, LXC, OpenVZ, VirtualBox and VMware ESX.

The basic structure of most virsh usage is:

  virsh [OPTION]... <command> <domain-id> [ARG]...

Where I<command> is one of the commands listed below, I<domain-id>
is the numeric domain id, or the domain name (which will be internally
translated to domain id), and I<ARGS> are command specific
options.  There are a few exceptions to this rule in the cases where
the command in question acts on all domains, the entire machine,
or directly on the xen hypervisor.  Those exceptions will be clear for
each of those commands.

The B<virsh> program can be used either to run one I<COMMAND> by giving the
command and its arguments on the shell command line, or a I<COMMAND_STRING>
which is a single shell argument consisting of multiple I<COMMAND> actions
and their arguments joined with whitespace, and separated by semicolons
between commands.  Within I<COMMAND_STRING>, virsh understands the
same single, double, and backslash escapes as the shell, although you must
add another layer of shell escaping in creating the single shell argument.
If no command is given in the command line, B<virsh> will then start a minimal
interpreter waiting for your commands, and the B<quit> command will then exit
the program.

The B<virsh> program understands the following I<OPTIONS>.

=over 4

=item B<-h>, B<--help>

Ignore all other arguments, and behave as if the B<help> command were
given instead.

=item B<-v>, B<--version[=short]>

Ignore all other arguments, and prints the version of the libvirt library
virsh is coming from

=item B<-V>, B<--version=long>

Ignore all other arguments, and prints the version of the libvirt library
virsh is coming from and which options and driver are compiled in.

=item B<-c>, B<--connect> I<URI>

Connect to the specified I<URI>, as if by the B<connect> command,
instead of the default connection.

=item B<-d>, B<--debug> I<LEVEL>

Enable debug messages at integer I<LEVEL> and above.  I<LEVEL> can
range from 0 (default) to 4.

=item B<-l>, B<--log> I<FILE>

Output logging details to I<FILE>.

=item B<-q>, B<--quiet>

Avoid extra informational messages.

=item B<-r>, B<--readonly>

Make the initial connection read-only, as if by the I<--readonly>
option of the B<connect> command.

=item B<-t>, B<--timing>

Output elapsed time information for each command.

=back

=head1 NOTES

Most B<virsh> operations rely upon the libvirt library being able to
connect to an already running libvirtd service.  This can usually be
done using the command B<service libvirtd start>.

Most B<virsh> commands require root privileges to run due to the
communications channels used to talk to the hypervisor.  Running as
non root will return an error.

Most B<virsh> commands act synchronously, except maybe shutdown,
setvcpus and setmem. In those cases the fact that the B<virsh>
program returned, may not mean the action is complete and you
must poll periodically to detect that the guest completed the
operation.

=head1 GENERIC COMMANDS

The following commands are generic i.e. not specific to a domain.

=over 4

=item B<help> [I<command-or-group>]

This lists each of the virsh commands.  When used without options, all
commands are listed, one per line, grouped into related categories,
displaying the keyword for each group.

To display only commands for a specific group, give the keyword for that
group as an option.  For example:

 virsh # help host

  Host and Hypervisor (help keyword 'host'):
     capabilities                   capabilities
     connect                        (re)connect to hypervisor
     freecell                       NUMA free memory
     hostname                       print the hypervisor hostname
     qemu-attach                    Attach to existing QEMU process
     qemu-monitor-command           QEMU Monitor Command
     sysinfo                        print the hypervisor sysinfo
     uri                            print the hypervisor canonical URI

To display detailed information for a specific command, give its name as the
option instead.  For example:

 virsh # help list
   NAME
     list - list domains

   SYNOPSIS
     list [--inactive] [--all]

   DESCRIPTION
     Returns list of domains.

   OPTIONS
     --inactive       list inactive domains
     --all            list inactive & active domains

=item B<quit>, B<exit>

quit this interactive terminal

=item B<version>

Will print out the major version info about what this built from.

=over 4

B<Example>

B<virsh> version

Compiled against library: libvir 0.0.6

Using library: libvir 0.0.6

Using API: Xen 3.0.0

Running hypervisor: Xen 3.0.0

=back

=item B<cd> [I<directory>]

Will change current directory to I<directory>.  The default directory
for the B<cd> command is the home directory or, if there is no I<HOME>
variable in the environment, the root directory.

This command is only available in interactive mode.

=item B<pwd>

Will print the current directory.

=item B<connect> I<URI> [I<--readonly>]

(Re)-Connect to the hypervisor. When the shell is first started, this
is automatically run with the I<URI> parameter requested by the C<-c>
option on the command line. The I<URI> parameter specifies how to
connect to the hypervisor. The documentation page at
L<http://libvirt.org/uri.html> list the values supported, but the most
common are:

=over 4

=item xen:///

this is used to connect to the local Xen hypervisor, this is the default

=item qemu:///system

connect locally as root to the daemon supervising QEmu and KVM domains

=item qemu:///session

connect locally as a normal user to his own set of QEmu and KVM domains

=item lxc:///

connect to a local linux container

=back

For remote access see the documentation page on how to make URIs.
The I<--readonly> option allows for read-only connection

=item B<uri>

Prints the hypervisor canonical URI, can be useful in shell mode.

=item B<hostname>

Print the hypervisor hostname.

=item B<sysinfo>

Print the XML representation of the hypervisor sysinfo, if available.

=item B<nodeinfo>

Returns basic information about the node, like number and type of CPU,
and size of the physical memory. The output corresponds to virNodeInfo
structure. Specifically, the "CPU socket(s)" field means number of CPU
sockets per NUMA cell.

=item B<nodecpustats> [I<cpu>] [I<--percent>]

Returns cpu stats of the node.
If I<cpu> is specified, this will prints specified cpu statistics only.
If I<--percent> is specified, this will prints percentage of each kind of cpu
statistics during 1 second.

=item B<nodememstats> [I<cell>]

Returns memory stats of the node.
If I<cell> is specified, this will prints specified cell statistics only.

=item B<capabilities>

Print an XML document describing the capabilities of the hypervisor
we are currently connected to. This includes a section on the host
capabilities in terms of CPU and features, and a set of description
for each kind of guest which can be virtualized. For a more complete
description see:
  L<http://libvirt.org/formatcaps.html>
The XML also show the NUMA topology information if available.

=item B<inject-nmi> I<domain-id>

Inject NMI to the guest.

=item B<list> [I<--inactive> | I<--all>]

Prints information about existing domains.  If no options are
specified it prints out information about running domains.

An example format for the list is as follows:

B<virsh> list
 Id Name                 State

----------------------------------

  0 Domain-0             running
  2 fedora               paused


Name is the name of the domain.  ID the domain numeric id.
State is the run state (see below).

B<STATES>

The State field lists 7 states for a domain, and which ones the
current domain is in.

=over 4

=item B<running>

The domain is currently running on a CPU

=item B<idle>

The domain is idle, and not running or runnable.  This can be caused
because the domain is waiting on IO (a traditional wait state) or has
gone to sleep because there was nothing else for it to do.

=item B<paused>

The domain has been paused, usually occurring through the administrator
running B<virsh suspend>.  When in a paused state the domain will still
consume allocated resources like memory, but will not be eligible for
scheduling by the hypervisor.

=item B<send-key> I<domain-id> optional I<--codeset> B<codeset> optional I<--holdtime> B<holdtime> B<keycode>...

Send keys to the guest

=item B<shutdown>

The domain is in the process of shutting down, i.e. the guest operating system
has been notified and should be in the process of stopping its operations
gracefully.

=item B<shut off>

The domain is not running.  Usually this indicates the domain has been
shut down completely, or has not been started.

=item B<crashed>

The domain has crashed, which is always a violent ending.  Usually
this state can only occur if the domain has been configured not to
restart on crash.

=item B<dying>

The domain is in process of dying, but hasn't completely shutdown or
crashed.

=back

=item B<freecell> [B<cellno> | I<--all>]

Prints the available amount of memory on the machine or within a
NUMA cell if I<cellno> is provided.  If I<--all> is provided instead
of I<--cellno>, then show the information on all NUMA cells.

=item B<cpu-baseline> I<FILE>

Compute baseline CPU which will be supported by all host CPUs given in <file>.
The list of host CPUs is built by extracting all <cpu> elements from the
<file>. Thus, the <file> can contain either a set of <cpu> elements separated
by new lines or even a set of complete <capabilities> elements printed by
B<capabilities> command.

=item B<cpu-compare> I<FILE>

Compare CPU definition from XML <file> with host CPU. The XML <file> may
contain either host or guest CPU definition. The host CPU definition is the
<cpu> element and its contents as printed by B<capabilities> command. The
guest CPU definition is the <cpu> element and its contents from domain XML
definition. For more information on guest CPU definition see:
L<http://libvirt.org/formatdomain.html#elementsCPU>

=back

=head1 DOMAIN COMMANDS

The following commands manipulate domains directly, as stated
previously most commands take domain-id as the first parameter. The
I<domain-id> can be specified as a short integer, a name or a full UUID.

=over 4

=item B<autostart> [I<--disable>] I<domain-id>

Configure a domain to be automatically started at boot.

The option I<--disable> disables autostarting.

=item B<console> I<domain-id> [I<devname>]

Connect the virtual serial console for the guest. The optional
I<devname> parameter refers to the device alias of an alternate
console, serial or parallel device configured for the guest.
If omitted, the primary console will be opened.

=item B<create> I<FILE> [I<--console>] [I<--paused>] [I<--autodestroy>]

Create a domain from an XML <file>. An easy way to create the XML
<file> is to use the B<dumpxml> command to obtain the definition of a
pre-existing guest.  The domain will be paused if the I<--paused> option
is used and supported by the driver; otherwise it will be running.
If I<--console> is requested, attach to the console after creation.
If I<--autodestroy> is requested, then the guest will be automatically
destroyed when virsh closes its connection to libvirt, or otherwise
exits.

B<Example>

 virsh dumpxml <domain-id> > domain.xml
 vi domain.xml (or make changes with your other text editor)
 virsh create < domain.xml

=item B<define> I<FILE>

Define a domain from an XML <file>. The domain definition is registered
but not started.

=item B<destroy> I<domain-id>

Immediately terminate the domain domain-id.  This doesn't give the domain
OS any chance to react, and it's the equivalent of ripping the power
cord out on a physical machine.  In most cases you will want to use
the B<shutdown> command instead.  However, this does not delete any
storage volumes used by the guest, and if the domain is persistent, it
can be restarted later.

=item B<domblkstat> I<domain> I<block-device>

Get device block stats for a running domain.

=item B<domifstat> I<domain> I<interface-device>

Get network interface stats for a running domain.

=item B<dommemstat> I<domain>

Get memory stats for a running domain.

=item B<domblkinfo> I<domain> I<block-device>

Get block device size info for a domain.

=item B<blockpull> I<domain> I<path> [I<bandwidth>]

Populate a disk from its backing image. Once all data from its backing
image has been pulled, the disk no longer depends on the backing image.
It pulls data for the entire disk in the background, the process of the
operation can be checked with B<blockjob>.

I<path> specifies fully-qualified path of the disk.
I<bandwidth> specifies copying bandwidth limit in Mbps.

=item B<blockjob> I<domain> I<path> [I<--abort>] [I<--info>] [I<bandwidth>]

Manage active block operations.

I<path> specifies fully-qualified path of the disk.
If I<--live> is specified, the active job on the specified disk will
be aborted.
If I<--info> is specified, the active job information on the specified
disk will be printed.
I<bandwidth> can be used to set bandwidth limit for the active job.

=item B<dominfo> I<domain-id>

Returns basic information about the domain.

=item B<domuuid> I<domain-name-or-id>

Convert a domain name or id to domain UUID

=item B<domid> I<domain-name-or-uuid>

Convert a domain name (or UUID) to a domain id

=item B<domjobabort> I<domain-id-or-uuid>

Abort the currently running domain job.

=item B<domjobinfo> I<domain-id-or-uuid>

Returns information about jobs running on a domain.

=item B<domname> I<domain-id-or-uuid>

Convert a domain Id (or UUID) to domain name

=item B<domstate> I<domain-id> [I<--reason>]

Returns state about a domain.  I<--reason> tells virsh to also print
reason for the state.

=item B<domcontrol> I<domain-id>

Returns state of an interface to VMM used to control a domain.  For
states other than "ok" or "error" the command also prints number of
seconds elapsed since the control interface entered its current state.

=item B<domxml-from-native> I<format> I<config>

Convert the file I<config> in the native guest configuration format
named by I<format> to a domain XML format.

=item B<domxml-to-native> I<format> I<xml>

Convert the file I<xml> in domain XML format to the native guest
configuration format named by I<format>.

=item B<dump> I<domain-id> I<corefilepath> [I<--live>] [I<--crash>]
[I<--bypass-cache>]

Dumps the core of a domain to a file for analysis.
If I<--live> is specified, the domain continues to run until the core
dump is complete, rather than pausing up front.
If I<--crash> is specified, the domain is halted with a crashed status,
rather than merely left in a paused state.
If I<--bypass-cache> is specified, the save will avoid the file system
cache, although this may slow down the operation.

=item B<dumpxml> I<domain-id> [I<--inactive>] [I<--security-info>]
[I<--update-cpu>]

Output the domain information as an XML dump to stdout, this format can be used
by the B<create> command. Additional options affecting the XML dump may be
used. I<--inactive> tells virsh to dump domain configuration that will be used
on next start of the domain as opposed to the current domain configuration.
Using I<--security-info> security sensitive information will also be included
in the XML dump. I<--update-cpu> updates domain CPU requirements according to
host CPU.

=item B<echo> [I<--shell>] [I<--xml>] [I<arg>...]

Echo back each I<arg>, separated by space.  If I<--shell> is
specified, then the output will be single-quoted where needed, so that
it is suitable for reuse in a shell context.  If I<--xml> is
specified, then the output will be escaped for use in XML.

=item B<edit> I<domain-id>

Edit the XML configuration file for a domain.

This is equivalent to:

 virsh dumpxml domain > domain.xml
 vi domain.xml (or make changes with your other text editor)
 virsh define domain.xml

except that it does some error checking.

The editor used can be supplied by the C<$VISUAL> or C<$EDITOR> environment
variables, and defaults to C<vi>.

=item B<managedsave> I<domain-id> [I<--bypass-cache>]

Save and destroy (stop) a running domain, so it can be restarted from the same
state at a later time.  When the virsh B<start> command is next run for
the domain, it will automatically be started from this saved state.
If I<--bypass-cache> is specified, the save will avoid the file system
cache, although this may slow down the operation.

The B<dominfo> command can be used to query whether a domain currently
has any managed save image.

=item B<managedsave-remove> I<domain-id>

Remove the B<managedsave> state file for a domain, if it exists.  This
ensures the domain will do a full boot the next time it is started.

=item B<maxvcpus> [I<type>]

Provide the maximum number of virtual CPUs supported for a guest VM on
this connection.  If provided, the I<type> parameter must be a valid
type attribute for the <domain> element of XML.

=item B<migrate> [I<--live>] [I<--direct>] [I<--p2p> [I<--tunnelled>]]
[I<--persistent>] [I<--undefinesource>] [I<--suspend>] [I<--copy-storage-all>]
[I<--copy-storage-inc>] [I<--verbose>] I<domain-id> I<desturi> [I<migrateuri>]
[I<dname>] [I<--timeout> B<seconds>] [I<--xml> B<file>]

Migrate domain to another host.  Add I<--live> for live migration; I<--p2p>
for peer-2-peer migration; I<--direct> for direct migration; or I<--tunnelled>
for tunnelled migration.  I<--persistent> leaves the domain persistent on
destination host, I<--undefinesource> undefines the domain on the source host,
and I<--suspend> leaves the domain paused on the destination host.
I<--copy-storage-all> indicates migration with non-shared storage with full
disk copy, I<--copy-storage-inc> indicates migration with non-shared storage
with incremental copy (same base image shared between source and destination).
I<--verbose> displays the progress of migration.

The I<desturi> is the connection URI of the destination host, and
I<migrateuri> is the migration URI, which usually can be omitted.
I<dname> is used for renaming the domain to new name during migration, which
also usually can be omitted.  Likewise, I<--xml> B<file> is usually
omitted, but can be used to supply an alternative XML file for use on
the destination to supply a larger set of changes to any host-specific
portions of the domain XML, such as accounting for naming differences
between source and destination in accessing underlying storage.

I<--timeout> B<seconds> forces guest to suspend when live migration exceeds
that many seconds, and
then the migration will complete offline. It can only be used with I<--live>.

B<Note>: The I<desturi> parameter for normal migration and peer2peer migration
has different semantics:

=over 4

=item * normal migration: the I<desturi> is an address of the target host as
seen from the client machine.

=item * peer2peer migration: the I<desturi> is an address of the target host as
seen from the source machine.

=back

=item B<migrate-setmaxdowntime> I<domain-id> I<downtime>

Set maximum tolerable downtime for a domain which is being live-migrated to
another host.  The I<downtime> is a number of milliseconds the guest is allowed
to be down at the end of live migration.

=item B<migrate-setspeed> I<domain-id> I<bandwidth>

Set the maximum migration bandwidth (in Mbps) for a domain which is being
migrated to another host.

=item B<reboot> I<domain-id>

Reboot a domain.  This acts just as if the domain had the B<reboot>
command run from the console.  The command returns as soon as it has
executed the reboot action, which may be significantly before the
domain actually reboots.

The exact behavior of a domain when it reboots is set by the
I<on_reboot> parameter in the domain's XML definition.

=item B<restore> I<state-file> [I<--bypass-cache>] [I<--xml> B<file>]

Restores a domain from a B<virsh save> state file. See I<save> for more info.

If I<--bypass-cache> is specified, the restore will avoid the file system
cache, although this may slow down the operation.

I<--xml> B<file> is usually omitted, but can be used to supply an
alternative XML file for use on the restored guest with changes only
in the host-specific portions of the domain XML.  For example, it can
be used to account for file naming differences in underlying storage
due to disk snapshots taken after the guest was saved.

B<Note>: To avoid corrupting file system contents within the domain, you
should not reuse the saved state file for a second B<restore> unless you
have also reverted all storage volumes back to the same contents as when
the state file was created.

=item B<save> I<domain-id> I<state-file> [I<--bypass-cache>] [I<--xml> B<file>]

Saves a running domain (RAM, but not disk state) to a state file so that
it can be restored
later.  Once saved, the domain will no longer be running on the
system, thus the memory allocated for the domain will be free for
other domains to use.  B<virsh restore> restores from this state file.
If I<--bypass-cache> is specified, the save will avoid the file system
cache, although this may slow down the operation.

This is roughly equivalent to doing a hibernate on a running computer,
with all the same limitations.  Open network connections may be
severed upon restore, as TCP timeouts may have expired.

I<--xml> B<file> is usually omitted, but can be used to supply an
alternative XML file for use on the restored guest with changes only
in the host-specific portions of the domain XML.  For example, it can
be used to account for file naming differences that are planned to
be made via disk snapshots of underlying storage after the guest is saved.

Domain saved state files assume that disk images will be unchanged
between the creation and restore point.  For a more complete system
restore point, where the disk state is saved alongside the memory
state, see the B<snapshot> family of commands.

=item B<save-image-define> I<file> I<xml>

Update the domain XML that will be used when I<file> is later
used in the B<restore> command.  The I<xml> argument must be a file
name containing the alternative XML, with changes only in the
host-specific portions of the domain XML.  For example, it can
be used to account for file naming differences resulting from creating
disk snapshots of underlying storage after the guest was saved.

=item B<save-image-dumpxml> I<file> [I<--security-info>]

Extract the domain XML that was in effect at the time the saved state
file I<file> was created with the B<save> command.  Using
I<--security-info> will also include security sensitive information.

=item B<save-image-edit> I<file>

Edit the XML configuration associated with a saved state file I<file>
created by the B<save> command.

This is equivalent to:

 virsh save-image-dumpxml state-file > state-file.xml
 vi state-file.xml (or make changes with your other text editor)
 virsh save-image-define state-file state-file-xml

except that it does some error checking.

The editor used can be supplied by the C<$VISUAL> or C<$EDITOR> environment
variables, and defaults to C<vi>.

=item B<schedinfo> [I<--set> B<parameter=value>] I<domain-id> [[I<--config>]
[I<--live>] | [I<--current>]]

=item B<schedinfo> [I<--weight> B<number>] [I<--cap> B<number>]
I<domain-id>

Allows you to show (and set) the domain scheduler parameters. The parameters
available for each hypervisor are:

LXC, QEMU/KVM (posix scheduler): cpu_shares

Xen (credit scheduler): weight, cap

ESX (allocation scheduler): reservation, limit, shares

If I<--live> is specified, set scheduler information of a running guest.
If I<--config> is specified, affect the next boot of a persistent guest.
If I<--current> is specified, affect the current guest state.

B<Note>: The cpu_shares parameter has a valid value range of 0-262144; Negative
values are wrapped to positive, and larger values are capped at the maximum.
Therefore, -1 is a useful shorthand for 262144.

B<Note>: The weight and cap parameters are defined only for the
XEN_CREDIT scheduler and are now I<DEPRECATED>.

=item B<screenshot> I<domain-id> [I<imagefilepath>] [I<--screen> B<screenID>]

Takes a screenshot of a current domain console and stores it into a file.
Optionally, if hypervisor supports more displays for a domain, I<screenID>
allows to specify which screen will be captured. It is the sequential number
of screen. In case of multiple graphics cards, heads are enumerated before
devices, e.g. having two graphics cards, both with four heads, screen ID 5
addresses the second head on the second card.

=item B<setmem> I<domain-id> B<kilobytes> [[I<--config>] [I<--live>] |
[I<--current>]]

Change the memory allocation for a guest domain.
If I<--live> is specified, perform a memory balloon of a running guest.
If I<--config> is specified, affect the next boot of a persistent guest.
If I<--current> is specified, affect the current guest state.
Both I<--live> and I<--config> flags may be given, but I<--current> is
exclusive. If no flag is specified, behavior is different depending
on hypervisor.

Some hypervisors require a larger granularity than kilobytes, and requests
that are not an even multiple will be rounded up.  For example, vSphere/ESX
rounds the parameter up unless the kB argument is evenly divisible by 1024
(that is, the kB argument happens to represent megabytes).

For Xen, you can only adjust the memory of a running domain if the domain is
paravirtualized or running the PV balloon driver.

=item B<setmaxmem> I<domain-id> B<kilobytes> [[I<--config>] [I<--live>] |
[I<--current>]]

Change the maximum memory allocation limit for a guest domain.
If I<--live> is specified, affect a running guest.
If I<--config> is specified, affect the next boot of a persistent guest.
If I<--current> is specified, affect the current guest state.
Both I<--live> and I<--current> flags may be given, but I<--current> is
exclusive. If no flag is specified, behavior is different depending
on hypervisor.

This command works for at least the Xen, QEMU/KVM and vSphere/ESX hypervisors.

Some hypervisors require a larger granularity than kilobytes, rounding up
requests that are not an even multiple of the desired amount.  vSphere/ESX
is one of these, requiring the parameter to be evenly divisible by 4MB.  For
vSphere/ESX, 263168 (257MB) would be rounded up because it's not a multiple
of 4MB, while 266240 (260MB) is valid without rounding.


=item B<memtune> I<domain-id> [I<--hard-limit> B<kilobytes>]
[I<--soft-limit> B<kilobytes>] [I<--swap-hard-limit> B<kilobytes>]
[I<--min-guarantee> B<kilobytes>] [[I<--config>] [I<--live>] | [I<--current>]]

Allows you to display or set the domain memory parameters. Without
flags, the current settings are displayed; with a flag, the
appropriate limit is adjusted if supported by the hypervisor.  LXC and
QEMU/KVM support I<--hard-limit>, I<--soft-limit>, and I<--swap-hard-limit>.

If I<--live> is specified, affect a running guest.
If I<--config> is specified, affect the next boot of a persistent guest.
If I<--current> is specified, affect the current guest state.
Both I<--live> and I<--current> flags may be given, but I<--current> is
exclusive. If no flag is specified, behavior is different depending
on hypervisor.

For QEMU/KVM, the parameters are applied to the QEMU process as a whole.
Thus, when counting them, one needs to add up guest RAM, guest video RAM, and
some memory overhead of QEMU itself.  The last piece is hard to determine so
one needs guess and try.

=over 4

=item I<--hard-limit>

The maximum memory the guest can use.  The units for this value are kilobytes
(i.e. blocks of 1024 bytes).

=item I<--soft-limit>

The memory limit to enforce during memory contention.  The units for this
value are kilobytes (i.e. blocks of 1024 bytes).

=item I<--swap-hard-limit>

The maximum memory plus swap the guest can use.  The units for this value are
kilobytes (i.e. blocks of 1024 bytes).  This has to be more than hard-limit
value provided.

=item I<--min-guarantee>

The guaranteed minimum memory allocation for the guest.  The units for this
value are kilobytes (i.e. blocks of 1024 bytes).

=back

=item B<blkiotune> I<domain-id> [I<--weight> B<weight>] [[I<--config>]
[I<--live>] | [I<--current>]]

Display or set the blkio parameters. QEMU/KVM supports I<--weight>.
I<--weight> is in range [100, 1000].

If I<--live> is specified, affect a running guest.
If I<--config> is specified, affect the next boot of a persistent guest.
If I<--current> is specified, affect the current guest state.
Both I<--live> and I<--current> flags may be given, but I<--current> is
exclusive. If no flag is specified, behavior is different depending
on hypervisor.

=item B<setvcpus> I<domain-id> I<count> [I<--maximum>] [[I<--config>]
[I<--live>] | [I<--current>]]

Change the number of virtual CPUs active in a guest domain.  By default,
this command works on active guest domains.  To change the settings for an
inactive guest domain, use the I<--config> flag.

The I<count> value may be limited by host, hypervisor, or a limit coming
from the original description of the guest domain. For Xen, you can only
adjust the virtual CPUs of a running domain if the domain is paravirtualized.

If the I<--config> flag is specified, the change is made to the stored XML
configuration for the guest domain, and will only take effect when the guest
domain is next started.

If I<--live> is specified, the guest domain must be active, and the change
takes place immediately.  Both the I<--config> and I<--live> flags may be
specified together if supported by the hypervisor.

If I<--current> is specified, affect the current guest state.

When no flags are given, the I<--live>
flag is assumed and the guest domain must be active.  In this situation it
is up to the hypervisor whether the I<--config> flag is also assumed, and
therefore whether the XML configuration is adjusted to make the change
persistent.

The I<--maximum> flag controls the maximum number of virtual cpus that can
be hot-plugged the next time the domain is booted.  As such, it must only be
used with the I<--config> flag, and not with the I<--live> flag.

=item B<shutdown> I<domain-id>

Gracefully shuts down a domain.  This coordinates with the domain OS
to perform graceful shutdown, so there is no guarantee that it will
succeed, and may take a variable length of time depending on what
services must be shutdown in the domain.

The exact behavior of a domain when it shuts down is set by the
I<on_shutdown> parameter in the domain's XML definition.

=item B<start> I<domain-name> [I<--console>] [I<--paused>] [I<--autodestroy>]
[I<--bypass-cache>]

Start a (previously defined) inactive domain, either from the last
B<managedsave> state, or via a fresh boot if no managedsave state is
present.  The domain will be paused if the I<--paused> option is
used and supported by the driver; otherwise it will be running.
If I<--console> is requested, attach to the console after creation.
If I<--autodestroy> is requested, then the guest will be automatically
destroyed when virsh closes its connection to libvirt, or otherwise
exits.  If I<--bypass-cache> is specified, and managedsave state exists,
the restore will avoid the file system cache, although this may slow
down the operation.

=item B<suspend> I<domain-id>

Suspend a running domain. It is kept in memory but won't be scheduled
anymore.

=item B<resume> I<domain-id>

Moves a domain out of the suspended state.  This will allow a previously
suspended domain to now be eligible for scheduling by the underlying
hypervisor.

=item B<ttyconsole> I<domain-id>

Output the device used for the TTY console of the domain. If the information
is not available the processes will provide an exit code of 1.

=item B<undefine> I<domain-id> [I<--managed-save>]

Undefine a domain. If the domain is running, this converts it to a
transient domain, without stopping it. If the domain is inactive,
the domain configuration is removed.

The I<--managed-save> flag guarantees that any managed save image(see
the B<managedsave> command) is also cleaned up.  Without the flag, attempts
to undefine a domain with a managed save image will fail.

NOTE: For an inactive domain, the domain name or UUID must be used as the
I<domain-id>.

=item B<vcpucount> I<domain-id>  [{I<--maximum> | I<--active>}
{I<--config> | I<--live> | I<--current>}]

Print information about the virtual cpu counts of the given
I<domain-id>.  If no flags are specified, all possible counts are
listed in a table; otherwise, the output is limited to just the
numeric value requested.  For historical reasons, the table
lists the label "current" on the rows that can be queried in isolation
via the I<--active> flag, rather than relating to the I<--current> flag.

I<--maximum> requests information on the maximum cap of vcpus that a
domain can add via B<setvcpus>, while I<--active> shows the current
usage; these two flags cannot both be specified.  I<--config>
requires a persistent domain and requests information regarding the next
time the domain will be booted, I<--live> requires a running domain and
lists current values, and I<--current> queries according to the current
state of the domain (corresponding to I<--live> if running, or
I<--config> if inactive); these three flags are mutually exclusive.
Thus, this command always takes exactly zero or two flags.

=item B<vcpuinfo> I<domain-id>

Returns basic information about the domain virtual CPUs, like the number of
vCPUs, the running time, the affinity to physical processors.

=item B<vcpupin> I<domain-id> [I<vcpu>] [I<cpulist>] [[I<--live>]
[I<--config>] | [I<--current>]]

Query or change the pinning of domain VCPUs to host physical CPUs.  To
pin a single I<vcpu>, specify I<cpulist>; otherwise, you can query one
I<vcpu> or omit I<vcpu> to list all at once.

I<cpulist> is a list of physical CPU numbers. Its syntax is a comma
separated list and a special markup using '-' and '^' (ex. '0-4', '0-3,^2') can
also be allowed. The '-' denotes the range and the '^' denotes exclusive.
If you want to reset vcpupin setting, that is, to pin vcpu all physical cpus,
simply specify 'r' as a cpulist.
If I<--live> is specified, affect a running guest.
If I<--config> is specified, affect the next boot of a persistent guest.
If I<--current> is specified, affect the current guest state.
Both I<--live> and I<--config> flags may be given if I<cpulist> is present,
but I<--current> is exclusive.
If no flag is specified, behavior is different depending on hypervisor.

B<Note>: The expression is sequentially evaluated, so "0-15,^8" is
identical to "9-14,0-7,15" but not identical to "^8,0-15".

=item B<vncdisplay> I<domain-id>

Output the IP address and port number for the VNC display. If the information
is not available the processes will provide an exit code of 1.

=back

=head1 DEVICE COMMANDS

The following commands manipulate devices associated to domains.
The domain-id can be specified as a short integer, a name or a full UUID.
To better understand the values allowed as options for the command
reading the documentation at L<http://libvirt.org/formatdomain.html> on the
format of the device sections to get the most accurate set of accepted values.

=over 4

=item B<attach-device> I<domain-id> I<FILE>

Attach a device to the domain, using a device definition in an XML file.
See the documentation to learn about libvirt XML format for a device.
For cdrom and floppy devices, this command only replaces the media within
the single existing device; consider using B<update-device> for this usage.

=item B<attach-disk> I<domain-id> I<source> I<target>
[I<--driver driver>] [I<--subdriver subdriver>] [I<--cache cache>]
[I<--type type>] [I<--mode mode>] [I<--persistent>] [I<--sourcetype soucetype>]
[I<--serial serial>] [I<--shareable>] [I<--address address>]

Attach a new disk device to the domain.
I<source> and I<target> are paths for the files and devices.
I<driver> can be I<file>, I<tap> or I<phy> depending on the kind of access.
I<type> can indicate I<cdrom> or I<floppy> as alternative to the disk default,
although this use only replaces the media within the existing virtual cdrom or
floppy device; consider using B<update-device> for this usage instead.
I<mode> can specify the two specific mode I<readonly> or I<shareable>.
I<persistent> indicates the changes will affect the next boot of the domain.
I<sourcetype> can indicate the type of source (block|file)
I<cache> can be one of "default", "none", "writethrough" or "writeback".
I<serial> is the serial of disk device. I<shareable> indicates the disk device
is shareable between domains.
I<address> is the address of disk device in the form of pci:domain.bus.slot.function,
scsi:controller.bus.unit or ide:controller.bus.unit.

=item B<attach-interface> I<domain-id> I<type> I<source>
[I<--target target>] [I<--mac mac>] [I<--script script>] [I<--model model>]
[I<--persistent>]

Attach a new network interface to the domain.
I<type> can be either I<network> to indicate a physical network device or I<bridge> to indicate a bridge to a device.
I<source> indicates the source device.
I<target> allows to indicate the target device in the guest.
I<mac> allows to specify the MAC address of the network interface.
I<script> allows to specify a path to a script handling a bridge instead of
the default one.
I<model> allows to specify the model type.
I<persistent> indicates the changes will affect the next boot of the domain.

=item B<detach-device> I<domain-id> I<FILE>

Detach a device from the domain, takes the same kind of XML descriptions
as command B<attach-device>.

=item B<detach-disk> I<domain-id> I<target>

Detach a disk device from a domain. The I<target> is the device as seen
from the domain.

=item B<detach-interface> I<domain-id> I<type> [I<--mac mac>]

Detach a network interface from a domain.
I<type> can be either I<network> to indicate a physical network device or I<bridge> to indicate a bridge to a device.
It is recommended to use the I<mac> option to distinguish between the interfaces
if more than one are present on the domain.

=item B<update-device> I<domain-id> I<file> [I<--persistent>] [I<--force>]

Update the characteristics of a device associated with I<domain-id>, based on
the device definition in an XML I<file>.  If the I<--persistent> option is
used, the changes will affect the next boot of the domain. The I<--force>
option can be used to force device update, e.g., to eject a CD-ROM even if it
is locked/mounted in the domain. See the documentation to learn about libvirt
XML format for a device.

=back

=head1 VIRTUAL NETWORK COMMANDS

The following commands manipulate networks. Libvirt has the capability to
define virtual networks which can then be used by domains and linked to
actual network devices. For more detailed information about this feature
see the documentation at L<http://libvirt.org/formatnetwork.html> . Many
of the commands for virtual networks are similar to the ones used for domains,
but the way to name a virtual network is either by its name or UUID.

=over 4

=item B<net-autostart> I<network> [I<--disable>]

Configure a virtual network to be automatically started at boot.
The I<--disable> option disable autostarting.

=item B<net-create> I<file>

Create a virtual network from an XML I<file>, see the documentation to get
a description of the XML network format used by libvirt.

=item B<net-define> I<file>

Define a virtual network from an XML I<file>, the network is just defined but
not instantiated.

=item B<net-destroy> I<network>

Destroy (stop) a given virtual network specified by its name or UUID. This
takes effect immediately.

=item B<net-dumpxml> I<network>

Output the virtual network information as an XML dump to stdout.

=item B<net-edit> I<network>

Edit the XML configuration file for a network.

This is equivalent to:

 virsh net-dumpxml network > network.xml
 vi network.xml (or make changes with your other text editor)
 virsh net-define network.xml

except that it does some error checking.

The editor used can be supplied by the C<$VISUAL> or C<$EDITOR> environment
variables, and defaults to C<vi>.

=item B<net-info> I<network>

Returns basic information about the I<network> object.

=item B<net-list> [I<--inactive> | I<--all>]

Returns the list of active networks, if I<--all> is specified this will also
include defined but inactive networks, if I<--inactive> is specified only the
inactive ones will be listed.

=item B<net-name> I<network-UUID>

Convert a network UUID to network name.

=item B<net-start> I<network>

Start a (previously defined) inactive network.

=item B<net-undefine> I<network>

Undefine the configuration for an inactive network.

=item B<net-uuid> I<network-name>

Convert a network name to network UUID.

=back

=head1 INTERFACE COMMANDS

The following commands manipulate host interfaces.  Often, these host
interfaces can then be used by name within domain <interface> elements
(such as a system-created bridge interface), but there is no
requirement that host interfaces be tied to any particular guest
configuration XML at all.

Many of the commands for host interfaces are similar to the ones used
for domains, and the way to name an interface is either by its name or
its MAC address.  However, using a MAC address for an I<iface>
argument only works when that address is unique (if an interface and a
bridge share the same MAC address, which is often the case, then using
that MAC address results in an error due to ambiguity, and you must
resort to a name instead).

=over 4

=item B<iface-define> I<file>

Define a host interface from an XML I<file>, the interface is just defined but
not started.

=item B<iface-destroy> I<interface>

Destroy (stop) a given host interface, such as by running "if-down" to
disable that interface from active use. This takes effect immediately.

=item B<iface-dumpxml> I<interface> [I<--inactive>]

Output the host interface information as an XML dump to stdout.  If
I<--inactive> is specified, then the output reflects the persistent
state of the interface that will be used the next time it is started.

=item B<iface-edit> I<interface>

Edit the XML configuration file for a host interface.

This is equivalent to:

 virsh iface-dumpxml iface > iface.xml
 vi iface.xml (or make changes with your other text editor)
 virsh iface-define iface.xml

except that it does some error checking.

The editor used can be supplied by the C<$VISUAL> or C<$EDITOR> environment
variables, and defaults to C<vi>.

=item B<iface-list> [I<--inactive> | I<--all>]

Returns the list of active host interfaces.  If I<--all> is specified
this will also include defined but inactive interfaces.  If
I<--inactive> is specified only the inactive ones will be listed.

=item B<iface-name> I<interface>

Convert a host interface MAC to interface name, if the MAC address is unique
among the host's interfaces.

I<interface> specifies the interface MAC address.

=item B<iface-mac> I<interface>

Convert a host interface name to MAC address.

I<interface> specifies the interface name.

=item B<iface-start> I<interface>

Start a (previously defined) host interface, such as by running "if-up".

=item B<iface-undefine> I<interface>

Undefine the configuration for an inactive host interface.

=item B<iface-begin>

Create a snapshot of current host interface settings, which can later
be committed (I<iface-commit>) or restored (I<iface-rollback>).  If a
snapshot already exists, then this command will fail until the
previous snapshot has been committed or restored.  Undefined behavior
results if any external changes are made to host interfaces outside of
the libvirt API between the beginning of a snapshot and its eventual
commit or rollback.

=item B<iface-commit>

Declare all changes since the last I<iface-begin> as working, and
delete the rollback point.  If no interface snapshot has already been
started, then this command will fail.

=item B<iface-rollback>

Revert all host interface settings back to the state recorded in the
last I<iface-begin>.  If no interface snapshot has already been
started, then this command will fail.  Rebooting the host also serves
as an implicit rollback point.

=back

=head1 STORAGE POOL COMMANDS

The following commands manipulate storage pools. Libvirt has the
capability to manage various storage solutions, including files, raw
partitions, and domain-specific formats, used to provide the storage
volumes visible as devices within virtual machines. For more detailed
information about this feature, see the documentation at
L<http://libvirt.org/formatstorage.html> . Many of the commands for
pools are similar to the ones used for domains.

=over 4

=item B<find-storage-pool-sources> I<type> [I<srcSpec>]

Returns XML describing all storage pools of a given I<type> that could
be found.  If I<srcSpec> is provided, it is a file that contains XML
to further restrict the query for pools.

=item B<find-storage-pool-sources-as> I<type> [I<host>] [I<port>]
[I<initiator>]

Returns XML describing all storage pools of a given I<type> that could
be found.  If I<host>, I<port>, or I<initiator> are provided, they control
where the query is performed.

=item B<pool-autostart> I<pool-or-uuid> [I<--disable>]

Configure whether I<pool> should automatically start at boot.

=item B<pool-build> I<pool-or-uuid>

Build a given pool.

=item B<pool-create> I<file>

Create and start a pool object from the XML I<file>.

=item B<pool-create-as> I<name> I<--print-xml> I<type> [I<source-host>]
[I<source-path>] [I<source-dev>] [I<source-name>] [<target>]
[I<--source-format format>]

Create and start a pool object I<name> from the raw parameters.  If
I<--print-xml> is specified, then print the XML of the pool object
without creating the pool.  Otherwise, the pool has the specified
I<type>.

=item B<pool-define> I<file>

Create, but do not start, a pool object from the XML I<file>.

=item B<pool-define-as> I<name> I<--print-xml> I<type> [I<source-host>]
[I<source-path>] [I<source-dev>] [I<source-name>] [<target>]
[I<--source-format format>]

Create, but do not start, a pool object I<name> from the raw parameters.  If
I<--print-xml> is specified, then print the XML of the pool object
without defining the pool.  Otherwise, the pool has the specified
I<type>.

=item B<pool-destroy> I<pool-or-uuid>

Destroy (stop) a given I<pool> object. Libvirt will no longer manage the
storage described by the pool object, but the raw data contained in
the pool is not changed, and can be later recovered with
B<pool-create>.

=item B<pool-delete> I<pool-or-uuid>

Destroy the resources used by a given I<pool> object. This operation
is non-recoverable.  The I<pool> object will still exist after this
command, ready for the creation of new storage volumes.

=item B<pool-dumpxml> I<pool-or-uuid>

Returns the XML information about the I<pool> object.

=item B<pool-edit> I<pool-or-uuid>

Edit the XML configuration file for a storage pool.

This is equivalent to:

 virsh pool-dumpxml pool > pool.xml
 vi pool.xml (or make changes with your other text editor)
 virsh pool-define pool.xml

except that it does some error checking.

The editor used can be supplied by the C<$VISUAL> or C<$EDITOR> environment
variables, and defaults to C<vi>.

=item B<pool-info> I<pool-or-uuid>

Returns basic information about the I<pool> object.

=item B<pool-list> [I<--inactive> | I<--all>] [I<--details>]

List pool objects known to libvirt.  By default, only pools in use by
active domains are listed; I<--inactive> lists just the inactive
pools, and I<--all> lists all pools. The I<--details> option instructs
virsh to additionally display pool persistence and capacity related
information where available.

=item B<pool-name> I<uuid>

Convert the I<uuid> to a pool name.

=item B<pool-refresh> I<pool-or-uuid>

Refresh the list of volumes contained in I<pool>.

=item B<pool-start> I<pool-or-uuid>

Start the storage I<pool>, which is previously defined but inactive.

=item B<pool-undefine> I<pool-or-uuid>

Undefine the configuration for an inactive I<pool>.

=item B<pool-uuid> I<pool>

Returns the UUID of the named I<pool>.

=back

=head1 VOLUME COMMANDS

=over 4

=item B<vol-create> I<pool-or-uuid> I<FILE>

Create a volume from an XML <file>.
I<pool-or-uuid> is the name or UUID of the storage pool to create the volume in.
I<FILE> is the XML <file> with the volume definition. An easy way to create the
XML <file> is to use the B<vol-dumpxml> command to obtain the definition of a
pre-existing volume.

B<Example>

 virsh vol-dumpxml --pool storagepool1 appvolume1 > newvolume.xml
 vi newvolume.xml (or make changes with your other text editor)
 virsh vol-create differentstoragepool newvolume.xml

=item B<vol-create-from> I<pool-or-uuid> I<FILE> [I<--inputpool>
I<pool-or-uuid>] I<vol-name-or-key-or-path>

Create a volume, using another volume as input.
I<pool-or-uuid> is the name or UUID of the storage pool to create the volume in.
I<FILE> is the XML <file> with the volume definition.
I<--inputpool> I<pool-or-uuid> is the name or uuid of the storage pool the
source volume is in.
I<vol-name-or-key-or-path> is the name or key or path of the source volume.

=item B<vol-create-as> I<pool-or-uuid> I<name> I<capacity>
[I<--allocation> I<size>] [I<--format> I<string>] [I<--backing-vol>
I<vol-name-or-key-or-path>] [I<--backing-vol-format> I<string>]

Create a volume from a set of arguments.
I<pool-or-uuid> is the name or UUID of the storage pool to create the volume
in.
I<name> is the name of the new volume.
I<capacity> is the size of the volume to be created, with optional k, M, G, or
T suffix.
I<--allocation> I<size> is the initial size to be allocated in the volume, with
optional k, M, G, or T suffix.
I<--format> I<string> is used in file based storage pools to specify the volume
file format to use; raw, bochs, qcow, qcow2, vmdk.
I<--backing-vol> I<vol-name-or-key-or-path> is the source backing
volume to be used if taking a snapshot of an existing volume.
I<--backing-vol-format> I<string> is the format of the snapshot backing volume;
raw, bochs, qcow, qcow2, vmdk, host_device.

=item B<vol-clone> [I<--pool> I<pool-or-uuid>] I<vol-name-or-key-or-path>
I<name>

Clone an existing volume.  Less powerful, but easier to type, version of
B<vol-create-from>.
I<--pool> I<pool-or-uuid> is the name or UUID of the storage pool to create
the volume in.
I<vol-name-or-key-or-path> is the name or key or path of the source volume.
I<name> is the name of the new volume.

=item B<vol-delete> [I<--pool> I<pool-or-uuid>] I<vol-name-or-key-or-path>

Delete a given volume.
I<--pool> I<pool-or-uuid> is the name or UUID of the storage pool the volume
is in.
I<vol-name-or-key-or-path> is the name or key or path of the volume to delete.

=item B<vol-upload> [I<--pool> I<pool-or-uuid>] [I<--offset> I<bytes>]
[I<--length> I<bytes>] I<vol-name-or-key-or-path> I<local-file>

Upload the contents of I<local-file> to a storage volume.
I<--pool> I<pool-or-uuid> is the name or UUID of the storage pool the volume
is in.
I<vol-name-or-key-or-path> is the name or key or path of the volume to wipe.
I<--offset> is the position in the storage volume at which to start writing
the data. I<--length> is an upper bound of the amount of data to be uploaded.
An error will occurr if the I<local-file> is greater than the specified length.

=item B<vol-download> [I<--pool> I<pool-or-uuid>] [I<--offset> I<bytes>]
[I<--length> I<bytes>] I<vol-name-or-key-or-path> I<local-file>

Download the contents of I<local-file> from a storage volume.
I<--pool> I<pool-or-uuid> is the name or UUID of the storage pool the volume
is in.
I<vol-name-or-key-or-path> is the name or key or path of the volume to wipe.
I<--offset> is the position in the storage volume at which to start reading
the data. I<--length> is an upper bound of the amount of data to be downloaded.

=item B<vol-wipe> [I<--pool> I<pool-or-uuid>] I<vol-name-or-key-or-path>

Wipe a volume, ensure data previously on the volume is not accessible to
future reads. I<--pool> I<pool-or-uuid> is the name or UUID of the storage
pool the volume is in.
I<vol-name-or-key-or-path> is the name or key or path of the volume to wipe.

=item B<vol-dumpxml> [I<--pool> I<pool-or-uuid>] I<vol-name-or-key-or-path>

Output the volume information as an XML dump to stdout.
I<--pool> I<pool-or-uuid> is the name or UUID of the storage pool the volume
is in. I<vol-name-or-key-or-path> is the name or key or path of the volume
to output the XML of.

=item B<vol-info> [I<--pool> I<pool-or-uuid>] I<vol-name-or-key-or-path>

Returns basic information about the given storage volume.
I<--pool> I<pool-or-uuid> is the name or UUID of the storage pool the volume
is in. I<vol-name-or-key-or-path> is the name or key or path of the volume
to return information for.

=item B<vol-list> [I<--pool> I<pool-or-uuid>] [I<--details>]

Return the list of volumes in the given storage pool.
I<--pool> I<pool-or-uuid> is the name or UUID of the storage pool.
The I<--details> option instructs virsh to additionally display volume
type and capacity related information where available.

=item B<vol-pool> [I<--uuid>] I<vol-key-or-path>

Return the pool name or UUID for a given volume. By default, the pool name is
returned. If the I<--uuid> option is given, the pool UUID is returned instead.
I<vol-key-or-path> is the key or path of the volume to return the pool
information for.

=item B<vol-path> [I<--pool> I<pool-or-uuid>] I<vol-name-or-key>

Return the path for a given volume.
I<--pool> I<pool-or-uuid> is the name or UUID of the storage pool the volume
is in.
I<vol-name-or-key> is the name or key of the volume to return the path for.

=item B<vol-name> I<vol-key-or-path>

Return the name for a given volume.
I<vol-key-or-path> is the key or path of the volume to return the name for.

=item B<vol-key> [I<--pool> I<pool-or-uuid>] I<vol-name-or-path>

Return the volume key for a given volume.
I<--pool> I<pool-or-uuid> is the name or UUID of the storage pool the volume
is in. I<vol-name-or-path> is the name or path of the volume to return the
volume key for.

=back

=head1 SECRET COMMMANDS

The following commands manipulate "secrets" (e.g. passwords, passphrases and
encryption keys).  Libvirt can store secrets independently from their use, and
other objects (e.g. volumes or domains) can refer to the secrets for encryption
or possibly other uses.  Secrets are identified using an UUID.  See
L<http://libvirt.org/formatsecret.html> for documentation of the XML format
used to represent properties of secrets.

=over 4

=item B<secret-define> I<file>

Create a secret with the properties specified in I<file>, with no associated
secret value.  If I<file> does not specify a UUID, choose one automatically.
If I<file> specifies an UUID of an existing secret, replace its properties by
properties defined in I<file>, without affecting the secret value.

=item B<secret-dumpxml> I<secret>

Output properties of I<secret> (specified by its UUID) as an XML dump to stdout.

=item B<secret-set-value> I<secret> I<base64>

Set the value associated with I<secret> (specified by its UUID) to the value
Base64-encoded value I<base64>.

=item B<secret-get-value> I<secret>

Output the value associated with I<secret> (specified by its UUID) to stdout,
encoded using Base64.

=item B<secret-undefine> I<secret>

Delete a I<secret> (specified by its UUID), including the associated value, if
any.

=item B<secret-list>

Output a list of UUIDs of known secrets to stdout.

=back

=head1 SNAPSHOT COMMMANDS

The following commands manipulate domain snapshots.  Snapshots take the
disk, memory, and device state of a domain at a point-of-time, and save it
for future use.  They have many uses, from saving a "clean" copy of an OS
image to saving a domain's state before a potentially destructive operation.
Snapshots are identified with a unique name.  See
L<http://libvirt.org/formatsnapshot.html> for documentation of the XML format
used to represent properties of snapshots.

=over 4

=item B<snapshot-create> I<domain> [I<xmlfile>]

Create a snapshot for domain I<domain> with the properties specified in
I<xmlfile>.  The only properties settable for a domain snapshot are the
<name> and <description>; the rest of the fields are ignored, and
automatically filled in by libvirt.  If I<xmlfile> is completely omitted,
then libvirt will choose a value for all fields.

=item B<snapshot-create-as> I<domain> [I<--print-xml>]
[I<name>] [I<description>]

Create a snapshot for domain I<domain> with the given <name> and
<description>; if either value is omitted, libvirt will choose a
value.  If I<--print-xml> is specified, then XML appropriate for
I<snapshot-create> is output, rather than actually creating a snapshot.

=item B<snapshot-current> I<domain>

Output the snapshot XML for the domain's current snapshot (if any).

=item B<snapshot-list> I<domain>

List all of the available snapshots for the given domain.

=item B<snapshot-dumpxml> I<domain> I<snapshot>

Output the snapshot XML for the domain's snapshot named I<snapshot>.

=item B<snapshot-revert> I<domain> I<snapshot>

Revert the given domain to the snapshot specified by I<snapshot>.  Be aware
that this is a destructive action; any changes in the domain since the
snapshot was taken will be lost.  Also note that the state of the domain after
snapshot-revert is complete will be the state of the domain at the time
the original snapshot was taken.

=item B<snapshot-delete> I<domain> I<snapshot> I<--children>

Delete the snapshot for the domain named I<snapshot>.  If this snapshot
has child snapshots, changes from this snapshot will be merged into the
children.  If I<--children> is passed, then delete this snapshot and any
children of this snapshot.

=back

=head1 NWFILTER COMMMANDS

The following commands manipulate network filters. Network filters allow
filtering of the network traffic coming from and going to virtual machines.
Individual network traffic filters are written in XML and may contain
references to other network filters, describe traffic filtering rules,
or contain both. Network filters are referenced by virtual machines
from within their interface description. A network filter may be referenced
by multiple virtual machines' interfaces.

=over 4

=item B<nwfilter-define> I<xmlfile>

Make a new network filter known to libvirt. If a network filter with
the same name already exists, it will be replaced with the new XML.
Any running virtual machine referencing this network filter will have
its network traffic rules adapted. If for any reason the network traffic
filtering rules cannot be instantiated by any of the running virtual
machines, then the new XML will be rejected.

=item B<nwfilter-undefine> I<nwfilter-name>

Delete a network filter. The deletion will fail if any running virtual
machine is currently using this network filter.

=item B<nwfilter-list>

List all of the available network filters.

=item B<nwfilter-dumpxml> I<nwfilter-name>

Output the network filter XML.

=item B<nwfilter-edit> I<nwfilter-name>

Edit the XML of a network filter.

This is equivalent to:

 virsh nwfilter-dumpxml myfilter > myfilter.xml
 vi myfilter.xml (or make changes with your other text editor)
 virsh nwfilter-define myfilter.xml

except that it does some error checking.
The new network filter may be rejected due to the same reason as
mentioned in I<nwfilter-define>.

The editor used can be supplied by the C<$VISUAL> or C<$EDITOR> environment
variables, and defaults to C<vi>.

=back

=head1 QEMU-SPECIFIC COMMANDS

NOTE: Use of the following commands is B<strongly> discouraged.  They
can cause libvirt to become confused and do the wrong thing on subsequent
operations.  Once you have used this command, please do not report
problems to the libvirt developers; the reports will be ignored.

=over 4

=item B<qemu-attach> I<pid>

Attach an externally launched QEMU process to the libvirt QEMU driver.
The QEMU process must have been created with a monitor connection
using the UNIX driver. Ideally the process will also have had the
'-name' argument specified.

=over 4

     $ qemu-kvm -cdrom ~/demo.iso \
         -monitor unix:/tmp/demo,server,nowait \
         -name foo \
         -uuid cece4f9f-dff0-575d-0e8e-01fe380f12ea  &
     $ QEMUPID=$!
     $ virsh qemu-attach $QEMUPID

=back

Not all functions of libvirt are expected to work reliably after
attaching to an externally launched QEMU process. There may be
issues with the guest ABI changing upon migration, and hotunplug
may not work.

=item B<qemu-monitor-command> I<domain> I<command> [I<--hmp>]

Send an arbitrary monitor command I<command> to domain I<domain> through the
qemu monitor.  The results of the command will be printed on stdout.  If
I<--hmp> is passed, the command is considered to be a human monitor command
and libvirt will automatically convert it into QMP if needed.  In that case
the result will also be converted back from QMP.

=back

=head1 ENVIRONMENT

The following environment variables can be set to alter the behaviour
of C<virsh>

=over 4

=item VIRSH_DEBUG=<0 to 4>

Turn on verbose debugging of virsh commands. Valid levels are

=item * VIRSH_DEBUG=0

DEBUG - Messages at ALL levels get logged

=item * VIRSH_DEBUG=1

INFO - Logs messages at levels INFO, NOTICE, WARNING and ERROR

=item * VIRSH_DEBUG=2

NOTICE - Logs messages at levels NOTICE, WARNING and ERROR

=item * VIRSH_DEBUG=3

WARNING - Logs messages at levels WARNING and ERROR

=item * VIRSH_DEBUG=4

ERROR - Messages at only ERROR level gets logged.

=item VIRSH_LOG_FILE=C<LOGFILE>

The file to log virsh debug messages.

=item VIRSH_DEFAULT_CONNECT_URI

The hypervisor to connect to by default. Set this to a URI, in the same
format as accepted by the B<connect> option.

=item VISUAL

The editor to use by the B<edit> and related options.

=item EDITOR

The editor to use by the B<edit> and related options, if C<VISUAL>
is not set.

=item LIBVIRT_DEBUG=LEVEL

Turn on verbose debugging of all libvirt API calls. Valid levels are

=over 4

=item * LIBVIRT_DEBUG=1

Messages at level DEBUG or above

=item * LIBVIRT_DEBUG=2

Messages at level INFO or above

=item * LIBVIRT_DEBUG=3

Messages at level WARNING or above

=item * LIBVIRT_DEBUG=4

Messages at level ERROR or above

=back

For further information about debugging options consult C<http://libvirt.org/logging.html>

=back

=head1 BUGS

Report any bugs discovered to the libvirt community via the mailing
list C<http://libvirt.org/contact.html> or bug tracker C<http://libvirt.org/bugs.html>.
Alternatively report bugs to your software distributor / vendor.

=head1 AUTHORS

  Please refer to the AUTHORS file distributed with libvirt.

  Based on the xm man page by:
  Sean Dague <sean at dague dot net>
  Daniel Stekloff <dsteklof at us dot ibm dot com>

=head1 COPYRIGHT

Copyright (C) 2005, 2007-2010 Red Hat, Inc., and the authors listed in the
libvirt AUTHORS file.

=head1 LICENSE

virsh is distributed under the terms of the GNU LGPL v2+.
This is free software; see the source for copying conditions. There
is NO warranty; not even for MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
PURPOSE

=head1 SEE ALSO

L<virt-install(1)>, L<virt-xml-validate(1)>, L<virt-top(1)>, L<virt-df(1)>,
L<http://www.libvirt.org/>

=cut