* Syntax improvements (I hope) to boolean algebra

* Reverted certain index variables to i

* remove extra line on decimal_to_binary

* Update quine_mc_cluskey.py
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* Update merge_insertion_sort.py

Fixes #5774

merge_insertion_sort
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* Update merge_insertion_sort.py

Fixes #5774

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* Update merge_insertion_sort.py

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added permutation range from 0 to 4
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* Use `all()`
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* Added memoization function in fibonacci

* Minor changes

* Updated the comments in the code

* Update .gitignore

* Update .gitignore

* Update .gitignore
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* Replace typing.optional with new annotations syntax

* updating DIRECTORY.md
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* adding pooling algorithms

* pooling.py: Adding pooling algorithms to computer vision pull_number=

* pooling.py: Adding pooling algorithms to computer vision

* pooling_functions.py: Adding pooling algorithms to computer vision

* pooling.py: Adding Pooling Algorithms

* pooling_functions.py Add and Update

* Update pooling_functions.py

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* Formatting pooling.py
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* makes LRUCache constructor concrete

* fixes bug in dq_removal in other/least_recently_used

+ deque.remove() operates by value not index

* [mypy] Annotates other/least_recently_used over generic type

+ clean-up: rename key_reference to match type.

* [mypy] updates example to demonstrate LRUCache with complex type

* Adds doctest to other/least_recently_used

* mypy.ini: Remove exclude = (other/least_recently_used.py)

* Various mypy configs

* Delete mypy.ini

* Add mypy to .pre-commit-config.yaml

* mypy --ignore-missing-imports --install-types --non-interactive .

* mypy v0.910

* Pillow=8.3.7

* Pillow==8.3.7

* Pillow==8.3.2

* Update .pre-commit-config.yaml

* Update requirements.txt

* Update pre-commit.yml

* --install-types  # See mirrors-mypy README.md
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* Created new persistence algorithm

* Update persistence.py

* Added another persistence function

* add 5 README files

* empty commit to (hopefully) get rid of the `test-are-failling` label

* Update ciphers/README.md
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* Update conversions/README.md
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* Update cellular_automata/README.md
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* Update conversions/README.md
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* Update compression/README.md
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* Adds repr and doctest of current behavior linkedlist in other/lru_cache

* Blocks removal of head or tail of double linked list

* clarifies add() logic for double linked list in other/lru_cache

* expands doctests to compare cache and lru cache

* [mypy] annotates vars for other/lru_cache

* [mypy] Annotates lru_cache decorator for other/lru_cache

* Higher order functions require a verbose Callable annotation

* [mypy] Makes LRU_Cache generic over key and value types for other/lru_cache

+ no reason to force int -> int

* [mypy] makes decorator a classmethod for access to class generic types

* breaks two long lines in doctest for other/lru_cache

* simplifies boundary test remove() for other/lru_cache

* [mypy] Annotates, adds doctests, and makes Generic other/lfu_cache

See also commits to other/lru_cache which guided these

* [mypy] annotates cls var in other/lfu_cache

* cleans up items from code review for lfu_cache and lru_cache

* [mypy] runs mypy on lfu_cache and lru_cache

* Update matrix_operation.py

* Update mypy.ini

* Update DIRECTORY.md

* formatting

* Update matrix_operation.py

* doctest for exception

* A bit more...

* Added solution for Project Euler problem 145

* Updated spelling of comments

Updated spelling inline with codespell

* Removed trailing whitespaces in comments

* Added default values.

* nr -> number
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* nr -> number

* Update sol1.py

* Update sol1.py
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* Update ternary_search.py

* Update mypy.ini

* Update simulated_annealing.py

* Update ternary_search.py

* formatting

* formatting

* Update matrix_operation.py

* Update matrix_operation.py

* Update matrix_operation.py

* Added Jacobi Iteration Method

Added this method in arithmetic_analysis folder. This method is used to solve system of linear equations.

* Added comments

* Added reference link

* Update jacobi_iteration_method.py

* Changes for codespell test

* Update jacobi_iteration_method.py

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* updating DIRECTORY.md

* Update arithmetic_analysis/jacobi_iteration_method.py
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* Update jacobi_iteration_method.py

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* Update jacobi_iteration_method.py

* fix styles
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* updating DIRECTORY.md

* Add solution

* updating DIRECTORY.md

* Fix

* Fix
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* Type annotations for `breadth_first_search.py`

* Type annotations for `breadth_first_search_2.py`

* Remove from excluded in mypy.ini

* Add doctest.testmod()

* Type annotations for `graphs/check_cycle.py`

* Type annotations for `graphs/greedy_min_vertex_cover.py`

* Remove from excluded in mypy.ini

* rewrote anagrams.py, added doctests

* corrected mistakes

* add anagrams.txt

* Update anagrams.py

* Update strings/anagrams.py
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[mypy] Type annotations for `graphs/finding_bridges.py` and `graphs/random_graph_generator.py` (#5795)

* [mypy] Annotate `graphs/finding_bridges.py`

* Remove from excluded in `mypy.ini`

* Add doctest.testmod()

* psf/black formatting

* Annotations for `graphs/random_graph_generator.py`

* Remove from excluded in `mypy.ini`

* Resolve merge conflict

* Resolve merge conflict

* Update mypy.ini

* Update mypy.ini

* Remove from excluded

* Fix type annotations in boruvka.py

* Remove graphs/boruvka.py|

* updating DIRECTORY.md
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* ADD the algorithms of image augmentation

* ADD the algorithms of image augmentation

* ADD the algorithms of image augmentation

* ADD the algorithms of image augmentation

* ADD the algorithms of image augmentation

* ADD the algorithms of image augmentation

* UPDATE format code

* UPDATE format and recode structure

* UPDATE format import library

* UPDATE code structure

* Fix all checks have failded

* FIX variable format

* FIX variable format

* FIX variable format

* FIX code structure

* FIX code structure

* FIX code structure

* FIX code structure

* [mypy] Fix annotations in `maths/series/p_series.py`

* Update p_series.py

* Update p_series.py

* Remove from excluded in mypy.ini

* Type annotation for series

* Annotate maths/proth_number.py (properly)

* Remove from excluded in mypy.ini

* Annotate average_mode.py

* Update average_mode.py

* Update average_mode.py

* Update average_mode.py

* Update average_mode.py

* Remove from excluded in mypy.ini

* Fix annotations in gamma_recursive.py

* Remove from excluded in mypy.ini

* Annotations for geometric_series.py

* Update geometric_series.py

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* Update average_mode.py

* Update average_mode.py

* Update mypy.ini

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* Update mypy.ini

* Update average_mode.py

* Update proth_number.py

* Update average_mode.py

* Update gamma_recursive.py

* Update proth_number.py

* Update mypy.ini

* Update geometric_series.py

* Update average_mode.py

* Update proth_number.py

* Update geometric_series.py

* Update geometric_series.py

* Update geometric_series.py

* Update p_series.py

* Update geometric_series.py

* Update p_series.py

* Update p_series.py

* Update geometric_series.py

* Update p_series.py

* Update p_series.py

* Remove data_structures/stacks/next_greater_element.py|
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* Add equated_monthly_installments.py in Financials

* Formatting

* More formatting, Descriptive names

* Errors with name change

* Formatting

* Formatting, Naming Error

* dedent

* Update DIRECTORY.md

* [mypy] Fix `other/fischer_yates_shuffle.py`

* Update mypy.ini

* DRAFT: Run a mypy reality check

Let's see what is required to finish  #4052

* mypy --ignore-missing-imports --install-types --non-interactive

* Check our progress...

* Update build.yml

* Update build.yml

* Update build.yml

* Update build.yml

* mypy --exclude 20 files

* --exclude with no `=`

* Update build.yml

* 558 character regex!!!

* With quotes

* mypy.ini: mega exclude

* Update mypy.ini

* Update build.yml

* Update mypy.ini

* Update build.yml

* Update mypy.ini

* .py --> .p*

* Escape the dots!: `.` --> `\.`

* Remove the comment

* Leading slash

* Update mypy.ini
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* Fix type annotations in next_greater_element.py

* Refactor next_greater_element.py

* updating DIRECTORY.md

* Fix typo

* Improve solution
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* Improve Project Euler Problem 10 Sol-1

* Name correction

* psf/black formatting

* More formatting

* Fix finding_bridges algorithms + tests

* update type hints

* Better, more obvious condition fix

* fix prev commit + more tests

* Short explanation + url

* Update finding_bridges.py
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* Improve solution

* Uncomment code that has been commented due to slow execution affecting Travis

* Fix

* scikit-fuzzy is causing broken builds

* fuzz = None

* Update fuzzy_operations.py
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* [mypy] Fix type annotations in red_black_tree.py

* Remove blank lines

* Update red_black_tree.py

* Improve solution

* Uncomment code that has been commented due to slow execution affecting Travis

* Fix

* Rewritten reddit.py

* Removed logging module import

* Fixed minor bug which was causing extreme rate limiting

* Update reddit.py

* Update reddit.py

* Update reddit.py
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* Add all_construct dynamic programming implementation

* all_construct: remove the main function

* all_construct: Add type hints

* all_construct: changed map to list comprehension,fix mutable default arguments

* all_construct: fixed type hints

* all_construct: cleaner code for initializing word_bank argument

* all_construct: added an import for annotations

* all_construct: added None in the argument with word_bank

* all_construct: fixed a type hint

* all_construct: Fixed some more type hints

* Added 5 README files

* corrected arithmetic_analysis README

* Update audio_filters/README.md
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* Update backtracking/README.md
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* Update bit_manipulation/README.md
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* Fix type annotations in lowest_common_ancestor.py

* Refactor line 53 in lowest_common_ancestor.py

+ As per usage examples, clause literals are a list of strings.
  + Note: symbols extracted from literals are expected to be exactly two characters.
+ self.literal boolean values are initialized to None, so must be optional
+ model values should be Booleans, but aren't guaranteed to be non-None
  in the code.
+ uses newer '... | None' annotation for Optional values
+ clauses are passed to the Formula initializer as both lists and sets, they
  are stored as lists.  Returned clauses will always be lists.
+ use explicit tuple annotation from __future__  rather than using (..., ...)
  in return signatures
+ mapping returned by dpll_algorithm is optional per the documentation.