[mypy] Fix type annotations for maths directory (#5782)

* [mypy] Fix annotations in `maths/series/p_series.py`

* Update p_series.py

* Update p_series.py

* Remove from excluded in mypy.ini

* Type annotation for series

* Annotate maths/proth_number.py (properly)

* Remove from excluded in mypy.ini

* Annotate average_mode.py

* Update average_mode.py

* Update average_mode.py

* Update average_mode.py

* Update average_mode.py

* Remove from excluded in mypy.ini

* Fix annotations in gamma_recursive.py

* Remove from excluded in mypy.ini

* Annotations for geometric_series.py

* Update geometric_series.py

* Update mypy.ini

* Update average_mode.py

* Update average_mode.py

* Update average_mode.py

* Update mypy.ini

* Update mypy.ini

* Update mypy.ini

* Update average_mode.py

* Update proth_number.py

* Update average_mode.py

* Update gamma_recursive.py

* Update proth_number.py

* Update mypy.ini

* Update geometric_series.py

* Update average_mode.py

* Update proth_number.py

* Update geometric_series.py

* Update geometric_series.py

* Update geometric_series.py

* Update p_series.py

* Update geometric_series.py

* Update p_series.py

* Update p_series.py

* Update geometric_series.py

* Update p_series.py

* Update p_series.py

* Remove data_structures/stacks/next_greater_element.py|
Co-authored-by: NChristian Clauss <cclauss@me.com>

maths/average_mode.py

-def mode(input_list: list) -> list:  # Defining function "mode."
+from typing import Any
+
+
+def mode(input_list: list) -> list[Any]:
     """This function returns the mode(Mode as in the measures of
     central tendency) of the input data.
 
     The input list may contain any Datastructure or any Datatype.
 
-    >>> input_list = [2, 3, 4, 5, 3, 4, 2, 5, 2, 2, 4, 2, 2, 2]
-    >>> mode(input_list)
+    >>> mode([2, 3, 4, 5, 3, 4, 2, 5, 2, 2, 4, 2, 2, 2])
     [2]
-    >>> input_list = [3, 4, 5, 3, 4, 2, 5, 2, 2, 4, 4, 2, 2, 2]
-    >>> mode(input_list)
+    >>> mode([3, 4, 5, 3, 4, 2, 5, 2, 2, 4, 4, 2, 2, 2])
     [2]
-    >>> input_list = [3, 4, 5, 3, 4, 2, 5, 2, 2, 4, 4, 4, 2, 2, 4, 2]
-    >>> mode(input_list)
+    >>> mode([3, 4, 5, 3, 4, 2, 5, 2, 2, 4, 4, 4, 2, 2, 4, 2])
     [2, 4]
-    >>> input_list = ["x", "y", "y", "z"]
-    >>> mode(input_list)
+    >>> mode(["x", "y", "y", "z"])
     ['y']
-    >>> input_list = ["x", "x" , "y", "y", "z"]
-    >>> mode(input_list)
+    >>> mode(["x", "x" , "y", "y", "z"])
     ['x', 'y']
     """
-    result = list()  # Empty list to store the counts of elements in input_list
-    for x in input_list:
-        result.append(input_list.count(x))
-    if not result:
+    if not input_list:
         return []
-    y = max(result)  # Gets the maximum value in the result list.
+    result = [input_list.count(value) for value in input_list]
+    y = max(result)  # Gets the maximum count in the input list.
     # Gets values of modes
-    result = {input_list[i] for i, value in enumerate(result) if value == y}
-    return sorted(result)
+    return sorted({input_list[i] for i, value in enumerate(result) if value == y})
 
 
 if __name__ == "__main__":

maths/gamma_recursive.py

@@ -2,7 +2,6 @@
 Gamma function is a very useful tool in math and physics.
 It helps calculating complex integral in a convenient way.
 for more info: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gamma_function
-
 Python's Standard Library math.gamma() function overflows around gamma(171.624).
 """
 from math import pi, sqrt
@@ -71,7 +70,7 @@ if __name__ == "__main__":
     from doctest import testmod
 
     testmod()
-    num = 1
+    num = 1.0
     while num:
         num = float(input("Gamma of: "))
         print(f"gamma({num}) = {gamma(num)}")

maths/proth_number.py

 """
 Calculate the nth Proth number
-
 Source:
     https://handwiki.org/wiki/Proth_number
 """
@@ -12,22 +11,17 @@ def proth(number: int) -> int:
     """
     :param number: nth number to calculate in the sequence
     :return: the nth number in Proth number
-
     Note: indexing starts at 1 i.e. proth(1) gives the first Proth number of 3
-
     >>> proth(6)
     25
-
     >>> proth(0)
     Traceback (most recent call last):
     ...
     ValueError: Input value of [number=0] must be > 0
-
     >>> proth(-1)
     Traceback (most recent call last):
     ...
     ValueError: Input value of [number=-1] must be > 0
-
     >>> proth(6.0)
     Traceback (most recent call last):
     ...
@@ -44,14 +38,12 @@ def proth(number: int) -> int:
     elif number == 2:
         return 5
     else:
-        block_index = number // 3
         """
         +1 for binary starting at 0 i.e. 2^0, 2^1, etc.
         +1 to start the sequence at the 3rd Proth number
         Hence, we have a +2 in the below statement
         """
-        block_index = math.log(block_index, 2) + 2
-        block_index = int(block_index)
+        block_index = int(math.log(number // 3, 2)) + 2
 
         proth_list = [3, 5]
         proth_index = 2
@@ -66,6 +58,10 @@ def proth(number: int) -> int:
 
 
 if __name__ == "__main__":
+    import doctest
+
+    doctest.testmod()
+
     for number in range(11):
         value = 0
         try:

maths/series/geometric_series.py

 """
 This is a pure Python implementation of the Geometric Series algorithm
 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geometric_series
-
 Run the doctests with the following command:
 python3 -m doctest -v geometric_series.py
 or
@@ -11,8 +10,17 @@ python3 geometric_series.py
 """
 
 
-def geometric_series(nth_term: int, start_term_a: int, common_ratio_r: int) -> list:
-    """Pure Python implementation of Geometric Series algorithm
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+
+def geometric_series(
+    nth_term: float | int,
+    start_term_a: float | int,
+    common_ratio_r: float | int,
+) -> list[float | int]:
+    """
+    Pure Python implementation of Geometric Series algorithm
+
     :param nth_term: The last term (nth term of Geometric Series)
     :param start_term_a : The first term of Geometric Series
     :param common_ratio_r : The common ratio between all the terms
@@ -20,15 +28,15 @@ def geometric_series(nth_term: int, start_term_a: int, common_ratio_r: int) -> l
         ration with first term with increase in power till last term (nth term)
     Examples:
     >>> geometric_series(4, 2, 2)
-    [2, '4.0', '8.0', '16.0']
+    [2, 4.0, 8.0, 16.0]
     >>> geometric_series(4.0, 2.0, 2.0)
-    [2.0, '4.0', '8.0', '16.0']
+    [2.0, 4.0, 8.0, 16.0]
     >>> geometric_series(4.1, 2.1, 2.1)
-    [2.1, '4.41', '9.261000000000001', '19.448100000000004']
+    [2.1, 4.41, 9.261000000000001, 19.448100000000004]
     >>> geometric_series(4, 2, -2)
-    [2, '-4.0', '8.0', '-16.0']
+    [2, -4.0, 8.0, -16.0]
     >>> geometric_series(4, -2, 2)
-    [-2, '-4.0', '-8.0', '-16.0']
+    [-2, -4.0, -8.0, -16.0]
     >>> geometric_series(-4, 2, 2)
     []
     >>> geometric_series(0, 100, 500)
@@ -38,9 +46,9 @@ def geometric_series(nth_term: int, start_term_a: int, common_ratio_r: int) -> l
     >>> geometric_series(0, 0, 0)
     []
     """
-    if "" in (nth_term, start_term_a, common_ratio_r):
-        return ""
-    series = []
+    if not all((nth_term, start_term_a, common_ratio_r)):
+        return []
+    series: list[float | int] = []
     power = 1
     multiple = common_ratio_r
     for _ in range(int(nth_term)):
@@ -48,16 +56,20 @@ def geometric_series(nth_term: int, start_term_a: int, common_ratio_r: int) -> l
             series.append(start_term_a)
         else:
             power += 1
-            series.append(str(float(start_term_a) * float(multiple)))
+            series.append(float(start_term_a * multiple))
             multiple = pow(float(common_ratio_r), power)
     return series
 
 
 if __name__ == "__main__":
-    nth_term = input("Enter the last number (n term) of the Geometric Series")
-    start_term_a = input("Enter the starting term (a) of the Geometric Series")
-    common_ratio_r = input(
-        "Enter the common ratio between two terms (r) of the Geometric Series"
+    import doctest
+
+    doctest.testmod()
+
+    nth_term = float(input("Enter the last number (n term) of the Geometric Series"))
+    start_term_a = float(input("Enter the starting term (a) of the Geometric Series"))
+    common_ratio_r = float(
+        input("Enter the common ratio between two terms (r) of the Geometric Series")
     )
     print("Formula of Geometric Series => a + ar + ar^2 ... +ar^n")
     print(geometric_series(nth_term, start_term_a, common_ratio_r))

maths/series/p_series.py

 """
 This is a pure Python implementation of the P-Series algorithm
 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harmonic_series_(mathematics)#P-series
-
 For doctests run following command:
 python -m doctest -v p_series.py
 or
 python3 -m doctest -v p_series.py
-
 For manual testing run:
 python3 p_series.py
 """
 
 
-def p_series(nth_term: int, power: int) -> list:
-    """Pure Python implementation of P-Series algorithm
+from __future__ import annotations
 
-    :return: The P-Series starting from 1 to last (nth) term
 
+def p_series(nth_term: int | float | str, power: int | float | str) -> list[str]:
+    """
+    Pure Python implementation of P-Series algorithm
+    :return: The P-Series starting from 1 to last (nth) term
     Examples:
     >>> p_series(5, 2)
-    [1, '1/4', '1/9', '1/16', '1/25']
+    ['1', '1 / 4', '1 / 9', '1 / 16', '1 / 25']
     >>> p_series(-5, 2)
     []
     >>> p_series(5, -2)
-    [1, '1/0.25', '1/0.1111111111111111', '1/0.0625', '1/0.04']
+    ['1', '1 / 0.25', '1 / 0.1111111111111111', '1 / 0.0625', '1 / 0.04']
     >>> p_series("", 1000)
-    ''
+    ['']
     >>> p_series(0, 0)
     []
     >>> p_series(1, 1)
-    [1]
+    ['1']
     """
     if nth_term == "":
-        return nth_term
+        return [""]
     nth_term = int(nth_term)
     power = int(power)
-    series = []
+    series: list[str] = []
     for temp in range(int(nth_term)):
-        series.append(f"1/{pow(temp + 1, int(power))}" if series else 1)
+        series.append(f"1 / {pow(temp + 1, int(power))}" if series else "1")
     return series
 
 
 if __name__ == "__main__":
-    nth_term = input("Enter the last number (nth term) of the P-Series")
-    power = input("Enter the power for  P-Series")
+    import doctest
+
+    doctest.testmod()
+
+    nth_term = int(input("Enter the last number (nth term) of the P-Series"))
+    power = int(input("Enter the power for  P-Series"))
     print("Formula of P-Series => 1+1/2^p+1/3^p ..... 1/n^p")
     print(p_series(nth_term, power))

mypy.ini

@@ -2,5 +2,4 @@
 ignore_missing_imports = True
 install_types = True
 non_interactive = True
-exclude = (data_structures/stacks/next_greater_element.py|graphs/boruvka.py|graphs/breadth_first_search.py|graphs/breadth_first_search_2.py|graphs/check_cycle.py|graphs/finding_bridges.py|graphs/greedy_min_vertex_cover.py|graphs/random_graph_generator.py|maths/average_mode.py|maths/gamma_recursive.py|maths/proth_number.py|maths/series/geometric_series.py|maths/series/p_series.py|matrix_operation.py|other/least_recently_used.py|other/lfu_cache.py|other/lru_cache.py|searches/simulated_annealing.py|searches/ternary_search.py)
-
+exclude = (graphs/boruvka.py|graphs/breadth_first_search.py|graphs/breadth_first_search_2.py|graphs/check_cycle.py|graphs/finding_bridges.py|graphs/greedy_min_vertex_cover.py|graphs/random_graph_generator.py|matrix_operation.py|other/least_recently_used.py|other/lfu_cache.py|other/lru_cache.py|searches/simulated_annealing.py|searches/ternary_search.py)