Using ruby-prof, I noticed that Set#add had the largest 'self time'
percentage (5% of the overall time spent rendering) when
benchmarking the rendering of a small cached ERB template that was 3
lines long. It turns out it was from this line. I don't believe the
Set is necessary, either. Removing this line increases the rendering
ips using Benchmark::ips accordingly.

Before we had a bug in the resolver cache so the disable_cache were not
working when passing options to find

LookupContext is eagerly loaded, and FallbackFileSystemResolver is
referenced at the class level.  Just require the resolver from the
eagerly loaded class rather than jumping through autoload hoops

By default, variants in the templates will be picked up if a variant is set
and there's a match. The format will be:

  app/views/projects/show.html.erb
  app/views/projects/show.html+tablet.erb
  app/views/projects/show.html+phone.erb

If request.variant = :tablet is set, we'll automatically be rendering the
html+tablet template.

In the controller, we can also tailer to the variants with this syntax:

  class ProjectsController < ActionController::Base
    def show
      respond_to do |format|
        format.html do |html|
          @stars = @project.stars

          html.tablet { @notifications = @project.notifications }
          html.phone  { @chat_heads    = @project.chat_heads }
        end

        format.js
        format.atom
      end
    end
  end

The variant itself is nil by default, but can be set in before filters, like
so:

  class ApplicationController < ActionController::Base
    before_action do
      if request.user_agent =~ /iPad/
        request.variant = :tablet
      end
    end
  end

This is modeled loosely on custom mime types, but it's specifically not
intended to be used together. If you're going to make a custom mime type,
you don't need a variant. Variants are for variations on a single mime
types.

CVE-2013-6414

Summary of the changes:
 * Add thread_safe gem.
 * Use thread safe cache for digestor caching.
 * Replace manual synchronization with ThreadSafe::Cache in Relation::Delegation.
 * Replace @attribute_method_matchers_cache Hash with ThreadSafe::Cache.
 * Use TS::Cache to avoid the synchronisation overhead on listener retrieval.
 * Replace synchronisation with TS::Cache usage.
 * Use a preallocated array for performance/memory reasons.
 * Update the controllers cache to the new AS::Dependencies::ClassCache API.
   The original @controllers cache no longer makes much sense after @tenderlove's
   changes in 7b6bfe84 and f345e238.
 * Use TS::Cache in the connection pool to avoid locking overhead.
 * Use TS::Cache in ConnectionHandler.

default_formats array is used by LookupContext in order to allow
rendering templates when :formats option is not passed. Previously it
was always set to Mime::SET, which created dependency on Action Pack. In
order to remove this dependency, Mime::SET is used only if
ActionController is loaded.

Closes #5025 part 2

For example, calling hello.erb is now deprecated. Since Rails 3.0
passing the handler had no effect whatsover. This commit simply
deprecates such cases so we can clean up the code in later releases.

it is now possible to pass details options (:formats, :details, :locales, ...) to #render, #find_template and friends. this doesn't change anything in global context.

`lookup_context#formats=` being too restrictive, "Accept: text/javascript, */*"
resulted in [:js, "*/*"] formats instead of [:js, :html].
Signed-off-by: NJosé Valim <jose.valim@gmail.com>