Define path with __dir__

Remove a duplicate test of migration_test in AR

Remove a duplicate test of schema_authorization_test in AR

ActiveRecord initialization optimizations

Remove a duplicate test of mysql_rake_test

Add a Monitor to ModelSchema#load_schema

Remove redundant test method

This change preserves the speedup made in a24912cb (by avoiding
the wasted shallow dup of @attributes) while ensuring that the
performance of #deep_dup won't be tied to the performance of #initialize

Make `secrets:edit` run `secrets:setup` if it hasn't already.

Setup config/secrets.yml.enc with template contents for people to edit.

Then generate encryption key and encrypt the initial secrets.

Add ActiveRecord::Relation#or description to guides

Extract `JSONSharedTestCases`

rubocop namespace changes from `Style` to `Layout`

[Vikrant Chaudhary, David Abdemoulaie, Matthew Draper]

Fix crashing on circular left join references with scoping

`gmail` --> `Gmail`

[ci skip]

[ci skip]fix wrong variable name in docs

Memoize the #column_defaults class property, as ActiveRecord does
for other properties in this module.

This change addresses slowness in ActiveRecord initialization
introduced starting in Rails 5.0. This method's performance has not
changed with Rails 5, but it is now called much more frequently than
before: every time an STI model is instantiated.

This change addresses slowness in ActiveRecord initialization
introduced starting in Rails 5.0.

Skip the call to #dup, since it does a shallow copy of attributes,
which is wasted effort, since #deep_dup then replaces that
shallow copy with a #deep_dup of the given attributes.

This change addresses slowness in ActiveRecord initialization
introduced starting in Rails 5.0.

Refer https://github.com/bbatsov/rubocop/pull/4278/commits/54166bf76ba76b14f1bbc8a34165f175dbc3f227
for the commit

```
/path/to/rails/.rubocop.yml: Style/CaseIndentation has the wrong namespace - should be Layout
/path/to/rails/.rubocop.yml: Style/CommentIndentation has the wrong namespace - should be Layout
/path/to/rails/.rubocop.yml: Style/EmptyLines has the wrong namespace - should be Layout
/path/to/rails/.rubocop.yml: Style/EmptyLinesAroundClassBody has the wrong namespace - should be Layout
/path/to/rails/.rubocop.yml: Style/EmptyLinesAroundMethodBody has the wrong namespace - should be Layout
/path/to/rails/.rubocop.yml: Style/EmptyLinesAroundModuleBody has the wrong namespace - should be Layout
/path/to/rails/.rubocop.yml: Style/IndentationConsistency has the wrong namespace - should be Layout
/path/to/rails/.rubocop.yml: Style/IndentationWidth has the wrong namespace - should be Layout
/path/to/rails/.rubocop.yml: Style/SpaceAfterColon has the wrong namespace - should be Layout
/path/to/rails/.rubocop.yml: Style/SpaceAfterComma has the wrong namespace - should be Layout
/path/to/rails/.rubocop.yml: Style/SpaceAroundEqualsInParameterDefault has the wrong namespace - should be Layout
/path/to/rails/.rubocop.yml: Style/SpaceAroundKeyword has the wrong namespace - should be Layout
/path/to/rails/.rubocop.yml: Style/SpaceAroundOperators has the wrong namespace - should be Layout
/path/to/rails/.rubocop.yml: Style/SpaceBeforeFirstArg has the wrong namespace - should be Layout
/path/to/rails/.rubocop.yml: Style/SpaceBeforeBlockBraces has the wrong namespace - should be Layout
/path/to/rails/.rubocop.yml: Style/SpaceInsideBlockBraces has the wrong namespace - should be Layout
/path/to/rails/.rubocop.yml: Style/SpaceInsideHashLiteralBraces has the wrong namespace - should be Layout
/path/to/rails/.rubocop.yml: Style/SpaceInsideParens has the wrong namespace - should be Layout
/path/to/rails/.rubocop.yml: Style/Tab has the wrong namespace - should be Layout
/path/to/rails/.rubocop.yml: Style/TrailingBlankLines has the wrong namespace - should be Layout
/path/to/rails/.rubocop.yml: Style/TrailingWhitespace has the wrong namespace - should be Layout
```

Bump RuboCop to 0.49.0 and fix offences

Update Rails API Application guide to match current code [ci skip]

Update information on using Gmail when 2FA is in use [ci skip]

Follow up of #25702.

[ci skip]fix wrong method name in docs

Fix select tag helper used with Enumerable choices

Make helper methods in tests to private