Database configurations are now objects almost everywhere, so we don't
need to fake access to a hash with `#default_hash` or it's alias `#[]`.
Applications should `configs_for` and pass `env_name` and `spec_name` to
get the database config object. If you're looking for the default for
the test environment you can pass `configs_for(env_name: "test", spec_name:
"primary")`. Change test to developement to get the dev config, etc.

`#default_hash` and `#[]` will be removed in 6.2.
Co-authored-by: NJohn Crepezzi <john.crepezzi@gmail.com>

Reduce FILENAME_MAX_SIZE to accomodate large PIDs

The max size here is designed around Ruby's Dir::Tmpname.create which
creates temporary filenames in the format

    $TIMESTAMP-$PID-$RANDOM

I believe the previous value of this field was based on the assumption
that PIDs are 1-65535, which isn't necessarily the case on 64 bit Linux
systems, which can be up to 2**22.

    $ uname -a
    Linux zergling 5.4.11-arch1-1 #1 SMP PREEMPT Sun, 12 Jan 2020 12:15:27 +0000 x86_64 GNU/Linux
    $ cat /proc/sys/kernel/pid_max
    4194304

I've chosen a new value based on what I believe the largest possible
tempname is:

    255 - "20200117-4194304-#{0x100000000.to_s(36)}.lock".length #=> 226

Mark working_with_javascript_in_rails as WIP

Mark as WIP to indicate it is outdated and currently being worked on.

Follow up #36255.

Follow up #35504.

[ci skip]

Introduce ActiveSupport Disallowed Deprecations

This allows deprecation messages to be matched by substring, symbol (treated as
substring), or regular expression. If a warning is matched, the behaviors
configured for disallowed deprecations will be used. The default behavior for
disallowed deprecation warnings is `:raise`.

Also adds `ActiveSupport::Deprecation.allow` for thread-local, block level ignoring of deprecation warnings which would otherwise be disallowed by ActiveSupport::Deprecation.disallowed_warnings.

Fix CI failures due to MySQL 8.0.19 no longer output integer display width unless ZEROFILL is also used

https://buildkite.com/rails/rails/builds/66475#7a6c54bc-4ed3-4676-b196-4fee031f43bf

Fixes #38226.

Don't encourage using octals for dates and times

This could result in confusing errors or inconsistency for 08 and 09

fix typos

prevent helper_method from calling to_hash

`helper_method` was taking `**kwargs` on all definitions by default.
ruby will assume that this means you want keyword args and call
`to_hash` on what you pass if the object responds to `to_hash`. Instead
we should only take keyword args if the helper method defined intends
to pass keyword args.

This also fixes a warning when you pass a hash to your helper method,

```
warning: Using the last argument as keyword parameters is deprecated; maybe ** should be added to the call
```

Also, this would be a good candidate for using `...`, but since `send`
requires the method as the first argument, we can't use it here.

[ci skip]

Remove an empty line from generated migration

Currently, if you run `rails g migration remove_column_from_models`,
there is an empty line before `remove_column` line because we forgot to
use `-%>` in the template:

    $ bin/rails g migration remove_title_from_posts title:string
          invoke  active_record
          create    db/migrate/20200114061235_remove_title_from_posts.rb

    $ cat db/migrate/20200114061235_remove_title_from_posts.rb
    class RemoveTitleFromPosts < ActiveRecord::Migration[6.1]
      def change

        remove_column :posts, :title, :string
      end
    end

This commit adds the missing `-` in front of `-%>` to make it removes
the empty line.

Pass Benchmark.ms block through to realtime

https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/16485
https://github.com/ruby/ruby/pull/2832

Avoids pushing an extra stack frame.

https://buildkite.com/rails/rails/builds/66424#a1fdb92a-a9a0-4ff2-afc8-a59410cd4fdf/1016-1027

Fix CI error with minitest 5.14

Follow up to 2bf1c17c, which still left
this one failure. Minitest 5.14 uses error instead of exception, so
exception had been changed to just be the same UnexpectedError instance
and losing us the actual error message.

This also switches to initializing a new UnexpectedError instance
because previously, for reasons I can't quite figure out, reusing the
same instance would still give us a DRbConnError.

Add scale support to ActiveRecord::Validations::NumericalityValidator

Fix NoMethodError on ActiveSupport::Cache::RedisCacheStore#clear with…

Remove Ruby 2.7 warning on arg forwarding

Kwargs need to be forwarded for this method_missing to avoid warnings in Ruby 2.7.

https://github.com/rack/rack/compare/2.1.0...2.1.1

https://github.com/seattlerb/minitest/commit/5802aa08280a3609b684e0ebef95dabfbd3ec9ff
https://github.com/seattlerb/minitest/pull/809#discussion_r332399750

To support both 5.13.0 and 5.14.0, use `#initialize` instead.

https://github.com/janko/image_processing/pull/63

rack 2.1.0 changed expires date format from rfc2822 to httpdate