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!4179 添加hap编译构建指导文档

Merge pull request !4179 from lijunru/master
...@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ ...@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@
- [标准系统编译构建指导](subsys-build-standard-large.md) - [标准系统编译构建指导](subsys-build-standard-large.md)
- [构建系统编码规范与最佳实践](subsys-build-gn-coding-style-and-best-practice.md) - [构建系统编码规范与最佳实践](subsys-build-gn-coding-style-and-best-practice.md)
- [编译构建Kconfig可视化配置指导](subsys-build-gn-kconfig-visual-config-guide.md) - [编译构建Kconfig可视化配置指导](subsys-build-gn-kconfig-visual-config-guide.md)
- [HAP编译构建指导](subsys-build-gn-hap-compilation-guide.md)
- [分布式远程启动](subsys-remote-start.md) - [分布式远程启动](subsys-remote-start.md)
- 图形图像 - 图形图像
- [图形图像概述](subsys-graphics-overview.md) - [图形图像概述](subsys-graphics-overview.md)
...@@ -100,4 +101,4 @@ ...@@ -100,4 +101,4 @@
- [bytrace使用指导](subsys-toolchain-bytrace-guide.md) - [bytrace使用指导](subsys-toolchain-bytrace-guide.md)
- [hdc_std使用指导](subsys-toolchain-hdc-guide.md) - [hdc_std使用指导](subsys-toolchain-hdc-guide.md)
- [hiperf使用指导](subsys-toolchain-hiperf.md) - [hiperf使用指导](subsys-toolchain-hiperf.md)
- [XTS测试用例开发指导](subsys-xts-guide.md) - [XTS测试用例开发指导](subsys-xts-guide.md)
\ No newline at end of file
# HAP编译构建指导
## 概述
### 基本概念
| 术语 | 含义 |
| -------------- | ---------------------- |
| HAP | OpenHarmony Ability Package,一个HAP文件包含应用的所有内容,由代码、资源、三方库及应用配置文件组成,其文件后缀名为.hap。 |
| Ability | 应用的重要组成部分,是应用所具备能力的抽象。Ability是系统调度应用的最小单元,是能够完成一个独立功能的组件,一个应用可以包含一个或多个Ability。 |
| FA | Feature Ability,是FA模型的Ability框架下具有UI界面的Ability类型,用于与用户进行交互。Feature Ability唯一对应一种模板,即Page模板(Page Ability)。 |
| PA | Particle Ability,是在FA模型的Ability框架下无界面的Ability,主要为Feature Ability提供服务与支持,例如作为后台服务提供计算能力,或作为数据仓库提供数据访问能力。Particle Ability有三种模板,分别为Service模板(Service Ability)、Data模板(Data Ability)、以及Form模板(Form Ability)。 |
| FA模型 | 两种Ability框架模型结构的其中一种。是Ability框架在API 8及更早版本采用FA模型。FA模型将Ability分为FA(Feature Ability)和PA(Particle Ability)两种类型,其中FA支持Page Ability模板,PA支持Service ability、Data ability、以及Form ability模板。详情可参考[FA模型综述](../../application-dev/ability/fa-brief.md)。 |
| Stage模型 | 两种Ability框架模型结构的其中一种。从API 9开始支持。Stage模型将Ability分为Ability和ExtensionAbility两大类,其中ExtensionAbility又被扩展为ServiceExtensionAbility、FormExtensionAbility、DataShareExtensionAbility等等一系列ExtensionAbility。 |
### 功能简介
提供HAP编译构建功能,支持FA模型、Stage模型。
## 开发指导
### 编译系统提供的模板
#### ohos_hap
声明一个HAP目标,该目标会生成一个HAP,最终将会打包到system镜像中。
| 支持的变量 | 说明 |
| --------- | ---- |
| hap_profile | HAP的config.json,Stage模型对应module.json。 |
| raw_assets | 原始assets,这些assets会直接拷贝到HAP的assets目录下。 |
| resources | 资源文件,编译后放置在assets/entry/resources目录下 |
| js_assets | js资源,ace编译后放置在assets/js/default目录下。|
| ets_assets | ets资源,ace编译后放置在assets/js/default目录下 |
| deps | 当前目标的依赖 |
| shared_libraries | 当前目标依赖的native库 |
| hap_name | HAP的名字,可选,默认为目标名 |
| final_hap_path | 用户可以制定生成的HAP的位置,可选,final_hap_path中会覆盖hap_name。|
| subsystem_name | HAP从属的子系统名,需要和ohos.build中的名字对应,否则将导致无法安装到system镜像中。|
| part_name | HAP从属的部件名,同subsystem_name。|
| js2abc | 是否需要将该HAP的js代码转换为ARK的字节码。|
| ets2abc | 是否需要将该HAP的ets代码转换为ARK的字节码。|
| certificate_profile | HAP对应的授权文件,用于签名。|
| certificate_file | 证书文件,证书文件和授权文件,应用开发者需要去openharmony官网申请。|
| keystore_path | keystore文件,用于签名。|
| keystore_password | keystore的密码,用于签名。|
| key_alias | key的别名。|
| module_install_name | 安装时的HAP名称。|
| module_install_dir | 安装到system中的位置,默认安装在system/app目录下。|
| js_build_mode | 可选,用于配置HAP是“release”还是“debug”模型编译,默认“release”。|
#### ohos_app_scope
声明一个HAP的AppScope模块,该目标的app_profile和sources会在编译时拼接到具体的entry内编译,该模板只在Stage模型下使用。
| 支持的变量 | 说明 |
| --------- | ---- |
| app_profile | HAP的AppScope中的app.json,只在Stage模型下使用。|
| sources | HAP的AppScope中的资源resources,只在Stage模型下使用。|
#### ohos_js_assets
js或ets代码,ace编译后放置在assets/js/default目录下,stage模型根据代码分别放置到js或ets目录。
| 支持的变量 | 说明 |
| --------- | ---- |
| hap_profile | HAP的config.json,Stage模型对应module.json。|
| source_dir | js或ets代码路径,兼容FA模型的单ability配置到ability目录。|
| ets2abc | 当前为ets代码,主要用于卡片配置,其他应用可不配,使用ohos_hap中的配置。|
| js2abc | 当前为js代码,主要用于卡片配置,其他应用可不配,使用ohos_hap中的配置。|
#### ohos_assets
原始assets,这些assets会直接拷贝到HAP的assets目录下。
| 支持的变量 | 说明 |
|---------- | ---- |
| sources | 原始assets的路径。|
#### ohos_resources
资源文件,FA模型编译后放置在assets/entry/resources目录下,Stage模型编译后放置在resources目录下。
| 支持的变量 | 说明 |
| --------- | ---- |
| hap_profile | HAP的config.json,Stage模型对应module.json。|
| sources | 资源文件路径。|
| deps | 当前目标的依赖。Stage模型需要配置对ohos_app_scope目标的依赖。|
### 操作步骤
1. 将开发完成的应用example放到applications/standard/目录下。
2. 配置gn脚本applications/standard/example/BUILD.gn,FA模型简单示例如下(更多BUILD.gn配置见[gn脚本配置示例](#gn脚本配置示例)):
```
import("//build/ohos.gni") # 引用ohos.gni
ohos_hap("example") {
hap_profile = "./src/main/config.json" # config.json
js_assets = ["./src/main/js/default"]
raw_assets = ["./raw_assets"]
resources = ["./src/main/resources"]
shared_libraries = [
"//third_party/libpng:libpng", # native库
]
certificate_profile = "../signature/systemui.p7b" # Cer文件
hap_name = "SystemUI-NavigationBar" # 名字
part_name = "prebuilt_hap"
subsystem_name = "applications"
}
```
3. 修改applications/standard/hap/ohos.build,示例如下:
```
{
"subsystem": "applications",
"parts": {
"prebuilt_hap": {
"module_list": [
...
"//applications/standard/example:example" # 添加编译目标
]
}
}
}
```
4. 编译命令:
```
# 全量编译
./build.sh --product-name {product_name}
# 单独编译HAP
./build.sh --product-name {product_name} --build-target applications/standard/example:example
```
5. 编译产物,FA模型简单例子HAP解压视图如下:
```
Length Date Time Name
--------- ---------- ----- ----
1439 2009-01-01 00:00 assets/raw_assets -----> raw_assets
354 2009-01-01 00:00 assets/entry/resources.index ------> resources
1 2009-01-01 00:00 assets/entry/resources/base/media/attributes.key ------> resources
1 2009-01-01 00:00 assets/entry/resources/base/media/constants.key ------> resources
1 2009-01-01 00:00 assets/entry/resources/base/media/contents.key ------> resources
6790 2009-01-01 00:00 assets/entry/resources/base/media/icon.png ------> resources
1 2009-01-01 00:00 assets/entry/resources/base/media/nodes.key ------> resources
11170 2009-01-01 00:00 assets/js/default/app.js ------> js_assets
48 2009-01-01 00:00 assets/js/default/i18n/en-US.json ------> js_assets
50 2009-01-01 00:00 assets/js/default/i18n/zh-CN.json ------> js_assets
224 2009-01-01 00:00 assets/js/default/manifest.json ------> js_assets
41481 2009-01-01 00:00 assets/js/default/pages/index/index.js ------> js_assets
909 2009-01-01 00:00 config.json ------> hap_profile
266248 2009-01-01 00:00 libs/libpng.z.so ------> shared_libraries
```
### gn脚本配置示例
- FA模型多ability示例
```
import("//build/ohos.gni")
ohos_hap("dataability") {
hap_profile = "entry/src/main/config.json"
deps = [
":dataability_js_assets",
":dataability_resources",
]
certificate_profile = "signature/openharmony_sx.p7b"
hap_name = "dataability"
part_name = "prebuilt_hap"
subsystem_name = "applications"
}
ohos_js_assets("dataability_js_assets") {
ets2abc = true
source_dir = "entry/src/main/ets"
hap_profile = "entry/src/main/config.json"
}
ohos_resources("dataability_resources") {
sources = [
"entry/src/main/resources",
]
hap_profile = "entry/src/main/config.json"
}
```
- FA模型Js卡片示例
```
import("//build/ohos.gni")
ohos_hap("FormOfFaJs") {
hap_profile = "entry/src/main/config.json"
deps = [
":FormOfFaJs_js_assets",
":FormOfFaJs_resources",
]
certificate_profile = "signature/openharmony_sx.p7b"
hap_name = "FormOfFaJs"
part_name = "prebuilt_hap"
subsystem_name = "applications"
}
ohos_js_assets("FormOfFaJs_js_assets") {
hap_profile = "entry/src/main/config.json"
js2abc = true
source_dir = "entry/src/main/js"
}
ohos_resources("FormOfFaJs_resources") {
sources = [
"entry/src/main/resources",
]
hap_profile = "entry/src/main/config.json"
}
```
- FA模型Ets卡片示例
```
import("//build/ohos.gni")
ohos_hap("FormOfFaEts") {
hap_profile = "entry/src/main/config.json"
deps = [
":FormOfFaEts_js_assets",
":FormOfFaEts_form_js_assets",
":FormOfFaEts_resources",
]
certificate_profile = "signature/openharmony_sx.p7b"
hap_name = "FormOfFaEts"
part_name = "prebuilt_hap"
subsystem_name = "applications"
}
ohos_js_assets("FormOfFaEts_js_assets") {
hap_profile = "entry/src/main/config.json"
ets2abc = true
source_dir = "entry/src/main/ets"
}
ohos_js_assets("FormOfFaEts_form_js_assets") {
hap_profile = "entry/src/main/config.json"
js2abc = true
source_dir = "entry/src/main/js"
}
ohos_resources("FormOfFaEts_resources") {
sources = [
"entry/src/main/resources",
]
hap_profile = "entry/src/main/config.json"
}
```
- Stage模型简单示例
```
import("//build/ohos.gni")
ohos_hap("actmoduletest") {
hap_profile = "entry/src/main/module.json"
deps = [
":actmoduletest_js_assets",
":actmoduletest_resources",
]
certificate_profile = "signature/openharmony_sx.p7b"
hap_name = "actmoduletest"
part_name = "prebuilt_hap"
subsystem_name = "applications"
}
ohos_app_scope("actmoduletest_app_profile") {
app_profile = "AppScope/app.json"
sources = [ "AppScope/resources" ]
}
ohos_js_assets("actmoduletest_js_assets") {
ets2abc = true
source_dir = "entry/src/main/ets"
}
ohos_resources("actmoduletest_resources") {
sources = [
"entry/src/main/resources",
]
deps = [
":actmoduletest_app_profile",
]
hap_profile = "entry/src/main/module.json"
}
```
- Stage模型卡片示例
```
import("//build/ohos.gni")
ohos_hap("FormOfStageEts") {
hap_profile = "entry/src/main/module.json"
deps = [
":FormOfStageEts_js_assets",
":FormOfStageEts_form_js_assets",
":FormOfStageEts_resources",
]
js_build_mode = "debug" # 默认release
certificate_profile = "signature/openharmony_sx.p7b"
hap_name = "FormOfStageEts"
part_name = "prebuilt_hap"
subsystem_name = "applications"
}
ohos_js_assets("FormOfStageEts_js_assets") {
hap_profile = "entry/src/main/module.json"
ets2abc = true
source_dir = "entry/src/main/ets"
}
ohos_js_assets("FormOfStageEts_form_js_assets") {
hap_profile = "entry/src/main/module.json"
js2abc = true
source_dir = "entry/src/main/js"
}
ohos_app_scope("FormOfStageEts_app_profile") {
app_profile = "AppScope/app.json"
sources = [ "AppScope/resources" ]
}
ohos_resources("FormOfStageEts_resources") {
sources = [
"entry/src/main/resources",
]
deps = [
":FormOfStageEts_app_profile",
]
hap_profile = "entry/src/main/module.json"
}
```
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