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  1. 14 11月, 2005 2 次提交
  3. 11 11月, 2005 1 次提交
  5. 07 11月, 2005 1 次提交
  7. 30 10月, 2005 10 次提交
    • J
      [PATCH] mm: wider use of for_each_*cpu() · 2f96996d
      由 John Hawkes 提交于 
      In 'mm' change the explicit use of a for-loop using NR_CPUS into the
general for_each_cpu() constructs.  This widens the scope of potential
future optimizations of the general constructs, as well as takes advantage
of the existing optimizations of first_cpu() and next_cpu(), which is
advantageous when the true CPU count is much smaller than NR_CPUS.
Signed-off-by: NJohn Hawkes <hawkes@sgi.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
      2f96996d
    • D
      [PATCH] memory hotplug: sysfs and add/remove functions · 3947be19
      由 Dave Hansen 提交于 
      This adds generic memory add/remove and supporting functions for memory
hotplug into a new file as well as a memory hotplug kernel config option.

Individual architecture patches will follow.

For now, disable memory hotplug when swsusp is enabled.  There's a lot of
churn there right now.  We'll fix it up properly once it calms down.
Signed-off-by: NMatt Tolentino <matthew.e.tolentino@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: NDave Hansen <haveblue@us.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
      3947be19
    • D
      [PATCH] memory hotplug locking: zone span seqlock · bdc8cb98
      由 Dave Hansen 提交于 
      See the "fixup bad_range()" patch for more information, but this actually
creates a the lock to protect things making assumptions about a zone's size
staying constant at runtime.
Signed-off-by: NDave Hansen <haveblue@us.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
      bdc8cb98
    • D
      [PATCH] memory hotplug locking: node_size_lock · 208d54e5
      由 Dave Hansen 提交于 
      pgdat->node_size_lock is basically only neeeded in one place in the normal
code: show_mem(), which is the arch-specific sysrq-m printing function.

Strictly speaking, the architectures not doing memory hotplug do no need this
locking in show_mem().  However, they are all included for completeness.  This
should also make any future consolidation of all of the implementations a
little more straightforward.

This lock is also held in the sparsemem code during a memory removal, as
sections are invalidated.  This is the place there pfn_valid() is made false
for a memory area that's being removed.  The lock is only required when doing
pfn_valid() operations on memory which the user does not already have a
reference on the page, such as in show_mem().
Signed-off-by: NDave Hansen <haveblue@us.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
      208d54e5
    • D
      [PATCH] memory hotplug prep: fixup bad_range() · c6a57e19
      由 Dave Hansen 提交于 
      When doing memory hotplug operations, the size of existing zones can obviously
change.  This means that zone->zone_{start_pfn,spanned_pages} can change.

There are currently no locks that protect these structure members.  However,
they are rarely accessed at runtime.  Outside of swsusp, the only place that I
can find is bad_range().

So, split bad_range() up into two pieces: one that needs to be locked and
anther that doesn't.
Signed-off-by: NDave Hansen <haveblue@us.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
      c6a57e19
    • D
      [PATCH] memory hotplug prep: break out zone initialization · ed8ece2e
      由 Dave Hansen 提交于 
      If a zone is empty at boot-time and then hot-added to later, it needs to run
the same init code that would have been run on it at boot.

This patch breaks out zone table and per-cpu-pages functions for use by the
hotplug code.  You can almost see all of the free_area_init_core() function on
one page now.  :)
Signed-off-by: NDave Hansen <haveblue@us.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
      ed8ece2e
    • H
      [PATCH] mm: split page table lock · 4c21e2f2
      由 Hugh Dickins 提交于 
      Christoph Lameter demonstrated very poor scalability on the SGI 512-way, with
a many-threaded application which concurrently initializes different parts of
a large anonymous area.

This patch corrects that, by using a separate spinlock per page table page, to
guard the page table entries in that page, instead of using the mm's single
page_table_lock.  (But even then, page_table_lock is still used to guard page
table allocation, and anon_vma allocation.)

In this implementation, the spinlock is tucked inside the struct page of the
page table page: with a BUILD_BUG_ON in case it overflows - which it would in
the case of 32-bit PA-RISC with spinlock debugging enabled.

Splitting the lock is not quite for free: another cacheline access.  Ideally,
I suppose we would use split ptlock only for multi-threaded processes on
multi-cpu machines; but deciding that dynamically would have its own costs.
So for now enable it by config, at some number of cpus - since the Kconfig
language doesn't support inequalities, let preprocessor compare that with
NR_CPUS.  But I don't think it's worth being user-configurable: for good
testing of both split and unsplit configs, split now at 4 cpus, and perhaps
change that to 8 later.

There is a benefit even for singly threaded processes: kswapd can be attacking
one part of the mm while another part is busy faulting.
Signed-off-by: NHugh Dickins <hugh@veritas.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
      4c21e2f2
    • N
      [PATCH] core remove PageReserved · b5810039
      由 Nick Piggin 提交于 
      Remove PageReserved() calls from core code by tightening VM_RESERVED
handling in mm/ to cover PageReserved functionality.

PageReserved special casing is removed from get_page and put_page.

All setting and clearing of PageReserved is retained, and it is now flagged
in the page_alloc checks to help ensure we don't introduce any refcount
based freeing of Reserved pages.

MAP_PRIVATE, PROT_WRITE of VM_RESERVED regions is tentatively being
deprecated.  We never completely handled it correctly anyway, and is be
reintroduced in future if required (Hugh has a proof of concept).

Once PageReserved() calls are removed from kernel/power/swsusp.c, and all
arch/ and driver code, the Set and Clear calls, and the PG_reserved bit can
be trivially removed.

Last real user of PageReserved is swsusp, which uses PageReserved to
determine whether a struct page points to valid memory or not.  This still
needs to be addressed (a generic page_is_ram() should work).

A last caveat: the ZERO_PAGE is now refcounted and managed with rmap (and
thus mapcounted and count towards shared rss).  These writes to the struct
page could cause excessive cacheline bouncing on big systems.  There are a
number of ways this could be addressed if it is an issue.
Signed-off-by: NNick Piggin <npiggin@suse.de>

Refcount bug fix for filemap_xip.c
Signed-off-by: NCarsten Otte <cotte@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
      b5810039
    • S
      [PATCH] mm: set per-cpu-pages lower threshold to zero · e46a5e28
      由 Seth, Rohit 提交于 
      Set the low water mark for hot pages in pcp to zero.

(akpm: for the life of me I cannot remember why we created pcp->low.  Neither
can Martin and the changelog is silent.  Maybe it was just a brainfart, but I
have this feeling that there was a reason.  If not, we should remove the
fields completely.  We'll see.)
Signed-off-by: NRohit Seth <rohit.seth@intel.com>
Cc: <linux-mm@kvack.org>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
      e46a5e28
    • S
      [PATCH] mm: page_alloc: increase size of per-cpu-pages · ba56e91c
      由 Seth, Rohit 提交于 
      Increase the page allocator's per-cpu magazines from 1/4MB to 1/2MB.

Over 100+ runs for a workload, the difference in mean is about 2%.  The best
results for both are almost same.  Though the max variation in results with
1/2MB is only 2.2%, whereas with 1/4MB it is 12%.
Signed-off-by: NRohit Seth <rohit.seth@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
      ba56e91c
  9. 28 10月, 2005 2 次提交
  11. 27 10月, 2005 1 次提交
  13. 09 10月, 2005 1 次提交
  15. 13 9月, 2005 1 次提交
  17. 11 9月, 2005 1 次提交
  19. 08 9月, 2005 3 次提交
    • P
      [PATCH] cpusets: formalize intermediate GFP_KERNEL containment · 9bf2229f
      由 Paul Jackson 提交于 
      This patch makes use of the previously underutilized cpuset flag
'mem_exclusive' to provide what amounts to another layer of memory placement
resolution.  With this patch, there are now the following four layers of
memory placement available:

 1) The whole system (interrupt and GFP_ATOMIC allocations can use this),
 2) The nearest enclosing mem_exclusive cpuset (GFP_KERNEL allocations can use),
 3) The current tasks cpuset (GFP_USER allocations constrained to here), and
 4) Specific node placement, using mbind and set_mempolicy.

These nest - each layer is a subset (same or within) of the previous.

Layer (2) above is new, with this patch.  The call used to check whether a
zone (its node, actually) is in a cpuset (in its mems_allowed, actually) is
extended to take a gfp_mask argument, and its logic is extended, in the case
that __GFP_HARDWALL is not set in the flag bits, to look up the cpuset
hierarchy for the nearest enclosing mem_exclusive cpuset, to determine if
placement is allowed.  The definition of GFP_USER, which used to be identical
to GFP_KERNEL, is changed to also set the __GFP_HARDWALL bit, in the previous
cpuset_gfp_hardwall_flag patch.

GFP_ATOMIC and GFP_KERNEL allocations will stay within the current tasks
cpuset, so long as any node therein is not too tight on memory, but will
escape to the larger layer, if need be.

The intended use is to allow something like a batch manager to handle several
jobs, each job in its own cpuset, but using common kernel memory for caches
and such.  Swapper and oom_kill activity is also constrained to Layer (2).  A
task in or below one mem_exclusive cpuset should not cause swapping on nodes
in another non-overlapping mem_exclusive cpuset, nor provoke oom_killing of a
task in another such cpuset.  Heavy use of kernel memory for i/o caching and
such by one job should not impact the memory available to jobs in other
non-overlapping mem_exclusive cpusets.

This patch enables providing hardwall, inescapable cpusets for memory
allocations of each job, while sharing kernel memory allocations between
several jobs, in an enclosing mem_exclusive cpuset.

Like Dinakar's patch earlier to enable administering sched domains using the
cpu_exclusive flag, this patch also provides a useful meaning to a cpuset flag
that had previously done nothing much useful other than restrict what cpuset
configurations were allowed.
Signed-off-by: NPaul Jackson <pj@sgi.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
      9bf2229f
    • R
      [PATCH] Additions to .data.read_mostly section · 6c231b7b
      由 Ravikiran G Thirumalai 提交于 
      Mark variables which are usually accessed for reads with __readmostly.
Signed-off-by: NAlok N Kataria <alokk@calsoftinc.com>
Signed-off-by: NShai Fultheim <shai@scalex86.org>
Signed-off-by: NRavikiran Thirumalai <kiran@scalex86.org>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
      6c231b7b
    • C
      [PATCH] More __read_mostly variables · c3d8c141
      由 Christoph Lameter 提交于 
      Move some more frequently read variables that showed up during some of our
performance tests as sometimes ending up in hot cachelines to the
read_mostly section.

Fix: Move the __read_mostly from before hpet_usec_quotient to follow the
variable like the other uses of __read_mostly.
Signed-off-by: NAlok N Kataria <alokk@calsoftinc.com>
Signed-off-by: NChristoph Lameter <christoph@scalex86.org>
Signed-off-by: NShai Fultheim <shai@scalex86.org>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
      c3d8c141
  21. 05 9月, 2005 3 次提交
  23. 31 7月, 2005 1 次提交
  25. 28 7月, 2005 1 次提交
    • A
      [PATCH] Remove bogus warning in page_alloc.c · 12b1c5f3
      由 Andy Whitcroft 提交于 
      Originally __free_pages_bulk used the relative page number within a zone to
define its buddies.  This meant that to maintain the "maximally aligned"
requirements (that an allocation of size N will be aligned at least to N
physically) zones had to also be aligned to 1<<MAX_ORDER pages.  When
__free_pages_bulk was updated to use the relative page frame numbers of the
free'd pages to pair buddies this released the alignment constraint on the
'left' edge of the zone.  This allows _either_ edge of the zone to contain
partial MAX_ORDER sized buddies.  These simply never will have matching
buddies and thus will never make it to the 'top' of the pyramid.

The patch below removes a now redundant check ensuring that the mem_map was
aligned to MAX_ORDER.
Signed-off-by: NAndy Whitcroft <apw@shadowen.org>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <christoph@lameter.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
      12b1c5f3
  27. 08 7月, 2005 2 次提交
  29. 28 6月, 2005 1 次提交
  31. 24 6月, 2005 6 次提交
    • A
      [PATCH] sparsemem hotplug base · 29751f69
      由 Andy Whitcroft 提交于 
      Make sparse's initalization be accessible at runtime.  This allows sparse
mappings to be created after boot in a hotplug situation.

This patch is separated from the previous one just to give an indication how
much of the sparse infrastructure is *just* for hotplug memory.

The section_mem_map doesn't really store a pointer.  It stores something that
is convenient to do some math against to get a pointer.  It isn't valid to
just do *section_mem_map, so I don't think it should be stored as a pointer.

There are a couple of things I'd like to store about a section.  First of all,
the fact that it is !NULL does not mean that it is present.  There could be
such a combination where section_mem_map *is* NULL, but the math gets you
properly to a real mem_map.  So, I don't think that check is safe.

Since we're storing 32-bit-aligned structures, we have a few bits in the
bottom of the pointer to play with.  Use one bit to encode whether there's
really a mem_map there, and the other one to tell whether there's a valid
section there.  We need to distinguish between the two because sometimes
there's a gap between when a section is discovered to be present and when we
can get the mem_map for it.
Signed-off-by: NDave Hansen <haveblue@us.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndy Whitcroft <apw@shadowen.org>
Signed-off-by: NJack Steiner <steiner@sgi.com>
Signed-off-by: NBob Picco <bob.picco@hp.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
      29751f69
    • A
      [PATCH] sparsemem swiss cheese numa layouts · 641c7673
      由 Andy Whitcroft 提交于 
      The part of the sparsemem patch which modifies memmap_init_zone() has recently
become a problem.  It changes behavior so that there is a call to
pfn_to_page() for each individual page inside of a node's range:
node_start_pfn through node_end_pfn.  It used to simply do this once, at the
beginning of the node, but having sparsemem's non-contiguous mem_map[]s inside
of a node made it necessary to change.

Mike Kravetz recently wrote a patch which made the NUMA code accept some new
kinds of layouts.  The system's memory was laid out like this, with node 0's
memory in two pieces: one before and one after node 1's memory:

	Node 0: +++++     +++++
	Node 1:      +++++

Previous behavior before Mike's patch was to assign nodes like this:

	Node 0: 00000     XXXXX
	Node 1:      11111

Where the 'X' areas were simply thrown away.  The new behavior was to make the
pg_data_t span node 0 across all of its areas, including areas that are really
node 1's: Node 0: 000000000000000 Node 1: 11111

This wastes a little bit of mem_map space, but ends up being OK, and more
fully utilizes the system's memory.  memmap_init_zone() initializes all of the
"struct page"s for node 0, even for the "hole", but those never get used,
because there is no pfn_to_page() that resolves to those pages.  However, only
calling pfn_to_page() once, memmap_init_zone() always uses the pages that were
allocated for node0->node_mem_map because:

	struct page *start = pfn_to_page(start_pfn);
	// effectively start = &node->node_mem_map[0]
	for (page = start; page < (start + size); page++) {
		init_page_here();...
		page++;
	}

Slow, and wasteful, but generally harmless.

But, modify that to call pfn_to_page() for each loop iteration (like sparsemem
does):

	for (pfn = start_pfn; pfn < < (start_pfn + size); pfn++++) {
		page = pfn_to_page(pfn);
	}

And you end up trying to initialize node 1's pages too early, along with bogus
data from node 0.  This patch checks for those weird layouts and declines to
touch the pages, making the more frequent pfn_to_page() calls OK to do.
Signed-off-by: NDave Hansen <haveblue@us.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndy Whitcroft <apw@shadowen.org>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
      641c7673
    • A
      [PATCH] sparsemem memory model · d41dee36
      由 Andy Whitcroft 提交于 
      Sparsemem abstracts the use of discontiguous mem_maps[].  This kind of
mem_map[] is needed by discontiguous memory machines (like in the old
CONFIG_DISCONTIGMEM case) as well as memory hotplug systems.  Sparsemem
replaces DISCONTIGMEM when enabled, and it is hoped that it can eventually
become a complete replacement.

A significant advantage over DISCONTIGMEM is that it's completely separated
from CONFIG_NUMA.  When producing this patch, it became apparent in that NUMA
and DISCONTIG are often confused.

Another advantage is that sparse doesn't require each NUMA node's ranges to be
contiguous.  It can handle overlapping ranges between nodes with no problems,
where DISCONTIGMEM currently throws away that memory.

Sparsemem uses an array to provide different pfn_to_page() translations for
each SECTION_SIZE area of physical memory.  This is what allows the mem_map[]
to be chopped up.

In order to do quick pfn_to_page() operations, the section number of the page
is encoded in page->flags.  Part of the sparsemem infrastructure enables
sharing of these bits more dynamically (at compile-time) between the
page_zone() and sparsemem operations.  However, on 32-bit architectures, the
number of bits is quite limited, and may require growing the size of the
page->flags type in certain conditions.  Several things might force this to
occur: a decrease in the SECTION_SIZE (if you want to hotplug smaller areas of
memory), an increase in the physical address space, or an increase in the
number of used page->flags.

One thing to note is that, once sparsemem is present, the NUMA node
information no longer needs to be stored in the page->flags.  It might provide
speed increases on certain platforms and will be stored there if there is
room.  But, if out of room, an alternate (theoretically slower) mechanism is
used.

This patch introduces CONFIG_FLATMEM.  It is used in almost all cases where
there used to be an #ifndef DISCONTIG, because SPARSEMEM and DISCONTIGMEM
often have to compile out the same areas of code.
Signed-off-by: NAndy Whitcroft <apw@shadowen.org>
Signed-off-by: NDave Hansen <haveblue@us.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: NMartin Bligh <mbligh@aracnet.com>
Signed-off-by: NAdrian Bunk <bunk@stusta.de>
Signed-off-by: NYasunori Goto <y-goto@jp.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: NBob Picco <bob.picco@hp.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
      d41dee36
    • D
      [PATCH] Introduce new Kconfig option for NUMA or DISCONTIG · 93b7504e
      由 Dave Hansen 提交于 
      There is some confusion that arose when working on SPARSEMEM patch between
what is needed for DISCONTIG vs. NUMA.

Multiple pg_data_t's are needed for DISCONTIGMEM or NUMA, independently.
All of the current NUMA implementations require an implementation of
DISCONTIG.  Because of this, quite a lot of code which is really needed for
NUMA is actually under DISCONTIG #ifdefs.  For SPARSEMEM, we changed some
of these #ifdefs to CONFIG_NUMA, but that broke the DISCONTIG=y and NUMA=n
case.

Introducing this new NEED_MULTIPLE_NODES config option allows code that is
needed for both NUMA or DISCONTIG to be separated out from code that is
specific to DISCONTIG.

One great advantage of this approach is that it doesn't require every
architecture to be converted over.  All of the current implementations
should "just work", only the ones implementing SPARSEMEM will have to be
fixed up.

The change to free_area_init() makes it work inside, or out of the new
config option.
Signed-off-by: NDave Hansen <haveblue@us.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
      93b7504e
    • D
      [PATCH] sparsemem base: reorganize page->flags bit operations · 348f8b6c
      由 Dave Hansen 提交于 
      Generify the value fields in the page_flags.  The aim is to allow the location
and size of these fields to be varied.  Additionally we want to move away from
fixed allocations per field whilst still enforcing the overall bit utilisation
limits.  We rely on the compiler to spot and optimise the accessor functions.
Signed-off-by: NAndy Whitcroft <apw@shadowen.org>
Signed-off-by: NDave Hansen <haveblue@us.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
      348f8b6c
    • D
      [PATCH] sparsemem base: simple NUMA remap space allocator · 6f167ec7
      由 Dave Hansen 提交于 
      Introduce a simple allocator for the NUMA remap space.  This space is very
scarce, used for structures which are best allocated node local.

This mechanism is also used on non-NUMA ia64 systems with a vmem_map to keep
the pgdat->node_mem_map initialized in a consistent place for all
architectures.

Issues:
o alloc_remap takes a node_id where we might expect a pgdat which was intended
  to allow us to allocate the pgdat's using this mechanism; which we do not yet
  do.  Could have alloc_remap_node() and alloc_remap_nid() for this purpose.
Signed-off-by: NAndy Whitcroft <apw@shadowen.org>
Signed-off-by: NDave Hansen <haveblue@us.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
      6f167ec7
  33. 23 6月, 2005 1 次提交
  35. 22 6月, 2005 2 次提交