pci.c

/*
 *	PCI Bus Services, see include/linux/pci.h for further explanation.
 *
 *	Copyright 1993 -- 1997 Drew Eckhardt, Frederic Potter,
 *	David Mosberger-Tang
 *
 *	Copyright 1997 -- 2000 Martin Mares <mj@ucw.cz>
 */

#include <linux/kernel.h>
#include <linux/delay.h>
#include <linux/init.h>
#include <linux/pci.h>
#include <linux/pm.h>
#include <linux/slab.h>
#include <linux/module.h>
#include <linux/spinlock.h>
#include <linux/string.h>
#include <linux/log2.h>
#include <linux/pci-aspm.h>
#include <linux/pm_wakeup.h>
#include <linux/interrupt.h>
#include <linux/device.h>
#include <linux/pm_runtime.h>
#include <linux/pci_hotplug.h>
#include <asm-generic/pci-bridge.h>
#include <asm/setup.h>
#include "pci.h"

const char *pci_power_names[] = {
	"error", "D0", "D1", "D2", "D3hot", "D3cold", "unknown",
};
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(pci_power_names);

int isa_dma_bridge_buggy;
EXPORT_SYMBOL(isa_dma_bridge_buggy);

int pci_pci_problems;
EXPORT_SYMBOL(pci_pci_problems);

unsigned int pci_pm_d3_delay;

static void pci_pme_list_scan(struct work_struct *work);

static LIST_HEAD(pci_pme_list);
static DEFINE_MUTEX(pci_pme_list_mutex);
static DECLARE_DELAYED_WORK(pci_pme_work, pci_pme_list_scan);

struct pci_pme_device {
	struct list_head list;
	struct pci_dev *dev;
};

#define PME_TIMEOUT 1000 /* How long between PME checks */

static void pci_dev_d3_sleep(struct pci_dev *dev)
{
	unsigned int delay = dev->d3_delay;

	if (delay < pci_pm_d3_delay)
		delay = pci_pm_d3_delay;

	msleep(delay);
}

#ifdef CONFIG_PCI_DOMAINS
int pci_domains_supported = 1;
#endif

#define DEFAULT_CARDBUS_IO_SIZE		(256)
#define DEFAULT_CARDBUS_MEM_SIZE	(64*1024*1024)
/* pci=cbmemsize=nnM,cbiosize=nn can override this */
unsigned long pci_cardbus_io_size = DEFAULT_CARDBUS_IO_SIZE;
unsigned long pci_cardbus_mem_size = DEFAULT_CARDBUS_MEM_SIZE;

#define DEFAULT_HOTPLUG_IO_SIZE		(256)
#define DEFAULT_HOTPLUG_MEM_SIZE	(2*1024*1024)
/* pci=hpmemsize=nnM,hpiosize=nn can override this */
unsigned long pci_hotplug_io_size  = DEFAULT_HOTPLUG_IO_SIZE;
unsigned long pci_hotplug_mem_size = DEFAULT_HOTPLUG_MEM_SIZE;

enum pcie_bus_config_types pcie_bus_config = PCIE_BUS_TUNE_OFF;

/*
 * The default CLS is used if arch didn't set CLS explicitly and not
 * all pci devices agree on the same value.  Arch can override either
 * the dfl or actual value as it sees fit.  Don't forget this is
 * measured in 32-bit words, not bytes.
 */
u8 pci_dfl_cache_line_size = L1_CACHE_BYTES >> 2;
u8 pci_cache_line_size;

/*
 * If we set up a device for bus mastering, we need to check the latency
 * timer as certain BIOSes forget to set it properly.
 */
unsigned int pcibios_max_latency = 255;

/* If set, the PCIe ARI capability will not be used. */
static bool pcie_ari_disabled;

/**
 * pci_bus_max_busnr - returns maximum PCI bus number of given bus' children
 * @bus: pointer to PCI bus structure to search
 *
 * Given a PCI bus, returns the highest PCI bus number present in the set
 * including the given PCI bus and its list of child PCI buses.
 */
unsigned char pci_bus_max_busnr(struct pci_bus* bus)
{
	struct pci_bus *tmp;
	unsigned char max, n;

	max = bus->busn_res.end;
	list_for_each_entry(tmp, &bus->children, node) {
		n = pci_bus_max_busnr(tmp);
		if(n > max)
			max = n;
	}
	return max;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(pci_bus_max_busnr);

#ifdef CONFIG_HAS_IOMEM
void __iomem *pci_ioremap_bar(struct pci_dev *pdev, int bar)
{
	/*
	 * Make sure the BAR is actually a memory resource, not an IO resource
	 */
	if (!(pci_resource_flags(pdev, bar) & IORESOURCE_MEM)) {
		WARN_ON(1);
		return NULL;
	}
	return ioremap_nocache(pci_resource_start(pdev, bar),
				     pci_resource_len(pdev, bar));
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(pci_ioremap_bar);
#endif

#define PCI_FIND_CAP_TTL	48

static int __pci_find_next_cap_ttl(struct pci_bus *bus, unsigned int devfn,
				   u8 pos, int cap, int *ttl)
{
	u8 id;

	while ((*ttl)--) {
		pci_bus_read_config_byte(bus, devfn, pos, &pos);
		if (pos < 0x40)
			break;
		pos &= ~3;
		pci_bus_read_config_byte(bus, devfn, pos + PCI_CAP_LIST_ID,
					 &id);
		if (id == 0xff)
			break;
		if (id == cap)
			return pos;
		pos += PCI_CAP_LIST_NEXT;
	}
	return 0;
}

static int __pci_find_next_cap(struct pci_bus *bus, unsigned int devfn,
			       u8 pos, int cap)
{
	int ttl = PCI_FIND_CAP_TTL;

	return __pci_find_next_cap_ttl(bus, devfn, pos, cap, &ttl);
}

int pci_find_next_capability(struct pci_dev *dev, u8 pos, int cap)
{
	return __pci_find_next_cap(dev->bus, dev->devfn,
				   pos + PCI_CAP_LIST_NEXT, cap);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(pci_find_next_capability);

static int __pci_bus_find_cap_start(struct pci_bus *bus,
				    unsigned int devfn, u8 hdr_type)
{
	u16 status;

	pci_bus_read_config_word(bus, devfn, PCI_STATUS, &status);
	if (!(status & PCI_STATUS_CAP_LIST))
		return 0;

	switch (hdr_type) {
	case PCI_HEADER_TYPE_NORMAL:
	case PCI_HEADER_TYPE_BRIDGE:
		return PCI_CAPABILITY_LIST;
	case PCI_HEADER_TYPE_CARDBUS:
		return PCI_CB_CAPABILITY_LIST;
	default:
		return 0;
	}

	return 0;
}

/**
 * pci_find_capability - query for devices' capabilities
 * @dev: PCI device to query
 * @cap: capability code
 *
 * Tell if a device supports a given PCI capability.
 * Returns the address of the requested capability structure within the
 * device's PCI configuration space or 0 in case the device does not
 * support it.  Possible values for @cap:
 *
 *  %PCI_CAP_ID_PM           Power Management
 *  %PCI_CAP_ID_AGP          Accelerated Graphics Port
 *  %PCI_CAP_ID_VPD          Vital Product Data
 *  %PCI_CAP_ID_SLOTID       Slot Identification
 *  %PCI_CAP_ID_MSI          Message Signalled Interrupts
 *  %PCI_CAP_ID_CHSWP        CompactPCI HotSwap
 *  %PCI_CAP_ID_PCIX         PCI-X
 *  %PCI_CAP_ID_EXP          PCI Express
 */
int pci_find_capability(struct pci_dev *dev, int cap)
{
	int pos;

	pos = __pci_bus_find_cap_start(dev->bus, dev->devfn, dev->hdr_type);
	if (pos)
		pos = __pci_find_next_cap(dev->bus, dev->devfn, pos, cap);

	return pos;
}

/**
 * pci_bus_find_capability - query for devices' capabilities
 * @bus:   the PCI bus to query
 * @devfn: PCI device to query
 * @cap:   capability code
 *
 * Like pci_find_capability() but works for pci devices that do not have a
 * pci_dev structure set up yet.
 *
 * Returns the address of the requested capability structure within the
 * device's PCI configuration space or 0 in case the device does not
 * support it.
 */
int pci_bus_find_capability(struct pci_bus *bus, unsigned int devfn, int cap)
{
	int pos;
	u8 hdr_type;

	pci_bus_read_config_byte(bus, devfn, PCI_HEADER_TYPE, &hdr_type);

	pos = __pci_bus_find_cap_start(bus, devfn, hdr_type & 0x7f);
	if (pos)
		pos = __pci_find_next_cap(bus, devfn, pos, cap);

	return pos;
}

/**
 * pci_find_next_ext_capability - Find an extended capability
 * @dev: PCI device to query
 * @start: address at which to start looking (0 to start at beginning of list)
 * @cap: capability code
 *
 * Returns the address of the next matching extended capability structure
 * within the device's PCI configuration space or 0 if the device does
 * not support it.  Some capabilities can occur several times, e.g., the
 * vendor-specific capability, and this provides a way to find them all.
 */
int pci_find_next_ext_capability(struct pci_dev *dev, int start, int cap)
{
	u32 header;
	int ttl;
	int pos = PCI_CFG_SPACE_SIZE;

	/* minimum 8 bytes per capability */
	ttl = (PCI_CFG_SPACE_EXP_SIZE - PCI_CFG_SPACE_SIZE) / 8;

	if (dev->cfg_size <= PCI_CFG_SPACE_SIZE)
		return 0;

	if (start)
		pos = start;

	if (pci_read_config_dword(dev, pos, &header) != PCIBIOS_SUCCESSFUL)
		return 0;

	/*
	 * If we have no capabilities, this is indicated by cap ID,
	 * cap version and next pointer all being 0.
	 */
	if (header == 0)
		return 0;

	while (ttl-- > 0) {
		if (PCI_EXT_CAP_ID(header) == cap && pos != start)
			return pos;

		pos = PCI_EXT_CAP_NEXT(header);
		if (pos < PCI_CFG_SPACE_SIZE)
			break;

		if (pci_read_config_dword(dev, pos, &header) != PCIBIOS_SUCCESSFUL)
			break;
	}

	return 0;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(pci_find_next_ext_capability);

/**
 * pci_find_ext_capability - Find an extended capability
 * @dev: PCI device to query
 * @cap: capability code
 *
 * Returns the address of the requested extended capability structure
 * within the device's PCI configuration space or 0 if the device does
 * not support it.  Possible values for @cap:
 *
 *  %PCI_EXT_CAP_ID_ERR		Advanced Error Reporting
 *  %PCI_EXT_CAP_ID_VC		Virtual Channel
 *  %PCI_EXT_CAP_ID_DSN		Device Serial Number
 *  %PCI_EXT_CAP_ID_PWR		Power Budgeting
 */
int pci_find_ext_capability(struct pci_dev *dev, int cap)
{
	return pci_find_next_ext_capability(dev, 0, cap);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(pci_find_ext_capability);

static int __pci_find_next_ht_cap(struct pci_dev *dev, int pos, int ht_cap)
{
	int rc, ttl = PCI_FIND_CAP_TTL;
	u8 cap, mask;

	if (ht_cap == HT_CAPTYPE_SLAVE || ht_cap == HT_CAPTYPE_HOST)
		mask = HT_3BIT_CAP_MASK;
	else
		mask = HT_5BIT_CAP_MASK;

	pos = __pci_find_next_cap_ttl(dev->bus, dev->devfn, pos,
				      PCI_CAP_ID_HT, &ttl);
	while (pos) {
		rc = pci_read_config_byte(dev, pos + 3, &cap);
		if (rc != PCIBIOS_SUCCESSFUL)
			return 0;

		if ((cap & mask) == ht_cap)
			return pos;

		pos = __pci_find_next_cap_ttl(dev->bus, dev->devfn,
					      pos + PCI_CAP_LIST_NEXT,
					      PCI_CAP_ID_HT, &ttl);
	}

	return 0;
}
/**
 * pci_find_next_ht_capability - query a device's Hypertransport capabilities
 * @dev: PCI device to query
 * @pos: Position from which to continue searching
 * @ht_cap: Hypertransport capability code
 *
 * To be used in conjunction with pci_find_ht_capability() to search for
 * all capabilities matching @ht_cap. @pos should always be a value returned
 * from pci_find_ht_capability().
 *
 * NB. To be 100% safe against broken PCI devices, the caller should take
 * steps to avoid an infinite loop.
 */
int pci_find_next_ht_capability(struct pci_dev *dev, int pos, int ht_cap)
{
	return __pci_find_next_ht_cap(dev, pos + PCI_CAP_LIST_NEXT, ht_cap);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(pci_find_next_ht_capability);

/**
 * pci_find_ht_capability - query a device's Hypertransport capabilities
 * @dev: PCI device to query
 * @ht_cap: Hypertransport capability code
 *
 * Tell if a device supports a given Hypertransport capability.
 * Returns an address within the device's PCI configuration space
 * or 0 in case the device does not support the request capability.
 * The address points to the PCI capability, of type PCI_CAP_ID_HT,
 * which has a Hypertransport capability matching @ht_cap.
 */
int pci_find_ht_capability(struct pci_dev *dev, int ht_cap)
{
	int pos;

	pos = __pci_bus_find_cap_start(dev->bus, dev->devfn, dev->hdr_type);
	if (pos)
		pos = __pci_find_next_ht_cap(dev, pos, ht_cap);

	return pos;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(pci_find_ht_capability);

/**
 * pci_find_parent_resource - return resource region of parent bus of given region
 * @dev: PCI device structure contains resources to be searched
 * @res: child resource record for which parent is sought
 *
 *  For given resource region of given device, return the resource
 *  region of parent bus the given region is contained in.
 */
struct resource *
pci_find_parent_resource(const struct pci_dev *dev, struct resource *res)
{
	const struct pci_bus *bus = dev->bus;
	struct resource *r;
	int i;

	pci_bus_for_each_resource(bus, r, i) {
		if (!r)
			continue;
		if (res->start && resource_contains(r, res)) {

			/*
			 * If the window is prefetchable but the BAR is
			 * not, the allocator made a mistake.
			 */
			if (r->flags & IORESOURCE_PREFETCH &&
			    !(res->flags & IORESOURCE_PREFETCH))
				return NULL;

			/*
			 * If we're below a transparent bridge, there may
			 * be both a positively-decoded aperture and a
			 * subtractively-decoded region that contain the BAR.
			 * We want the positively-decoded one, so this depends
			 * on pci_bus_for_each_resource() giving us those
			 * first.
			 */
			return r;
		}
	}
	return NULL;
}

/**
 * pci_wait_for_pending - wait for @mask bit(s) to clear in status word @pos
 * @dev: the PCI device to operate on
 * @pos: config space offset of status word
 * @mask: mask of bit(s) to care about in status word
 *
 * Return 1 when mask bit(s) in status word clear, 0 otherwise.
 */
int pci_wait_for_pending(struct pci_dev *dev, int pos, u16 mask)
{
	int i;

	/* Wait for Transaction Pending bit clean */
	for (i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
		u16 status;
		if (i)
			msleep((1 << (i - 1)) * 100);

		pci_read_config_word(dev, pos, &status);
		if (!(status & mask))
			return 1;
	}

	return 0;
}

/**
 * pci_restore_bars - restore a devices BAR values (e.g. after wake-up)
 * @dev: PCI device to have its BARs restored
 *
 * Restore the BAR values for a given device, so as to make it
 * accessible by its driver.
 */
static void
pci_restore_bars(struct pci_dev *dev)
{
	int i;

	for (i = 0; i < PCI_BRIDGE_RESOURCES; i++)
		pci_update_resource(dev, i);
}

static struct pci_platform_pm_ops *pci_platform_pm;

int pci_set_platform_pm(struct pci_platform_pm_ops *ops)
{
	if (!ops->is_manageable || !ops->set_state || !ops->choose_state
	    || !ops->sleep_wake)
		return -EINVAL;
	pci_platform_pm = ops;
	return 0;
}

static inline bool platform_pci_power_manageable(struct pci_dev *dev)
{
	return pci_platform_pm ? pci_platform_pm->is_manageable(dev) : false;
}

static inline int platform_pci_set_power_state(struct pci_dev *dev,
                                                pci_power_t t)
{
	return pci_platform_pm ? pci_platform_pm->set_state(dev, t) : -ENOSYS;
}

static inline pci_power_t platform_pci_choose_state(struct pci_dev *dev)
{
	return pci_platform_pm ?
			pci_platform_pm->choose_state(dev) : PCI_POWER_ERROR;
}

static inline int platform_pci_sleep_wake(struct pci_dev *dev, bool enable)
{
	return pci_platform_pm ?
			pci_platform_pm->sleep_wake(dev, enable) : -ENODEV;
}

static inline int platform_pci_run_wake(struct pci_dev *dev, bool enable)
{
	return pci_platform_pm ?
			pci_platform_pm->run_wake(dev, enable) : -ENODEV;
}

/**
 * pci_raw_set_power_state - Use PCI PM registers to set the power state of
 *                           given PCI device
 * @dev: PCI device to handle.
 * @state: PCI power state (D0, D1, D2, D3hot) to put the device into.
 *
 * RETURN VALUE:
 * -EINVAL if the requested state is invalid.
 * -EIO if device does not support PCI PM or its PM capabilities register has a
 * wrong version, or device doesn't support the requested state.
 * 0 if device already is in the requested state.
 * 0 if device's power state has been successfully changed.
 */
static int pci_raw_set_power_state(struct pci_dev *dev, pci_power_t state)
{
	u16 pmcsr;
	bool need_restore = false;

	/* Check if we're already there */
	if (dev->current_state == state)
		return 0;

	if (!dev->pm_cap)
		return -EIO;

	if (state < PCI_D0 || state > PCI_D3hot)
		return -EINVAL;

	/* Validate current state:
	 * Can enter D0 from any state, but if we can only go deeper
	 * to sleep if we're already in a low power state
	 */
	if (state != PCI_D0 && dev->current_state <= PCI_D3cold
	    && dev->current_state > state) {
		dev_err(&dev->dev, "invalid power transition "
			"(from state %d to %d)\n", dev->current_state, state);
		return -EINVAL;
	}

	/* check if this device supports the desired state */
	if ((state == PCI_D1 && !dev->d1_support)
	   || (state == PCI_D2 && !dev->d2_support))
		return -EIO;

	pci_read_config_word(dev, dev->pm_cap + PCI_PM_CTRL, &pmcsr);

	/* If we're (effectively) in D3, force entire word to 0.
	 * This doesn't affect PME_Status, disables PME_En, and
	 * sets PowerState to 0.
	 */
	switch (dev->current_state) {
	case PCI_D0:
	case PCI_D1:
	case PCI_D2:
		pmcsr &= ~PCI_PM_CTRL_STATE_MASK;
		pmcsr |= state;
		break;
	case PCI_D3hot:
	case PCI_D3cold:
	case PCI_UNKNOWN: /* Boot-up */
		if ((pmcsr & PCI_PM_CTRL_STATE_MASK) == PCI_D3hot
		 && !(pmcsr & PCI_PM_CTRL_NO_SOFT_RESET))
			need_restore = true;
		/* Fall-through: force to D0 */
	default:
		pmcsr = 0;
		break;
	}

	/* enter specified state */
	pci_write_config_word(dev, dev->pm_cap + PCI_PM_CTRL, pmcsr);

	/* Mandatory power management transition delays */
	/* see PCI PM 1.1 5.6.1 table 18 */
	if (state == PCI_D3hot || dev->current_state == PCI_D3hot)
		pci_dev_d3_sleep(dev);
	else if (state == PCI_D2 || dev->current_state == PCI_D2)
		udelay(PCI_PM_D2_DELAY);

	pci_read_config_word(dev, dev->pm_cap + PCI_PM_CTRL, &pmcsr);
	dev->current_state = (pmcsr & PCI_PM_CTRL_STATE_MASK);
	if (dev->current_state != state && printk_ratelimit())
		dev_info(&dev->dev, "Refused to change power state, "
			"currently in D%d\n", dev->current_state);

	/*
	 * According to section 5.4.1 of the "PCI BUS POWER MANAGEMENT
	 * INTERFACE SPECIFICATION, REV. 1.2", a device transitioning
	 * from D3hot to D0 _may_ perform an internal reset, thereby
	 * going to "D0 Uninitialized" rather than "D0 Initialized".
	 * For example, at least some versions of the 3c905B and the
	 * 3c556B exhibit this behaviour.
	 *
	 * At least some laptop BIOSen (e.g. the Thinkpad T21) leave
	 * devices in a D3hot state at boot.  Consequently, we need to
	 * restore at least the BARs so that the device will be
	 * accessible to its driver.
	 */
	if (need_restore)
		pci_restore_bars(dev);

	if (dev->bus->self)
		pcie_aspm_pm_state_change(dev->bus->self);

	return 0;
}

/**
 * pci_update_current_state - Read PCI power state of given device from its
 *                            PCI PM registers and cache it
 * @dev: PCI device to handle.
 * @state: State to cache in case the device doesn't have the PM capability
 */
void pci_update_current_state(struct pci_dev *dev, pci_power_t state)
{
	if (dev->pm_cap) {
		u16 pmcsr;

		/*
		 * Configuration space is not accessible for device in
		 * D3cold, so just keep or set D3cold for safety
		 */
		if (dev->current_state == PCI_D3cold)
			return;
		if (state == PCI_D3cold) {
			dev->current_state = PCI_D3cold;
			return;
		}
		pci_read_config_word(dev, dev->pm_cap + PCI_PM_CTRL, &pmcsr);
		dev->current_state = (pmcsr & PCI_PM_CTRL_STATE_MASK);
	} else {
		dev->current_state = state;
	}
}

/**
 * pci_power_up - Put the given device into D0 forcibly
 * @dev: PCI device to power up
 */
void pci_power_up(struct pci_dev *dev)
{
	if (platform_pci_power_manageable(dev))
		platform_pci_set_power_state(dev, PCI_D0);

	pci_raw_set_power_state(dev, PCI_D0);
	pci_update_current_state(dev, PCI_D0);
}

/**
 * pci_platform_power_transition - Use platform to change device power state
 * @dev: PCI device to handle.
 * @state: State to put the device into.
 */
static int pci_platform_power_transition(struct pci_dev *dev, pci_power_t state)
{
	int error;

	if (platform_pci_power_manageable(dev)) {
		error = platform_pci_set_power_state(dev, state);
		if (!error)
			pci_update_current_state(dev, state);
	} else
		error = -ENODEV;

	if (error && !dev->pm_cap) /* Fall back to PCI_D0 */
		dev->current_state = PCI_D0;

	return error;
}

/**
 * pci_wakeup - Wake up a PCI device
 * @pci_dev: Device to handle.
 * @ign: ignored parameter
 */
static int pci_wakeup(struct pci_dev *pci_dev, void *ign)
{
	pci_wakeup_event(pci_dev);
	pm_request_resume(&pci_dev->dev);
	return 0;
}

/**
 * pci_wakeup_bus - Walk given bus and wake up devices on it
 * @bus: Top bus of the subtree to walk.
 */
static void pci_wakeup_bus(struct pci_bus *bus)
{
	if (bus)
		pci_walk_bus(bus, pci_wakeup, NULL);
}

/**
 * __pci_start_power_transition - Start power transition of a PCI device
 * @dev: PCI device to handle.
 * @state: State to put the device into.
 */
static void __pci_start_power_transition(struct pci_dev *dev, pci_power_t state)
{
	if (state == PCI_D0) {
		pci_platform_power_transition(dev, PCI_D0);
		/*
		 * Mandatory power management transition delays, see
		 * PCI Express Base Specification Revision 2.0 Section
		 * 6.6.1: Conventional Reset.  Do not delay for
		 * devices powered on/off by corresponding bridge,
		 * because have already delayed for the bridge.
		 */
		if (dev->runtime_d3cold) {
			msleep(dev->d3cold_delay);
			/*
			 * When powering on a bridge from D3cold, the
			 * whole hierarchy may be powered on into
			 * D0uninitialized state, resume them to give
			 * them a chance to suspend again
			 */
			pci_wakeup_bus(dev->subordinate);
		}
	}
}

/**
 * __pci_dev_set_current_state - Set current state of a PCI device
 * @dev: Device to handle
 * @data: pointer to state to be set
 */
static int __pci_dev_set_current_state(struct pci_dev *dev, void *data)
{
	pci_power_t state = *(pci_power_t *)data;

	dev->current_state = state;
	return 0;
}

/**
 * __pci_bus_set_current_state - Walk given bus and set current state of devices
 * @bus: Top bus of the subtree to walk.
 * @state: state to be set
 */
static void __pci_bus_set_current_state(struct pci_bus *bus, pci_power_t state)
{
	if (bus)
		pci_walk_bus(bus, __pci_dev_set_current_state, &state);
}

/**
 * __pci_complete_power_transition - Complete power transition of a PCI device
 * @dev: PCI device to handle.
 * @state: State to put the device into.
 *
 * This function should not be called directly by device drivers.
 */
int __pci_complete_power_transition(struct pci_dev *dev, pci_power_t state)
{
	int ret;

	if (state <= PCI_D0)
		return -EINVAL;
	ret = pci_platform_power_transition(dev, state);
	/* Power off the bridge may power off the whole hierarchy */
	if (!ret && state == PCI_D3cold)
		__pci_bus_set_current_state(dev->subordinate, PCI_D3cold);
	return ret;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(__pci_complete_power_transition);

/**
 * pci_set_power_state - Set the power state of a PCI device
 * @dev: PCI device to handle.
 * @state: PCI power state (D0, D1, D2, D3hot) to put the device into.
 *
 * Transition a device to a new power state, using the platform firmware and/or
 * the device's PCI PM registers.
 *
 * RETURN VALUE:
 * -EINVAL if the requested state is invalid.
 * -EIO if device does not support PCI PM or its PM capabilities register has a
 * wrong version, or device doesn't support the requested state.
 * 0 if device already is in the requested state.
 * 0 if device's power state has been successfully changed.
 */
int pci_set_power_state(struct pci_dev *dev, pci_power_t state)
{
	int error;

	/* bound the state we're entering */
	if (state > PCI_D3cold)
		state = PCI_D3cold;
	else if (state < PCI_D0)
		state = PCI_D0;
	else if ((state == PCI_D1 || state == PCI_D2) && pci_no_d1d2(dev))
		/*
		 * If the device or the parent bridge do not support PCI PM,
		 * ignore the request if we're doing anything other than putting
		 * it into D0 (which would only happen on boot).
		 */
		return 0;

	/* Check if we're already there */
	if (dev->current_state == state)
		return 0;

	__pci_start_power_transition(dev, state);

	/* This device is quirked not to be put into D3, so
	   don't put it in D3 */
	if (state >= PCI_D3hot && (dev->dev_flags & PCI_DEV_FLAGS_NO_D3))
		return 0;

	/*
	 * To put device in D3cold, we put device into D3hot in native
	 * way, then put device into D3cold with platform ops
	 */
	error = pci_raw_set_power_state(dev, state > PCI_D3hot ?
					PCI_D3hot : state);

	if (!__pci_complete_power_transition(dev, state))
		error = 0;
	/*
	 * When aspm_policy is "powersave" this call ensures
	 * that ASPM is configured.
	 */
	if (!error && dev->bus->self)
		pcie_aspm_powersave_config_link(dev->bus->self);

	return error;
}

/**
 * pci_choose_state - Choose the power state of a PCI device
 * @dev: PCI device to be suspended
 * @state: target sleep state for the whole system. This is the value
 *	that is passed to suspend() function.
 *
 * Returns PCI power state suitable for given device and given system
 * message.
 */

pci_power_t pci_choose_state(struct pci_dev *dev, pm_message_t state)
{
	pci_power_t ret;

	if (!dev->pm_cap)
		return PCI_D0;

	ret = platform_pci_choose_state(dev);
	if (ret != PCI_POWER_ERROR)
		return ret;

	switch (state.event) {
	case PM_EVENT_ON:
		return PCI_D0;
	case PM_EVENT_FREEZE:
	case PM_EVENT_PRETHAW:
		/* REVISIT both freeze and pre-thaw "should" use D0 */
	case PM_EVENT_SUSPEND:
	case PM_EVENT_HIBERNATE:
		return PCI_D3hot;
	default:
		dev_info(&dev->dev, "unrecognized suspend event %d\n",
			 state.event);
		BUG();
	}
	return PCI_D0;
}

EXPORT_SYMBOL(pci_choose_state);

#define PCI_EXP_SAVE_REGS	7


static struct pci_cap_saved_state *_pci_find_saved_cap(struct pci_dev *pci_dev,
						       u16 cap, bool extended)
{
	struct pci_cap_saved_state *tmp;

	hlist_for_each_entry(tmp, &pci_dev->saved_cap_space, next) {
		if (tmp->cap.cap_extended == extended && tmp->cap.cap_nr == cap)
			return tmp;
	}
	return NULL;
}

struct pci_cap_saved_state *pci_find_saved_cap(struct pci_dev *dev, char cap)
{
	return _pci_find_saved_cap(dev, cap, false);
}

struct pci_cap_saved_state *pci_find_saved_ext_cap(struct pci_dev *dev, u16 cap)
{
	return _pci_find_saved_cap(dev, cap, true);
}

static int pci_save_pcie_state(struct pci_dev *dev)
{
	int i = 0;
	struct pci_cap_saved_state *save_state;
	u16 *cap;

	if (!pci_is_pcie(dev))
		return 0;

	save_state = pci_find_saved_cap(dev, PCI_CAP_ID_EXP);
	if (!save_state) {
		dev_err(&dev->dev, "buffer not found in %s\n", __func__);
		return -ENOMEM;
	}

	cap = (u16 *)&save_state->cap.data[0];
	pcie_capability_read_word(dev, PCI_EXP_DEVCTL, &cap[i++]);
	pcie_capability_read_word(dev, PCI_EXP_LNKCTL, &cap[i++]);
	pcie_capability_read_word(dev, PCI_EXP_SLTCTL, &cap[i++]);
	pcie_capability_read_word(dev, PCI_EXP_RTCTL,  &cap[i++]);
	pcie_capability_read_word(dev, PCI_EXP_DEVCTL2, &cap[i++]);
	pcie_capability_read_word(dev, PCI_EXP_LNKCTL2, &cap[i++]);
	pcie_capability_read_word(dev, PCI_EXP_SLTCTL2, &cap[i++]);

	return 0;
}

static void pci_restore_pcie_state(struct pci_dev *dev)
{
	int i = 0;
	struct pci_cap_saved_state *save_state;
	u16 *cap;

	save_state = pci_find_saved_cap(dev, PCI_CAP_ID_EXP);
	if (!save_state)
		return;

	cap = (u16 *)&save_state->cap.data[0];
	pcie_capability_write_word(dev, PCI_EXP_DEVCTL, cap[i++]);
	pcie_capability_write_word(dev, PCI_EXP_LNKCTL, cap[i++]);
	pcie_capability_write_word(dev, PCI_EXP_SLTCTL, cap[i++]);
	pcie_capability_write_word(dev, PCI_EXP_RTCTL, cap[i++]);
	pcie_capability_write_word(dev, PCI_EXP_DEVCTL2, cap[i++]);
	pcie_capability_write_word(dev, PCI_EXP_LNKCTL2, cap[i++]);
	pcie_capability_write_word(dev, PCI_EXP_SLTCTL2, cap[i++]);
}


static int pci_save_pcix_state(struct pci_dev *dev)
{
	int pos;
	struct pci_cap_saved_state *save_state;

	pos = pci_find_capability(dev, PCI_CAP_ID_PCIX);
	if (pos <= 0)
		return 0;

	save_state = pci_find_saved_cap(dev, PCI_CAP_ID_PCIX);
	if (!save_state) {
		dev_err(&dev->dev, "buffer not found in %s\n", __func__);
		return -ENOMEM;
	}

	pci_read_config_word(dev, pos + PCI_X_CMD,
			     (u16 *)save_state->cap.data);

	return 0;
}

static void pci_restore_pcix_state(struct pci_dev *dev)
{
	int i = 0, pos;
	struct pci_cap_saved_state *save_state;
	u16 *cap;

	save_state = pci_find_saved_cap(dev, PCI_CAP_ID_PCIX);
	pos = pci_find_capability(dev, PCI_CAP_ID_PCIX);
	if (!save_state || pos <= 0)
		return;
	cap = (u16 *)&save_state->cap.data[0];

	pci_write_config_word(dev, pos + PCI_X_CMD, cap[i++]);
}


/**
 * pci_save_state - save the PCI configuration space of a device before suspending
 * @dev: - PCI device that we're dealing with
 */
int
pci_save_state(struct pci_dev *dev)
{
	int i;
	/* XXX: 100% dword access ok here? */
	for (i = 0; i < 16; i++)
		pci_read_config_dword(dev, i * 4, &dev->saved_config_space[i]);
	dev->state_saved = true;
	if ((i = pci_save_pcie_state(dev)) != 0)
		return i;
	if ((i = pci_save_pcix_state(dev)) != 0)
		return i;
	if ((i = pci_save_vc_state(dev)) != 0)
		return i;
	return 0;
}

static void pci_restore_config_dword(struct pci_dev *pdev, int offset,
				     u32 saved_val, int retry)
{
	u32 val;

	pci_read_config_dword(pdev, offset, &val);
	if (val == saved_val)
		return;

	for (;;) {
		dev_dbg(&pdev->dev, "restoring config space at offset "
			"%#x (was %#x, writing %#x)\n", offset, val, saved_val);
		pci_write_config_dword(pdev, offset, saved_val);
		if (retry-- <= 0)
			return;

		pci_read_config_dword(pdev, offset, &val);
		if (val == saved_val)
			return;

		mdelay(1);
	}
}

static void pci_restore_config_space_range(struct pci_dev *pdev,
					   int start, int end, int retry)
{
	int index;

	for (index = end; index >= start; index--)
		pci_restore_config_dword(pdev, 4 * index,
					 pdev->saved_config_space[index],
					 retry);
}

static void pci_restore_config_space(struct pci_dev *pdev)
{
	if (pdev->hdr_type == PCI_HEADER_TYPE_NORMAL) {
		pci_restore_config_space_range(pdev, 10, 15, 0);
		/* Restore BARs before the command register. */
		pci_restore_config_space_range(pdev, 4, 9, 10);
		pci_restore_config_space_range(pdev, 0, 3, 0);
	} else {
		pci_restore_config_space_range(pdev, 0, 15, 0);
	}
}

/**
 * pci_restore_state - Restore the saved state of a PCI device
 * @dev: - PCI device that we're dealing with
 */
void pci_restore_state(struct pci_dev *dev)
{
	if (!dev->state_saved)
		return;

	/* PCI Express register must be restored first */
	pci_restore_pcie_state(dev);
	pci_restore_ats_state(dev);
	pci_restore_vc_state(dev);

	pci_restore_config_space(dev);

	pci_restore_pcix_state(dev);
	pci_restore_msi_state(dev);
	pci_restore_iov_state(dev);

	dev->state_saved = false;
}

struct pci_saved_state {
	u32 config_space[16];
	struct pci_cap_saved_data cap[0];
};

/**
 * pci_store_saved_state - Allocate and return an opaque struct containing
 *			   the device saved state.
 * @dev: PCI device that we're dealing with
 *
 * Return NULL if no state or error.
 */
struct pci_saved_state *pci_store_saved_state(struct pci_dev *dev)
{
	struct pci_saved_state *state;
	struct pci_cap_saved_state *tmp;
	struct pci_cap_saved_data *cap;
	size_t size;

	if (!dev->state_saved)
		return NULL;

	size = sizeof(*state) + sizeof(struct pci_cap_saved_data);

	hlist_for_each_entry(tmp, &dev->saved_cap_space, next)
		size += sizeof(struct pci_cap_saved_data) + tmp->cap.size;

	state = kzalloc(size, GFP_KERNEL);
	if (!state)
		return NULL;

	memcpy(state->config_space, dev->saved_config_space,
	       sizeof(state->config_space));

	cap = state->cap;
	hlist_for_each_entry(tmp, &dev->saved_cap_space, next) {
		size_t len = sizeof(struct pci_cap_saved_data) + tmp->cap.size;
		memcpy(cap, &tmp->cap, len);
		cap = (struct pci_cap_saved_data *)((u8 *)cap + len);
	}
	/* Empty cap_save terminates list */

	return state;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(pci_store_saved_state);

/**
 * pci_load_saved_state - Reload the provided save state into struct pci_dev.
 * @dev: PCI device that we're dealing with
 * @state: Saved state returned from pci_store_saved_state()
 */
static int pci_load_saved_state(struct pci_dev *dev,
				struct pci_saved_state *state)
{
	struct pci_cap_saved_data *cap;

	dev->state_saved = false;

	if (!state)
		return 0;

	memcpy(dev->saved_config_space, state->config_space,
	       sizeof(state->config_space));

	cap = state->cap;
	while (cap->size) {
		struct pci_cap_saved_state *tmp;

		tmp = _pci_find_saved_cap(dev, cap->cap_nr, cap->cap_extended);
		if (!tmp || tmp->cap.size != cap->size)
			return -EINVAL;

		memcpy(tmp->cap.data, cap->data, tmp->cap.size);
		cap = (struct pci_cap_saved_data *)((u8 *)cap +
		       sizeof(struct pci_cap_saved_data) + cap->size);
	}

	dev->state_saved = true;
	return 0;
}

/**
 * pci_load_and_free_saved_state - Reload the save state pointed to by state,
 *				   and free the memory allocated for it.
 * @dev: PCI device that we're dealing with
 * @state: Pointer to saved state returned from pci_store_saved_state()
 */
int pci_load_and_free_saved_state(struct pci_dev *dev,
				  struct pci_saved_state **state)
{
	int ret = pci_load_saved_state(dev, *state);
	kfree(*state);
	*state = NULL;
	return ret;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(pci_load_and_free_saved_state);

int __weak pcibios_enable_device(struct pci_dev *dev, int bars)
{
	return pci_enable_resources(dev, bars);
}

static int do_pci_enable_device(struct pci_dev *dev, int bars)
{
	int err;
	u16 cmd;
	u8 pin;

	err = pci_set_power_state(dev, PCI_D0);
	if (err < 0 && err != -EIO)
		return err;
	err = pcibios_enable_device(dev, bars);
	if (err < 0)
		return err;
	pci_fixup_device(pci_fixup_enable, dev);

	if (dev->msi_enabled || dev->msix_enabled)
		return 0;

	pci_read_config_byte(dev, PCI_INTERRUPT_PIN, &pin);
	if (pin) {
		pci_read_config_word(dev, PCI_COMMAND, &cmd);
		if (cmd & PCI_COMMAND_INTX_DISABLE)
			pci_write_config_word(dev, PCI_COMMAND,
					      cmd & ~PCI_COMMAND_INTX_DISABLE);
	}

	return 0;
}

/**
 * pci_reenable_device - Resume abandoned device
 * @dev: PCI device to be resumed
 *
 *  Note this function is a backend of pci_default_resume and is not supposed
 *  to be called by normal code, write proper resume handler and use it instead.
 */
int pci_reenable_device(struct pci_dev *dev)
{
	if (pci_is_enabled(dev))
		return do_pci_enable_device(dev, (1 << PCI_NUM_RESOURCES) - 1);
	return 0;
}

static void pci_enable_bridge(struct pci_dev *dev)
{
	struct pci_dev *bridge;
	int retval;

	bridge = pci_upstream_bridge(dev);
	if (bridge)
		pci_enable_bridge(bridge);

	if (pci_is_enabled(dev)) {
		if (!dev->is_busmaster)
			pci_set_master(dev);
		return;
	}

	retval = pci_enable_device(dev);
	if (retval)
		dev_err(&dev->dev, "Error enabling bridge (%d), continuing\n",
			retval);
	pci_set_master(dev);
}

static int pci_enable_device_flags(struct pci_dev *dev, unsigned long flags)
{
	struct pci_dev *bridge;
	int err;
	int i, bars = 0;

	/*
	 * Power state could be unknown at this point, either due to a fresh
	 * boot or a device removal call.  So get the current power state
	 * so that things like MSI message writing will behave as expected
	 * (e.g. if the device really is in D0 at enable time).
	 */
	if (dev->pm_cap) {
		u16 pmcsr;
		pci_read_config_word(dev, dev->pm_cap + PCI_PM_CTRL, &pmcsr);
		dev->current_state = (pmcsr & PCI_PM_CTRL_STATE_MASK);
	}

	if (atomic_inc_return(&dev->enable_cnt) > 1)
		return 0;		/* already enabled */

	bridge = pci_upstream_bridge(dev);
	if (bridge)
		pci_enable_bridge(bridge);

	/* only skip sriov related */
	for (i = 0; i <= PCI_ROM_RESOURCE; i++)
		if (dev->resource[i].flags & flags)
			bars |= (1 << i);
	for (i = PCI_BRIDGE_RESOURCES; i < DEVICE_COUNT_RESOURCE; i++)
		if (dev->resource[i].flags & flags)
			bars |= (1 << i);

	err = do_pci_enable_device(dev, bars);
	if (err < 0)
		atomic_dec(&dev->enable_cnt);
	return err;
}

/**
 * pci_enable_device_io - Initialize a device for use with IO space
 * @dev: PCI device to be initialized
 *
 *  Initialize device before it's used by a driver. Ask low-level code
 *  to enable I/O resources. Wake up the device if it was suspended.
 *  Beware, this function can fail.
 */
int pci_enable_device_io(struct pci_dev *dev)
{
	return pci_enable_device_flags(dev, IORESOURCE_IO);
}

/**
 * pci_enable_device_mem - Initialize a device for use with Memory space
 * @dev: PCI device to be initialized
 *
 *  Initialize device before it's used by a driver. Ask low-level code
 *  to enable Memory resources. Wake up the device if it was suspended.
 *  Beware, this function can fail.
 */
int pci_enable_device_mem(struct pci_dev *dev)
{
	return pci_enable_device_flags(dev, IORESOURCE_MEM);
}

/**
 * pci_enable_device - Initialize device before it's used by a driver.
 * @dev: PCI device to be initialized
 *
 *  Initialize device before it's used by a driver. Ask low-level code
 *  to enable I/O and memory. Wake up the device if it was suspended.
 *  Beware, this function can fail.
 *
 *  Note we don't actually enable the device many times if we call
 *  this function repeatedly (we just increment the count).
 */
int pci_enable_device(struct pci_dev *dev)
{
	return pci_enable_device_flags(dev, IORESOURCE_MEM | IORESOURCE_IO);
}

/*
 * Managed PCI resources.  This manages device on/off, intx/msi/msix
 * on/off and BAR regions.  pci_dev itself records msi/msix status, so
 * there's no need to track it separately.  pci_devres is initialized
 * when a device is enabled using managed PCI device enable interface.
 */
struct pci_devres {
	unsigned int enabled:1;
	unsigned int pinned:1;
	unsigned int orig_intx:1;
	unsigned int restore_intx:1;
	u32 region_mask;
};

static void pcim_release(struct device *gendev, void *res)
{
	struct pci_dev *dev = container_of(gendev, struct pci_dev, dev);
	struct pci_devres *this = res;
	int i;

	if (dev->msi_enabled)
		pci_disable_msi(dev);
	if (dev->msix_enabled)
		pci_disable_msix(dev);

	for (i = 0; i < DEVICE_COUNT_RESOURCE; i++)
		if (this->region_mask & (1 << i))
			pci_release_region(dev, i);

	if (this->restore_intx)
		pci_intx(dev, this->orig_intx);

	if (this->enabled && !this->pinned)
		pci_disable_device(dev);
}

static struct pci_devres * get_pci_dr(struct pci_dev *pdev)
{
	struct pci_devres *dr, *new_dr;

	dr = devres_find(&pdev->dev, pcim_release, NULL, NULL);
	if (dr)
		return dr;

	new_dr = devres_alloc(pcim_release, sizeof(*new_dr), GFP_KERNEL);
	if (!new_dr)
		return NULL;
	return devres_get(&pdev->dev, new_dr, NULL, NULL);
}

static struct pci_devres * find_pci_dr(struct pci_dev *pdev)
{
	if (pci_is_managed(pdev))
		return devres_find(&pdev->dev, pcim_release, NULL, NULL);
	return NULL;
}

/**
 * pcim_enable_device - Managed pci_enable_device()
 * @pdev: PCI device to be initialized
 *
 * Managed pci_enable_device().
 */
int pcim_enable_device(struct pci_dev *pdev)
{
	struct pci_devres *dr;
	int rc;

	dr = get_pci_dr(pdev);
	if (unlikely(!dr))
		return -ENOMEM;
	if (dr->enabled)
		return 0;

	rc = pci_enable_device(pdev);
	if (!rc) {
		pdev->is_managed = 1;
		dr->enabled = 1;
	}
	return rc;
}

/**
 * pcim_pin_device - Pin managed PCI device
 * @pdev: PCI device to pin
 *
 * Pin managed PCI device @pdev.  Pinned device won't be disabled on
 * driver detach.  @pdev must have been enabled with
 * pcim_enable_device().
 */
void pcim_pin_device(struct pci_dev *pdev)
{
	struct pci_devres *dr;

	dr = find_pci_dr(pdev);
	WARN_ON(!dr || !dr->enabled);
	if (dr)
		dr->pinned = 1;
}

/*
 * pcibios_add_device - provide arch specific hooks when adding device dev
 * @dev: the PCI device being added
 *
 * Permits the platform to provide architecture specific functionality when
 * devices are added. This is the default implementation. Architecture
 * implementations can override this.
 */
int __weak pcibios_add_device (struct pci_dev *dev)
{
	return 0;
}

/**
 * pcibios_release_device - provide arch specific hooks when releasing device dev
 * @dev: the PCI device being released
 *
 * Permits the platform to provide architecture specific functionality when
 * devices are released. This is the default implementation. Architecture
 * implementations can override this.
 */
void __weak pcibios_release_device(struct pci_dev *dev) {}

/**
 * pcibios_disable_device - disable arch specific PCI resources for device dev
 * @dev: the PCI device to disable
 *
 * Disables architecture specific PCI resources for the device. This
 * is the default implementation. Architecture implementations can
 * override this.
 */
void __weak pcibios_disable_device (struct pci_dev *dev) {}

/**
 * pcibios_penalize_isa_irq - penalize an ISA IRQ
 * @irq: ISA IRQ to penalize
 * @active: IRQ active or not
 *
 * Permits the platform to provide architecture-specific functionality when
 * penalizing ISA IRQs. This is the default implementation. Architecture
 * implementations can override this.
 */
void __weak pcibios_penalize_isa_irq(int irq, int active) {}

static void do_pci_disable_device(struct pci_dev *dev)
{
	u16 pci_command;

	pci_read_config_word(dev, PCI_COMMAND, &pci_command);
	if (pci_command & PCI_COMMAND_MASTER) {
		pci_command &= ~PCI_COMMAND_MASTER;
		pci_write_config_word(dev, PCI_COMMAND, pci_command);
	}

	pcibios_disable_device(dev);
}

/**
 * pci_disable_enabled_device - Disable device without updating enable_cnt
 * @dev: PCI device to disable
 *
 * NOTE: This function is a backend of PCI power management routines and is
 * not supposed to be called drivers.
 */
void pci_disable_enabled_device(struct pci_dev *dev)
{
	if (pci_is_enabled(dev))
		do_pci_disable_device(dev);
}

/**
 * pci_disable_device - Disable PCI device after use
 * @dev: PCI device to be disabled
 *
 * Signal to the system that the PCI device is not in use by the system
 * anymore.  This only involves disabling PCI bus-mastering, if active.
 *
 * Note we don't actually disable the device until all callers of
 * pci_enable_device() have called pci_disable_device().
 */
void
pci_disable_device(struct pci_dev *dev)
{
	struct pci_devres *dr;

	dr = find_pci_dr(dev);
	if (dr)
		dr->enabled = 0;

	dev_WARN_ONCE(&dev->dev, atomic_read(&dev->enable_cnt) <= 0,
		      "disabling already-disabled device");

	if (atomic_dec_return(&dev->enable_cnt) != 0)
		return;

	do_pci_disable_device(dev);

	dev->is_busmaster = 0;
}

/**
 * pcibios_set_pcie_reset_state - set reset state for device dev
 * @dev: the PCIe device reset
 * @state: Reset state to enter into
 *
 *
 * Sets the PCIe reset state for the device. This is the default
 * implementation. Architecture implementations can override this.
 */
int __weak pcibios_set_pcie_reset_state(struct pci_dev *dev,
					enum pcie_reset_state state)
{
	return -EINVAL;
}

/**
 * pci_set_pcie_reset_state - set reset state for device dev
 * @dev: the PCIe device reset
 * @state: Reset state to enter into
 *
 *
 * Sets the PCI reset state for the device.
 */
int pci_set_pcie_reset_state(struct pci_dev *dev, enum pcie_reset_state state)
{
	return pcibios_set_pcie_reset_state(dev, state);
}

/**
 * pci_check_pme_status - Check if given device has generated PME.
 * @dev: Device to check.
 *
 * Check the PME status of the device and if set, clear it and clear PME enable
 * (if set).  Return 'true' if PME status and PME enable were both set or
 * 'false' otherwise.
 */
bool pci_check_pme_status(struct pci_dev *dev)
{
	int pmcsr_pos;
	u16 pmcsr;
	bool ret = false;

	if (!dev->pm_cap)
		return false;

	pmcsr_pos = dev->pm_cap + PCI_PM_CTRL;
	pci_read_config_word(dev, pmcsr_pos, &pmcsr);
	if (!(pmcsr & PCI_PM_CTRL_PME_STATUS))
		return false;

	/* Clear PME status. */
	pmcsr |= PCI_PM_CTRL_PME_STATUS;
	if (pmcsr & PCI_PM_CTRL_PME_ENABLE) {
		/* Disable PME to avoid interrupt flood. */
		pmcsr &= ~PCI_PM_CTRL_PME_ENABLE;
		ret = true;
	}

	pci_write_config_word(dev, pmcsr_pos, pmcsr);

	return ret;
}

/**
 * pci_pme_wakeup - Wake up a PCI device if its PME Status bit is set.
 * @dev: Device to handle.
 * @pme_poll_reset: Whether or not to reset the device's pme_poll flag.
 *
 * Check if @dev has generated PME and queue a resume request for it in that
 * case.
 */
static int pci_pme_wakeup(struct pci_dev *dev, void *pme_poll_reset)
{
	if (pme_poll_reset && dev->pme_poll)
		dev->pme_poll = false;

	if (pci_check_pme_status(dev)) {
		pci_wakeup_event(dev);
		pm_request_resume(&dev->dev);
	}
	return 0;
}

/**
 * pci_pme_wakeup_bus - Walk given bus and wake up devices on it, if necessary.
 * @bus: Top bus of the subtree to walk.
 */
void pci_pme_wakeup_bus(struct pci_bus *bus)
{
	if (bus)
		pci_walk_bus(bus, pci_pme_wakeup, (void *)true);
}


/**
 * pci_pme_capable - check the capability of PCI device to generate PME#
 * @dev: PCI device to handle.
 * @state: PCI state from which device will issue PME#.
 */
bool pci_pme_capable(struct pci_dev *dev, pci_power_t state)
{
	if (!dev->pm_cap)
		return false;

	return !!(dev->pme_support & (1 << state));
}

static void pci_pme_list_scan(struct work_struct *work)
{
	struct pci_pme_device *pme_dev, *n;

	mutex_lock(&pci_pme_list_mutex);
	list_for_each_entry_safe(pme_dev, n, &pci_pme_list, list) {
		if (pme_dev->dev->pme_poll) {
			struct pci_dev *bridge;

			bridge = pme_dev->dev->bus->self;
			/*
			 * If bridge is in low power state, the
			 * configuration space of subordinate devices
			 * may be not accessible
			 */
			if (bridge && bridge->current_state != PCI_D0)
				continue;
			pci_pme_wakeup(pme_dev->dev, NULL);
		} else {
			list_del(&pme_dev->list);
			kfree(pme_dev);
		}
	}
	if (!list_empty(&pci_pme_list))
		schedule_delayed_work(&pci_pme_work,
				      msecs_to_jiffies(PME_TIMEOUT));
	mutex_unlock(&pci_pme_list_mutex);
}

/**
 * pci_pme_active - enable or disable PCI device's PME# function
 * @dev: PCI device to handle.
 * @enable: 'true' to enable PME# generation; 'false' to disable it.
 *
 * The caller must verify that the device is capable of generating PME# before
 * calling this function with @enable equal to 'true'.
 */
void pci_pme_active(struct pci_dev *dev, bool enable)
{
	u16 pmcsr;

	if (!dev->pme_support)
		return;

	pci_read_config_word(dev, dev->pm_cap + PCI_PM_CTRL, &pmcsr);
	/* Clear PME_Status by writing 1 to it and enable PME# */
	pmcsr |= PCI_PM_CTRL_PME_STATUS | PCI_PM_CTRL_PME_ENABLE;
	if (!enable)
		pmcsr &= ~PCI_PM_CTRL_PME_ENABLE;

	pci_write_config_word(dev, dev->pm_cap + PCI_PM_CTRL, pmcsr);

	/*
	 * PCI (as opposed to PCIe) PME requires that the device have
	 * its PME# line hooked up correctly. Not all hardware vendors
	 * do this, so the PME never gets delivered and the device
	 * remains asleep. The easiest way around this is to
	 * periodically walk the list of suspended devices and check
	 * whether any have their PME flag set. The assumption is that
	 * we'll wake up often enough anyway that this won't be a huge
	 * hit, and the power savings from the devices will still be a
	 * win.
	 *
	 * Although PCIe uses in-band PME message instead of PME# line
	 * to report PME, PME does not work for some PCIe devices in
	 * reality.  For example, there are devices that set their PME
	 * status bits, but don't really bother to send a PME message;
	 * there are PCI Express Root Ports that don't bother to
	 * trigger interrupts when they receive PME messages from the
	 * devices below.  So PME poll is used for PCIe devices too.
	 */

	if (dev->pme_poll) {
		struct pci_pme_device *pme_dev;
		if (enable) {
			pme_dev = kmalloc(sizeof(struct pci_pme_device),
					  GFP_KERNEL);
			if (!pme_dev) {
				dev_warn(&dev->dev, "can't enable PME#\n");
				return;
			}
			pme_dev->dev = dev;
			mutex_lock(&pci_pme_list_mutex);
			list_add(&pme_dev->list, &pci_pme_list);
			if (list_is_singular(&pci_pme_list))
				schedule_delayed_work(&pci_pme_work,
						      msecs_to_jiffies(PME_TIMEOUT));
			mutex_unlock(&pci_pme_list_mutex);
		} else {
			mutex_lock(&pci_pme_list_mutex);
			list_for_each_entry(pme_dev, &pci_pme_list, list) {
				if (pme_dev->dev == dev) {
					list_del(&pme_dev->list);
					kfree(pme_dev);
					break;
				}
			}
			mutex_unlock(&pci_pme_list_mutex);
		}
	}

	dev_dbg(&dev->dev, "PME# %s\n", enable ? "enabled" : "disabled");
}

/**
 * __pci_enable_wake - enable PCI device as wakeup event source
 * @dev: PCI device affected
 * @state: PCI state from which device will issue wakeup events
 * @runtime: True if the events are to be generated at run time
 * @enable: True to enable event generation; false to disable
 *
 * This enables the device as a wakeup event source, or disables it.
 * When such events involves platform-specific hooks, those hooks are
 * called automatically by this routine.
 *
 * Devices with legacy power management (no standard PCI PM capabilities)
 * always require such platform hooks.
 *
 * RETURN VALUE:
 * 0 is returned on success
 * -EINVAL is returned if device is not supposed to wake up the system
 * Error code depending on the platform is returned if both the platform and
 * the native mechanism fail to enable the generation of wake-up events
 */
int __pci_enable_wake(struct pci_dev *dev, pci_power_t state,
		      bool runtime, bool enable)
{
	int ret = 0;

	if (enable && !runtime && !device_may_wakeup(&dev->dev))
		return -EINVAL;

	/* Don't do the same thing twice in a row for one device. */
	if (!!enable == !!dev->wakeup_prepared)
		return 0;

	/*
	 * According to "PCI System Architecture" 4th ed. by Tom Shanley & Don
	 * Anderson we should be doing PME# wake enable followed by ACPI wake
	 * enable.  To disable wake-up we call the platform first, for symmetry.
	 */

	if (enable) {
		int error;

		if (pci_pme_capable(dev, state))
			pci_pme_active(dev, true);
		else
			ret = 1;
		error = runtime ? platform_pci_run_wake(dev, true) :
					platform_pci_sleep_wake(dev, true);
		if (ret)
			ret = error;
		if (!ret)
			dev->wakeup_prepared = true;
	} else {
		if (runtime)
			platform_pci_run_wake(dev, false);
		else
			platform_pci_sleep_wake(dev, false);
		pci_pme_active(dev, false);
		dev->wakeup_prepared = false;
	}

	return ret;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(__pci_enable_wake);

/**
 * pci_wake_from_d3 - enable/disable device to wake up from D3_hot or D3_cold
 * @dev: PCI device to prepare
 * @enable: True to enable wake-up event generation; false to disable
 *
 * Many drivers want the device to wake up the system from D3_hot or D3_cold
 * and this function allows them to set that up cleanly - pci_enable_wake()
 * should not be called twice in a row to enable wake-up due to PCI PM vs ACPI
 * ordering constraints.
 *
 * This function only returns error code if the device is not capable of
 * generating PME# from both D3_hot and D3_cold, and the platform is unable to
 * enable wake-up power for it.
 */
int pci_wake_from_d3(struct pci_dev *dev, bool enable)
{
	return pci_pme_capable(dev, PCI_D3cold) ?
			pci_enable_wake(dev, PCI_D3cold, enable) :
			pci_enable_wake(dev, PCI_D3hot, enable);
}

/**
 * pci_target_state - find an appropriate low power state for a given PCI dev
 * @dev: PCI device
 *
 * Use underlying platform code to find a supported low power state for @dev.
 * If the platform can't manage @dev, return the deepest state from which it
 * can generate wake events, based on any available PME info.
 */
static pci_power_t pci_target_state(struct pci_dev *dev)
{
	pci_power_t target_state = PCI_D3hot;

	if (platform_pci_power_manageable(dev)) {
		/*
		 * Call the platform to choose the target state of the device
		 * and enable wake-up from this state if supported.
		 */
		pci_power_t state = platform_pci_choose_state(dev);

		switch (state) {
		case PCI_POWER_ERROR:
		case PCI_UNKNOWN:
			break;
		case PCI_D1:
		case PCI_D2:
			if (pci_no_d1d2(dev))
				break;
		default:
			target_state = state;
		}
	} else if (!dev->pm_cap) {
		target_state = PCI_D0;
	} else if (device_may_wakeup(&dev->dev)) {
		/*
		 * Find the deepest state from which the device can generate
		 * wake-up events, make it the target state and enable device
		 * to generate PME#.
		 */
		if (dev->pme_support) {
			while (target_state
			      && !(dev->pme_support & (1 << target_state)))
				target_state--;
		}
	}

	return target_state;
}

/**
 * pci_prepare_to_sleep - prepare PCI device for system-wide transition into a sleep state
 * @dev: Device to handle.
 *
 * Choose the power state appropriate for the device depending on whether
 * it can wake up the system and/or is power manageable by the platform
 * (PCI_D3hot is the default) and put the device into that state.
 */
int pci_prepare_to_sleep(struct pci_dev *dev)
{
	pci_power_t target_state = pci_target_state(dev);
	int error;

	if (target_state == PCI_POWER_ERROR)
		return -EIO;

	/* D3cold during system suspend/hibernate is not supported */
	if (target_state > PCI_D3hot)
		target_state = PCI_D3hot;

	pci_enable_wake(dev, target_state, device_may_wakeup(&dev->dev));

	error = pci_set_power_state(dev, target_state);

	if (error)
		pci_enable_wake(dev, target_state, false);

	return error;
}

/**
 * pci_back_from_sleep - turn PCI device on during system-wide transition into working state
 * @dev: Device to handle.
 *
 * Disable device's system wake-up capability and put it into D0.
 */
int pci_back_from_sleep(struct pci_dev *dev)
{
	pci_enable_wake(dev, PCI_D0, false);
	return pci_set_power_state(dev, PCI_D0);
}

/**
 * pci_finish_runtime_suspend - Carry out PCI-specific part of runtime suspend.
 * @dev: PCI device being suspended.
 *
 * Prepare @dev to generate wake-up events at run time and put it into a low
 * power state.
 */
int pci_finish_runtime_suspend(struct pci_dev *dev)
{
	pci_power_t target_state = pci_target_state(dev);
	int error;

	if (target_state == PCI_POWER_ERROR)
		return -EIO;

	dev->runtime_d3cold = target_state == PCI_D3cold;

	__pci_enable_wake(dev, target_state, true, pci_dev_run_wake(dev));

	error = pci_set_power_state(dev, target_state);

	if (error) {
		__pci_enable_wake(dev, target_state, true, false);
		dev->runtime_d3cold = false;
	}

	return error;
}

/**
 * pci_dev_run_wake - Check if device can generate run-time wake-up events.
 * @dev: Device to check.
 *
 * Return true if the device itself is capable of generating wake-up events
 * (through the platform or using the native PCIe PME) or if the device supports
 * PME and one of its upstream bridges can generate wake-up events.
 */
bool pci_dev_run_wake(struct pci_dev *dev)
{
	struct pci_bus *bus = dev->bus;

	if (device_run_wake(&dev->dev))
		return true;

	if (!dev->pme_support)
		return false;

	while (bus->parent) {
		struct pci_dev *bridge = bus->self;

		if (device_run_wake(&bridge->dev))
			return true;

		bus = bus->parent;
	}

	/* We have reached the root bus. */
	if (bus->bridge)
		return device_run_wake(bus->bridge);

	return false;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(pci_dev_run_wake);

void pci_config_pm_runtime_get(struct pci_dev *pdev)
{
	struct device *dev = &pdev->dev;
	struct device *parent = dev->parent;

	if (parent)
		pm_runtime_get_sync(parent);
	pm_runtime_get_noresume(dev);
	/*
	 * pdev->current_state is set to PCI_D3cold during suspending,
	 * so wait until suspending completes
	 */
	pm_runtime_barrier(dev);
	/*
	 * Only need to resume devices in D3cold, because config
	 * registers are still accessible for devices suspended but
	 * not in D3cold.
	 */
	if (pdev->current_state == PCI_D3cold)
		pm_runtime_resume(dev);
}

void pci_config_pm_runtime_put(struct pci_dev *pdev)
{
	struct device *dev = &pdev->dev;
	struct device *parent = dev->parent;

	pm_runtime_put(dev);
	if (parent)
		pm_runtime_put_sync(parent);
}

/**
 * pci_pm_init - Initialize PM functions of given PCI device
 * @dev: PCI device to handle.
 */
void pci_pm_init(struct pci_dev *dev)
{
	int pm;
	u16 pmc;

	pm_runtime_forbid(&dev->dev);
	pm_runtime_set_active(&dev->dev);
	pm_runtime_enable(&dev->dev);
	device_enable_async_suspend(&dev->dev);
	dev->wakeup_prepared = false;

	dev->pm_cap = 0;
	dev->pme_support = 0;

	/* find PCI PM capability in list */
	pm = pci_find_capability(dev, PCI_CAP_ID_PM);
	if (!pm)
		return;
	/* Check device's ability to generate PME# */
	pci_read_config_word(dev, pm + PCI_PM_PMC, &pmc);

	if ((pmc & PCI_PM_CAP_VER_MASK) > 3) {
		dev_err(&dev->dev, "unsupported PM cap regs version (%u)\n",
			pmc & PCI_PM_CAP_VER_MASK);
		return;
	}

	dev->pm_cap = pm;
	dev->d3_delay = PCI_PM_D3_WAIT;
	dev->d3cold_delay = PCI_PM_D3COLD_WAIT;
	dev->d3cold_allowed = true;

	dev->d1_support = false;
	dev->d2_support = false;
	if (!pci_no_d1d2(dev)) {
		if (pmc & PCI_PM_CAP_D1)
			dev->d1_support = true;
		if (pmc & PCI_PM_CAP_D2)
			dev->d2_support = true;

		if (dev->d1_support || dev->d2_support)
			dev_printk(KERN_DEBUG, &dev->dev, "supports%s%s\n",
				   dev->d1_support ? " D1" : "",
				   dev->d2_support ? " D2" : "");
	}

	pmc &= PCI_PM_CAP_PME_MASK;
	if (pmc) {
		dev_printk(KERN_DEBUG, &dev->dev,
			 "PME# supported from%s%s%s%s%s\n",
			 (pmc & PCI_PM_CAP_PME_D0) ? " D0" : "",
			 (pmc & PCI_PM_CAP_PME_D1) ? " D1" : "",
			 (pmc & PCI_PM_CAP_PME_D2) ? " D2" : "",
			 (pmc & PCI_PM_CAP_PME_D3) ? " D3hot" : "",
			 (pmc & PCI_PM_CAP_PME_D3cold) ? " D3cold" : "");
		dev->pme_support = pmc >> PCI_PM_CAP_PME_SHIFT;
		dev->pme_poll = true;
		/*
		 * Make device's PM flags reflect the wake-up capability, but
		 * let the user space enable it to wake up the system as needed.
		 */
		device_set_wakeup_capable(&dev->dev, true);
		/* Disable the PME# generation functionality */
		pci_pme_active(dev, false);
	}
}

static void pci_add_saved_cap(struct pci_dev *pci_dev,
	struct pci_cap_saved_state *new_cap)
{
	hlist_add_head(&new_cap->next, &pci_dev->saved_cap_space);
}

/**
 * _pci_add_cap_save_buffer - allocate buffer for saving given
 *                            capability registers
 * @dev: the PCI device
 * @cap: the capability to allocate the buffer for
 * @extended: Standard or Extended capability ID
 * @size: requested size of the buffer
 */
static int _pci_add_cap_save_buffer(struct pci_dev *dev, u16 cap,
				    bool extended, unsigned int size)
{
	int pos;
	struct pci_cap_saved_state *save_state;

	if (extended)
		pos = pci_find_ext_capability(dev, cap);
	else
		pos = pci_find_capability(dev, cap);

	if (pos <= 0)
		return 0;

	save_state = kzalloc(sizeof(*save_state) + size, GFP_KERNEL);
	if (!save_state)
		return -ENOMEM;

	save_state->cap.cap_nr = cap;
	save_state->cap.cap_extended = extended;
	save_state->cap.size = size;
	pci_add_saved_cap(dev, save_state);

	return 0;
}

int pci_add_cap_save_buffer(struct pci_dev *dev, char cap, unsigned int size)
{
	return _pci_add_cap_save_buffer(dev, cap, false, size);
}

int pci_add_ext_cap_save_buffer(struct pci_dev *dev, u16 cap, unsigned int size)
{
	return _pci_add_cap_save_buffer(dev, cap, true, size);
}

/**
 * pci_allocate_cap_save_buffers - allocate buffers for saving capabilities
 * @dev: the PCI device
 */
void pci_allocate_cap_save_buffers(struct pci_dev *dev)
{
	int error;

	error = pci_add_cap_save_buffer(dev, PCI_CAP_ID_EXP,
					PCI_EXP_SAVE_REGS * sizeof(u16));
	if (error)
		dev_err(&dev->dev,
			"unable to preallocate PCI Express save buffer\n");

	error = pci_add_cap_save_buffer(dev, PCI_CAP_ID_PCIX, sizeof(u16));
	if (error)
		dev_err(&dev->dev,
			"unable to preallocate PCI-X save buffer\n");

	pci_allocate_vc_save_buffers(dev);
}

void pci_free_cap_save_buffers(struct pci_dev *dev)
{
	struct pci_cap_saved_state *tmp;
	struct hlist_node *n;

	hlist_for_each_entry_safe(tmp, n, &dev->saved_cap_space, next)
		kfree(tmp);
}

/**
 * pci_configure_ari - enable or disable ARI forwarding
 * @dev: the PCI device
 *
 * If @dev and its upstream bridge both support ARI, enable ARI in the
 * bridge.  Otherwise, disable ARI in the bridge.
 */
void pci_configure_ari(struct pci_dev *dev)
{
	u32 cap;
	struct pci_dev *bridge;

	if (pcie_ari_disabled || !pci_is_pcie(dev) || dev->devfn)
		return;

	bridge = dev->bus->self;
	if (!bridge)
		return;

	pcie_capability_read_dword(bridge, PCI_EXP_DEVCAP2, &cap);
	if (!(cap & PCI_EXP_DEVCAP2_ARI))
		return;

	if (pci_find_ext_capability(dev, PCI_EXT_CAP_ID_ARI)) {
		pcie_capability_set_word(bridge, PCI_EXP_DEVCTL2,
					 PCI_EXP_DEVCTL2_ARI);
		bridge->ari_enabled = 1;
	} else {
		pcie_capability_clear_word(bridge, PCI_EXP_DEVCTL2,
					   PCI_EXP_DEVCTL2_ARI);
		bridge->ari_enabled = 0;
	}
}

static int pci_acs_enable;

/**
 * pci_request_acs - ask for ACS to be enabled if supported
 */
void pci_request_acs(void)
{
	pci_acs_enable = 1;
}

/**
 * pci_std_enable_acs - enable ACS on devices using standard ACS capabilites
 * @dev: the PCI device
 */
static int pci_std_enable_acs(struct pci_dev *dev)
{
	int pos;
	u16 cap;
	u16 ctrl;

	pos = pci_find_ext_capability(dev, PCI_EXT_CAP_ID_ACS);
	if (!pos)
		return -ENODEV;

	pci_read_config_word(dev, pos + PCI_ACS_CAP, &cap);
	pci_read_config_word(dev, pos + PCI_ACS_CTRL, &ctrl);

	/* Source Validation */
	ctrl |= (cap & PCI_ACS_SV);

	/* P2P Request Redirect */
	ctrl |= (cap & PCI_ACS_RR);

	/* P2P Completion Redirect */
	ctrl |= (cap & PCI_ACS_CR);

	/* Upstream Forwarding */
	ctrl |= (cap & PCI_ACS_UF);

	pci_write_config_word(dev, pos + PCI_ACS_CTRL, ctrl);

	return 0;
}

/**
 * pci_enable_acs - enable ACS if hardware support it
 * @dev: the PCI device
 */
void pci_enable_acs(struct pci_dev *dev)
{
	if (!pci_acs_enable)
		return;

	if (!pci_std_enable_acs(dev))
		return;

	pci_dev_specific_enable_acs(dev);
}

static bool pci_acs_flags_enabled(struct pci_dev *pdev, u16 acs_flags)
{
	int pos;
	u16 cap, ctrl;

	pos = pci_find_ext_capability(pdev, PCI_EXT_CAP_ID_ACS);
	if (!pos)
		return false;

	/*
	 * Except for egress control, capabilities are either required
	 * or only required if controllable.  Features missing from the
	 * capability field can therefore be assumed as hard-wired enabled.
	 */
	pci_read_config_word(pdev, pos + PCI_ACS_CAP, &cap);
	acs_flags &= (cap | PCI_ACS_EC);

	pci_read_config_word(pdev, pos + PCI_ACS_CTRL, &ctrl);
	return (ctrl & acs_flags) == acs_flags;
}

/**
 * pci_acs_enabled - test ACS against required flags for a given device
 * @pdev: device to test
 * @acs_flags: required PCI ACS flags
 *
 * Return true if the device supports the provided flags.  Automatically
 * filters out flags that are not implemented on multifunction devices.
 *
 * Note that this interface checks the effective ACS capabilities of the
 * device rather than the actual capabilities.  For instance, most single
 * function endpoints are not required to support ACS because they have no
 * opportunity for peer-to-peer access.  We therefore return 'true'
 * regardless of whether the device exposes an ACS capability.  This makes
 * it much easier for callers of this function to ignore the actual type
 * or topology of the device when testing ACS support.
 */
bool pci_acs_enabled(struct pci_dev *pdev, u16 acs_flags)
{
	int ret;

	ret = pci_dev_specific_acs_enabled(pdev, acs_flags);
	if (ret >= 0)
		return ret > 0;

	/*
	 * Conventional PCI and PCI-X devices never support ACS, either
	 * effectively or actually.  The shared bus topology implies that
	 * any device on the bus can receive or snoop DMA.
	 */
	if (!pci_is_pcie(pdev))
		return false;

	switch (pci_pcie_type(pdev)) {
	/*
	 * PCI/X-to-PCIe bridges are not specifically mentioned by the spec,
	 * but since their primary interface is PCI/X, we conservatively
	 * handle them as we would a non-PCIe device.
	 */
	case PCI_EXP_TYPE_PCIE_BRIDGE:
	/*
	 * PCIe 3.0, 6.12.1 excludes ACS on these devices.  "ACS is never
	 * applicable... must never implement an ACS Extended Capability...".
	 * This seems arbitrary, but we take a conservative interpretation
	 * of this statement.
	 */
	case PCI_EXP_TYPE_PCI_BRIDGE:
	case PCI_EXP_TYPE_RC_EC:
		return false;
	/*
	 * PCIe 3.0, 6.12.1.1 specifies that downstream and root ports should
	 * implement ACS in order to indicate their peer-to-peer capabilities,
	 * regardless of whether they are single- or multi-function devices.
	 */
	case PCI_EXP_TYPE_DOWNSTREAM:
	case PCI_EXP_TYPE_ROOT_PORT:
		return pci_acs_flags_enabled(pdev, acs_flags);
	/*
	 * PCIe 3.0, 6.12.1.2 specifies ACS capabilities that should be
	 * implemented by the remaining PCIe types to indicate peer-to-peer
	 * capabilities, but only when they are part of a multifunction
	 * device.  The footnote for section 6.12 indicates the specific
	 * PCIe types included here.
	 */
	case PCI_EXP_TYPE_ENDPOINT:
	case PCI_EXP_TYPE_UPSTREAM:
	case PCI_EXP_TYPE_LEG_END:
	case PCI_EXP_TYPE_RC_END:
		if (!pdev->multifunction)
			break;

		return pci_acs_flags_enabled(pdev, acs_flags);
	}

	/*
	 * PCIe 3.0, 6.12.1.3 specifies no ACS capabilities are applicable
	 * to single function devices with the exception of downstream ports.
	 */
	return true;
}

/**
 * pci_acs_path_enable - test ACS flags from start to end in a hierarchy
 * @start: starting downstream device
 * @end: ending upstream device or NULL to search to the root bus
 * @acs_flags: required flags
 *
 * Walk up a device tree from start to end testing PCI ACS support.  If
 * any step along the way does not support the required flags, return false.
 */
bool pci_acs_path_enabled(struct pci_dev *start,
			  struct pci_dev *end, u16 acs_flags)
{
	struct pci_dev *pdev, *parent = start;

	do {
		pdev = parent;

		if (!pci_acs_enabled(pdev, acs_flags))
			return false;

		if (pci_is_root_bus(pdev->bus))
			return (end == NULL);

		parent = pdev->bus->self;
	} while (pdev != end);

	return true;
}

/**
 * pci_swizzle_interrupt_pin - swizzle INTx for device behind bridge
 * @dev: the PCI device
 * @pin: the INTx pin (1=INTA, 2=INTB, 3=INTC, 4=INTD)
 *
 * Perform INTx swizzling for a device behind one level of bridge.  This is
 * required by section 9.1 of the PCI-to-PCI bridge specification for devices
 * behind bridges on add-in cards.  For devices with ARI enabled, the slot
 * number is always 0 (see the Implementation Note in section 2.2.8.1 of
 * the PCI Express Base Specification, Revision 2.1)
 */
u8 pci_swizzle_interrupt_pin(const struct pci_dev *dev, u8 pin)
{
	int slot;

	if (pci_ari_enabled(dev->bus))
		slot = 0;
	else
		slot = PCI_SLOT(dev->devfn);

	return (((pin - 1) + slot) % 4) + 1;
}

int
pci_get_interrupt_pin(struct pci_dev *dev, struct pci_dev **bridge)
{
	u8 pin;

	pin = dev->pin;
	if (!pin)
		return -1;

	while (!pci_is_root_bus(dev->bus)) {
		pin = pci_swizzle_interrupt_pin(dev, pin);
		dev = dev->bus->self;
	}
	*bridge = dev;
	return pin;
}

/**
 * pci_common_swizzle - swizzle INTx all the way to root bridge
 * @dev: the PCI device
 * @pinp: pointer to the INTx pin value (1=INTA, 2=INTB, 3=INTD, 4=INTD)
 *
 * Perform INTx swizzling for a device.  This traverses through all PCI-to-PCI
 * bridges all the way up to a PCI root bus.
 */
u8 pci_common_swizzle(struct pci_dev *dev, u8 *pinp)
{
	u8 pin = *pinp;

	while (!pci_is_root_bus(dev->bus)) {
		pin = pci_swizzle_interrupt_pin(dev, pin);
		dev = dev->bus->self;
	}
	*pinp = pin;
	return PCI_SLOT(dev->devfn);
}

/**
 *	pci_release_region - Release a PCI bar
 *	@pdev: PCI device whose resources were previously reserved by pci_request_region
 *	@bar: BAR to release
 *
 *	Releases the PCI I/O and memory resources previously reserved by a
 *	successful call to pci_request_region.  Call this function only
 *	after all use of the PCI regions has ceased.
 */
void pci_release_region(struct pci_dev *pdev, int bar)
{
	struct pci_devres *dr;

	if (pci_resource_len(pdev, bar) == 0)
		return;
	if (pci_resource_flags(pdev, bar) & IORESOURCE_IO)
		release_region(pci_resource_start(pdev, bar),
				pci_resource_len(pdev, bar));
	else if (pci_resource_flags(pdev, bar) & IORESOURCE_MEM)
		release_mem_region(pci_resource_start(pdev, bar),
				pci_resource_len(pdev, bar));

	dr = find_pci_dr(pdev);
	if (dr)
		dr->region_mask &= ~(1 << bar);
}

/**
 *	__pci_request_region - Reserved PCI I/O and memory resource
 *	@pdev: PCI device whose resources are to be reserved
 *	@bar: BAR to be reserved
 *	@res_name: Name to be associated with resource.
 *	@exclusive: whether the region access is exclusive or not
 *
 *	Mark the PCI region associated with PCI device @pdev BR @bar as
 *	being reserved by owner @res_name.  Do not access any
 *	address inside the PCI regions unless this call returns
 *	successfully.
 *
 *	If @exclusive is set, then the region is marked so that userspace
 *	is explicitly not allowed to map the resource via /dev/mem or
 *	sysfs MMIO access.
 *
 *	Returns 0 on success, or %EBUSY on error.  A warning
 *	message is also printed on failure.
 */
static int __pci_request_region(struct pci_dev *pdev, int bar, const char *res_name,
									int exclusive)
{
	struct pci_devres *dr;

	if (pci_resource_len(pdev, bar) == 0)
		return 0;

	if (pci_resource_flags(pdev, bar) & IORESOURCE_IO) {
		if (!request_region(pci_resource_start(pdev, bar),
			    pci_resource_len(pdev, bar), res_name))
			goto err_out;
	}
	else if (pci_resource_flags(pdev, bar) & IORESOURCE_MEM) {
		if (!__request_mem_region(pci_resource_start(pdev, bar),
					pci_resource_len(pdev, bar), res_name,
					exclusive))
			goto err_out;
	}

	dr = find_pci_dr(pdev);
	if (dr)
		dr->region_mask |= 1 << bar;

	return 0;

err_out:
	dev_warn(&pdev->dev, "BAR %d: can't reserve %pR\n", bar,
		 &pdev->resource[bar]);
	return -EBUSY;
}

/**
 *	pci_request_region - Reserve PCI I/O and memory resource
 *	@pdev: PCI device whose resources are to be reserved
 *	@bar: BAR to be reserved
 *	@res_name: Name to be associated with resource
 *
 *	Mark the PCI region associated with PCI device @pdev BAR @bar as
 *	being reserved by owner @res_name.  Do not access any
 *	address inside the PCI regions unless this call returns
 *	successfully.
 *
 *	Returns 0 on success, or %EBUSY on error.  A warning
 *	message is also printed on failure.
 */
int pci_request_region(struct pci_dev *pdev, int bar, const char *res_name)
{
	return __pci_request_region(pdev, bar, res_name, 0);
}

/**
 *	pci_request_region_exclusive - Reserved PCI I/O and memory resource
 *	@pdev: PCI device whose resources are to be reserved
 *	@bar: BAR to be reserved
 *	@res_name: Name to be associated with resource.
 *
 *	Mark the PCI region associated with PCI device @pdev BR @bar as
 *	being reserved by owner @res_name.  Do not access any
 *	address inside the PCI regions unless this call returns
 *	successfully.
 *
 *	Returns 0 on success, or %EBUSY on error.  A warning
 *	message is also printed on failure.
 *
 *	The key difference that _exclusive makes it that userspace is
 *	explicitly not allowed to map the resource via /dev/mem or
 *	sysfs.
 */
int pci_request_region_exclusive(struct pci_dev *pdev, int bar, const char *res_name)
{
	return __pci_request_region(pdev, bar, res_name, IORESOURCE_EXCLUSIVE);
}
/**
 * pci_release_selected_regions - Release selected PCI I/O and memory resources
 * @pdev: PCI device whose resources were previously reserved
 * @bars: Bitmask of BARs to be released
 *
 * Release selected PCI I/O and memory resources previously reserved.
 * Call this function only after all use of the PCI regions has ceased.
 */
void pci_release_selected_regions(struct pci_dev *pdev, int bars)
{
	int i;

	for (i = 0; i < 6; i++)
		if (bars & (1 << i))
			pci_release_region(pdev, i);
}

static int __pci_request_selected_regions(struct pci_dev *pdev, int bars,
				 const char *res_name, int excl)
{
	int i;

	for (i = 0; i < 6; i++)
		if (bars & (1 << i))
			if (__pci_request_region(pdev, i, res_name, excl))
				goto err_out;
	return 0;

err_out:
	while(--i >= 0)
		if (bars & (1 << i))
			pci_release_region(pdev, i);

	return -EBUSY;
}


/**
 * pci_request_selected_regions - Reserve selected PCI I/O and memory resources
 * @pdev: PCI device whose resources are to be reserved
 * @bars: Bitmask of BARs to be requested
 * @res_name: Name to be associated with resource
 */
int pci_request_selected_regions(struct pci_dev *pdev, int bars,
				 const char *res_name)
{
	return __pci_request_selected_regions(pdev, bars, res_name, 0);
}

int pci_request_selected_regions_exclusive(struct pci_dev *pdev,
				 int bars, const char *res_name)
{
	return __pci_request_selected_regions(pdev, bars, res_name,
			IORESOURCE_EXCLUSIVE);
}

/**
 *	pci_release_regions - Release reserved PCI I/O and memory resources
 *	@pdev: PCI device whose resources were previously reserved by pci_request_regions
 *
 *	Releases all PCI I/O and memory resources previously reserved by a
 *	successful call to pci_request_regions.  Call this function only
 *	after all use of the PCI regions has ceased.
 */

void pci_release_regions(struct pci_dev *pdev)
{
	pci_release_selected_regions(pdev, (1 << 6) - 1);
}

/**
 *	pci_request_regions - Reserved PCI I/O and memory resources
 *	@pdev: PCI device whose resources are to be reserved
 *	@res_name: Name to be associated with resource.
 *
 *	Mark all PCI regions associated with PCI device @pdev as
 *	being reserved by owner @res_name.  Do not access any
 *	address inside the PCI regions unless this call returns
 *	successfully.
 *
 *	Returns 0 on success, or %EBUSY on error.  A warning
 *	message is also printed on failure.
 */
int pci_request_regions(struct pci_dev *pdev, const char *res_name)
{
	return pci_request_selected_regions(pdev, ((1 << 6) - 1), res_name);
}

/**
 *	pci_request_regions_exclusive - Reserved PCI I/O and memory resources
 *	@pdev: PCI device whose resources are to be reserved
 *	@res_name: Name to be associated with resource.
 *
 *	Mark all PCI regions associated with PCI device @pdev as
 *	being reserved by owner @res_name.  Do not access any
 *	address inside the PCI regions unless this call returns
 *	successfully.
 *
 *	pci_request_regions_exclusive() will mark the region so that
 *	/dev/mem and the sysfs MMIO access will not be allowed.
 *
 *	Returns 0 on success, or %EBUSY on error.  A warning
 *	message is also printed on failure.
 */
int pci_request_regions_exclusive(struct pci_dev *pdev, const char *res_name)
{
	return pci_request_selected_regions_exclusive(pdev,
					((1 << 6) - 1), res_name);
}

static void __pci_set_master(struct pci_dev *dev, bool enable)
{
	u16 old_cmd, cmd;

	pci_read_config_word(dev, PCI_COMMAND, &old_cmd);
	if (enable)
		cmd = old_cmd | PCI_COMMAND_MASTER;
	else
		cmd = old_cmd & ~PCI_COMMAND_MASTER;
	if (cmd != old_cmd) {
		dev_dbg(&dev->dev, "%s bus mastering\n",
			enable ? "enabling" : "disabling");
		pci_write_config_word(dev, PCI_COMMAND, cmd);
	}
	dev->is_busmaster = enable;
}

/**
 * pcibios_setup - process "pci=" kernel boot arguments
 * @str: string used to pass in "pci=" kernel boot arguments
 *
 * Process kernel boot arguments.  This is the default implementation.
 * Architecture specific implementations can override this as necessary.
 */
char * __weak __init pcibios_setup(char *str)
{
	return str;
}

/**
 * pcibios_set_master - enable PCI bus-mastering for device dev
 * @dev: the PCI device to enable
 *
 * Enables PCI bus-mastering for the device.  This is the default
 * implementation.  Architecture specific implementations can override
 * this if necessary.
 */
void __weak pcibios_set_master(struct pci_dev *dev)
{
	u8 lat;

	/* The latency timer doesn't apply to PCIe (either Type 0 or Type 1) */
	if (pci_is_pcie(dev))
		return;

	pci_read_config_byte(dev, PCI_LATENCY_TIMER, &lat);
	if (lat < 16)
		lat = (64 <= pcibios_max_latency) ? 64 : pcibios_max_latency;
	else if (lat > pcibios_max_latency)
		lat = pcibios_max_latency;
	else
		return;

	pci_write_config_byte(dev, PCI_LATENCY_TIMER, lat);
}

/**
 * pci_set_master - enables bus-mastering for device dev
 * @dev: the PCI device to enable
 *
 * Enables bus-mastering on the device and calls pcibios_set_master()
 * to do the needed arch specific settings.
 */
void pci_set_master(struct pci_dev *dev)
{
	__pci_set_master(dev, true);
	pcibios_set_master(dev);
}

/**
 * pci_clear_master - disables bus-mastering for device dev
 * @dev: the PCI device to disable
 */
void pci_clear_master(struct pci_dev *dev)
{
	__pci_set_master(dev, false);
}

/**
 * pci_set_cacheline_size - ensure the CACHE_LINE_SIZE register is programmed
 * @dev: the PCI device for which MWI is to be enabled
 *
 * Helper function for pci_set_mwi.
 * Originally copied from drivers/net/acenic.c.
 * Copyright 1998-2001 by Jes Sorensen, <jes@trained-monkey.org>.
 *
 * RETURNS: An appropriate -ERRNO error value on error, or zero for success.
 */
int pci_set_cacheline_size(struct pci_dev *dev)
{
	u8 cacheline_size;

	if (!pci_cache_line_size)
		return -EINVAL;

	/* Validate current setting: the PCI_CACHE_LINE_SIZE must be
	   equal to or multiple of the right value. */
	pci_read_config_byte(dev, PCI_CACHE_LINE_SIZE, &cacheline_size);
	if (cacheline_size >= pci_cache_line_size &&
	    (cacheline_size % pci_cache_line_size) == 0)
		return 0;

	/* Write the correct value. */
	pci_write_config_byte(dev, PCI_CACHE_LINE_SIZE, pci_cache_line_size);
	/* Read it back. */
	pci_read_config_byte(dev, PCI_CACHE_LINE_SIZE, &cacheline_size);
	if (cacheline_size == pci_cache_line_size)
		return 0;

	dev_printk(KERN_DEBUG, &dev->dev, "cache line size of %d is not "
		   "supported\n", pci_cache_line_size << 2);

	return -EINVAL;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(pci_set_cacheline_size);

#ifdef PCI_DISABLE_MWI
int pci_set_mwi(struct pci_dev *dev)
{
	return 0;
}

int pci_try_set_mwi(struct pci_dev *dev)
{
	return 0;
}

void pci_clear_mwi(struct pci_dev *dev)
{
}

#else

/**
 * pci_set_mwi - enables memory-write-invalidate PCI transaction
 * @dev: the PCI device for which MWI is enabled
 *
 * Enables the Memory-Write-Invalidate transaction in %PCI_COMMAND.
 *
 * RETURNS: An appropriate -ERRNO error value on error, or zero for success.
 */
int
pci_set_mwi(struct pci_dev *dev)
{
	int rc;
	u16 cmd;

	rc = pci_set_cacheline_size(dev);
	if (rc)
		return rc;

	pci_read_config_word(dev, PCI_COMMAND, &cmd);
	if (! (cmd & PCI_COMMAND_INVALIDATE)) {
		dev_dbg(&dev->dev, "enabling Mem-Wr-Inval\n");
		cmd |= PCI_COMMAND_INVALIDATE;
		pci_write_config_word(dev, PCI_COMMAND, cmd);
	}

	return 0;
}

/**
 * pci_try_set_mwi - enables memory-write-invalidate PCI transaction
 * @dev: the PCI device for which MWI is enabled
 *
 * Enables the Memory-Write-Invalidate transaction in %PCI_COMMAND.
 * Callers are not required to check the return value.
 *
 * RETURNS: An appropriate -ERRNO error value on error, or zero for success.
 */
int pci_try_set_mwi(struct pci_dev *dev)
{
	int rc = pci_set_mwi(dev);
	return rc;
}

/**
 * pci_clear_mwi - disables Memory-Write-Invalidate for device dev
 * @dev: the PCI device to disable
 *
 * Disables PCI Memory-Write-Invalidate transaction on the device
 */
void
pci_clear_mwi(struct pci_dev *dev)
{
	u16 cmd;

	pci_read_config_word(dev, PCI_COMMAND, &cmd);
	if (cmd & PCI_COMMAND_INVALIDATE) {
		cmd &= ~PCI_COMMAND_INVALIDATE;
		pci_write_config_word(dev, PCI_COMMAND, cmd);
	}
}
#endif /* ! PCI_DISABLE_MWI */

/**
 * pci_intx - enables/disables PCI INTx for device dev
 * @pdev: the PCI device to operate on
 * @enable: boolean: whether to enable or disable PCI INTx
 *
 * Enables/disables PCI INTx for device dev
 */
void
pci_intx(struct pci_dev *pdev, int enable)
{
	u16 pci_command, new;

	pci_read_config_word(pdev, PCI_COMMAND, &pci_command);

	if (enable) {
		new = pci_command & ~PCI_COMMAND_INTX_DISABLE;
	} else {
		new = pci_command | PCI_COMMAND_INTX_DISABLE;
	}

	if (new != pci_command) {
		struct pci_devres *dr;

		pci_write_config_word(pdev, PCI_COMMAND, new);

		dr = find_pci_dr(pdev);
		if (dr && !dr->restore_intx) {
			dr->restore_intx = 1;
			dr->orig_intx = !enable;
		}
	}
}

/**
 * pci_intx_mask_supported - probe for INTx masking support
 * @dev: the PCI device to operate on
 *
 * Check if the device dev support INTx masking via the config space
 * command word.
 */
bool pci_intx_mask_supported(struct pci_dev *dev)
{
	bool mask_supported = false;
	u16 orig, new;

	if (dev->broken_intx_masking)
		return false;

	pci_cfg_access_lock(dev);

	pci_read_config_word(dev, PCI_COMMAND, &orig);
	pci_write_config_word(dev, PCI_COMMAND,
			      orig ^ PCI_COMMAND_INTX_DISABLE);
	pci_read_config_word(dev, PCI_COMMAND, &new);

	/*
	 * There's no way to protect against hardware bugs or detect them
	 * reliably, but as long as we know what the value should be, let's
	 * go ahead and check it.
	 */
	if ((new ^ orig) & ~PCI_COMMAND_INTX_DISABLE) {
		dev_err(&dev->dev, "Command register changed from "
			"0x%x to 0x%x: driver or hardware bug?\n", orig, new);
	} else if ((new ^ orig) & PCI_COMMAND_INTX_DISABLE) {
		mask_supported = true;
		pci_write_config_word(dev, PCI_COMMAND, orig);
	}

	pci_cfg_access_unlock(dev);
	return mask_supported;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(pci_intx_mask_supported);

static bool pci_check_and_set_intx_mask(struct pci_dev *dev, bool mask)
{
	struct pci_bus *bus = dev->bus;
	bool mask_updated = true;
	u32 cmd_status_dword;
	u16 origcmd, newcmd;
	unsigned long flags;
	bool irq_pending;

	/*
	 * We do a single dword read to retrieve both command and status.
	 * Document assumptions that make this possible.
	 */
	BUILD_BUG_ON(PCI_COMMAND % 4);
	BUILD_BUG_ON(PCI_COMMAND + 2 != PCI_STATUS);

	raw_spin_lock_irqsave(&pci_lock, flags);

	bus->ops->read(bus, dev->devfn, PCI_COMMAND, 4, &cmd_status_dword);

	irq_pending = (cmd_status_dword >> 16) & PCI_STATUS_INTERRUPT;

	/*
	 * Check interrupt status register to see whether our device
	 * triggered the interrupt (when masking) or the next IRQ is
	 * already pending (when unmasking).
	 */
	if (mask != irq_pending) {
		mask_updated = false;
		goto done;
	}

	origcmd = cmd_status_dword;
	newcmd = origcmd & ~PCI_COMMAND_INTX_DISABLE;
	if (mask)
		newcmd |= PCI_COMMAND_INTX_DISABLE;
	if (newcmd != origcmd)
		bus->ops->write(bus, dev->devfn, PCI_COMMAND, 2, newcmd);

done:
	raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore(&pci_lock, flags);

	return mask_updated;
}

/**
 * pci_check_and_mask_intx - mask INTx on pending interrupt
 * @dev: the PCI device to operate on
 *
 * Check if the device dev has its INTx line asserted, mask it and
 * return true in that case. False is returned if not interrupt was
 * pending.
 */
bool pci_check_and_mask_intx(struct pci_dev *dev)
{
	return pci_check_and_set_intx_mask(dev, true);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(pci_check_and_mask_intx);

/**
 * pci_check_and_unmask_intx - unmask INTx if no interrupt is pending
 * @dev: the PCI device to operate on
 *
 * Check if the device dev has its INTx line asserted, unmask it if not
 * and return true. False is returned and the mask remains active if
 * there was still an interrupt pending.
 */
bool pci_check_and_unmask_intx(struct pci_dev *dev)
{
	return pci_check_and_set_intx_mask(dev, false);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(pci_check_and_unmask_intx);

/**
 * pci_msi_off - disables any MSI or MSI-X capabilities
 * @dev: the PCI device to operate on
 *
 * If you want to use MSI, see pci_enable_msi() and friends.
 * This is a lower-level primitive that allows us to disable
 * MSI operation at the device level.
 */
void pci_msi_off(struct pci_dev *dev)
{
	int pos;
	u16 control;

	/*
	 * This looks like it could go in msi.c, but we need it even when
	 * CONFIG_PCI_MSI=n.  For the same reason, we can't use
	 * dev->msi_cap or dev->msix_cap here.
	 */
	pos = pci_find_capability(dev, PCI_CAP_ID_MSI);
	if (pos) {
		pci_read_config_word(dev, pos + PCI_MSI_FLAGS, &control);
		control &= ~PCI_MSI_FLAGS_ENABLE;
		pci_write_config_word(dev, pos + PCI_MSI_FLAGS, control);
	}
	pos = pci_find_capability(dev, PCI_CAP_ID_MSIX);
	if (pos) {
		pci_read_config_word(dev, pos + PCI_MSIX_FLAGS, &control);
		control &= ~PCI_MSIX_FLAGS_ENABLE;
		pci_write_config_word(dev, pos + PCI_MSIX_FLAGS, control);
	}
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(pci_msi_off);

int pci_set_dma_max_seg_size(struct pci_dev *dev, unsigned int size)
{
	return dma_set_max_seg_size(&dev->dev, size);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(pci_set_dma_max_seg_size);

int pci_set_dma_seg_boundary(struct pci_dev *dev, unsigned long mask)
{
	return dma_set_seg_boundary(&dev->dev, mask);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(pci_set_dma_seg_boundary);

/**
 * pci_wait_for_pending_transaction - waits for pending transaction
 * @dev: the PCI device to operate on
 *
 * Return 0 if transaction is pending 1 otherwise.
 */
int pci_wait_for_pending_transaction(struct pci_dev *dev)
{
	if (!pci_is_pcie(dev))
		return 1;

	return pci_wait_for_pending(dev, PCI_EXP_DEVSTA, PCI_EXP_DEVSTA_TRPND);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(pci_wait_for_pending_transaction);

static int pcie_flr(struct pci_dev *dev, int probe)
{
	u32 cap;

	pcie_capability_read_dword(dev, PCI_EXP_DEVCAP, &cap);
	if (!(cap & PCI_EXP_DEVCAP_FLR))
		return -ENOTTY;

	if (probe)
		return 0;

	if (!pci_wait_for_pending_transaction(dev))
		dev_err(&dev->dev, "transaction is not cleared; proceeding with reset anyway\n");

	pcie_capability_set_word(dev, PCI_EXP_DEVCTL, PCI_EXP_DEVCTL_BCR_FLR);

	msleep(100);

	return 0;
}

static int pci_af_flr(struct pci_dev *dev, int probe)
{
	int pos;
	u8 cap;

	pos = pci_find_capability(dev, PCI_CAP_ID_AF);
	if (!pos)
		return -ENOTTY;

	pci_read_config_byte(dev, pos + PCI_AF_CAP, &cap);
	if (!(cap & PCI_AF_CAP_TP) || !(cap & PCI_AF_CAP_FLR))
		return -ENOTTY;

	if (probe)
		return 0;

	/* Wait for Transaction Pending bit clean */
	if (pci_wait_for_pending(dev, PCI_AF_STATUS, PCI_AF_STATUS_TP))
		goto clear;

	dev_err(&dev->dev, "transaction is not cleared; "
			"proceeding with reset anyway\n");

clear:
	pci_write_config_byte(dev, pos + PCI_AF_CTRL, PCI_AF_CTRL_FLR);
	msleep(100);

	return 0;
}

/**
 * pci_pm_reset - Put device into PCI_D3 and back into PCI_D0.
 * @dev: Device to reset.
 * @probe: If set, only check if the device can be reset this way.
 *
 * If @dev supports native PCI PM and its PCI_PM_CTRL_NO_SOFT_RESET flag is
 * unset, it will be reinitialized internally when going from PCI_D3hot to
 * PCI_D0.  If that's the case and the device is not in a low-power state
 * already, force it into PCI_D3hot and back to PCI_D0, causing it to be reset.
 *
 * NOTE: This causes the caller to sleep for twice the device power transition
 * cooldown period, which for the D0->D3hot and D3hot->D0 transitions is 10 ms
 * by default (i.e. unless the @dev's d3_delay field has a different value).
 * Moreover, only devices in D0 can be reset by this function.
 */
static int pci_pm_reset(struct pci_dev *dev, int probe)
{
	u16 csr;

	if (!dev->pm_cap)
		return -ENOTTY;

	pci_read_config_word(dev, dev->pm_cap + PCI_PM_CTRL, &csr);
	if (csr & PCI_PM_CTRL_NO_SOFT_RESET)
		return -ENOTTY;

	if (probe)
		return 0;

	if (dev->current_state != PCI_D0)
		return -EINVAL;

	csr &= ~PCI_PM_CTRL_STATE_MASK;
	csr |= PCI_D3hot;
	pci_write_config_word(dev, dev->pm_cap + PCI_PM_CTRL, csr);
	pci_dev_d3_sleep(dev);

	csr &= ~PCI_PM_CTRL_STATE_MASK;
	csr |= PCI_D0;
	pci_write_config_word(dev, dev->pm_cap + PCI_PM_CTRL, csr);
	pci_dev_d3_sleep(dev);

	return 0;
}

/**
 * pci_reset_bridge_secondary_bus - Reset the secondary bus on a PCI bridge.
 * @dev: Bridge device
 *
 * Use the bridge control register to assert reset on the secondary bus.
 * Devices on the secondary bus are left in power-on state.
 */
void pci_reset_bridge_secondary_bus(struct pci_dev *dev)
{
	u16 ctrl;

	pci_read_config_word(dev, PCI_BRIDGE_CONTROL, &ctrl);
	ctrl |= PCI_BRIDGE_CTL_BUS_RESET;
	pci_write_config_word(dev, PCI_BRIDGE_CONTROL, ctrl);
	/*
	 * PCI spec v3.0 7.6.4.2 requires minimum Trst of 1ms.  Double
	 * this to 2ms to ensure that we meet the minimum requirement.
	 */
	msleep(2);

	ctrl &= ~PCI_BRIDGE_CTL_BUS_RESET;
	pci_write_config_word(dev, PCI_BRIDGE_CONTROL, ctrl);

	/*
	 * Trhfa for conventional PCI is 2^25 clock cycles.
	 * Assuming a minimum 33MHz clock this results in a 1s
	 * delay before we can consider subordinate devices to
	 * be re-initialized.  PCIe has some ways to shorten this,
	 * but we don't make use of them yet.
	 */
	ssleep(1);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(pci_reset_bridge_secondary_bus);

static int pci_parent_bus_reset(struct pci_dev *dev, int probe)
{
	struct pci_dev *pdev;

	if (pci_is_root_bus(dev->bus) || dev->subordinate || !dev->bus->self)
		return -ENOTTY;

	list_for_each_entry(pdev, &dev->bus->devices, bus_list)
		if (pdev != dev)
			return -ENOTTY;

	if (probe)
		return 0;

	pci_reset_bridge_secondary_bus(dev->bus->self);

	return 0;
}

static int pci_reset_hotplug_slot(struct hotplug_slot *hotplug, int probe)
{
	int rc = -ENOTTY;

	if (!hotplug || !try_module_get(hotplug->ops->owner))
		return rc;

	if (hotplug->ops->reset_slot)
		rc = hotplug->ops->reset_slot(hotplug, probe);

	module_put(hotplug->ops->owner);

	return rc;
}

static int pci_dev_reset_slot_function(struct pci_dev *dev, int probe)
{
	struct pci_dev *pdev;

	if (dev->subordinate || !dev->slot)
		return -ENOTTY;

	list_for_each_entry(pdev, &dev->bus->devices, bus_list)
		if (pdev != dev && pdev->slot == dev->slot)
			return -ENOTTY;

	return pci_reset_hotplug_slot(dev->slot->hotplug, probe);
}

static int __pci_dev_reset(struct pci_dev *dev, int probe)
{
	int rc;

	might_sleep();

	rc = pci_dev_specific_reset(dev, probe);
	if (rc != -ENOTTY)
		goto done;

	rc = pcie_flr(dev, probe);
	if (rc != -ENOTTY)
		goto done;

	rc = pci_af_flr(dev, probe);
	if (rc != -ENOTTY)
		goto done;

	rc = pci_pm_reset(dev, probe);
	if (rc != -ENOTTY)
		goto done;

	rc = pci_dev_reset_slot_function(dev, probe);
	if (rc != -ENOTTY)
		goto done;

	rc = pci_parent_bus_reset(dev, probe);
done:
	return rc;
}

static void pci_dev_lock(struct pci_dev *dev)
{
	pci_cfg_access_lock(dev);
	/* block PM suspend, driver probe, etc. */
	device_lock(&dev->dev);
}

/* Return 1 on successful lock, 0 on contention */
static int pci_dev_trylock(struct pci_dev *dev)
{
	if (pci_cfg_access_trylock(dev)) {
		if (device_trylock(&dev->dev))
			return 1;
		pci_cfg_access_unlock(dev);
	}

	return 0;
}

static void pci_dev_unlock(struct pci_dev *dev)
{
	device_unlock(&dev->dev);
	pci_cfg_access_unlock(dev);
}

/**
 * pci_reset_notify - notify device driver of reset
 * @dev: device to be notified of reset
 * @prepare: 'true' if device is about to be reset; 'false' if reset attempt
 *           completed
 *
 * Must be called prior to device access being disabled and after device
 * access is restored.
 */
static void pci_reset_notify(struct pci_dev *dev, bool prepare)
{
	const struct pci_error_handlers *err_handler =
			dev->driver ? dev->driver->err_handler : NULL;
	if (err_handler && err_handler->reset_notify)
		err_handler->reset_notify(dev, prepare);
}

static void pci_dev_save_and_disable(struct pci_dev *dev)
{
	pci_reset_notify(dev, true);

	/*
	 * Wake-up device prior to save.  PM registers default to D0 after
	 * reset and a simple register restore doesn't reliably return
	 * to a non-D0 state anyway.
	 */
	pci_set_power_state(dev, PCI_D0);

	pci_save_state(dev);
	/*
	 * Disable the device by clearing the Command register, except for
	 * INTx-disable which is set.  This not only disables MMIO and I/O port
	 * BARs, but also prevents the device from being Bus Master, preventing
	 * DMA from the device including MSI/MSI-X interrupts.  For PCI 2.3
	 * compliant devices, INTx-disable prevents legacy interrupts.
	 */
	pci_write_config_word(dev, PCI_COMMAND, PCI_COMMAND_INTX_DISABLE);
}

static void pci_dev_restore(struct pci_dev *dev)
{
	pci_restore_state(dev);
	pci_reset_notify(dev, false);
}

static int pci_dev_reset(struct pci_dev *dev, int probe)
{
	int rc;

	if (!probe)
		pci_dev_lock(dev);

	rc = __pci_dev_reset(dev, probe);

	if (!probe)
		pci_dev_unlock(dev);

	return rc;
}

/**
 * __pci_reset_function - reset a PCI device function
 * @dev: PCI device to reset
 *
 * Some devices allow an individual function to be reset without affecting
 * other functions in the same device.  The PCI device must be responsive
 * to PCI config space in order to use this function.
 *
 * The device function is presumed to be unused when this function is called.
 * Resetting the device will make the contents of PCI configuration space
 * random, so any caller of this must be prepared to reinitialise the
 * device including MSI, bus mastering, BARs, decoding IO and memory spaces,
 * etc.
 *
 * Returns 0 if the device function was successfully reset or negative if the
 * device doesn't support resetting a single function.
 */
int __pci_reset_function(struct pci_dev *dev)
{
	return pci_dev_reset(dev, 0);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(__pci_reset_function);

/**
 * __pci_reset_function_locked - reset a PCI device function while holding
 * the @dev mutex lock.
 * @dev: PCI device to reset
 *
 * Some devices allow an individual function to be reset without affecting
 * other functions in the same device.  The PCI device must be responsive
 * to PCI config space in order to use this function.
 *
 * The device function is presumed to be unused and the caller is holding
 * the device mutex lock when this function is called.
 * Resetting the device will make the contents of PCI configuration space
 * random, so any caller of this must be prepared to reinitialise the
 * device including MSI, bus mastering, BARs, decoding IO and memory spaces,
 * etc.
 *
 * Returns 0 if the device function was successfully reset or negative if the
 * device doesn't support resetting a single function.
 */
int __pci_reset_function_locked(struct pci_dev *dev)
{
	return __pci_dev_reset(dev, 0);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(__pci_reset_function_locked);

/**
 * pci_probe_reset_function - check whether the device can be safely reset
 * @dev: PCI device to reset
 *
 * Some devices allow an individual function to be reset without affecting
 * other functions in the same device.  The PCI device must be responsive
 * to PCI config space in order to use this function.
 *
 * Returns 0 if the device function can be reset or negative if the
 * device doesn't support resetting a single function.
 */
int pci_probe_reset_function(struct pci_dev *dev)
{
	return pci_dev_reset(dev, 1);
}

/**
 * pci_reset_function - quiesce and reset a PCI device function
 * @dev: PCI device to reset
 *
 * Some devices allow an individual function to be reset without affecting
 * other functions in the same device.  The PCI device must be responsive
 * to PCI config space in order to use this function.
 *
 * This function does not just reset the PCI portion of a device, but
 * clears all the state associated with the device.  This function differs
 * from __pci_reset_function in that it saves and restores device state
 * over the reset.
 *
 * Returns 0 if the device function was successfully reset or negative if the
 * device doesn't support resetting a single function.
 */
int pci_reset_function(struct pci_dev *dev)
{
	int rc;

	rc = pci_dev_reset(dev, 1);
	if (rc)
		return rc;

	pci_dev_save_and_disable(dev);

	rc = pci_dev_reset(dev, 0);

	pci_dev_restore(dev);

	return rc;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(pci_reset_function);

/**
 * pci_try_reset_function - quiesce and reset a PCI device function
 * @dev: PCI device to reset
 *
 * Same as above, except return -EAGAIN if unable to lock device.
 */
int pci_try_reset_function(struct pci_dev *dev)
{
	int rc;

	rc = pci_dev_reset(dev, 1);
	if (rc)
		return rc;

	pci_dev_save_and_disable(dev);

	if (pci_dev_trylock(dev)) {
		rc = __pci_dev_reset(dev, 0);
		pci_dev_unlock(dev);
	} else
		rc = -EAGAIN;

	pci_dev_restore(dev);

	return rc;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(pci_try_reset_function);

/* Lock devices from the top of the tree down */
static void pci_bus_lock(struct pci_bus *bus)
{
	struct pci_dev *dev;

	list_for_each_entry(dev, &bus->devices, bus_list) {
		pci_dev_lock(dev);
		if (dev->subordinate)
			pci_bus_lock(dev->subordinate);
	}
}

/* Unlock devices from the bottom of the tree up */
static void pci_bus_unlock(struct pci_bus *bus)
{
	struct pci_dev *dev;

	list_for_each_entry(dev, &bus->devices, bus_list) {
		if (dev->subordinate)
			pci_bus_unlock(dev->subordinate);
		pci_dev_unlock(dev);
	}
}

/* Return 1 on successful lock, 0 on contention */
static int pci_bus_trylock(struct pci_bus *bus)
{
	struct pci_dev *dev;

	list_for_each_entry(dev, &bus->devices, bus_list) {
		if (!pci_dev_trylock(dev))
			goto unlock;
		if (dev->subordinate) {
			if (!pci_bus_trylock(dev->subordinate)) {
				pci_dev_unlock(dev);
				goto unlock;
			}
		}
	}
	return 1;

unlock:
	list_for_each_entry_continue_reverse(dev, &bus->devices, bus_list) {
		if (dev->subordinate)
			pci_bus_unlock(dev->subordinate);
		pci_dev_unlock(dev);
	}
	return 0;
}

/* Lock devices from the top of the tree down */
static void pci_slot_lock(struct pci_slot *slot)
{
	struct pci_dev *dev;

	list_for_each_entry(dev, &slot->bus->devices, bus_list) {
		if (!dev->slot || dev->slot != slot)
			continue;
		pci_dev_lock(dev);
		if (dev->subordinate)
			pci_bus_lock(dev->subordinate);
	}
}

/* Unlock devices from the bottom of the tree up */
static void pci_slot_unlock(struct pci_slot *slot)
{
	struct pci_dev *dev;

	list_for_each_entry(dev, &slot->bus->devices, bus_list) {
		if (!dev->slot || dev->slot != slot)
			continue;
		if (dev->subordinate)
			pci_bus_unlock(dev->subordinate);
		pci_dev_unlock(dev);
	}
}

/* Return 1 on successful lock, 0 on contention */
static int pci_slot_trylock(struct pci_slot *slot)
{
	struct pci_dev *dev;

	list_for_each_entry(dev, &slot->bus->devices, bus_list) {
		if (!dev->slot || dev->slot != slot)
			continue;
		if (!pci_dev_trylock(dev))
			goto unlock;
		if (dev->subordinate) {
			if (!pci_bus_trylock(dev->subordinate)) {
				pci_dev_unlock(dev);
				goto unlock;
			}
		}
	}
	return 1;

unlock:
	list_for_each_entry_continue_reverse(dev,
					     &slot->bus->devices, bus_list) {
		if (!dev->slot || dev->slot != slot)
			continue;
		if (dev->subordinate)
			pci_bus_unlock(dev->subordinate);
		pci_dev_unlock(dev);
	}
	return 0;
}

/* Save and disable devices from the top of the tree down */
static void pci_bus_save_and_disable(struct pci_bus *bus)
{
	struct pci_dev *dev;

	list_for_each_entry(dev, &bus->devices, bus_list) {
		pci_dev_save_and_disable(dev);
		if (dev->subordinate)
			pci_bus_save_and_disable(dev->subordinate);
	}
}

/*
 * Restore devices from top of the tree down - parent bridges need to be
 * restored before we can get to subordinate devices.
 */
static void pci_bus_restore(struct pci_bus *bus)
{
	struct pci_dev *dev;

	list_for_each_entry(dev, &bus->devices, bus_list) {
		pci_dev_restore(dev);
		if (dev->subordinate)
			pci_bus_restore(dev->subordinate);
	}
}

/* Save and disable devices from the top of the tree down */
static void pci_slot_save_and_disable(struct pci_slot *slot)
{
	struct pci_dev *dev;

	list_for_each_entry(dev, &slot->bus->devices, bus_list) {
		if (!dev->slot || dev->slot != slot)
			continue;
		pci_dev_save_and_disable(dev);
		if (dev->subordinate)
			pci_bus_save_and_disable(dev->subordinate);
	}
}

/*
 * Restore devices from top of the tree down - parent bridges need to be
 * restored before we can get to subordinate devices.
 */
static void pci_slot_restore(struct pci_slot *slot)
{
	struct pci_dev *dev;

	list_for_each_entry(dev, &slot->bus->devices, bus_list) {
		if (!dev->slot || dev->slot != slot)
			continue;
		pci_dev_restore(dev);
		if (dev->subordinate)
			pci_bus_restore(dev->subordinate);
	}
}

static int pci_slot_reset(struct pci_slot *slot, int probe)
{
	int rc;

	if (!slot)
		return -ENOTTY;

	if (!probe)
		pci_slot_lock(slot);

	might_sleep();

	rc = pci_reset_hotplug_slot(slot->hotplug, probe);

	if (!probe)
		pci_slot_unlock(slot);

	return rc;
}

/**
 * pci_probe_reset_slot - probe whether a PCI slot can be reset
 * @slot: PCI slot to probe
 *
 * Return 0 if slot can be reset, negative if a slot reset is not supported.
 */
int pci_probe_reset_slot(struct pci_slot *slot)
{
	return pci_slot_reset(slot, 1);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(pci_probe_reset_slot);

/**
 * pci_reset_slot - reset a PCI slot
 * @slot: PCI slot to reset
 *
 * A PCI bus may host multiple slots, each slot may support a reset mechanism
 * independent of other slots.  For instance, some slots may support slot power
 * control.  In the case of a 1:1 bus to slot architecture, this function may
 * wrap the bus reset to avoid spurious slot related events such as hotplug.
 * Generally a slot reset should be attempted before a bus reset.  All of the
 * function of the slot and any subordinate buses behind the slot are reset
 * through this function.  PCI config space of all devices in the slot and
 * behind the slot is saved before and restored after reset.
 *
 * Return 0 on success, non-zero on error.
 */
int pci_reset_slot(struct pci_slot *slot)
{
	int rc;

	rc = pci_slot_reset(slot, 1);
	if (rc)
		return rc;

	pci_slot_save_and_disable(slot);

	rc = pci_slot_reset(slot, 0);

	pci_slot_restore(slot);

	return rc;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(pci_reset_slot);

/**
 * pci_try_reset_slot - Try to reset a PCI slot
 * @slot: PCI slot to reset
 *
 * Same as above except return -EAGAIN if the slot cannot be locked
 */
int pci_try_reset_slot(struct pci_slot *slot)
{
	int rc;

	rc = pci_slot_reset(slot, 1);
	if (rc)
		return rc;

	pci_slot_save_and_disable(slot);

	if (pci_slot_trylock(slot)) {
		might_sleep();
		rc = pci_reset_hotplug_slot(slot->hotplug, 0);
		pci_slot_unlock(slot);
	} else
		rc = -EAGAIN;

	pci_slot_restore(slot);

	return rc;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(pci_try_reset_slot);

static int pci_bus_reset(struct pci_bus *bus, int probe)
{
	if (!bus->self)
		return -ENOTTY;

	if (probe)
		return 0;

	pci_bus_lock(bus);

	might_sleep();

	pci_reset_bridge_secondary_bus(bus->self);

	pci_bus_unlock(bus);

	return 0;
}

/**
 * pci_probe_reset_bus - probe whether a PCI bus can be reset
 * @bus: PCI bus to probe
 *
 * Return 0 if bus can be reset, negative if a bus reset is not supported.
 */
int pci_probe_reset_bus(struct pci_bus *bus)
{
	return pci_bus_reset(bus, 1);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(pci_probe_reset_bus);

/**
 * pci_reset_bus - reset a PCI bus
 * @bus: top level PCI bus to reset
 *
 * Do a bus reset on the given bus and any subordinate buses, saving
 * and restoring state of all devices.
 *
 * Return 0 on success, non-zero on error.
 */
int pci_reset_bus(struct pci_bus *bus)
{
	int rc;

	rc = pci_bus_reset(bus, 1);
	if (rc)
		return rc;

	pci_bus_save_and_disable(bus);

	rc = pci_bus_reset(bus, 0);

	pci_bus_restore(bus);

	return rc;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(pci_reset_bus);

/**
 * pci_try_reset_bus - Try to reset a PCI bus
 * @bus: top level PCI bus to reset
 *
 * Same as above except return -EAGAIN if the bus cannot be locked
 */
int pci_try_reset_bus(struct pci_bus *bus)
{
	int rc;

	rc = pci_bus_reset(bus, 1);
	if (rc)
		return rc;

	pci_bus_save_and_disable(bus);

	if (pci_bus_trylock(bus)) {
		might_sleep();
		pci_reset_bridge_secondary_bus(bus->self);
		pci_bus_unlock(bus);
	} else
		rc = -EAGAIN;

	pci_bus_restore(bus);

	return rc;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(pci_try_reset_bus);

/**
 * pcix_get_max_mmrbc - get PCI-X maximum designed memory read byte count
 * @dev: PCI device to query
 *
 * Returns mmrbc: maximum designed memory read count in bytes
 *    or appropriate error value.
 */
int pcix_get_max_mmrbc(struct pci_dev *dev)
{
	int cap;
	u32 stat;

	cap = pci_find_capability(dev, PCI_CAP_ID_PCIX);
	if (!cap)
		return -EINVAL;

	if (pci_read_config_dword(dev, cap + PCI_X_STATUS, &stat))
		return -EINVAL;

	return 512 << ((stat & PCI_X_STATUS_MAX_READ) >> 21);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(pcix_get_max_mmrbc);

/**
 * pcix_get_mmrbc - get PCI-X maximum memory read byte count
 * @dev: PCI device to query
 *
 * Returns mmrbc: maximum memory read count in bytes
 *    or appropriate error value.
 */
int pcix_get_mmrbc(struct pci_dev *dev)
{
	int cap;
	u16 cmd;

	cap = pci_find_capability(dev, PCI_CAP_ID_PCIX);
	if (!cap)
		return -EINVAL;

	if (pci_read_config_word(dev, cap + PCI_X_CMD, &cmd))
		return -EINVAL;

	return 512 << ((cmd & PCI_X_CMD_MAX_READ) >> 2);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(pcix_get_mmrbc);

/**
 * pcix_set_mmrbc - set PCI-X maximum memory read byte count
 * @dev: PCI device to query
 * @mmrbc: maximum memory read count in bytes
 *    valid values are 512, 1024, 2048, 4096
 *
 * If possible sets maximum memory read byte count, some bridges have erratas
 * that prevent this.
 */
int pcix_set_mmrbc(struct pci_dev *dev, int mmrbc)
{
	int cap;
	u32 stat, v, o;
	u16 cmd;

	if (mmrbc < 512 || mmrbc > 4096 || !is_power_of_2(mmrbc))
		return -EINVAL;

	v = ffs(mmrbc) - 10;

	cap = pci_find_capability(dev, PCI_CAP_ID_PCIX);
	if (!cap)
		return -EINVAL;

	if (pci_read_config_dword(dev, cap + PCI_X_STATUS, &stat))
		return -EINVAL;

	if (v > (stat & PCI_X_STATUS_MAX_READ) >> 21)
		return -E2BIG;

	if (pci_read_config_word(dev, cap + PCI_X_CMD, &cmd))
		return -EINVAL;

	o = (cmd & PCI_X_CMD_MAX_READ) >> 2;
	if (o != v) {
		if (v > o && (dev->bus->bus_flags & PCI_BUS_FLAGS_NO_MMRBC))
			return -EIO;

		cmd &= ~PCI_X_CMD_MAX_READ;
		cmd |= v << 2;
		if (pci_write_config_word(dev, cap + PCI_X_CMD, cmd))
			return -EIO;
	}
	return 0;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(pcix_set_mmrbc);

/**
 * pcie_get_readrq - get PCI Express read request size
 * @dev: PCI device to query
 *
 * Returns maximum memory read request in bytes
 *    or appropriate error value.
 */
int pcie_get_readrq(struct pci_dev *dev)
{
	u16 ctl;

	pcie_capability_read_word(dev, PCI_EXP_DEVCTL, &ctl);

	return 128 << ((ctl & PCI_EXP_DEVCTL_READRQ) >> 12);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(pcie_get_readrq);

/**
 * pcie_set_readrq - set PCI Express maximum memory read request
 * @dev: PCI device to query
 * @rq: maximum memory read count in bytes
 *    valid values are 128, 256, 512, 1024, 2048, 4096
 *
 * If possible sets maximum memory read request in bytes
 */
int pcie_set_readrq(struct pci_dev *dev, int rq)
{
	u16 v;

	if (rq < 128 || rq > 4096 || !is_power_of_2(rq))
		return -EINVAL;

	/*
	 * If using the "performance" PCIe config, we clamp the
	 * read rq size to the max packet size to prevent the
	 * host bridge generating requests larger than we can
	 * cope with
	 */
	if (pcie_bus_config == PCIE_BUS_PERFORMANCE) {
		int mps = pcie_get_mps(dev);

		if (mps < rq)
			rq = mps;
	}

	v = (ffs(rq) - 8) << 12;

	return pcie_capability_clear_and_set_word(dev, PCI_EXP_DEVCTL,
						  PCI_EXP_DEVCTL_READRQ, v);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(pcie_set_readrq);

/**
 * pcie_get_mps - get PCI Express maximum payload size
 * @dev: PCI device to query
 *
 * Returns maximum payload size in bytes
 */
int pcie_get_mps(struct pci_dev *dev)
{
	u16 ctl;

	pcie_capability_read_word(dev, PCI_EXP_DEVCTL, &ctl);

	return 128 << ((ctl & PCI_EXP_DEVCTL_PAYLOAD) >> 5);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(pcie_get_mps);

/**
 * pcie_set_mps - set PCI Express maximum payload size
 * @dev: PCI device to query
 * @mps: maximum payload size in bytes
 *    valid values are 128, 256, 512, 1024, 2048, 4096
 *
 * If possible sets maximum payload size
 */
int pcie_set_mps(struct pci_dev *dev, int mps)
{
	u16 v;

	if (mps < 128 || mps > 4096 || !is_power_of_2(mps))
		return -EINVAL;

	v = ffs(mps) - 8;
	if (v > dev->pcie_mpss)
		return -EINVAL;
	v <<= 5;

	return pcie_capability_clear_and_set_word(dev, PCI_EXP_DEVCTL,
						  PCI_EXP_DEVCTL_PAYLOAD, v);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(pcie_set_mps);

/**
 * pcie_get_minimum_link - determine minimum link settings of a PCI device
 * @dev: PCI device to query
 * @speed: storage for minimum speed
 * @width: storage for minimum width
 *
 * This function will walk up the PCI device chain and determine the minimum
 * link width and speed of the device.
 */
int pcie_get_minimum_link(struct pci_dev *dev, enum pci_bus_speed *speed,
			  enum pcie_link_width *width)
{
	int ret;

	*speed = PCI_SPEED_UNKNOWN;
	*width = PCIE_LNK_WIDTH_UNKNOWN;

	while (dev) {
		u16 lnksta;
		enum pci_bus_speed next_speed;
		enum pcie_link_width next_width;

		ret = pcie_capability_read_word(dev, PCI_EXP_LNKSTA, &lnksta);
		if (ret)
			return ret;

		next_speed = pcie_link_speed[lnksta & PCI_EXP_LNKSTA_CLS];
		next_width = (lnksta & PCI_EXP_LNKSTA_NLW) >>
			PCI_EXP_LNKSTA_NLW_SHIFT;

		if (next_speed < *speed)
			*speed = next_speed;

		if (next_width < *width)
			*width = next_width;

		dev = dev->bus->self;
	}

	return 0;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(pcie_get_minimum_link);

/**
 * pci_select_bars - Make BAR mask from the type of resource
 * @dev: the PCI device for which BAR mask is made
 * @flags: resource type mask to be selected
 *
 * This helper routine makes bar mask from the type of resource.
 */
int pci_select_bars(struct pci_dev *dev, unsigned long flags)
{
	int i, bars = 0;
	for (i = 0; i < PCI_NUM_RESOURCES; i++)
		if (pci_resource_flags(dev, i) & flags)
			bars |= (1 << i);
	return bars;
}

/**
 * pci_resource_bar - get position of the BAR associated with a resource
 * @dev: the PCI device
 * @resno: the resource number
 * @type: the BAR type to be filled in
 *
 * Returns BAR position in config space, or 0 if the BAR is invalid.
 */
int pci_resource_bar(struct pci_dev *dev, int resno, enum pci_bar_type *type)
{
	int reg;

	if (resno < PCI_ROM_RESOURCE) {
		*type = pci_bar_unknown;
		return PCI_BASE_ADDRESS_0 + 4 * resno;
	} else if (resno == PCI_ROM_RESOURCE) {
		*type = pci_bar_mem32;
		return dev->rom_base_reg;
	} else if (resno < PCI_BRIDGE_RESOURCES) {
		/* device specific resource */
		reg = pci_iov_resource_bar(dev, resno, type);
		if (reg)
			return reg;
	}

	dev_err(&dev->dev, "BAR %d: invalid resource\n", resno);
	return 0;
}

/* Some architectures require additional programming to enable VGA */
static arch_set_vga_state_t arch_set_vga_state;

void __init pci_register_set_vga_state(arch_set_vga_state_t func)
{
	arch_set_vga_state = func;	/* NULL disables */
}

static int pci_set_vga_state_arch(struct pci_dev *dev, bool decode,
		      unsigned int command_bits, u32 flags)
{
	if (arch_set_vga_state)
		return arch_set_vga_state(dev, decode, command_bits,
						flags);
	return 0;
}

/**
 * pci_set_vga_state - set VGA decode state on device and parents if requested
 * @dev: the PCI device
 * @decode: true = enable decoding, false = disable decoding
 * @command_bits: PCI_COMMAND_IO and/or PCI_COMMAND_MEMORY
 * @flags: traverse ancestors and change bridges
 * CHANGE_BRIDGE_ONLY / CHANGE_BRIDGE
 */
int pci_set_vga_state(struct pci_dev *dev, bool decode,
		      unsigned int command_bits, u32 flags)
{
	struct pci_bus *bus;
	struct pci_dev *bridge;
	u16 cmd;
	int rc;

	WARN_ON((flags & PCI_VGA_STATE_CHANGE_DECODES) && (command_bits & ~(PCI_COMMAND_IO|PCI_COMMAND_MEMORY)));

	/* ARCH specific VGA enables */
	rc = pci_set_vga_state_arch(dev, decode, command_bits, flags);
	if (rc)
		return rc;

	if (flags & PCI_VGA_STATE_CHANGE_DECODES) {
		pci_read_config_word(dev, PCI_COMMAND, &cmd);
		if (decode == true)
			cmd |= command_bits;
		else
			cmd &= ~command_bits;
		pci_write_config_word(dev, PCI_COMMAND, cmd);
	}

	if (!(flags & PCI_VGA_STATE_CHANGE_BRIDGE))
		return 0;

	bus = dev->bus;
	while (bus) {
		bridge = bus->self;
		if (bridge) {
			pci_read_config_word(bridge, PCI_BRIDGE_CONTROL,
					     &cmd);
			if (decode == true)
				cmd |= PCI_BRIDGE_CTL_VGA;
			else
				cmd &= ~PCI_BRIDGE_CTL_VGA;
			pci_write_config_word(bridge, PCI_BRIDGE_CONTROL,
					      cmd);
		}
		bus = bus->parent;
	}
	return 0;
}

bool pci_device_is_present(struct pci_dev *pdev)
{
	u32 v;

	return pci_bus_read_dev_vendor_id(pdev->bus, pdev->devfn, &v, 0);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(pci_device_is_present);

#define RESOURCE_ALIGNMENT_PARAM_SIZE COMMAND_LINE_SIZE
static char resource_alignment_param[RESOURCE_ALIGNMENT_PARAM_SIZE] = {0};
static DEFINE_SPINLOCK(resource_alignment_lock);

/**
 * pci_specified_resource_alignment - get resource alignment specified by user.
 * @dev: the PCI device to get
 *
 * RETURNS: Resource alignment if it is specified.
 *          Zero if it is not specified.
 */
static resource_size_t pci_specified_resource_alignment(struct pci_dev *dev)
{
	int seg, bus, slot, func, align_order, count;
	resource_size_t align = 0;
	char *p;

	spin_lock(&resource_alignment_lock);
	p = resource_alignment_param;
	while (*p) {
		count = 0;
		if (sscanf(p, "%d%n", &align_order, &count) == 1 &&
							p[count] == '@') {
			p += count + 1;
		} else {
			align_order = -1;
		}
		if (sscanf(p, "%x:%x:%x.%x%n",
			&seg, &bus, &slot, &func, &count) != 4) {
			seg = 0;
			if (sscanf(p, "%x:%x.%x%n",
					&bus, &slot, &func, &count) != 3) {
				/* Invalid format */
				printk(KERN_ERR "PCI: Can't parse resource_alignment parameter: %s\n",
					p);
				break;
			}
		}
		p += count;
		if (seg == pci_domain_nr(dev->bus) &&
			bus == dev->bus->number &&
			slot == PCI_SLOT(dev->devfn) &&
			func == PCI_FUNC(dev->devfn)) {
			if (align_order == -1) {
				align = PAGE_SIZE;
			} else {
				align = 1 << align_order;
			}
			/* Found */
			break;
		}
		if (*p != ';' && *p != ',') {
			/* End of param or invalid format */
			break;
		}
		p++;
	}
	spin_unlock(&resource_alignment_lock);
	return align;
}

/*
 * This function disables memory decoding and releases memory resources
 * of the device specified by kernel's boot parameter 'pci=resource_alignment='.
 * It also rounds up size to specified alignment.
 * Later on, the kernel will assign page-aligned memory resource back
 * to the device.
 */
void pci_reassigndev_resource_alignment(struct pci_dev *dev)
{
	int i;
	struct resource *r;
	resource_size_t align, size;
	u16 command;

	/* check if specified PCI is target device to reassign */
	align = pci_specified_resource_alignment(dev);
	if (!align)
		return;

	if (dev->hdr_type == PCI_HEADER_TYPE_NORMAL &&
	    (dev->class >> 8) == PCI_CLASS_BRIDGE_HOST) {
		dev_warn(&dev->dev,
			"Can't reassign resources to host bridge.\n");
		return;
	}

	dev_info(&dev->dev,
		"Disabling memory decoding and releasing memory resources.\n");
	pci_read_config_word(dev, PCI_COMMAND, &command);
	command &= ~PCI_COMMAND_MEMORY;
	pci_write_config_word(dev, PCI_COMMAND, command);

	for (i = 0; i < PCI_BRIDGE_RESOURCES; i++) {
		r = &dev->resource[i];
		if (!(r->flags & IORESOURCE_MEM))
			continue;
		size = resource_size(r);
		if (size < align) {
			size = align;
			dev_info(&dev->dev,
				"Rounding up size of resource #%d to %#llx.\n",
				i, (unsigned long long)size);
		}
		r->flags |= IORESOURCE_UNSET;
		r->end = size - 1;
		r->start = 0;
	}
	/* Need to disable bridge's resource window,
	 * to enable the kernel to reassign new resource
	 * window later on.
	 */
	if (dev->hdr_type == PCI_HEADER_TYPE_BRIDGE &&
	    (dev->class >> 8) == PCI_CLASS_BRIDGE_PCI) {
		for (i = PCI_BRIDGE_RESOURCES; i < PCI_NUM_RESOURCES; i++) {
			r = &dev->resource[i];
			if (!(r->flags & IORESOURCE_MEM))
				continue;
			r->flags |= IORESOURCE_UNSET;
			r->end = resource_size(r) - 1;
			r->start = 0;
		}
		pci_disable_bridge_window(dev);
	}
}

static ssize_t pci_set_resource_alignment_param(const char *buf, size_t count)
{
	if (count > RESOURCE_ALIGNMENT_PARAM_SIZE - 1)
		count = RESOURCE_ALIGNMENT_PARAM_SIZE - 1;
	spin_lock(&resource_alignment_lock);
	strncpy(resource_alignment_param, buf, count);
	resource_alignment_param[count] = '\0';
	spin_unlock(&resource_alignment_lock);
	return count;
}

static ssize_t pci_get_resource_alignment_param(char *buf, size_t size)
{
	size_t count;
	spin_lock(&resource_alignment_lock);
	count = snprintf(buf, size, "%s", resource_alignment_param);
	spin_unlock(&resource_alignment_lock);
	return count;
}

static ssize_t pci_resource_alignment_show(struct bus_type *bus, char *buf)
{
	return pci_get_resource_alignment_param(buf, PAGE_SIZE);
}

static ssize_t pci_resource_alignment_store(struct bus_type *bus,
					const char *buf, size_t count)
{
	return pci_set_resource_alignment_param(buf, count);
}

BUS_ATTR(resource_alignment, 0644, pci_resource_alignment_show,
					pci_resource_alignment_store);

static int __init pci_resource_alignment_sysfs_init(void)
{
	return bus_create_file(&pci_bus_type,
					&bus_attr_resource_alignment);
}

late_initcall(pci_resource_alignment_sysfs_init);

static void pci_no_domains(void)
{
#ifdef CONFIG_PCI_DOMAINS
	pci_domains_supported = 0;
#endif
}

/**
 * pci_ext_cfg_avail - can we access extended PCI config space?
 *
 * Returns 1 if we can access PCI extended config space (offsets
 * greater than 0xff). This is the default implementation. Architecture
 * implementations can override this.
 */
int __weak pci_ext_cfg_avail(void)
{
	return 1;
}

void __weak pci_fixup_cardbus(struct pci_bus *bus)
{
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(pci_fixup_cardbus);

static int __init pci_setup(char *str)
{
	while (str) {
		char *k = strchr(str, ',');
		if (k)
			*k++ = 0;
		if (*str && (str = pcibios_setup(str)) && *str) {
			if (!strcmp(str, "nomsi")) {
				pci_no_msi();
			} else if (!strcmp(str, "noaer")) {
				pci_no_aer();
			} else if (!strncmp(str, "realloc=", 8)) {
				pci_realloc_get_opt(str + 8);
			} else if (!strncmp(str, "realloc", 7)) {
				pci_realloc_get_opt("on");
			} else if (!strcmp(str, "nodomains")) {
				pci_no_domains();
			} else if (!strncmp(str, "noari", 5)) {
				pcie_ari_disabled = true;
			} else if (!strncmp(str, "cbiosize=", 9)) {
				pci_cardbus_io_size = memparse(str + 9, &str);
			} else if (!strncmp(str, "cbmemsize=", 10)) {
				pci_cardbus_mem_size = memparse(str + 10, &str);
			} else if (!strncmp(str, "resource_alignment=", 19)) {
				pci_set_resource_alignment_param(str + 19,
							strlen(str + 19));
			} else if (!strncmp(str, "ecrc=", 5)) {
				pcie_ecrc_get_policy(str + 5);
			} else if (!strncmp(str, "hpiosize=", 9)) {
				pci_hotplug_io_size = memparse(str + 9, &str);
			} else if (!strncmp(str, "hpmemsize=", 10)) {
				pci_hotplug_mem_size = memparse(str + 10, &str);
			} else if (!strncmp(str, "pcie_bus_tune_off", 17)) {
				pcie_bus_config = PCIE_BUS_TUNE_OFF;
			} else if (!strncmp(str, "pcie_bus_safe", 13)) {
				pcie_bus_config = PCIE_BUS_SAFE;
			} else if (!strncmp(str, "pcie_bus_perf", 13)) {
				pcie_bus_config = PCIE_BUS_PERFORMANCE;
			} else if (!strncmp(str, "pcie_bus_peer2peer", 18)) {
				pcie_bus_config = PCIE_BUS_PEER2PEER;
			} else if (!strncmp(str, "pcie_scan_all", 13)) {
				pci_add_flags(PCI_SCAN_ALL_PCIE_DEVS);
			} else {
				printk(KERN_ERR "PCI: Unknown option `%s'\n",
						str);
			}
		}
		str = k;
	}
	return 0;
}
early_param("pci", pci_setup);

EXPORT_SYMBOL(pci_reenable_device);
EXPORT_SYMBOL(pci_enable_device_io);
EXPORT_SYMBOL(pci_enable_device_mem);
EXPORT_SYMBOL(pci_enable_device);
EXPORT_SYMBOL(pcim_enable_device);
EXPORT_SYMBOL(pcim_pin_device);
EXPORT_SYMBOL(pci_disable_device);
EXPORT_SYMBOL(pci_find_capability);
EXPORT_SYMBOL(pci_bus_find_capability);
EXPORT_SYMBOL(pci_release_regions);
EXPORT_SYMBOL(pci_request_regions);
EXPORT_SYMBOL(pci_request_regions_exclusive);
EXPORT_SYMBOL(pci_release_region);
EXPORT_SYMBOL(pci_request_region);
EXPORT_SYMBOL(pci_request_region_exclusive);
EXPORT_SYMBOL(pci_release_selected_regions);
EXPORT_SYMBOL(pci_request_selected_regions);
EXPORT_SYMBOL(pci_request_selected_regions_exclusive);
EXPORT_SYMBOL(pci_set_master);
EXPORT_SYMBOL(pci_clear_master);
EXPORT_SYMBOL(pci_set_mwi);
EXPORT_SYMBOL(pci_try_set_mwi);
EXPORT_SYMBOL(pci_clear_mwi);
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(pci_intx);
EXPORT_SYMBOL(pci_assign_resource);
EXPORT_SYMBOL(pci_find_parent_resource);
EXPORT_SYMBOL(pci_select_bars);

EXPORT_SYMBOL(pci_set_power_state);
EXPORT_SYMBOL(pci_save_state);
EXPORT_SYMBOL(pci_restore_state);
EXPORT_SYMBOL(pci_pme_capable);
EXPORT_SYMBOL(pci_pme_active);
EXPORT_SYMBOL(pci_wake_from_d3);
EXPORT_SYMBOL(pci_prepare_to_sleep);
EXPORT_SYMBOL(pci_back_from_sleep);
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(pci_set_pcie_reset_state);