cpufreq_conservative.c

/*
 *  drivers/cpufreq/cpufreq_conservative.c
 *
 *  Copyright (C)  2001 Russell King
 *            (C)  2003 Venkatesh Pallipadi <venkatesh.pallipadi@intel.com>.
 *                      Jun Nakajima <jun.nakajima@intel.com>
 *            (C)  2009 Alexander Clouter <alex@digriz.org.uk>
 *
 * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
 * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 as
 * published by the Free Software Foundation.
 */

#include <linux/kernel.h>
#include <linux/module.h>
#include <linux/init.h>
#include <linux/cpufreq.h>
#include <linux/cpu.h>
#include <linux/jiffies.h>
#include <linux/kernel_stat.h>
#include <linux/mutex.h>
#include <linux/hrtimer.h>
#include <linux/tick.h>
#include <linux/ktime.h>
#include <linux/sched.h>

/*
 * dbs is used in this file as a shortform for demandbased switching
 * It helps to keep variable names smaller, simpler
 */

#define DEF_FREQUENCY_UP_THRESHOLD		(80)
#define DEF_FREQUENCY_DOWN_THRESHOLD		(20)

/*
 * The polling frequency of this governor depends on the capability of
 * the processor. Default polling frequency is 1000 times the transition
 * latency of the processor. The governor will work on any processor with
 * transition latency <= 10mS, using appropriate sampling
 * rate.
 * For CPUs with transition latency > 10mS (mostly drivers with CPUFREQ_ETERNAL)
 * this governor will not work.
 * All times here are in uS.
 */
static unsigned int def_sampling_rate;
#define MIN_SAMPLING_RATE_RATIO			(2)
/* for correct statistics, we need at least 10 ticks between each measure */
#define MIN_STAT_SAMPLING_RATE 			\
			(MIN_SAMPLING_RATE_RATIO * jiffies_to_usecs(10))
#define MIN_SAMPLING_RATE			\
			(def_sampling_rate / MIN_SAMPLING_RATE_RATIO)
/* Above MIN_SAMPLING_RATE will vanish with its sysfs file soon
 * Define the minimal settable sampling rate to the greater of:
 *   - "HW transition latency" * 100 (same as default sampling / 10)
 *   - MIN_STAT_SAMPLING_RATE
 * To avoid that userspace shoots itself.
*/
static unsigned int minimum_sampling_rate(void)
{
	return max(def_sampling_rate / 10, MIN_STAT_SAMPLING_RATE);
}

/* This will also vanish soon with removing sampling_rate_max */
#define MAX_SAMPLING_RATE			(500 * def_sampling_rate)
#define LATENCY_MULTIPLIER			(1000)
#define DEF_SAMPLING_DOWN_FACTOR		(1)
#define MAX_SAMPLING_DOWN_FACTOR		(10)
#define TRANSITION_LATENCY_LIMIT		(10 * 1000 * 1000)

static void do_dbs_timer(struct work_struct *work);

struct cpu_dbs_info_s {
	cputime64_t prev_cpu_idle;
	cputime64_t prev_cpu_wall;
	cputime64_t prev_cpu_nice;
	struct cpufreq_policy *cur_policy;
	struct delayed_work work;
	unsigned int down_skip;
	unsigned int requested_freq;
	int cpu;
	unsigned int enable:1;
};
static DEFINE_PER_CPU(struct cpu_dbs_info_s, cpu_dbs_info);

static unsigned int dbs_enable;	/* number of CPUs using this policy */

/*
 * DEADLOCK ALERT! There is a ordering requirement between cpu_hotplug
 * lock and dbs_mutex. cpu_hotplug lock should always be held before
 * dbs_mutex. If any function that can potentially take cpu_hotplug lock
 * (like __cpufreq_driver_target()) is being called with dbs_mutex taken, then
 * cpu_hotplug lock should be taken before that. Note that cpu_hotplug lock
 * is recursive for the same process. -Venki
 * DEADLOCK ALERT! (2) : do_dbs_timer() must not take the dbs_mutex, because it
 * would deadlock with cancel_delayed_work_sync(), which is needed for proper
 * raceless workqueue teardown.
 */
static DEFINE_MUTEX(dbs_mutex);

static struct workqueue_struct	*kconservative_wq;

static struct dbs_tuners {
	unsigned int sampling_rate;
	unsigned int sampling_down_factor;
	unsigned int up_threshold;
	unsigned int down_threshold;
	unsigned int ignore_nice;
	unsigned int freq_step;
} dbs_tuners_ins = {
	.up_threshold = DEF_FREQUENCY_UP_THRESHOLD,
	.down_threshold = DEF_FREQUENCY_DOWN_THRESHOLD,
	.sampling_down_factor = DEF_SAMPLING_DOWN_FACTOR,
	.ignore_nice = 0,
	.freq_step = 5,
};

static inline cputime64_t get_cpu_idle_time_jiffy(unsigned int cpu,
							cputime64_t *wall)
{
	cputime64_t idle_time;
	cputime64_t cur_wall_time;
	cputime64_t busy_time;

	cur_wall_time = jiffies64_to_cputime64(get_jiffies_64());
	busy_time = cputime64_add(kstat_cpu(cpu).cpustat.user,
			kstat_cpu(cpu).cpustat.system);

	busy_time = cputime64_add(busy_time, kstat_cpu(cpu).cpustat.irq);
	busy_time = cputime64_add(busy_time, kstat_cpu(cpu).cpustat.softirq);
	busy_time = cputime64_add(busy_time, kstat_cpu(cpu).cpustat.steal);
	busy_time = cputime64_add(busy_time, kstat_cpu(cpu).cpustat.nice);

	idle_time = cputime64_sub(cur_wall_time, busy_time);
	if (wall)
		*wall = cur_wall_time;

	return idle_time;
}

static inline cputime64_t get_cpu_idle_time(unsigned int cpu, cputime64_t *wall)
{
	u64 idle_time = get_cpu_idle_time_us(cpu, wall);

	if (idle_time == -1ULL)
		return get_cpu_idle_time_jiffy(cpu, wall);

	return idle_time;
}

/* keep track of frequency transitions */
static int
dbs_cpufreq_notifier(struct notifier_block *nb, unsigned long val,
		     void *data)
{
	struct cpufreq_freqs *freq = data;
	struct cpu_dbs_info_s *this_dbs_info = &per_cpu(cpu_dbs_info,
							freq->cpu);

	struct cpufreq_policy *policy;

	if (!this_dbs_info->enable)
		return 0;

	policy = this_dbs_info->cur_policy;

	/*
	 * we only care if our internally tracked freq moves outside
	 * the 'valid' ranges of freqency available to us otherwise
	 * we do not change it
	*/
	if (this_dbs_info->requested_freq > policy->max
			|| this_dbs_info->requested_freq < policy->min)
		this_dbs_info->requested_freq = freq->new;

	return 0;
}

static struct notifier_block dbs_cpufreq_notifier_block = {
	.notifier_call = dbs_cpufreq_notifier
};

/************************** sysfs interface ************************/
static ssize_t show_sampling_rate_max(struct cpufreq_policy *policy, char *buf)
{
	static int print_once;

	if (!print_once) {
		printk(KERN_INFO "CPUFREQ: conservative sampling_rate_max "
		       "sysfs file is deprecated - used by: %s\n",
		       current->comm);
		print_once = 1;
	}
	return sprintf(buf, "%u\n", MAX_SAMPLING_RATE);
}

static ssize_t show_sampling_rate_min(struct cpufreq_policy *policy, char *buf)
{
	static int print_once;

	if (!print_once) {
		printk(KERN_INFO "CPUFREQ: conservative sampling_rate_max "
		       "sysfs file is deprecated - used by: %s\n", current->comm);
		print_once = 1;
	}
	return sprintf(buf, "%u\n", MIN_SAMPLING_RATE);
}

#define define_one_ro(_name)		\
static struct freq_attr _name =		\
__ATTR(_name, 0444, show_##_name, NULL)

define_one_ro(sampling_rate_max);
define_one_ro(sampling_rate_min);

/* cpufreq_conservative Governor Tunables */
#define show_one(file_name, object)					\
static ssize_t show_##file_name						\
(struct cpufreq_policy *unused, char *buf)				\
{									\
	return sprintf(buf, "%u\n", dbs_tuners_ins.object);		\
}
show_one(sampling_rate, sampling_rate);
show_one(sampling_down_factor, sampling_down_factor);
show_one(up_threshold, up_threshold);
show_one(down_threshold, down_threshold);
show_one(ignore_nice_load, ignore_nice);
show_one(freq_step, freq_step);

static ssize_t store_sampling_down_factor(struct cpufreq_policy *unused,
		const char *buf, size_t count)
{
	unsigned int input;
	int ret;
	ret = sscanf(buf, "%u", &input);

	if (ret != 1 || input > MAX_SAMPLING_DOWN_FACTOR || input < 1)
		return -EINVAL;

	mutex_lock(&dbs_mutex);
	dbs_tuners_ins.sampling_down_factor = input;
	mutex_unlock(&dbs_mutex);

	return count;
}

static ssize_t store_sampling_rate(struct cpufreq_policy *unused,
		const char *buf, size_t count)
{
	unsigned int input;
	int ret;
	ret = sscanf(buf, "%u", &input);

	if (ret != 1)
		return -EINVAL;

	mutex_lock(&dbs_mutex);
	dbs_tuners_ins.sampling_rate = max(input, minimum_sampling_rate());
	mutex_unlock(&dbs_mutex);

	return count;
}

static ssize_t store_up_threshold(struct cpufreq_policy *unused,
		const char *buf, size_t count)
{
	unsigned int input;
	int ret;
	ret = sscanf(buf, "%u", &input);

	mutex_lock(&dbs_mutex);
	if (ret != 1 || input > 100 ||
			input <= dbs_tuners_ins.down_threshold) {
		mutex_unlock(&dbs_mutex);
		return -EINVAL;
	}

	dbs_tuners_ins.up_threshold = input;
	mutex_unlock(&dbs_mutex);

	return count;
}

static ssize_t store_down_threshold(struct cpufreq_policy *unused,
		const char *buf, size_t count)
{
	unsigned int input;
	int ret;
	ret = sscanf(buf, "%u", &input);

	mutex_lock(&dbs_mutex);
	/* cannot be lower than 11 otherwise freq will not fall */
	if (ret != 1 || input < 11 || input > 100 ||
			input >= dbs_tuners_ins.up_threshold) {
		mutex_unlock(&dbs_mutex);
		return -EINVAL;
	}

	dbs_tuners_ins.down_threshold = input;
	mutex_unlock(&dbs_mutex);

	return count;
}

static ssize_t store_ignore_nice_load(struct cpufreq_policy *policy,
		const char *buf, size_t count)
{
	unsigned int input;
	int ret;

	unsigned int j;

	ret = sscanf(buf, "%u", &input);
	if (ret != 1)
		return -EINVAL;

	if (input > 1)
		input = 1;

	mutex_lock(&dbs_mutex);
	if (input == dbs_tuners_ins.ignore_nice) { /* nothing to do */
		mutex_unlock(&dbs_mutex);
		return count;
	}
	dbs_tuners_ins.ignore_nice = input;

	/* we need to re-evaluate prev_cpu_idle */
	for_each_online_cpu(j) {
		struct cpu_dbs_info_s *dbs_info;
		dbs_info = &per_cpu(cpu_dbs_info, j);
		dbs_info->prev_cpu_idle = get_cpu_idle_time(j,
						&dbs_info->prev_cpu_wall);
		if (dbs_tuners_ins.ignore_nice)
			dbs_info->prev_cpu_nice = kstat_cpu(j).cpustat.nice;
	}
	mutex_unlock(&dbs_mutex);

	return count;
}

static ssize_t store_freq_step(struct cpufreq_policy *policy,
		const char *buf, size_t count)
{
	unsigned int input;
	int ret;
	ret = sscanf(buf, "%u", &input);

	if (ret != 1)
		return -EINVAL;

	if (input > 100)
		input = 100;

	/* no need to test here if freq_step is zero as the user might actually
	 * want this, they would be crazy though :) */
	mutex_lock(&dbs_mutex);
	dbs_tuners_ins.freq_step = input;
	mutex_unlock(&dbs_mutex);

	return count;
}

#define define_one_rw(_name) \
static struct freq_attr _name = \
__ATTR(_name, 0644, show_##_name, store_##_name)

define_one_rw(sampling_rate);
define_one_rw(sampling_down_factor);
define_one_rw(up_threshold);
define_one_rw(down_threshold);
define_one_rw(ignore_nice_load);
define_one_rw(freq_step);

static struct attribute *dbs_attributes[] = {
	&sampling_rate_max.attr,
	&sampling_rate_min.attr,
	&sampling_rate.attr,
	&sampling_down_factor.attr,
	&up_threshold.attr,
	&down_threshold.attr,
	&ignore_nice_load.attr,
	&freq_step.attr,
	NULL
};

static struct attribute_group dbs_attr_group = {
	.attrs = dbs_attributes,
	.name = "conservative",
};

/************************** sysfs end ************************/

static void dbs_check_cpu(struct cpu_dbs_info_s *this_dbs_info)
{
	unsigned int load = 0;
	unsigned int freq_target;

	struct cpufreq_policy *policy;
	unsigned int j;

	policy = this_dbs_info->cur_policy;

	/*
	 * Every sampling_rate, we check, if current idle time is less
	 * than 20% (default), then we try to increase frequency
	 * Every sampling_rate*sampling_down_factor, we check, if current
	 * idle time is more than 80%, then we try to decrease frequency
	 *
	 * Any frequency increase takes it to the maximum frequency.
	 * Frequency reduction happens at minimum steps of
	 * 5% (default) of maximum frequency
	 */

	/* Get Absolute Load */
	for_each_cpu(j, policy->cpus) {
		struct cpu_dbs_info_s *j_dbs_info;
		cputime64_t cur_wall_time, cur_idle_time;
		unsigned int idle_time, wall_time;

		j_dbs_info = &per_cpu(cpu_dbs_info, j);

		cur_idle_time = get_cpu_idle_time(j, &cur_wall_time);

		wall_time = (unsigned int) cputime64_sub(cur_wall_time,
				j_dbs_info->prev_cpu_wall);
		j_dbs_info->prev_cpu_wall = cur_wall_time;

		idle_time = (unsigned int) cputime64_sub(cur_idle_time,
				j_dbs_info->prev_cpu_idle);
		j_dbs_info->prev_cpu_idle = cur_idle_time;

		if (dbs_tuners_ins.ignore_nice) {
			cputime64_t cur_nice;
			unsigned long cur_nice_jiffies;

			cur_nice = cputime64_sub(kstat_cpu(j).cpustat.nice,
					 j_dbs_info->prev_cpu_nice);
			/*
			 * Assumption: nice time between sampling periods will
			 * be less than 2^32 jiffies for 32 bit sys
			 */
			cur_nice_jiffies = (unsigned long)
					cputime64_to_jiffies64(cur_nice);

			j_dbs_info->prev_cpu_nice = kstat_cpu(j).cpustat.nice;
			idle_time += jiffies_to_usecs(cur_nice_jiffies);
		}

		if (unlikely(!wall_time || wall_time < idle_time))
			continue;

		load = 100 * (wall_time - idle_time) / wall_time;
	}

	/*
	 * break out if we 'cannot' reduce the speed as the user might
	 * want freq_step to be zero
	 */
	if (dbs_tuners_ins.freq_step == 0)
		return;

	/* Check for frequency increase */
	if (load > dbs_tuners_ins.up_threshold) {
		this_dbs_info->down_skip = 0;

		/* if we are already at full speed then break out early */
		if (this_dbs_info->requested_freq == policy->max)
			return;

		freq_target = (dbs_tuners_ins.freq_step * policy->max) / 100;

		/* max freq cannot be less than 100. But who knows.... */
		if (unlikely(freq_target == 0))
			freq_target = 5;

		this_dbs_info->requested_freq += freq_target;
		if (this_dbs_info->requested_freq > policy->max)
			this_dbs_info->requested_freq = policy->max;

		__cpufreq_driver_target(policy, this_dbs_info->requested_freq,
			CPUFREQ_RELATION_H);
		return;
	}

	/*
	 * The optimal frequency is the frequency that is the lowest that
	 * can support the current CPU usage without triggering the up
	 * policy. To be safe, we focus 10 points under the threshold.
	 */
	if (load < (dbs_tuners_ins.down_threshold - 10)) {
		freq_target = (dbs_tuners_ins.freq_step * policy->max) / 100;

		this_dbs_info->requested_freq -= freq_target;
		if (this_dbs_info->requested_freq < policy->min)
			this_dbs_info->requested_freq = policy->min;

		/*
		 * if we cannot reduce the frequency anymore, break out early
		 */
		if (policy->cur == policy->min)
			return;

		__cpufreq_driver_target(policy, this_dbs_info->requested_freq,
				CPUFREQ_RELATION_H);
		return;
	}
}

static void do_dbs_timer(struct work_struct *work)
{
	struct cpu_dbs_info_s *dbs_info =
		container_of(work, struct cpu_dbs_info_s, work.work);
	unsigned int cpu = dbs_info->cpu;

	/* We want all CPUs to do sampling nearly on same jiffy */
	int delay = usecs_to_jiffies(dbs_tuners_ins.sampling_rate);

	delay -= jiffies % delay;

	if (lock_policy_rwsem_write(cpu) < 0)
		return;

	if (!dbs_info->enable) {
		unlock_policy_rwsem_write(cpu);
		return;
	}

	dbs_check_cpu(dbs_info);

	queue_delayed_work_on(cpu, kconservative_wq, &dbs_info->work, delay);
	unlock_policy_rwsem_write(cpu);
}

static inline void dbs_timer_init(struct cpu_dbs_info_s *dbs_info)
{
	/* We want all CPUs to do sampling nearly on same jiffy */
	int delay = usecs_to_jiffies(dbs_tuners_ins.sampling_rate);
	delay -= jiffies % delay;

	dbs_info->enable = 1;
	INIT_DELAYED_WORK_DEFERRABLE(&dbs_info->work, do_dbs_timer);
	queue_delayed_work_on(dbs_info->cpu, kconservative_wq, &dbs_info->work,
				delay);
}

static inline void dbs_timer_exit(struct cpu_dbs_info_s *dbs_info)
{
	dbs_info->enable = 0;
	cancel_delayed_work_sync(&dbs_info->work);
}

static int cpufreq_governor_dbs(struct cpufreq_policy *policy,
				   unsigned int event)
{
	unsigned int cpu = policy->cpu;
	struct cpu_dbs_info_s *this_dbs_info;
	unsigned int j;
	int rc;

	this_dbs_info = &per_cpu(cpu_dbs_info, cpu);

	switch (event) {
	case CPUFREQ_GOV_START:
		if ((!cpu_online(cpu)) || (!policy->cur))
			return -EINVAL;

		if (this_dbs_info->enable) /* Already enabled */
			break;

		mutex_lock(&dbs_mutex);

		rc = sysfs_create_group(&policy->kobj, &dbs_attr_group);
		if (rc) {
			mutex_unlock(&dbs_mutex);
			return rc;
		}

		for_each_cpu(j, policy->cpus) {
			struct cpu_dbs_info_s *j_dbs_info;
			j_dbs_info = &per_cpu(cpu_dbs_info, j);
			j_dbs_info->cur_policy = policy;

			j_dbs_info->prev_cpu_idle = get_cpu_idle_time(j,
						&j_dbs_info->prev_cpu_wall);
			if (dbs_tuners_ins.ignore_nice) {
				j_dbs_info->prev_cpu_nice =
						kstat_cpu(j).cpustat.nice;
			}
		}
		this_dbs_info->down_skip = 0;
		this_dbs_info->requested_freq = policy->cur;

		dbs_enable++;
		/*
		 * Start the timerschedule work, when this governor
		 * is used for first time
		 */
		if (dbs_enable == 1) {
			unsigned int latency;
			/* policy latency is in nS. Convert it to uS first */
			latency = policy->cpuinfo.transition_latency / 1000;
			if (latency == 0)
				latency = 1;

			def_sampling_rate =
				max(latency * LATENCY_MULTIPLIER,
				    MIN_STAT_SAMPLING_RATE);

			dbs_tuners_ins.sampling_rate = def_sampling_rate;

			cpufreq_register_notifier(
					&dbs_cpufreq_notifier_block,
					CPUFREQ_TRANSITION_NOTIFIER);
		}
		dbs_timer_init(this_dbs_info);

		mutex_unlock(&dbs_mutex);

		break;

	case CPUFREQ_GOV_STOP:
		mutex_lock(&dbs_mutex);
		dbs_timer_exit(this_dbs_info);
		sysfs_remove_group(&policy->kobj, &dbs_attr_group);
		dbs_enable--;

		/*
		 * Stop the timerschedule work, when this governor
		 * is used for first time
		 */
		if (dbs_enable == 0)
			cpufreq_unregister_notifier(
					&dbs_cpufreq_notifier_block,
					CPUFREQ_TRANSITION_NOTIFIER);

		mutex_unlock(&dbs_mutex);

		break;

	case CPUFREQ_GOV_LIMITS:
		mutex_lock(&dbs_mutex);
		if (policy->max < this_dbs_info->cur_policy->cur)
			__cpufreq_driver_target(
					this_dbs_info->cur_policy,
					policy->max, CPUFREQ_RELATION_H);
		else if (policy->min > this_dbs_info->cur_policy->cur)
			__cpufreq_driver_target(
					this_dbs_info->cur_policy,
					policy->min, CPUFREQ_RELATION_L);
		mutex_unlock(&dbs_mutex);

		break;
	}
	return 0;
}

#ifndef CONFIG_CPU_FREQ_DEFAULT_GOV_CONSERVATIVE
static
#endif
struct cpufreq_governor cpufreq_gov_conservative = {
	.name			= "conservative",
	.governor		= cpufreq_governor_dbs,
	.max_transition_latency	= TRANSITION_LATENCY_LIMIT,
	.owner			= THIS_MODULE,
};

static int __init cpufreq_gov_dbs_init(void)
{
	int err;

	kconservative_wq = create_workqueue("kconservative");
	if (!kconservative_wq) {
		printk(KERN_ERR "Creation of kconservative failed\n");
		return -EFAULT;
	}

	err = cpufreq_register_governor(&cpufreq_gov_conservative);
	if (err)
		destroy_workqueue(kconservative_wq);

	return err;
}

static void __exit cpufreq_gov_dbs_exit(void)
{
	cpufreq_unregister_governor(&cpufreq_gov_conservative);
	destroy_workqueue(kconservative_wq);
}


MODULE_AUTHOR("Alexander Clouter <alex@digriz.org.uk>");
MODULE_DESCRIPTION("'cpufreq_conservative' - A dynamic cpufreq governor for "
		"Low Latency Frequency Transition capable processors "
		"optimised for use in a battery environment");
MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");

#ifdef CONFIG_CPU_FREQ_DEFAULT_GOV_CONSERVATIVE
fs_initcall(cpufreq_gov_dbs_init);
#else
module_init(cpufreq_gov_dbs_init);
#endif
module_exit(cpufreq_gov_dbs_exit);