Currently although we have an sPAPRMachineState descended from MachineState
we don't have an sPAPRMAchineClass descended from MachineClass.  So far it
hasn't been needed, but several upcoming features are going to want it,
so this patch creates a stub implementation.
Signed-off-by: NMichael Roth <mdroth@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: NBharata B Rao <bharata@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: NDavid Gibson <david@gibson.dropbear.id.au>
Signed-off-by: NAlexander Graf <agraf@suse.de>

The sPAPRMachineState structure includes an entry_point field containing
the initial PC value for starting the machine, even though this always has
the value 0x100.

I think this is a hangover from very early versions which bypassed the
firmware when using -kernel.  In any case it has no function now, so remove
it.
Signed-off-by: NDavid Gibson <david@gibson.dropbear.id.au>
Signed-off-by: NAlexander Graf <agraf@suse.de>

The ram_limit field was imported from sPAPREnvironment where it predates
the machine's ram size being available generically from machine->ram_size.

Worse, the existing code was inconsistent about where it got the ram size
from.  Sometimes it used spapr->ram_limit, sometimes the global 'ram_size'
and sometimes a local 'ram_size' masking the global.

This cleans up the code to consistently use machine->ram_size, eliminating
spapr->ram_limit in the process.
Signed-off-by: NDavid Gibson <david@gibson.dropbear.id.au>
Signed-off-by: NAlexander Graf <agraf@suse.de>

The code for -machine pseries maintains a global sPAPREnvironment structure
which keeps track of general state information about the guest platform.
This predates the existence of the MachineState structure, but performs
basically the same function.

Now that we have the generic MachineState, fold sPAPREnvironment into
sPAPRMachineState, the pseries specific subclass of MachineState.

This is mostly a matter of search and replace, although a few places which
relied on the global spapr variable are changed to find the structure via
qdev_get_machine().
Signed-off-by: NDavid Gibson <david@gibson.dropbear.id.au>
Signed-off-by: NAlexander Graf <agraf@suse.de>

The changelog is:
  > version: update to 20150429
  > pci: Use QEMU created PCI device nodes
  > usb: support 64-bit pci bars
  > pci: Support 64-bit address translation
  > pci: program correct bridge limit registers during probe
  > scsi: handle report-luns failure
  > Fix "key?" Forth word when using USB keyboards
  > Remove bulk.fs package
  > Include make.rules in the library Makefiles
Signed-off-by: NAlexey Kardashevskiy <aik@ozlabs.ru>
Signed-off-by: NAlexander Graf <agraf@suse.de>

XICS needs to know the upper value for cpu_index as it is used to compute
the number of servers:

    smp_cpus * kvmppc_smt_threads() / smp_threads

When passing -smp cpus=1,threads=9 on a POWER8 host, we end up with:

    1 * 8 / 9 = 0

... which leads to an assertion in both emulated:

Number of servers needs to be greater 0
Aborted (core dumped)

... and in-kernel XICS:

xics_kvm_realize: Assertion `icp->nr_servers' failed.
Aborted (core dumped)

With this patch, we are sure that nr_servers > 0. Passing the same bogus
-smp option then leads to:

qemu-system-ppc64: Cannot support more than 8 threads on PPC with KVM

... which is a lot more explicit than the XICS errors.
Signed-off-by: NGreg Kurz <gkurz@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: NDavid Gibson <david@gibson.dropbear.id.au>
Signed-off-by: NAlexander Graf <agraf@suse.de>

Current PPC code relies on -mem-path being used in order for
hugepage support to be detected. With the introduction of
MemoryBackendFile we can now handle this via:
  -object memory-file-backend,mem-path=...,id=hugemem0 \
  -numa node,id=mem0,memdev=hugemem0

Management tools like libvirt treat the 2 approaches as
interchangeable in some cases, which can lead to user-visible
regressions even for previously supported guest configurations.

Fix these by also iterating through any configured memory
backends that may be backed by hugepages.

Since the old code assumed hugepages always backed the entirety
of guest memory, play it safe an pick the minimum across the
max pages sizes for all backends, even ones that aren't backed
by hugepages.
Signed-off-by: NMichael Roth <mdroth@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: NDavid Gibson <david@gibson.dropbear.id.au>
Signed-off-by: NAlexander Graf <agraf@suse.de>

The current macio implementation declares an interrupt that doesn't appear to
exist in the hardware or any other emulator implementation. OpenBIOS detects
this interrupt and generates an 'interrupts' property in the macio device tree
entry. Mac OS 9 halts boot when it detects this interrupt, so it has been
removed to permit further progress in the boot process.
Signed-off-by: NCormac O'Brien <i.am.cormac.obrien@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: NMark Cave-Ayland <mark.cave-ayland@ilande.co.uk>
Signed-off-by: NAlexander Graf <agraf@suse.de>

In qemu-linux-user, when calling gethostbyname2(),
it was hanging in .__res_nmkquery.

(gdb) bt
0 in .__res_nmkquery () from /lib64/libresolv.so.2
1 in .__libc_res_nquery () from /lib64/libresolv.so.2
2 in .__libc_res_nsearch () from /lib64/libresolv.so.2
3 in ._nss_dns_gethostbyname3_r () from /lib64/libnss_dns.so.2
4 in ._nss_dns_gethostbyname2_r () from /lib64/libnss_dns.so.2
5 in .gethostbyname2_r () from /lib64/libc.so.6
6 in .gethostbyname2 () from /lib64/libc.so.6

.__res_nmkquery() is:

...
do { RANDOM_BITS (randombits); } while ((randombits & 0xffff) == 0);
...

<.__res_nmkquery+112>:	mftbl   r11
<.__res_nmkquery+116>:	clrlwi  r10,r11,16
<.__res_nmkquery+120>:	cmpwi   cr7,r10,0
<.__res_nmkquery+124>:	beq     cr7,<.__res_nmkquery+112>

but as mftbl (Move From Time Base Lower) is not implemented,
r11 is always 0, so we have an infinite loop.

This patch fills the Time Base register with cpu_get_real_ticks().
Signed-off-by: NLaurent Vivier <laurent@vivier.eu>
Signed-off-by: NAlexander Graf <agraf@suse.de>

VFIO updates for 2.4-rc0
- "real" host page size API (Peter Crosthwaite)
- platform device irqfd support (Eric Auger)
- spapr container disconnect fix (Alexey Kardashevskiy)
- quirk for broken Chelsio hardware (Gabriel Laupre)
- coverity fix (Paolo Bonzini)

# gpg: Signature made Mon Jul  6 19:23:49 2015 BST using RSA key ID 3BB08B22
# gpg: Good signature from "Alex Williamson <alex.williamson@redhat.com>"
# gpg:                 aka "Alex Williamson <alex@shazbot.org>"
# gpg:                 aka "Alex Williamson <alwillia@redhat.com>"
# gpg:                 aka "Alex Williamson <alex.l.williamson@gmail.com>"

* remotes/awilliam/tags/vfio-update-20150706.0:
  vfio/pci : Add pba_offset PCI quirk for Chelsio T5 devices
  vfio: Unregister IOMMU notifiers when container is destroyed
  hw/vfio/platform: add irqfd support
  kvm: some fixes to kvm_resamplefds_allowed
  sysbus: add irq_routing_notifier
  intc: arm_gic_kvm: set the qemu_irq/gsi mapping
  kvm-all.c: add qemu_irq/gsi hash table and utility routines
  kvm: rename kvm_irqchip_[add,remove]_irqfd_notifier with gsi suffix
  vfio: cpu: Use "real" page size API
  cpu-all: complete "real" host page size API
  vfio: fix return type of pread
Signed-off-by: NPeter Maydell <peter.maydell@linaro.org>

Conflicts:
	kvm-all.c

This series implements KVM support for SMM, and lets you enable/disable
it through the "smm" property of x86 machine types.

# gpg: Signature made Mon Jul  6 17:41:05 2015 BST using RSA key ID 78C7AE83
# gpg: Good signature from "Paolo Bonzini <bonzini@gnu.org>"
# gpg:                 aka "Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>"
# gpg: WARNING: This key is not certified with sufficiently trusted signatures!
# gpg:          It is not certain that the signature belongs to the owner.
# Primary key fingerprint: 46F5 9FBD 57D6 12E7 BFD4  E2F7 7E15 100C CD36 69B1
#      Subkey fingerprint: F133 3857 4B66 2389 866C  7682 BFFB D25F 78C7 AE83

* remotes/bonzini/tags/for-upstream-smm:
  pc: add SMM property
  ich9: add smm_enabled field and arguments
  pc_piix: rename kvm_enabled to smm_enabled
  target-i386: register a separate KVM address space including SMRAM regions
  kvm-all: kvm_irqchip_create is not expected to fail
  kvm-all: add support for multiple address spaces
  kvm-all: make KVM's memory listener more generic
  kvm-all: move internal types to kvm_int.h
  kvm-all: remove useless typedef
  kvm-all: put kvm_mem_flags to more work
  target-i386: add support for SMBASE MSR and SMIs
  piix4/ich9: do not raise SMI on ACPI enable/disable commands
  linux-headers: Update to 4.2-rc1
Signed-off-by: NPeter Maydell <peter.maydell@linaro.org>

Fix pba_offset initialization value for Chelsio T5 Virtual Function
device. The T5 hardware has a bug in it where it reports a Pending Interrupt
Bit Array Offset of 0x8000 for its SR-IOV Virtual Functions instead
of the 0x1000 that the hardware actually uses internally. As the hardware
doesn't return the correct pba_offset value, add a quirk to instead
return a hardcoded value of 0x1000 when a Chelsio T5 VF device is
detected.

This bug has been fixed in the Chelsio's next chip series T6 but there are
no plans to respin the T5 ASIC for this bug. It is just documented in the
T5 Errata and left it at that.
Signed-off-by: NGabriel Laupre <glaupre@chelsio.com>
Reviewed-by: NBandan Das <bsd@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: NAlex Williamson <alex.williamson@redhat.com>

On systems with guest visible IOMMU, adding a new memory region onto
PCI bus calls vfio_listener_region_add() for every DMA window. This
installs a notifier for IOMMU memory regions. The notifier is supposed
to be removed vfio_listener_region_del(), however in the case of mixed
PHB (emulated + VFIO devices) when last VFIO device is unplugged and
container gets destroyed, all existing DMA windows stay alive altogether
with the notifiers which are on the linked list which head was in
the destroyed container.

This unregisters IOMMU memory region notifier when a container is
destroyed.
Signed-off-by: NAlexey Kardashevskiy <aik@ozlabs.ru>
Reviewed-by: NDavid Gibson <david@gibson.dropbear.id.au>
Signed-off-by: NAlex Williamson <alex.williamson@redhat.com>

This patch aims at optimizing IRQ handling using irqfd framework.

Instead of handling the eventfds on user-side they are handled on
kernel side using
- the KVM irqfd framework,
- the VFIO driver virqfd framework.

the virtual IRQ completion is trapped at interrupt controller
This removes the need for fast/slow path swap.

Overall this brings significant performance improvements.
Signed-off-by: NAlvise Rigo <a.rigo@virtualopensystems.com>
Signed-off-by: NEric Auger <eric.auger@linaro.org>
Reviewed-by: NAlex Bennée <alex.bennee@linaro.org>
Tested-by: NVikram Sethi <vikrams@codeaurora.org>
Acked-by: NPeter Maydell <peter.maydell@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: NAlex Williamson <alex.williamson@redhat.com>

Commit f41389ae introduced kvm_resamplefds_enabled() and
associated kvm_resamplefds_allowed boolean. This patch adds
non-KVM version for kvm_resamplefds_enabled and also declares
kvm_resamplefds_allowed in kvm-stub as it is done for fellow
kvm_irqfds_allowed.
Signed-off-by: NEric Auger <eric.auger@linaro.org>
Reviewed-by: NPeter Maydell <peter.maydell@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: NAlex Williamson <alex.williamson@redhat.com>

Add a new connect_irq_notifier notifier in the SysBusDeviceClass. This
notifier, if populated, is called after sysbus_connect_irq.

This mechanism is used to setup VFIO signaling once VFIO platform
devices get attached to their platform bus, on a machine init done
notifier.
Signed-off-by: NEric Auger <eric.auger@linaro.org>
Reviewed-by: NPeter Crosthwaite <peter.crosthwaite@xilinx.com>
Tested-by: NVikram Sethi <vikrams@codeaurora.org>
Reviewed-by: NPeter Maydell <peter.maydell@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: NAlex Williamson <alex.williamson@redhat.com>

The arm_gic_kvm now calls kvm_irqchip_set_qemuirq_gsi to build
the hash table storing qemu_irq/gsi mappings. From that point on
irqfd can be setup directly from the qemu_irq using
kvm_irqchip_add_irqfd_notifier.
Signed-off-by: NEric Auger <eric.auger@linaro.org>
Tested-by: NVikram Sethi <vikrams@codeaurora.org>
Acked-by: NPaolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: NPeter Maydell <peter.maydell@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: NAlex Williamson <alex.williamson@redhat.com>

VFIO platform device needs to setup irqfd but it does not know the
gsi corresponding to the device qemu_irq. This patch proposes to
store a hash table in kvm_state using the qemu_irq as key and the gsi
as a value.

kvm_irqchip_set_qemuirq_gsi allows to insert such a pair. The interrupt
controller is supposed to use it.

kvm_irqchip_[add, remove]_irqfd_notifier allows to setup/tear down
irqfd directly from the qemu_irq.
Signed-off-by: NEric Auger <eric.auger@linaro.org>
Tested-by: NVikram Sethi <vikrams@codeaurora.org>
Acked-by: NPaolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: NPeter Maydell <peter.maydell@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: NAlex Williamson <alex.williamson@redhat.com>

Anticipating for the introduction of new add/remove functions taking
a qemu_irq parameter, let's rename existing ones with a gsi suffix.
Signed-off-by: NEric Auger <eric.auger@linaro.org>
Tested-by: NVikram Sethi <vikrams@codeaurora.org>
Acked-by: NPaolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: NPeter Maydell <peter.maydell@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: NAlex Williamson <alex.williamson@redhat.com>

This is system level code, and should only depend on the host page
size, not the target page size.

Note that HOST_PAGE_SIZE is misleadingly lead and is really aligning
to both host and target page size. Hence it's replacement with
REAL_HOST_PAGE_SIZE.
Signed-off-by: NPeter Crosthwaite <crosthwaite.peter@gmail.com>
Tested-by: NAlexey Kardashevskiy <aik@ozlabs.ru>
Acked-by: NPaolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: NAlex Williamson <alex.williamson@redhat.com>

Currently the "host" page size alignment API is really aligning to both
host and target page sizes. There is the qemu_real_page_size which can
be used for the actual host page size but it's missing a mask and ALIGN
macro as provided for qemu_page_size. Complete the API. This allows
system level code that cares about the host page size to use a
consistent alignment interface without having to un-needingly align to
the target page size. This also reduces system level code dependency
on the cpu specific TARGET_PAGE_SIZE.
Signed-off-by: NPeter Crosthwaite <crosthwaite.peter@gmail.com>
Tested-by: NAlexey Kardashevskiy <aik@ozlabs.ru>
Acked-by: NPaolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: NAlex Williamson <alex.williamson@redhat.com>

size_t is an unsigned type, thus the error case is never reached in
the below call to pread.  If bytes is negative, it will be seen as
a very high positive value.

Spotted by Coverity.
Signed-off-by: NPaolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: NAlex Williamson <alex.williamson@redhat.com>

The property can take values on, off or auto.  The default is "off"
for KVM and pre-2.4 machines, otherwise "auto" (which makes it
available on TCG or on new-enough kernels).
Acked-by: NMichael S. Tsirkin <mst@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: NPaolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>

Q35's ACPI device is hard-coding SMM availability to KVM.  Place the
logic where the board is created instead, so that it will be possible
to override it.
Acked-by: NMichael S. Tsirkin <mst@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: NPaolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>

We will enable SMM even if KVM is in use.  Rename the field and
arguments.
Acked-by: NMichael S. Tsirkin <mst@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: NPaolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>

Signed-off-by: NPaolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>

KVM_CREATE_IRQCHIP should never fail, and so should its userspace
wrapper kvm_irqchip_create.  The function does not do anything
if the irqchip capability is not available, as is the case for PPC.

With this patch, kvm_arch_init can allocate memory and it will not
be leaked.
Signed-off-by: NPaolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>

Make kvm_memory_listener_register public, and assign a kernel
address space id to each KVMMemoryListener.
Signed-off-by: NPaolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>

No semantic change, but s->slots moves into a new struct
KVMMemoryListener.  KVM's memory listener becomes a member of struct
KVMState, and becomes of type KVMMemoryListener.
Signed-off-by: NPaolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>

i386 code will have to define a different KVMMemoryListener.  Create
an internal header so that KVMSlot is not exposed outside.
Signed-off-by: NPaolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>

Signed-off-by: NPaolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>

Currently kvm_mem_flags just translates bools to bits, let's
make it also determine the bools first. This avoids its parameter
list growing each time we add a flag.
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Jones <drjones@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: NPaolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>

Apart from the MSR, the smi field of struct kvm_vcpu_events has to be
translated into the corresponding CPUX86State fields.  Also,
memory transaction flags depend on SMM state, so pull it from struct
kvm_run on every exit from KVM to userspace.
Signed-off-by: NPaolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>

These commands are handled entirely by QEMU.  Do not raise an SMI
when they happen, because Windows (at least 2008r2) expects these
commands to work and (depending on the value of APMC_EN at
startup) the firmware might not have installed an SMI handler.

When this happens (e.g. the kernel supports SMIs, or you are using
TCG, but you have used "-machine smm=off") RIP is moved to 0x38000
where there is no code to execute.
Acked-by: NMichael S. Tsirkin <mst@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: NPaolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>

This updates linux-headers against master 4.2-rc1 (commit
d770e558e21961ad6cfdf0ff7df0eb5d7d4f0754). This is the result of
./scripts/update-linux-headers.sh work.

Cc: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>
Cc: Michael S. Tsirkin <mst@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: NAlexey Kardashevskiy <aik@ozlabs.ru>
Signed-off-by: NPaolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>

* more of Peter Crosthwaite's multiarch preparation patches
* unlocked MMIO support in KVM
* support for compilation with ICC

# gpg: Signature made Mon Jul  6 13:59:20 2015 BST using RSA key ID 78C7AE83
# gpg: Good signature from "Paolo Bonzini <bonzini@gnu.org>"
# gpg:                 aka "Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>"
# gpg: WARNING: This key is not certified with sufficiently trusted signatures!
# gpg:          It is not certain that the signature belongs to the owner.
# Primary key fingerprint: 46F5 9FBD 57D6 12E7 BFD4  E2F7 7E15 100C CD36 69B1
#      Subkey fingerprint: F133 3857 4B66 2389 866C  7682 BFFB D25F 78C7 AE83

* remotes/bonzini/tags/for-upstream:
  exec: skip MMIO regions correctly in cpu_physical_memory_write_rom_internal
  Stop including qemu-common.h in memory.h
  kvm: Switch to unlocked MMIO
  acpi: mark PMTIMER as unlocked
  kvm: Switch to unlocked PIO
  kvm: First step to push iothread lock out of inner run loop
  memory: let address_space_rw/ld*/st* run outside the BQL
  exec: pull qemu_flush_coalesced_mmio_buffer() into address_space_rw/ld*/st*
  memory: Add global-locking property to memory regions
  main-loop: introduce qemu_mutex_iothread_locked
  main-loop: use qemu_mutex_lock_iothread consistently
  Fix irq route entries exceeding KVM_MAX_IRQ_ROUTES
  cpu-defs: Move out TB_JMP defines
  include/exec: Move tb hash functions out
  include/exec: Move standard exceptions to cpu-all.h
  cpu-defs: Move CPU_TEMP_BUF_NLONGS to tcg
  memory_mapping: Rework cpu related includes
  cutils: allow compilation with icc
  qemu-common: add VEC_OR macro
Signed-off-by: NPeter Maydell <peter.maydell@linaro.org>

Loading the BIOS in the mac99 machine is interesting, because there is a
PROM in the middle of the BIOS region (from 16K to 32K).  Before memory
region accesses were clamped, when QEMU was asked to load a BIOS from
0xfff00000 to 0xffffffff it would put even those 16K from the BIOS file
into the region.  This is weird because those 16K were not actually
visible between 0xfff04000 and 0xfff07fff.  However, it worked.

After clamping was added, this also worked.  In this case, the
cpu_physical_memory_write_rom_internal function split the write in
three parts: the first 16K were copied, the PROM area (second 16K) were
ignored, then the rest was copied.

Problems then started with commit 965eb2fc (exec: do not clamp accesses
to MMIO regions, 2015-06-17).  Clamping accesses is not done for MMIO
regions because they can overlap wildly, and MMIO registers can be
expected to perform full-width accesses based only on their address
(with no respect for adjacent registers that could decode to completely
different MemoryRegions).  However, this lack of clamping also applied
to the PROM area!  cpu_physical_memory_write_rom_internal thus failed
to copy the third range above, i.e. only copied the first 16K of the BIOS.

In effect, address_space_translate is expecting _something else_ to do
the clamping for MMIO regions if the incoming length is large.  This
"something else" is memory_access_size in the case of address_space_rw,
so use the same logic in cpu_physical_memory_write_rom_internal.
Reported-by: NAlexander Graf <agraf@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: NLaurent Vivier <lvivier@redhat.com>
Tested-by: NLaurent Vivier <lvivier@redhat.com>
Fixes: 965eb2fcSigned-off-by: NPaolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>

Including qemu-common.h from other header files is generally a bad
idea, because it means it's very easy to end up with a circular
dependency. For instance, if we wanted to include memory.h from
qom/cpu.h we'd end up with this loop:
 memory.h -> qemu-common.h -> cpu.h -> cpu-qom.h -> qom/cpu.h -> memory.h

Remove the include from memory.h. This requires us to fix up a few
other files which were inadvertently getting declarations indirectly
through memory.h.

The biggest change is splitting the fprintf_function typedef out
into its own header so other headers can get at it without having
to include qemu-common.h.
Signed-off-by: NPeter Maydell <peter.maydell@linaro.org>
Message-Id: <1435933104-15216-1-git-send-email-peter.maydell@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: NPaolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>

Xtensa fixes:

- add 64-bit floating point registers;
- fix gdb register map construction.

# gpg: Signature made Mon Jul  6 11:27:45 2015 BST using RSA key ID F83FA044
# gpg: Good signature from "Max Filippov <max.filippov@cogentembedded.com>"
# gpg:                 aka "Max Filippov <jcmvbkbc@gmail.com>"

* remotes/xtensa/tags/20150706-xtensa:
  target-xtensa: fix gdb register map construction
  target-xtensa: add 64-bit floating point registers
Signed-off-by: NPeter Maydell <peter.maydell@linaro.org>

Due to different gdb overlay organization between windowed/call0
configurations core import script doesn't always work correctly.
Simplify the script: always copy complete gdb register map from overlay,
count registers at core registerstion time. Update existing cores.
Signed-off-by: NMax Filippov <jcmvbkbc@gmail.com>