spapr.c

/*
 * QEMU PowerPC pSeries Logical Partition (aka sPAPR) hardware System Emulator
 *
 * Copyright (c) 2004-2007 Fabrice Bellard
 * Copyright (c) 2007 Jocelyn Mayer
 * Copyright (c) 2010 David Gibson, IBM Corporation.
 *
 * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
 * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
 * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
 * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
 * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
 * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
 *
 * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
 * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
 *
 * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
 * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
 * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL
 * THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
 * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
 * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
 * THE SOFTWARE.
 *
 */
#include "sysemu.h"
#include "hw.h"
#include "elf.h"
#include "net.h"
#include "blockdev.h"
#include "cpus.h"
#include "kvm.h"
#include "kvm_ppc.h"

#include "hw/boards.h"
#include "hw/ppc.h"
#include "hw/loader.h"

#include "hw/spapr.h"
#include "hw/spapr_vio.h"
#include "hw/spapr_pci.h"
#include "hw/xics.h"
#include "hw/msi.h"

#include "kvm.h"
#include "kvm_ppc.h"
#include "pci.h"

#include "exec-memory.h"
#include "hw/usb.h"

#include <libfdt.h>

/* SLOF memory layout:
 *
 * SLOF raw image loaded at 0, copies its romfs right below the flat
 * device-tree, then position SLOF itself 31M below that
 *
 * So we set FW_OVERHEAD to 40MB which should account for all of that
 * and more
 *
 * We load our kernel at 4M, leaving space for SLOF initial image
 */
#define FDT_MAX_SIZE            0x10000
#define RTAS_MAX_SIZE           0x10000
#define FW_MAX_SIZE             0x400000
#define FW_FILE_NAME            "slof.bin"
#define FW_OVERHEAD             0x2800000
#define KERNEL_LOAD_ADDR        FW_MAX_SIZE

#define MIN_RMA_SLOF            128UL

#define TIMEBASE_FREQ           512000000ULL

#define MAX_CPUS                256
#define XICS_IRQS               1024

#define SPAPR_PCI_BUID          0x800000020000001ULL
#define SPAPR_PCI_MEM_WIN_ADDR  (0x10000000000ULL + 0xA0000000)
#define SPAPR_PCI_MEM_WIN_SIZE  0x20000000
#define SPAPR_PCI_IO_WIN_ADDR   (0x10000000000ULL + 0x80000000)
#define SPAPR_PCI_MSI_WIN_ADDR  (0x10000000000ULL + 0x90000000)

#define PHANDLE_XICP            0x00001111

#define HTAB_SIZE(spapr)        (1ULL << ((spapr)->htab_shift))

sPAPREnvironment *spapr;

int spapr_allocate_irq(int hint, bool lsi)
{
    int irq;

    if (hint) {
        irq = hint;
        /* FIXME: we should probably check for collisions somehow */
    } else {
        irq = spapr->next_irq++;
    }

    /* Configure irq type */
    if (!xics_get_qirq(spapr->icp, irq)) {
        return 0;
    }

    xics_set_irq_type(spapr->icp, irq, lsi);

    return irq;
}

/* Allocate block of consequtive IRQs, returns a number of the first */
int spapr_allocate_irq_block(int num, bool lsi)
{
    int first = -1;
    int i;

    for (i = 0; i < num; ++i) {
        int irq;

        irq = spapr_allocate_irq(0, lsi);
        if (!irq) {
            return -1;
        }

        if (0 == i) {
            first = irq;
        }

        /* If the above doesn't create a consecutive block then that's
         * an internal bug */
        assert(irq == (first + i));
    }

    return first;
}

static int spapr_fixup_cpu_dt(void *fdt, sPAPREnvironment *spapr)
{
    int ret = 0, offset;
    CPUPPCState *env;
    char cpu_model[32];
    int smt = kvmppc_smt_threads();
    uint32_t pft_size_prop[] = {0, cpu_to_be32(spapr->htab_shift)};

    assert(spapr->cpu_model);

    for (env = first_cpu; env != NULL; env = env->next_cpu) {
        uint32_t associativity[] = {cpu_to_be32(0x5),
                                    cpu_to_be32(0x0),
                                    cpu_to_be32(0x0),
                                    cpu_to_be32(0x0),
                                    cpu_to_be32(env->numa_node),
                                    cpu_to_be32(env->cpu_index)};

        if ((env->cpu_index % smt) != 0) {
            continue;
        }

        snprintf(cpu_model, 32, "/cpus/%s@%x", spapr->cpu_model,
                 env->cpu_index);

        offset = fdt_path_offset(fdt, cpu_model);
        if (offset < 0) {
            return offset;
        }

        if (nb_numa_nodes > 1) {
            ret = fdt_setprop(fdt, offset, "ibm,associativity", associativity,
                              sizeof(associativity));
            if (ret < 0) {
                return ret;
            }
        }

        ret = fdt_setprop(fdt, offset, "ibm,pft-size",
                          pft_size_prop, sizeof(pft_size_prop));
        if (ret < 0) {
            return ret;
        }
    }
    return ret;
}


static size_t create_page_sizes_prop(CPUPPCState *env, uint32_t *prop,
                                     size_t maxsize)
{
    size_t maxcells = maxsize / sizeof(uint32_t);
    int i, j, count;
    uint32_t *p = prop;

    for (i = 0; i < PPC_PAGE_SIZES_MAX_SZ; i++) {
        struct ppc_one_seg_page_size *sps = &env->sps.sps[i];

        if (!sps->page_shift) {
            break;
        }
        for (count = 0; count < PPC_PAGE_SIZES_MAX_SZ; count++) {
            if (sps->enc[count].page_shift == 0) {
                break;
            }
        }
        if ((p - prop) >= (maxcells - 3 - count * 2)) {
            break;
        }
        *(p++) = cpu_to_be32(sps->page_shift);
        *(p++) = cpu_to_be32(sps->slb_enc);
        *(p++) = cpu_to_be32(count);
        for (j = 0; j < count; j++) {
            *(p++) = cpu_to_be32(sps->enc[j].page_shift);
            *(p++) = cpu_to_be32(sps->enc[j].pte_enc);
        }
    }

    return (p - prop) * sizeof(uint32_t);
}

#define _FDT(exp) \
    do { \
        int ret = (exp);                                           \
        if (ret < 0) {                                             \
            fprintf(stderr, "qemu: error creating device tree: %s: %s\n", \
                    #exp, fdt_strerror(ret));                      \
            exit(1);                                               \
        }                                                          \
    } while (0)


static void *spapr_create_fdt_skel(const char *cpu_model,
                                   hwaddr initrd_base,
                                   hwaddr initrd_size,
                                   hwaddr kernel_size,
                                   const char *boot_device,
                                   const char *kernel_cmdline,
                                   uint32_t epow_irq)
{
    void *fdt;
    CPUPPCState *env;
    uint32_t start_prop = cpu_to_be32(initrd_base);
    uint32_t end_prop = cpu_to_be32(initrd_base + initrd_size);
    char hypertas_prop[] = "hcall-pft\0hcall-term\0hcall-dabr\0hcall-interrupt"
        "\0hcall-tce\0hcall-vio\0hcall-splpar\0hcall-bulk";
    char qemu_hypertas_prop[] = "hcall-memop1";
    uint32_t refpoints[] = {cpu_to_be32(0x4), cpu_to_be32(0x4)};
    uint32_t interrupt_server_ranges_prop[] = {0, cpu_to_be32(smp_cpus)};
    char *modelname;
    int i, smt = kvmppc_smt_threads();
    unsigned char vec5[] = {0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x80};

    fdt = g_malloc0(FDT_MAX_SIZE);
    _FDT((fdt_create(fdt, FDT_MAX_SIZE)));

    if (kernel_size) {
        _FDT((fdt_add_reservemap_entry(fdt, KERNEL_LOAD_ADDR, kernel_size)));
    }
    if (initrd_size) {
        _FDT((fdt_add_reservemap_entry(fdt, initrd_base, initrd_size)));
    }
    _FDT((fdt_finish_reservemap(fdt)));

    /* Root node */
    _FDT((fdt_begin_node(fdt, "")));
    _FDT((fdt_property_string(fdt, "device_type", "chrp")));
    _FDT((fdt_property_string(fdt, "model", "IBM pSeries (emulated by qemu)")));

    _FDT((fdt_property_cell(fdt, "#address-cells", 0x2)));
    _FDT((fdt_property_cell(fdt, "#size-cells", 0x2)));

    /* /chosen */
    _FDT((fdt_begin_node(fdt, "chosen")));

    /* Set Form1_affinity */
    _FDT((fdt_property(fdt, "ibm,architecture-vec-5", vec5, sizeof(vec5))));

    _FDT((fdt_property_string(fdt, "bootargs", kernel_cmdline)));
    _FDT((fdt_property(fdt, "linux,initrd-start",
                       &start_prop, sizeof(start_prop))));
    _FDT((fdt_property(fdt, "linux,initrd-end",
                       &end_prop, sizeof(end_prop))));
    if (kernel_size) {
        uint64_t kprop[2] = { cpu_to_be64(KERNEL_LOAD_ADDR),
                              cpu_to_be64(kernel_size) };

        _FDT((fdt_property(fdt, "qemu,boot-kernel", &kprop, sizeof(kprop))));
    }
    _FDT((fdt_property_string(fdt, "qemu,boot-device", boot_device)));
    _FDT((fdt_property_cell(fdt, "qemu,graphic-width", graphic_width)));
    _FDT((fdt_property_cell(fdt, "qemu,graphic-height", graphic_height)));
    _FDT((fdt_property_cell(fdt, "qemu,graphic-depth", graphic_depth)));

    _FDT((fdt_end_node(fdt)));

    /* cpus */
    _FDT((fdt_begin_node(fdt, "cpus")));

    _FDT((fdt_property_cell(fdt, "#address-cells", 0x1)));
    _FDT((fdt_property_cell(fdt, "#size-cells", 0x0)));

    modelname = g_strdup(cpu_model);

    for (i = 0; i < strlen(modelname); i++) {
        modelname[i] = toupper(modelname[i]);
    }

    /* This is needed during FDT finalization */
    spapr->cpu_model = g_strdup(modelname);

    for (env = first_cpu; env != NULL; env = env->next_cpu) {
        int index = env->cpu_index;
        uint32_t servers_prop[smp_threads];
        uint32_t gservers_prop[smp_threads * 2];
        char *nodename;
        uint32_t segs[] = {cpu_to_be32(28), cpu_to_be32(40),
                           0xffffffff, 0xffffffff};
        uint32_t tbfreq = kvm_enabled() ? kvmppc_get_tbfreq() : TIMEBASE_FREQ;
        uint32_t cpufreq = kvm_enabled() ? kvmppc_get_clockfreq() : 1000000000;
        uint32_t page_sizes_prop[64];
        size_t page_sizes_prop_size;

        if ((index % smt) != 0) {
            continue;
        }

        if (asprintf(&nodename, "%s@%x", modelname, index) < 0) {
            fprintf(stderr, "Allocation failure\n");
            exit(1);
        }

        _FDT((fdt_begin_node(fdt, nodename)));

        free(nodename);

        _FDT((fdt_property_cell(fdt, "reg", index)));
        _FDT((fdt_property_string(fdt, "device_type", "cpu")));

        _FDT((fdt_property_cell(fdt, "cpu-version", env->spr[SPR_PVR])));
        _FDT((fdt_property_cell(fdt, "dcache-block-size",
                                env->dcache_line_size)));
        _FDT((fdt_property_cell(fdt, "icache-block-size",
                                env->icache_line_size)));
        _FDT((fdt_property_cell(fdt, "timebase-frequency", tbfreq)));
        _FDT((fdt_property_cell(fdt, "clock-frequency", cpufreq)));
        _FDT((fdt_property_cell(fdt, "ibm,slb-size", env->slb_nr)));
        _FDT((fdt_property_string(fdt, "status", "okay")));
        _FDT((fdt_property(fdt, "64-bit", NULL, 0)));

        /* Build interrupt servers and gservers properties */
        for (i = 0; i < smp_threads; i++) {
            servers_prop[i] = cpu_to_be32(index + i);
            /* Hack, direct the group queues back to cpu 0 */
            gservers_prop[i*2] = cpu_to_be32(index + i);
            gservers_prop[i*2 + 1] = 0;
        }
        _FDT((fdt_property(fdt, "ibm,ppc-interrupt-server#s",
                           servers_prop, sizeof(servers_prop))));
        _FDT((fdt_property(fdt, "ibm,ppc-interrupt-gserver#s",
                           gservers_prop, sizeof(gservers_prop))));

        if (env->mmu_model & POWERPC_MMU_1TSEG) {
            _FDT((fdt_property(fdt, "ibm,processor-segment-sizes",
                               segs, sizeof(segs))));
        }

        /* Advertise VMX/VSX (vector extensions) if available
         *   0 / no property == no vector extensions
         *   1               == VMX / Altivec available
         *   2               == VSX available */
        if (env->insns_flags & PPC_ALTIVEC) {
            uint32_t vmx = (env->insns_flags2 & PPC2_VSX) ? 2 : 1;

            _FDT((fdt_property_cell(fdt, "ibm,vmx", vmx)));
        }

        /* Advertise DFP (Decimal Floating Point) if available
         *   0 / no property == no DFP
         *   1               == DFP available */
        if (env->insns_flags2 & PPC2_DFP) {
            _FDT((fdt_property_cell(fdt, "ibm,dfp", 1)));
        }

        page_sizes_prop_size = create_page_sizes_prop(env, page_sizes_prop,
                                                      sizeof(page_sizes_prop));
        if (page_sizes_prop_size) {
            _FDT((fdt_property(fdt, "ibm,segment-page-sizes",
                               page_sizes_prop, page_sizes_prop_size)));
        }

        _FDT((fdt_end_node(fdt)));
    }

    g_free(modelname);

    _FDT((fdt_end_node(fdt)));

    /* RTAS */
    _FDT((fdt_begin_node(fdt, "rtas")));

    _FDT((fdt_property(fdt, "ibm,hypertas-functions", hypertas_prop,
                       sizeof(hypertas_prop))));
    _FDT((fdt_property(fdt, "qemu,hypertas-functions", qemu_hypertas_prop,
                       sizeof(qemu_hypertas_prop))));

    _FDT((fdt_property(fdt, "ibm,associativity-reference-points",
        refpoints, sizeof(refpoints))));

    _FDT((fdt_property_cell(fdt, "rtas-error-log-max", RTAS_ERROR_LOG_MAX)));

    _FDT((fdt_end_node(fdt)));

    /* interrupt controller */
    _FDT((fdt_begin_node(fdt, "interrupt-controller")));

    _FDT((fdt_property_string(fdt, "device_type",
                              "PowerPC-External-Interrupt-Presentation")));
    _FDT((fdt_property_string(fdt, "compatible", "IBM,ppc-xicp")));
    _FDT((fdt_property(fdt, "interrupt-controller", NULL, 0)));
    _FDT((fdt_property(fdt, "ibm,interrupt-server-ranges",
                       interrupt_server_ranges_prop,
                       sizeof(interrupt_server_ranges_prop))));
    _FDT((fdt_property_cell(fdt, "#interrupt-cells", 2)));
    _FDT((fdt_property_cell(fdt, "linux,phandle", PHANDLE_XICP)));
    _FDT((fdt_property_cell(fdt, "phandle", PHANDLE_XICP)));

    _FDT((fdt_end_node(fdt)));

    /* vdevice */
    _FDT((fdt_begin_node(fdt, "vdevice")));

    _FDT((fdt_property_string(fdt, "device_type", "vdevice")));
    _FDT((fdt_property_string(fdt, "compatible", "IBM,vdevice")));
    _FDT((fdt_property_cell(fdt, "#address-cells", 0x1)));
    _FDT((fdt_property_cell(fdt, "#size-cells", 0x0)));
    _FDT((fdt_property_cell(fdt, "#interrupt-cells", 0x2)));
    _FDT((fdt_property(fdt, "interrupt-controller", NULL, 0)));

    _FDT((fdt_end_node(fdt)));

    /* event-sources */
    spapr_events_fdt_skel(fdt, epow_irq);

    _FDT((fdt_end_node(fdt))); /* close root node */
    _FDT((fdt_finish(fdt)));

    return fdt;
}

static int spapr_populate_memory(sPAPREnvironment *spapr, void *fdt)
{
    uint32_t associativity[] = {cpu_to_be32(0x4), cpu_to_be32(0x0),
                                cpu_to_be32(0x0), cpu_to_be32(0x0),
                                cpu_to_be32(0x0)};
    char mem_name[32];
    hwaddr node0_size, mem_start;
    uint64_t mem_reg_property[2];
    int i, off;

    /* memory node(s) */
    node0_size = (nb_numa_nodes > 1) ? node_mem[0] : ram_size;
    if (spapr->rma_size > node0_size) {
        spapr->rma_size = node0_size;
    }

    /* RMA */
    mem_reg_property[0] = 0;
    mem_reg_property[1] = cpu_to_be64(spapr->rma_size);
    off = fdt_add_subnode(fdt, 0, "memory@0");
    _FDT(off);
    _FDT((fdt_setprop_string(fdt, off, "device_type", "memory")));
    _FDT((fdt_setprop(fdt, off, "reg", mem_reg_property,
                      sizeof(mem_reg_property))));
    _FDT((fdt_setprop(fdt, off, "ibm,associativity", associativity,
                      sizeof(associativity))));

    /* RAM: Node 0 */
    if (node0_size > spapr->rma_size) {
        mem_reg_property[0] = cpu_to_be64(spapr->rma_size);
        mem_reg_property[1] = cpu_to_be64(node0_size - spapr->rma_size);

        sprintf(mem_name, "memory@" TARGET_FMT_lx, spapr->rma_size);
        off = fdt_add_subnode(fdt, 0, mem_name);
        _FDT(off);
        _FDT((fdt_setprop_string(fdt, off, "device_type", "memory")));
        _FDT((fdt_setprop(fdt, off, "reg", mem_reg_property,
                          sizeof(mem_reg_property))));
        _FDT((fdt_setprop(fdt, off, "ibm,associativity", associativity,
                          sizeof(associativity))));
    }

    /* RAM: Node 1 and beyond */
    mem_start = node0_size;
    for (i = 1; i < nb_numa_nodes; i++) {
        mem_reg_property[0] = cpu_to_be64(mem_start);
        mem_reg_property[1] = cpu_to_be64(node_mem[i]);
        associativity[3] = associativity[4] = cpu_to_be32(i);
        sprintf(mem_name, "memory@" TARGET_FMT_lx, mem_start);
        off = fdt_add_subnode(fdt, 0, mem_name);
        _FDT(off);
        _FDT((fdt_setprop_string(fdt, off, "device_type", "memory")));
        _FDT((fdt_setprop(fdt, off, "reg", mem_reg_property,
                          sizeof(mem_reg_property))));
        _FDT((fdt_setprop(fdt, off, "ibm,associativity", associativity,
                          sizeof(associativity))));
        mem_start += node_mem[i];
    }

    return 0;
}

static void spapr_finalize_fdt(sPAPREnvironment *spapr,
                               hwaddr fdt_addr,
                               hwaddr rtas_addr,
                               hwaddr rtas_size)
{
    int ret;
    void *fdt;
    sPAPRPHBState *phb;

    fdt = g_malloc(FDT_MAX_SIZE);

    /* open out the base tree into a temp buffer for the final tweaks */
    _FDT((fdt_open_into(spapr->fdt_skel, fdt, FDT_MAX_SIZE)));

    ret = spapr_populate_memory(spapr, fdt);
    if (ret < 0) {
        fprintf(stderr, "couldn't setup memory nodes in fdt\n");
        exit(1);
    }

    ret = spapr_populate_vdevice(spapr->vio_bus, fdt);
    if (ret < 0) {
        fprintf(stderr, "couldn't setup vio devices in fdt\n");
        exit(1);
    }

    QLIST_FOREACH(phb, &spapr->phbs, list) {
        ret = spapr_populate_pci_dt(phb, PHANDLE_XICP, fdt);
    }

    if (ret < 0) {
        fprintf(stderr, "couldn't setup PCI devices in fdt\n");
        exit(1);
    }

    /* RTAS */
    ret = spapr_rtas_device_tree_setup(fdt, rtas_addr, rtas_size);
    if (ret < 0) {
        fprintf(stderr, "Couldn't set up RTAS device tree properties\n");
    }

    /* Advertise NUMA via ibm,associativity */
    ret = spapr_fixup_cpu_dt(fdt, spapr);
    if (ret < 0) {
        fprintf(stderr, "Couldn't finalize CPU device tree properties\n");
    }

    if (!spapr->has_graphics) {
        spapr_populate_chosen_stdout(fdt, spapr->vio_bus);
    }

    _FDT((fdt_pack(fdt)));

    if (fdt_totalsize(fdt) > FDT_MAX_SIZE) {
        hw_error("FDT too big ! 0x%x bytes (max is 0x%x)\n",
                 fdt_totalsize(fdt), FDT_MAX_SIZE);
        exit(1);
    }

    cpu_physical_memory_write(fdt_addr, fdt, fdt_totalsize(fdt));

    g_free(fdt);
}

static uint64_t translate_kernel_address(void *opaque, uint64_t addr)
{
    return (addr & 0x0fffffff) + KERNEL_LOAD_ADDR;
}

static void emulate_spapr_hypercall(PowerPCCPU *cpu)
{
    CPUPPCState *env = &cpu->env;

    if (msr_pr) {
        hcall_dprintf("Hypercall made with MSR[PR]=1\n");
        env->gpr[3] = H_PRIVILEGE;
    } else {
        env->gpr[3] = spapr_hypercall(cpu, env->gpr[3], &env->gpr[4]);
    }
}

static void spapr_reset_htab(sPAPREnvironment *spapr)
{
    long shift;

    /* allocate hash page table.  For now we always make this 16mb,
     * later we should probably make it scale to the size of guest
     * RAM */

    shift = kvmppc_reset_htab(spapr->htab_shift);

    if (shift > 0) {
        /* Kernel handles htab, we don't need to allocate one */
        spapr->htab_shift = shift;
    } else {
        if (!spapr->htab) {
            /* Allocate an htab if we don't yet have one */
            spapr->htab = qemu_memalign(HTAB_SIZE(spapr), HTAB_SIZE(spapr));
        }

        /* And clear it */
        memset(spapr->htab, 0, HTAB_SIZE(spapr));
    }

    /* Update the RMA size if necessary */
    if (spapr->vrma_adjust) {
        spapr->rma_size = kvmppc_rma_size(ram_size, spapr->htab_shift);
    }
}

static void ppc_spapr_reset(void)
{
    /* Reset the hash table & recalc the RMA */
    spapr_reset_htab(spapr);

    qemu_devices_reset();

    /* Load the fdt */
    spapr_finalize_fdt(spapr, spapr->fdt_addr, spapr->rtas_addr,
                       spapr->rtas_size);

    /* Set up the entry state */
    first_cpu->gpr[3] = spapr->fdt_addr;
    first_cpu->gpr[5] = 0;
    first_cpu->halted = 0;
    first_cpu->nip = spapr->entry_point;

}

static void spapr_cpu_reset(void *opaque)
{
    PowerPCCPU *cpu = opaque;
    CPUPPCState *env = &cpu->env;

    cpu_reset(CPU(cpu));

    /* All CPUs start halted.  CPU0 is unhalted from the machine level
     * reset code and the rest are explicitly started up by the guest
     * using an RTAS call */
    env->halted = 1;

    env->spr[SPR_HIOR] = 0;

    env->external_htab = spapr->htab;
    env->htab_base = -1;
    env->htab_mask = HTAB_SIZE(spapr) - 1;
    env->spr[SPR_SDR1] = (unsigned long)spapr->htab |
        (spapr->htab_shift - 18);
}

/* Returns whether we want to use VGA or not */
static int spapr_vga_init(PCIBus *pci_bus)
{
    switch (vga_interface_type) {
    case VGA_NONE:
    case VGA_STD:
        return pci_vga_init(pci_bus) != NULL;
    default:
        fprintf(stderr, "This vga model is not supported,"
                "currently it only supports -vga std\n");
        exit(0);
        break;
    }
}

/* pSeries LPAR / sPAPR hardware init */
static void ppc_spapr_init(QEMUMachineInitArgs *args)
{
    ram_addr_t ram_size = args->ram_size;
    const char *cpu_model = args->cpu_model;
    const char *kernel_filename = args->kernel_filename;
    const char *kernel_cmdline = args->kernel_cmdline;
    const char *initrd_filename = args->initrd_filename;
    const char *boot_device = args->boot_device;
    PowerPCCPU *cpu;
    CPUPPCState *env;
    PCIHostState *phb;
    int i;
    MemoryRegion *sysmem = get_system_memory();
    MemoryRegion *ram = g_new(MemoryRegion, 1);
    hwaddr rma_alloc_size;
    uint32_t initrd_base = 0;
    long kernel_size = 0, initrd_size = 0;
    long load_limit, rtas_limit, fw_size;
    char *filename;

    msi_supported = true;

    spapr = g_malloc0(sizeof(*spapr));
    QLIST_INIT(&spapr->phbs);

    cpu_ppc_hypercall = emulate_spapr_hypercall;

    /* Allocate RMA if necessary */
    rma_alloc_size = kvmppc_alloc_rma("ppc_spapr.rma", sysmem);

    if (rma_alloc_size == -1) {
        hw_error("qemu: Unable to create RMA\n");
        exit(1);
    }

    if (rma_alloc_size && (rma_alloc_size < ram_size)) {
        spapr->rma_size = rma_alloc_size;
    } else {
        spapr->rma_size = ram_size;

        /* With KVM, we don't actually know whether KVM supports an
         * unbounded RMA (PR KVM) or is limited by the hash table size
         * (HV KVM using VRMA), so we always assume the latter
         *
         * In that case, we also limit the initial allocations for RTAS
         * etc... to 256M since we have no way to know what the VRMA size
         * is going to be as it depends on the size of the hash table
         * isn't determined yet.
         */
        if (kvm_enabled()) {
            spapr->vrma_adjust = 1;
            spapr->rma_size = MIN(spapr->rma_size, 0x10000000);
        }
    }

    /* We place the device tree and RTAS just below either the top of the RMA,
     * or just below 2GB, whichever is lowere, so that it can be
     * processed with 32-bit real mode code if necessary */
    rtas_limit = MIN(spapr->rma_size, 0x80000000);
    spapr->rtas_addr = rtas_limit - RTAS_MAX_SIZE;
    spapr->fdt_addr = spapr->rtas_addr - FDT_MAX_SIZE;
    load_limit = spapr->fdt_addr - FW_OVERHEAD;

    /* We aim for a hash table of size 1/128 the size of RAM.  The
     * normal rule of thumb is 1/64 the size of RAM, but that's much
     * more than needed for the Linux guests we support. */
    spapr->htab_shift = 18; /* Minimum architected size */
    while (spapr->htab_shift <= 46) {
        if ((1ULL << (spapr->htab_shift + 7)) >= ram_size) {
            break;
        }
        spapr->htab_shift++;
    }

    /* init CPUs */
    if (cpu_model == NULL) {
        cpu_model = kvm_enabled() ? "host" : "POWER7";
    }
    for (i = 0; i < smp_cpus; i++) {
        cpu = cpu_ppc_init(cpu_model);
        if (cpu == NULL) {
            fprintf(stderr, "Unable to find PowerPC CPU definition\n");
            exit(1);
        }
        env = &cpu->env;

        /* Set time-base frequency to 512 MHz */
        cpu_ppc_tb_init(env, TIMEBASE_FREQ);

        /* PAPR always has exception vectors in RAM not ROM */
        env->hreset_excp_prefix = 0;

        /* Tell KVM that we're in PAPR mode */
        if (kvm_enabled()) {
            kvmppc_set_papr(env);
        }

        qemu_register_reset(spapr_cpu_reset, cpu);
    }

    /* allocate RAM */
    spapr->ram_limit = ram_size;
    if (spapr->ram_limit > rma_alloc_size) {
        ram_addr_t nonrma_base = rma_alloc_size;
        ram_addr_t nonrma_size = spapr->ram_limit - rma_alloc_size;

        memory_region_init_ram(ram, "ppc_spapr.ram", nonrma_size);
        vmstate_register_ram_global(ram);
        memory_region_add_subregion(sysmem, nonrma_base, ram);
    }

    filename = qemu_find_file(QEMU_FILE_TYPE_BIOS, "spapr-rtas.bin");
    spapr->rtas_size = load_image_targphys(filename, spapr->rtas_addr,
                                           rtas_limit - spapr->rtas_addr);
    if (spapr->rtas_size < 0) {
        hw_error("qemu: could not load LPAR rtas '%s'\n", filename);
        exit(1);
    }
    if (spapr->rtas_size > RTAS_MAX_SIZE) {
        hw_error("RTAS too big ! 0x%lx bytes (max is 0x%x)\n",
                 spapr->rtas_size, RTAS_MAX_SIZE);
        exit(1);
    }
    g_free(filename);


    /* Set up Interrupt Controller */
    spapr->icp = xics_system_init(XICS_IRQS);
    spapr->next_irq = XICS_IRQ_BASE;

    /* Set up EPOW events infrastructure */
    spapr_events_init(spapr);

    /* Set up IOMMU */
    spapr_iommu_init();

    /* Set up VIO bus */
    spapr->vio_bus = spapr_vio_bus_init();

    for (i = 0; i < MAX_SERIAL_PORTS; i++) {
        if (serial_hds[i]) {
            spapr_vty_create(spapr->vio_bus, serial_hds[i]);
        }
    }

    /* Set up PCI */
    spapr_pci_rtas_init();

    spapr_create_phb(spapr, "pci", SPAPR_PCI_BUID,
                     SPAPR_PCI_MEM_WIN_ADDR,
                     SPAPR_PCI_MEM_WIN_SIZE,
                     SPAPR_PCI_IO_WIN_ADDR,
                     SPAPR_PCI_MSI_WIN_ADDR);
    phb = PCI_HOST_BRIDGE(QLIST_FIRST(&spapr->phbs));

    for (i = 0; i < nb_nics; i++) {
        NICInfo *nd = &nd_table[i];

        if (!nd->model) {
            nd->model = g_strdup("ibmveth");
        }

        if (strcmp(nd->model, "ibmveth") == 0) {
            spapr_vlan_create(spapr->vio_bus, nd);
        } else {
            pci_nic_init_nofail(&nd_table[i], nd->model, NULL);
        }
    }

    for (i = 0; i <= drive_get_max_bus(IF_SCSI); i++) {
        spapr_vscsi_create(spapr->vio_bus);
    }

    /* Graphics */
    if (spapr_vga_init(phb->bus)) {
        spapr->has_graphics = true;
    }

    if (usb_enabled(spapr->has_graphics)) {
        pci_create_simple(phb->bus, -1, "pci-ohci");
        if (spapr->has_graphics) {
            usbdevice_create("keyboard");
            usbdevice_create("mouse");
        }
    }

    if (spapr->rma_size < (MIN_RMA_SLOF << 20)) {
        fprintf(stderr, "qemu: pSeries SLOF firmware requires >= "
                "%ldM guest RMA (Real Mode Area memory)\n", MIN_RMA_SLOF);
        exit(1);
    }

    if (kernel_filename) {
        uint64_t lowaddr = 0;

        kernel_size = load_elf(kernel_filename, translate_kernel_address, NULL,
                               NULL, &lowaddr, NULL, 1, ELF_MACHINE, 0);
        if (kernel_size < 0) {
            kernel_size = load_image_targphys(kernel_filename,
                                              KERNEL_LOAD_ADDR,
                                              load_limit - KERNEL_LOAD_ADDR);
        }
        if (kernel_size < 0) {
            fprintf(stderr, "qemu: could not load kernel '%s'\n",
                    kernel_filename);
            exit(1);
        }

        /* load initrd */
        if (initrd_filename) {
            /* Try to locate the initrd in the gap between the kernel
             * and the firmware. Add a bit of space just in case
             */
            initrd_base = (KERNEL_LOAD_ADDR + kernel_size + 0x1ffff) & ~0xffff;
            initrd_size = load_image_targphys(initrd_filename, initrd_base,
                                              load_limit - initrd_base);
            if (initrd_size < 0) {
                fprintf(stderr, "qemu: could not load initial ram disk '%s'\n",
                        initrd_filename);
                exit(1);
            }
        } else {
            initrd_base = 0;
            initrd_size = 0;
        }
    }

    filename = qemu_find_file(QEMU_FILE_TYPE_BIOS, FW_FILE_NAME);
    fw_size = load_image_targphys(filename, 0, FW_MAX_SIZE);
    if (fw_size < 0) {
        hw_error("qemu: could not load LPAR rtas '%s'\n", filename);
        exit(1);
    }
    g_free(filename);

    spapr->entry_point = 0x100;

    /* Prepare the device tree */
    spapr->fdt_skel = spapr_create_fdt_skel(cpu_model,
                                            initrd_base, initrd_size,
                                            kernel_size,
                                            boot_device, kernel_cmdline,
                                            spapr->epow_irq);
    assert(spapr->fdt_skel != NULL);
}

static QEMUMachine spapr_machine = {
    .name = "pseries",
    .desc = "pSeries Logical Partition (PAPR compliant)",
    .init = ppc_spapr_init,
    .reset = ppc_spapr_reset,
    .max_cpus = MAX_CPUS,
    .no_parallel = 1,
    .use_scsi = 1,
};

static void spapr_machine_init(void)
{
    qemu_register_machine(&spapr_machine);
}

machine_init(spapr_machine_init);