symbol.c

// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
#include <dirent.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <linux/kernel.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <sys/param.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <inttypes.h>
#include "annotate.h"
#include "build-id.h"
#include "util.h"
#include "debug.h"
#include "machine.h"
#include "symbol.h"
#include "strlist.h"
#include "intlist.h"
#include "namespaces.h"
#include "header.h"
#include "path.h"
#include "sane_ctype.h"

#include <elf.h>
#include <limits.h>
#include <symbol/kallsyms.h>
#include <sys/utsname.h>

static int dso__load_kernel_sym(struct dso *dso, struct map *map);
static int dso__load_guest_kernel_sym(struct dso *dso, struct map *map);
static bool symbol__is_idle(const char *name);

int vmlinux_path__nr_entries;
char **vmlinux_path;

struct symbol_conf symbol_conf = {
	.use_modules		= true,
	.try_vmlinux_path	= true,
	.annotate_src		= true,
	.demangle		= true,
	.demangle_kernel	= false,
	.cumulate_callchain	= true,
	.show_hist_headers	= true,
	.symfs			= "",
	.event_group		= true,
	.inline_name		= true,
};

static enum dso_binary_type binary_type_symtab[] = {
	DSO_BINARY_TYPE__KALLSYMS,
	DSO_BINARY_TYPE__GUEST_KALLSYMS,
	DSO_BINARY_TYPE__JAVA_JIT,
	DSO_BINARY_TYPE__DEBUGLINK,
	DSO_BINARY_TYPE__BUILD_ID_CACHE,
	DSO_BINARY_TYPE__BUILD_ID_CACHE_DEBUGINFO,
	DSO_BINARY_TYPE__FEDORA_DEBUGINFO,
	DSO_BINARY_TYPE__UBUNTU_DEBUGINFO,
	DSO_BINARY_TYPE__BUILDID_DEBUGINFO,
	DSO_BINARY_TYPE__SYSTEM_PATH_DSO,
	DSO_BINARY_TYPE__GUEST_KMODULE,
	DSO_BINARY_TYPE__GUEST_KMODULE_COMP,
	DSO_BINARY_TYPE__SYSTEM_PATH_KMODULE,
	DSO_BINARY_TYPE__SYSTEM_PATH_KMODULE_COMP,
	DSO_BINARY_TYPE__OPENEMBEDDED_DEBUGINFO,
	DSO_BINARY_TYPE__NOT_FOUND,
};

#define DSO_BINARY_TYPE__SYMTAB_CNT ARRAY_SIZE(binary_type_symtab)

bool symbol_type__is_a(char symbol_type, enum map_type map_type)
{
	symbol_type = toupper(symbol_type);

	switch (map_type) {
	case MAP__FUNCTION:
		return symbol_type == 'T' || symbol_type == 'W';
	case MAP__VARIABLE:
		return symbol_type == 'D';
	default:
		return false;
	}
}

static int prefix_underscores_count(const char *str)
{
	const char *tail = str;

	while (*tail == '_')
		tail++;

	return tail - str;
}

const char * __weak arch__normalize_symbol_name(const char *name)
{
	return name;
}

int __weak arch__compare_symbol_names(const char *namea, const char *nameb)
{
	return strcmp(namea, nameb);
}

int __weak arch__compare_symbol_names_n(const char *namea, const char *nameb,
					unsigned int n)
{
	return strncmp(namea, nameb, n);
}

int __weak arch__choose_best_symbol(struct symbol *syma,
				    struct symbol *symb __maybe_unused)
{
	/* Avoid "SyS" kernel syscall aliases */
	if (strlen(syma->name) >= 3 && !strncmp(syma->name, "SyS", 3))
		return SYMBOL_B;
	if (strlen(syma->name) >= 10 && !strncmp(syma->name, "compat_SyS", 10))
		return SYMBOL_B;

	return SYMBOL_A;
}

static int choose_best_symbol(struct symbol *syma, struct symbol *symb)
{
	s64 a;
	s64 b;
	size_t na, nb;

	/* Prefer a symbol with non zero length */
	a = syma->end - syma->start;
	b = symb->end - symb->start;
	if ((b == 0) && (a > 0))
		return SYMBOL_A;
	else if ((a == 0) && (b > 0))
		return SYMBOL_B;

	/* Prefer a non weak symbol over a weak one */
	a = syma->binding == STB_WEAK;
	b = symb->binding == STB_WEAK;
	if (b && !a)
		return SYMBOL_A;
	if (a && !b)
		return SYMBOL_B;

	/* Prefer a global symbol over a non global one */
	a = syma->binding == STB_GLOBAL;
	b = symb->binding == STB_GLOBAL;
	if (a && !b)
		return SYMBOL_A;
	if (b && !a)
		return SYMBOL_B;

	/* Prefer a symbol with less underscores */
	a = prefix_underscores_count(syma->name);
	b = prefix_underscores_count(symb->name);
	if (b > a)
		return SYMBOL_A;
	else if (a > b)
		return SYMBOL_B;

	/* Choose the symbol with the longest name */
	na = strlen(syma->name);
	nb = strlen(symb->name);
	if (na > nb)
		return SYMBOL_A;
	else if (na < nb)
		return SYMBOL_B;

	return arch__choose_best_symbol(syma, symb);
}

void symbols__fixup_duplicate(struct rb_root *symbols)
{
	struct rb_node *nd;
	struct symbol *curr, *next;

	if (symbol_conf.allow_aliases)
		return;

	nd = rb_first(symbols);

	while (nd) {
		curr = rb_entry(nd, struct symbol, rb_node);
again:
		nd = rb_next(&curr->rb_node);
		next = rb_entry(nd, struct symbol, rb_node);

		if (!nd)
			break;

		if (curr->start != next->start)
			continue;

		if (choose_best_symbol(curr, next) == SYMBOL_A) {
			rb_erase(&next->rb_node, symbols);
			symbol__delete(next);
			goto again;
		} else {
			nd = rb_next(&curr->rb_node);
			rb_erase(&curr->rb_node, symbols);
			symbol__delete(curr);
		}
	}
}

void symbols__fixup_end(struct rb_root *symbols)
{
	struct rb_node *nd, *prevnd = rb_first(symbols);
	struct symbol *curr, *prev;

	if (prevnd == NULL)
		return;

	curr = rb_entry(prevnd, struct symbol, rb_node);

	for (nd = rb_next(prevnd); nd; nd = rb_next(nd)) {
		prev = curr;
		curr = rb_entry(nd, struct symbol, rb_node);

		if (prev->end == prev->start && prev->end != curr->start)
			prev->end = curr->start;
	}

	/* Last entry */
	if (curr->end == curr->start)
		curr->end = roundup(curr->start, 4096) + 4096;
}

void __map_groups__fixup_end(struct map_groups *mg, enum map_type type)
{
	struct maps *maps = &mg->maps[type];
	struct map *next, *curr;

	down_write(&maps->lock);

	curr = maps__first(maps);
	if (curr == NULL)
		goto out_unlock;

	for (next = map__next(curr); next; next = map__next(curr)) {
		if (!curr->end)
			curr->end = next->start;
		curr = next;
	}

	/*
	 * We still haven't the actual symbols, so guess the
	 * last map final address.
	 */
	if (!curr->end)
		curr->end = ~0ULL;

out_unlock:
	up_write(&maps->lock);
}

struct symbol *symbol__new(u64 start, u64 len, u8 binding, const char *name)
{
	size_t namelen = strlen(name) + 1;
	struct symbol *sym = calloc(1, (symbol_conf.priv_size +
					sizeof(*sym) + namelen));
	if (sym == NULL)
		return NULL;

	if (symbol_conf.priv_size) {
		if (symbol_conf.init_annotation) {
			struct annotation *notes = (void *)sym;
			pthread_mutex_init(&notes->lock, NULL);
		}
		sym = ((void *)sym) + symbol_conf.priv_size;
	}

	sym->start   = start;
	sym->end     = len ? start + len : start;
	sym->binding = binding;
	sym->namelen = namelen - 1;

	pr_debug4("%s: %s %#" PRIx64 "-%#" PRIx64 "\n",
		  __func__, name, start, sym->end);
	memcpy(sym->name, name, namelen);

	return sym;
}

void symbol__delete(struct symbol *sym)
{
	free(((void *)sym) - symbol_conf.priv_size);
}

void symbols__delete(struct rb_root *symbols)
{
	struct symbol *pos;
	struct rb_node *next = rb_first(symbols);

	while (next) {
		pos = rb_entry(next, struct symbol, rb_node);
		next = rb_next(&pos->rb_node);
		rb_erase(&pos->rb_node, symbols);
		symbol__delete(pos);
	}
}

void __symbols__insert(struct rb_root *symbols, struct symbol *sym, bool kernel)
{
	struct rb_node **p = &symbols->rb_node;
	struct rb_node *parent = NULL;
	const u64 ip = sym->start;
	struct symbol *s;

	if (kernel) {
		const char *name = sym->name;
		/*
		 * ppc64 uses function descriptors and appends a '.' to the
		 * start of every instruction address. Remove it.
		 */
		if (name[0] == '.')
			name++;
		sym->idle = symbol__is_idle(name);
	}

	while (*p != NULL) {
		parent = *p;
		s = rb_entry(parent, struct symbol, rb_node);
		if (ip < s->start)
			p = &(*p)->rb_left;
		else
			p = &(*p)->rb_right;
	}
	rb_link_node(&sym->rb_node, parent, p);
	rb_insert_color(&sym->rb_node, symbols);
}

void symbols__insert(struct rb_root *symbols, struct symbol *sym)
{
	__symbols__insert(symbols, sym, false);
}

static struct symbol *symbols__find(struct rb_root *symbols, u64 ip)
{
	struct rb_node *n;

	if (symbols == NULL)
		return NULL;

	n = symbols->rb_node;

	while (n) {
		struct symbol *s = rb_entry(n, struct symbol, rb_node);

		if (ip < s->start)
			n = n->rb_left;
		else if (ip > s->end || (ip == s->end && ip != s->start))
			n = n->rb_right;
		else
			return s;
	}

	return NULL;
}

static struct symbol *symbols__first(struct rb_root *symbols)
{
	struct rb_node *n = rb_first(symbols);

	if (n)
		return rb_entry(n, struct symbol, rb_node);

	return NULL;
}

static struct symbol *symbols__last(struct rb_root *symbols)
{
	struct rb_node *n = rb_last(symbols);

	if (n)
		return rb_entry(n, struct symbol, rb_node);

	return NULL;
}

static struct symbol *symbols__next(struct symbol *sym)
{
	struct rb_node *n = rb_next(&sym->rb_node);

	if (n)
		return rb_entry(n, struct symbol, rb_node);

	return NULL;
}

static void symbols__insert_by_name(struct rb_root *symbols, struct symbol *sym)
{
	struct rb_node **p = &symbols->rb_node;
	struct rb_node *parent = NULL;
	struct symbol_name_rb_node *symn, *s;

	symn = container_of(sym, struct symbol_name_rb_node, sym);

	while (*p != NULL) {
		parent = *p;
		s = rb_entry(parent, struct symbol_name_rb_node, rb_node);
		if (strcmp(sym->name, s->sym.name) < 0)
			p = &(*p)->rb_left;
		else
			p = &(*p)->rb_right;
	}
	rb_link_node(&symn->rb_node, parent, p);
	rb_insert_color(&symn->rb_node, symbols);
}

static void symbols__sort_by_name(struct rb_root *symbols,
				  struct rb_root *source)
{
	struct rb_node *nd;

	for (nd = rb_first(source); nd; nd = rb_next(nd)) {
		struct symbol *pos = rb_entry(nd, struct symbol, rb_node);
		symbols__insert_by_name(symbols, pos);
	}
}

int symbol__match_symbol_name(const char *name, const char *str,
			      enum symbol_tag_include includes)
{
	const char *versioning;

	if (includes == SYMBOL_TAG_INCLUDE__DEFAULT_ONLY &&
	    (versioning = strstr(name, "@@"))) {
		int len = strlen(str);

		if (len < versioning - name)
			len = versioning - name;

		return arch__compare_symbol_names_n(name, str, len);
	} else
		return arch__compare_symbol_names(name, str);
}

static struct symbol *symbols__find_by_name(struct rb_root *symbols,
					    const char *name,
					    enum symbol_tag_include includes)
{
	struct rb_node *n;
	struct symbol_name_rb_node *s = NULL;

	if (symbols == NULL)
		return NULL;

	n = symbols->rb_node;

	while (n) {
		int cmp;

		s = rb_entry(n, struct symbol_name_rb_node, rb_node);
		cmp = symbol__match_symbol_name(s->sym.name, name, includes);

		if (cmp > 0)
			n = n->rb_left;
		else if (cmp < 0)
			n = n->rb_right;
		else
			break;
	}

	if (n == NULL)
		return NULL;

	if (includes != SYMBOL_TAG_INCLUDE__DEFAULT_ONLY)
		/* return first symbol that has same name (if any) */
		for (n = rb_prev(n); n; n = rb_prev(n)) {
			struct symbol_name_rb_node *tmp;

			tmp = rb_entry(n, struct symbol_name_rb_node, rb_node);
			if (arch__compare_symbol_names(tmp->sym.name, s->sym.name))
				break;

			s = tmp;
		}

	return &s->sym;
}

void dso__reset_find_symbol_cache(struct dso *dso)
{
	enum map_type type;

	for (type = MAP__FUNCTION; type <= MAP__VARIABLE; ++type) {
		dso->last_find_result[type].addr   = 0;
		dso->last_find_result[type].symbol = NULL;
	}
}

void dso__insert_symbol(struct dso *dso, enum map_type type, struct symbol *sym)
{
	__symbols__insert(&dso->symbols[type], sym, dso->kernel);

	/* update the symbol cache if necessary */
	if (dso->last_find_result[type].addr >= sym->start &&
	    (dso->last_find_result[type].addr < sym->end ||
	    sym->start == sym->end)) {
		dso->last_find_result[type].symbol = sym;
	}
}

struct symbol *dso__find_symbol(struct dso *dso,
				enum map_type type, u64 addr)
{
	if (dso->last_find_result[type].addr != addr || dso->last_find_result[type].symbol == NULL) {
		dso->last_find_result[type].addr   = addr;
		dso->last_find_result[type].symbol = symbols__find(&dso->symbols[type], addr);
	}

	return dso->last_find_result[type].symbol;
}

struct symbol *dso__first_symbol(struct dso *dso, enum map_type type)
{
	return symbols__first(&dso->symbols[type]);
}

struct symbol *dso__last_symbol(struct dso *dso, enum map_type type)
{
	return symbols__last(&dso->symbols[type]);
}

struct symbol *dso__next_symbol(struct symbol *sym)
{
	return symbols__next(sym);
}

struct symbol *symbol__next_by_name(struct symbol *sym)
{
	struct symbol_name_rb_node *s = container_of(sym, struct symbol_name_rb_node, sym);
	struct rb_node *n = rb_next(&s->rb_node);

	return n ? &rb_entry(n, struct symbol_name_rb_node, rb_node)->sym : NULL;
}

 /*
  * Teturns first symbol that matched with @name.
  */
struct symbol *dso__find_symbol_by_name(struct dso *dso, enum map_type type,
					const char *name)
{
	struct symbol *s = symbols__find_by_name(&dso->symbol_names[type], name,
						 SYMBOL_TAG_INCLUDE__NONE);
	if (!s)
		s = symbols__find_by_name(&dso->symbol_names[type], name,
					  SYMBOL_TAG_INCLUDE__DEFAULT_ONLY);
	return s;
}

void dso__sort_by_name(struct dso *dso, enum map_type type)
{
	dso__set_sorted_by_name(dso, type);
	return symbols__sort_by_name(&dso->symbol_names[type],
				     &dso->symbols[type]);
}

int modules__parse(const char *filename, void *arg,
		   int (*process_module)(void *arg, const char *name,
					 u64 start, u64 size))
{
	char *line = NULL;
	size_t n;
	FILE *file;
	int err = 0;

	file = fopen(filename, "r");
	if (file == NULL)
		return -1;

	while (1) {
		char name[PATH_MAX];
		u64 start, size;
		char *sep, *endptr;
		ssize_t line_len;

		line_len = getline(&line, &n, file);
		if (line_len < 0) {
			if (feof(file))
				break;
			err = -1;
			goto out;
		}

		if (!line) {
			err = -1;
			goto out;
		}

		line[--line_len] = '\0'; /* \n */

		sep = strrchr(line, 'x');
		if (sep == NULL)
			continue;

		hex2u64(sep + 1, &start);

		sep = strchr(line, ' ');
		if (sep == NULL)
			continue;

		*sep = '\0';

		scnprintf(name, sizeof(name), "[%s]", line);

		size = strtoul(sep + 1, &endptr, 0);
		if (*endptr != ' ' && *endptr != '\t')
			continue;

		err = process_module(arg, name, start, size);
		if (err)
			break;
	}
out:
	free(line);
	fclose(file);
	return err;
}

struct process_kallsyms_args {
	struct map *map;
	struct dso *dso;
};

/*
 * These are symbols in the kernel image, so make sure that
 * sym is from a kernel DSO.
 */
static bool symbol__is_idle(const char *name)
{
	const char * const idle_symbols[] = {
		"cpu_idle",
		"cpu_startup_entry",
		"intel_idle",
		"default_idle",
		"native_safe_halt",
		"enter_idle",
		"exit_idle",
		"mwait_idle",
		"mwait_idle_with_hints",
		"poll_idle",
		"ppc64_runlatch_off",
		"pseries_dedicated_idle_sleep",
		NULL
	};
	int i;

	for (i = 0; idle_symbols[i]; i++) {
		if (!strcmp(idle_symbols[i], name))
			return true;
	}

	return false;
}

static int map__process_kallsym_symbol(void *arg, const char *name,
				       char type, u64 start)
{
	struct symbol *sym;
	struct process_kallsyms_args *a = arg;
	struct rb_root *root = &a->dso->symbols[a->map->type];

	if (!symbol_type__is_a(type, a->map->type))
		return 0;

	/*
	 * module symbols are not sorted so we add all
	 * symbols, setting length to 0, and rely on
	 * symbols__fixup_end() to fix it up.
	 */
	sym = symbol__new(start, 0, kallsyms2elf_binding(type), name);
	if (sym == NULL)
		return -ENOMEM;
	/*
	 * We will pass the symbols to the filter later, in
	 * map__split_kallsyms, when we have split the maps per module
	 */
	__symbols__insert(root, sym, !strchr(name, '['));

	return 0;
}

/*
 * Loads the function entries in /proc/kallsyms into kernel_map->dso,
 * so that we can in the next step set the symbol ->end address and then
 * call kernel_maps__split_kallsyms.
 */
static int dso__load_all_kallsyms(struct dso *dso, const char *filename,
				  struct map *map)
{
	struct process_kallsyms_args args = { .map = map, .dso = dso, };
	return kallsyms__parse(filename, &args, map__process_kallsym_symbol);
}

static int dso__split_kallsyms_for_kcore(struct dso *dso, struct map *map)
{
	struct map_groups *kmaps = map__kmaps(map);
	struct map *curr_map;
	struct symbol *pos;
	int count = 0;
	struct rb_root old_root = dso->symbols[map->type];
	struct rb_root *root = &dso->symbols[map->type];
	struct rb_node *next = rb_first(root);

	if (!kmaps)
		return -1;

	*root = RB_ROOT;

	while (next) {
		char *module;

		pos = rb_entry(next, struct symbol, rb_node);
		next = rb_next(&pos->rb_node);

		rb_erase_init(&pos->rb_node, &old_root);

		module = strchr(pos->name, '\t');
		if (module)
			*module = '\0';

		curr_map = map_groups__find(kmaps, map->type, pos->start);

		if (!curr_map) {
			symbol__delete(pos);
			continue;
		}

		pos->start -= curr_map->start - curr_map->pgoff;
		if (pos->end)
			pos->end -= curr_map->start - curr_map->pgoff;
		symbols__insert(&curr_map->dso->symbols[curr_map->type], pos);
		++count;
	}

	/* Symbols have been adjusted */
	dso->adjust_symbols = 1;

	return count;
}

/*
 * Split the symbols into maps, making sure there are no overlaps, i.e. the
 * kernel range is broken in several maps, named [kernel].N, as we don't have
 * the original ELF section names vmlinux have.
 */
static int dso__split_kallsyms(struct dso *dso, struct map *map, u64 delta)
{
	struct map_groups *kmaps = map__kmaps(map);
	struct machine *machine;
	struct map *curr_map = map;
	struct symbol *pos;
	int count = 0, moved = 0;
	struct rb_root *root = &dso->symbols[map->type];
	struct rb_node *next = rb_first(root);
	int kernel_range = 0;

	if (!kmaps)
		return -1;

	machine = kmaps->machine;

	while (next) {
		char *module;

		pos = rb_entry(next, struct symbol, rb_node);
		next = rb_next(&pos->rb_node);

		module = strchr(pos->name, '\t');
		if (module) {
			if (!symbol_conf.use_modules)
				goto discard_symbol;

			*module++ = '\0';

			if (strcmp(curr_map->dso->short_name, module)) {
				if (curr_map != map &&
				    dso->kernel == DSO_TYPE_GUEST_KERNEL &&
				    machine__is_default_guest(machine)) {
					/*
					 * We assume all symbols of a module are
					 * continuous in * kallsyms, so curr_map
					 * points to a module and all its
					 * symbols are in its kmap. Mark it as
					 * loaded.
					 */
					dso__set_loaded(curr_map->dso,
							curr_map->type);
				}

				curr_map = map_groups__find_by_name(kmaps,
							map->type, module);
				if (curr_map == NULL) {
					pr_debug("%s/proc/{kallsyms,modules} "
					         "inconsistency while looking "
						 "for \"%s\" module!\n",
						 machine->root_dir, module);
					curr_map = map;
					goto discard_symbol;
				}

				if (curr_map->dso->loaded &&
				    !machine__is_default_guest(machine))
					goto discard_symbol;
			}
			/*
			 * So that we look just like we get from .ko files,
			 * i.e. not prelinked, relative to map->start.
			 */
			pos->start = curr_map->map_ip(curr_map, pos->start);
			pos->end   = curr_map->map_ip(curr_map, pos->end);
		} else if (curr_map != map) {
			char dso_name[PATH_MAX];
			struct dso *ndso;

			if (delta) {
				/* Kernel was relocated at boot time */
				pos->start -= delta;
				pos->end -= delta;
			}

			if (count == 0) {
				curr_map = map;
				goto add_symbol;
			}

			if (dso->kernel == DSO_TYPE_GUEST_KERNEL)
				snprintf(dso_name, sizeof(dso_name),
					"[guest.kernel].%d",
					kernel_range++);
			else
				snprintf(dso_name, sizeof(dso_name),
					"[kernel].%d",
					kernel_range++);

			ndso = dso__new(dso_name);
			if (ndso == NULL)
				return -1;

			ndso->kernel = dso->kernel;

			curr_map = map__new2(pos->start, ndso, map->type);
			if (curr_map == NULL) {
				dso__put(ndso);
				return -1;
			}

			curr_map->map_ip = curr_map->unmap_ip = identity__map_ip;
			map_groups__insert(kmaps, curr_map);
			++kernel_range;
		} else if (delta) {
			/* Kernel was relocated at boot time */
			pos->start -= delta;
			pos->end -= delta;
		}
add_symbol:
		if (curr_map != map) {
			rb_erase(&pos->rb_node, root);
			symbols__insert(&curr_map->dso->symbols[curr_map->type], pos);
			++moved;
		} else
			++count;

		continue;
discard_symbol:
		rb_erase(&pos->rb_node, root);
		symbol__delete(pos);
	}

	if (curr_map != map &&
	    dso->kernel == DSO_TYPE_GUEST_KERNEL &&
	    machine__is_default_guest(kmaps->machine)) {
		dso__set_loaded(curr_map->dso, curr_map->type);
	}

	return count + moved;
}

bool symbol__restricted_filename(const char *filename,
				 const char *restricted_filename)
{
	bool restricted = false;

	if (symbol_conf.kptr_restrict) {
		char *r = realpath(filename, NULL);

		if (r != NULL) {
			restricted = strcmp(r, restricted_filename) == 0;
			free(r);
			return restricted;
		}
	}

	return restricted;
}

struct module_info {
	struct rb_node rb_node;
	char *name;
	u64 start;
};

static void add_module(struct module_info *mi, struct rb_root *modules)
{
	struct rb_node **p = &modules->rb_node;
	struct rb_node *parent = NULL;
	struct module_info *m;

	while (*p != NULL) {
		parent = *p;
		m = rb_entry(parent, struct module_info, rb_node);
		if (strcmp(mi->name, m->name) < 0)
			p = &(*p)->rb_left;
		else
			p = &(*p)->rb_right;
	}
	rb_link_node(&mi->rb_node, parent, p);
	rb_insert_color(&mi->rb_node, modules);
}

static void delete_modules(struct rb_root *modules)
{
	struct module_info *mi;
	struct rb_node *next = rb_first(modules);

	while (next) {
		mi = rb_entry(next, struct module_info, rb_node);
		next = rb_next(&mi->rb_node);
		rb_erase(&mi->rb_node, modules);
		zfree(&mi->name);
		free(mi);
	}
}

static struct module_info *find_module(const char *name,
				       struct rb_root *modules)
{
	struct rb_node *n = modules->rb_node;

	while (n) {
		struct module_info *m;
		int cmp;

		m = rb_entry(n, struct module_info, rb_node);
		cmp = strcmp(name, m->name);
		if (cmp < 0)
			n = n->rb_left;
		else if (cmp > 0)
			n = n->rb_right;
		else
			return m;
	}

	return NULL;
}

static int __read_proc_modules(void *arg, const char *name, u64 start,
			       u64 size __maybe_unused)
{
	struct rb_root *modules = arg;
	struct module_info *mi;

	mi = zalloc(sizeof(struct module_info));
	if (!mi)
		return -ENOMEM;

	mi->name = strdup(name);
	mi->start = start;

	if (!mi->name) {
		free(mi);
		return -ENOMEM;
	}

	add_module(mi, modules);

	return 0;
}

static int read_proc_modules(const char *filename, struct rb_root *modules)
{
	if (symbol__restricted_filename(filename, "/proc/modules"))
		return -1;

	if (modules__parse(filename, modules, __read_proc_modules)) {
		delete_modules(modules);
		return -1;
	}

	return 0;
}

int compare_proc_modules(const char *from, const char *to)
{
	struct rb_root from_modules = RB_ROOT;
	struct rb_root to_modules = RB_ROOT;
	struct rb_node *from_node, *to_node;
	struct module_info *from_m, *to_m;
	int ret = -1;

	if (read_proc_modules(from, &from_modules))
		return -1;

	if (read_proc_modules(to, &to_modules))
		goto out_delete_from;

	from_node = rb_first(&from_modules);
	to_node = rb_first(&to_modules);
	while (from_node) {
		if (!to_node)
			break;

		from_m = rb_entry(from_node, struct module_info, rb_node);
		to_m = rb_entry(to_node, struct module_info, rb_node);

		if (from_m->start != to_m->start ||
		    strcmp(from_m->name, to_m->name))
			break;

		from_node = rb_next(from_node);
		to_node = rb_next(to_node);
	}

	if (!from_node && !to_node)
		ret = 0;

	delete_modules(&to_modules);
out_delete_from:
	delete_modules(&from_modules);

	return ret;
}

static int do_validate_kcore_modules(const char *filename, struct map *map,
				  struct map_groups *kmaps)
{
	struct rb_root modules = RB_ROOT;
	struct map *old_map;
	int err;

	err = read_proc_modules(filename, &modules);
	if (err)
		return err;

	old_map = map_groups__first(kmaps, map->type);
	while (old_map) {
		struct map *next = map_groups__next(old_map);
		struct module_info *mi;

		if (old_map == map || old_map->start == map->start) {
			/* The kernel map */
			old_map = next;
			continue;
		}

		/* Module must be in memory at the same address */
		mi = find_module(old_map->dso->short_name, &modules);
		if (!mi || mi->start != old_map->start) {
			err = -EINVAL;
			goto out;
		}

		old_map = next;
	}
out:
	delete_modules(&modules);
	return err;
}

/*
 * If kallsyms is referenced by name then we look for filename in the same
 * directory.
 */
static bool filename_from_kallsyms_filename(char *filename,
					    const char *base_name,
					    const char *kallsyms_filename)
{
	char *name;

	strcpy(filename, kallsyms_filename);
	name = strrchr(filename, '/');
	if (!name)
		return false;

	name += 1;

	if (!strcmp(name, "kallsyms")) {
		strcpy(name, base_name);
		return true;
	}

	return false;
}

static int validate_kcore_modules(const char *kallsyms_filename,
				  struct map *map)
{
	struct map_groups *kmaps = map__kmaps(map);
	char modules_filename[PATH_MAX];

	if (!kmaps)
		return -EINVAL;

	if (!filename_from_kallsyms_filename(modules_filename, "modules",
					     kallsyms_filename))
		return -EINVAL;

	if (do_validate_kcore_modules(modules_filename, map, kmaps))
		return -EINVAL;

	return 0;
}

static int validate_kcore_addresses(const char *kallsyms_filename,
				    struct map *map)
{
	struct kmap *kmap = map__kmap(map);

	if (!kmap)
		return -EINVAL;

	if (kmap->ref_reloc_sym && kmap->ref_reloc_sym->name) {
		u64 start;

		if (kallsyms__get_function_start(kallsyms_filename,
						 kmap->ref_reloc_sym->name, &start))
			return -ENOENT;
		if (start != kmap->ref_reloc_sym->addr)
			return -EINVAL;
	}

	return validate_kcore_modules(kallsyms_filename, map);
}

struct kcore_mapfn_data {
	struct dso *dso;
	enum map_type type;
	struct list_head maps;
};

static int kcore_mapfn(u64 start, u64 len, u64 pgoff, void *data)
{
	struct kcore_mapfn_data *md = data;
	struct map *map;

	map = map__new2(start, md->dso, md->type);
	if (map == NULL)
		return -ENOMEM;

	map->end = map->start + len;
	map->pgoff = pgoff;

	list_add(&map->node, &md->maps);

	return 0;
}

static int dso__load_kcore(struct dso *dso, struct map *map,
			   const char *kallsyms_filename)
{
	struct map_groups *kmaps = map__kmaps(map);
	struct machine *machine;
	struct kcore_mapfn_data md;
	struct map *old_map, *new_map, *replacement_map = NULL;
	bool is_64_bit;
	int err, fd;
	char kcore_filename[PATH_MAX];
	struct symbol *sym;

	if (!kmaps)
		return -EINVAL;

	machine = kmaps->machine;

	/* This function requires that the map is the kernel map */
	if (map != machine->vmlinux_maps[map->type])
		return -EINVAL;

	if (!filename_from_kallsyms_filename(kcore_filename, "kcore",
					     kallsyms_filename))
		return -EINVAL;

	/* Modules and kernel must be present at their original addresses */
	if (validate_kcore_addresses(kallsyms_filename, map))
		return -EINVAL;

	md.dso = dso;
	md.type = map->type;
	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&md.maps);

	fd = open(kcore_filename, O_RDONLY);
	if (fd < 0) {
		pr_debug("Failed to open %s. Note /proc/kcore requires CAP_SYS_RAWIO capability to access.\n",
			 kcore_filename);
		return -EINVAL;
	}

	/* Read new maps into temporary lists */
	err = file__read_maps(fd, md.type == MAP__FUNCTION, kcore_mapfn, &md,
			      &is_64_bit);
	if (err)
		goto out_err;
	dso->is_64_bit = is_64_bit;

	if (list_empty(&md.maps)) {
		err = -EINVAL;
		goto out_err;
	}

	/* Remove old maps */
	old_map = map_groups__first(kmaps, map->type);
	while (old_map) {
		struct map *next = map_groups__next(old_map);

		if (old_map != map)
			map_groups__remove(kmaps, old_map);
		old_map = next;
	}

	/* Find the kernel map using the first symbol */
	sym = dso__first_symbol(dso, map->type);
	list_for_each_entry(new_map, &md.maps, node) {
		if (sym && sym->start >= new_map->start &&
		    sym->start < new_map->end) {
			replacement_map = new_map;
			break;
		}
	}

	if (!replacement_map)
		replacement_map = list_entry(md.maps.next, struct map, node);

	/* Add new maps */
	while (!list_empty(&md.maps)) {
		new_map = list_entry(md.maps.next, struct map, node);
		list_del_init(&new_map->node);
		if (new_map == replacement_map) {
			map->start	= new_map->start;
			map->end	= new_map->end;
			map->pgoff	= new_map->pgoff;
			map->map_ip	= new_map->map_ip;
			map->unmap_ip	= new_map->unmap_ip;
			/* Ensure maps are correctly ordered */
			map__get(map);
			map_groups__remove(kmaps, map);
			map_groups__insert(kmaps, map);
			map__put(map);
		} else {
			map_groups__insert(kmaps, new_map);
		}

		map__put(new_map);
	}

	/*
	 * Set the data type and long name so that kcore can be read via
	 * dso__data_read_addr().
	 */
	if (dso->kernel == DSO_TYPE_GUEST_KERNEL)
		dso->binary_type = DSO_BINARY_TYPE__GUEST_KCORE;
	else
		dso->binary_type = DSO_BINARY_TYPE__KCORE;
	dso__set_long_name(dso, strdup(kcore_filename), true);

	close(fd);

	if (map->type == MAP__FUNCTION)
		pr_debug("Using %s for kernel object code\n", kcore_filename);
	else
		pr_debug("Using %s for kernel data\n", kcore_filename);

	return 0;

out_err:
	while (!list_empty(&md.maps)) {
		map = list_entry(md.maps.next, struct map, node);
		list_del_init(&map->node);
		map__put(map);
	}
	close(fd);
	return -EINVAL;
}

/*
 * If the kernel is relocated at boot time, kallsyms won't match.  Compute the
 * delta based on the relocation reference symbol.
 */
static int kallsyms__delta(struct map *map, const char *filename, u64 *delta)
{
	struct kmap *kmap = map__kmap(map);
	u64 addr;

	if (!kmap)
		return -1;

	if (!kmap->ref_reloc_sym || !kmap->ref_reloc_sym->name)
		return 0;

	if (kallsyms__get_function_start(filename, kmap->ref_reloc_sym->name, &addr))
		return -1;

	*delta = addr - kmap->ref_reloc_sym->addr;
	return 0;
}

int __dso__load_kallsyms(struct dso *dso, const char *filename,
			 struct map *map, bool no_kcore)
{
	u64 delta = 0;

	if (symbol__restricted_filename(filename, "/proc/kallsyms"))
		return -1;

	if (dso__load_all_kallsyms(dso, filename, map) < 0)
		return -1;

	if (kallsyms__delta(map, filename, &delta))
		return -1;

	symbols__fixup_end(&dso->symbols[map->type]);
	symbols__fixup_duplicate(&dso->symbols[map->type]);

	if (dso->kernel == DSO_TYPE_GUEST_KERNEL)
		dso->symtab_type = DSO_BINARY_TYPE__GUEST_KALLSYMS;
	else
		dso->symtab_type = DSO_BINARY_TYPE__KALLSYMS;

	if (!no_kcore && !dso__load_kcore(dso, map, filename))
		return dso__split_kallsyms_for_kcore(dso, map);
	else
		return dso__split_kallsyms(dso, map, delta);
}

int dso__load_kallsyms(struct dso *dso, const char *filename,
		       struct map *map)
{
	return __dso__load_kallsyms(dso, filename, map, false);
}

static int dso__load_perf_map(const char *map_path, struct dso *dso,
			      struct map *map)
{
	char *line = NULL;
	size_t n;
	FILE *file;
	int nr_syms = 0;

	file = fopen(map_path, "r");
	if (file == NULL)
		goto out_failure;

	while (!feof(file)) {
		u64 start, size;
		struct symbol *sym;
		int line_len, len;

		line_len = getline(&line, &n, file);
		if (line_len < 0)
			break;

		if (!line)
			goto out_failure;

		line[--line_len] = '\0'; /* \n */

		len = hex2u64(line, &start);

		len++;
		if (len + 2 >= line_len)
			continue;

		len += hex2u64(line + len, &size);

		len++;
		if (len + 2 >= line_len)
			continue;

		sym = symbol__new(start, size, STB_GLOBAL, line + len);

		if (sym == NULL)
			goto out_delete_line;

		symbols__insert(&dso->symbols[map->type], sym);
		nr_syms++;
	}

	free(line);
	fclose(file);

	return nr_syms;

out_delete_line:
	free(line);
out_failure:
	return -1;
}

static bool dso__is_compatible_symtab_type(struct dso *dso, bool kmod,
					   enum dso_binary_type type)
{
	switch (type) {
	case DSO_BINARY_TYPE__JAVA_JIT:
	case DSO_BINARY_TYPE__DEBUGLINK:
	case DSO_BINARY_TYPE__SYSTEM_PATH_DSO:
	case DSO_BINARY_TYPE__FEDORA_DEBUGINFO:
	case DSO_BINARY_TYPE__UBUNTU_DEBUGINFO:
	case DSO_BINARY_TYPE__BUILDID_DEBUGINFO:
	case DSO_BINARY_TYPE__OPENEMBEDDED_DEBUGINFO:
		return !kmod && dso->kernel == DSO_TYPE_USER;

	case DSO_BINARY_TYPE__KALLSYMS:
	case DSO_BINARY_TYPE__VMLINUX:
	case DSO_BINARY_TYPE__KCORE:
		return dso->kernel == DSO_TYPE_KERNEL;

	case DSO_BINARY_TYPE__GUEST_KALLSYMS:
	case DSO_BINARY_TYPE__GUEST_VMLINUX:
	case DSO_BINARY_TYPE__GUEST_KCORE:
		return dso->kernel == DSO_TYPE_GUEST_KERNEL;

	case DSO_BINARY_TYPE__GUEST_KMODULE:
	case DSO_BINARY_TYPE__GUEST_KMODULE_COMP:
	case DSO_BINARY_TYPE__SYSTEM_PATH_KMODULE:
	case DSO_BINARY_TYPE__SYSTEM_PATH_KMODULE_COMP:
		/*
		 * kernel modules know their symtab type - it's set when
		 * creating a module dso in machine__findnew_module_map().
		 */
		return kmod && dso->symtab_type == type;

	case DSO_BINARY_TYPE__BUILD_ID_CACHE:
	case DSO_BINARY_TYPE__BUILD_ID_CACHE_DEBUGINFO:
		return true;

	case DSO_BINARY_TYPE__NOT_FOUND:
	default:
		return false;
	}
}

/* Checks for the existence of the perf-<pid>.map file in two different
 * locations.  First, if the process is a separate mount namespace, check in
 * that namespace using the pid of the innermost pid namespace.  If's not in a
 * namespace, or the file can't be found there, try in the mount namespace of
 * the tracing process using our view of its pid.
 */
static int dso__find_perf_map(char *filebuf, size_t bufsz,
			      struct nsinfo **nsip)
{
	struct nscookie nsc;
	struct nsinfo *nsi;
	struct nsinfo *nnsi;
	int rc = -1;

	nsi = *nsip;

	if (nsi->need_setns) {
		snprintf(filebuf, bufsz, "/tmp/perf-%d.map", nsi->nstgid);
		nsinfo__mountns_enter(nsi, &nsc);
		rc = access(filebuf, R_OK);
		nsinfo__mountns_exit(&nsc);
		if (rc == 0)
			return rc;
	}

	nnsi = nsinfo__copy(nsi);
	if (nnsi) {
		nsinfo__put(nsi);

		nnsi->need_setns = false;
		snprintf(filebuf, bufsz, "/tmp/perf-%d.map", nnsi->tgid);
		*nsip = nnsi;
		rc = 0;
	}

	return rc;
}

int dso__load(struct dso *dso, struct map *map)
{
	char *name;
	int ret = -1;
	u_int i;
	struct machine *machine;
	char *root_dir = (char *) "";
	int ss_pos = 0;
	struct symsrc ss_[2];
	struct symsrc *syms_ss = NULL, *runtime_ss = NULL;
	bool kmod;
	bool perfmap;
	unsigned char build_id[BUILD_ID_SIZE];
	struct nscookie nsc;
	char newmapname[PATH_MAX];
	const char *map_path = dso->long_name;

	perfmap = strncmp(dso->name, "/tmp/perf-", 10) == 0;
	if (perfmap) {
		if (dso->nsinfo && (dso__find_perf_map(newmapname,
		    sizeof(newmapname), &dso->nsinfo) == 0)) {
			map_path = newmapname;
		}
	}

	nsinfo__mountns_enter(dso->nsinfo, &nsc);
	pthread_mutex_lock(&dso->lock);

	/* check again under the dso->lock */
	if (dso__loaded(dso, map->type)) {
		ret = 1;
		goto out;
	}

	if (dso->kernel) {
		if (dso->kernel == DSO_TYPE_KERNEL)
			ret = dso__load_kernel_sym(dso, map);
		else if (dso->kernel == DSO_TYPE_GUEST_KERNEL)
			ret = dso__load_guest_kernel_sym(dso, map);

		goto out;
	}

	if (map->groups && map->groups->machine)
		machine = map->groups->machine;
	else
		machine = NULL;

	dso->adjust_symbols = 0;

	if (perfmap) {
		struct stat st;

		if (lstat(map_path, &st) < 0)
			goto out;

		if (!symbol_conf.force && st.st_uid && (st.st_uid != geteuid())) {
			pr_warning("File %s not owned by current user or root, "
				   "ignoring it (use -f to override).\n", map_path);
			goto out;
		}

		ret = dso__load_perf_map(map_path, dso, map);
		dso->symtab_type = ret > 0 ? DSO_BINARY_TYPE__JAVA_JIT :
					     DSO_BINARY_TYPE__NOT_FOUND;
		goto out;
	}

	if (machine)
		root_dir = machine->root_dir;

	name = malloc(PATH_MAX);
	if (!name)
		goto out;

	kmod = dso->symtab_type == DSO_BINARY_TYPE__SYSTEM_PATH_KMODULE ||
		dso->symtab_type == DSO_BINARY_TYPE__SYSTEM_PATH_KMODULE_COMP ||
		dso->symtab_type == DSO_BINARY_TYPE__GUEST_KMODULE ||
		dso->symtab_type == DSO_BINARY_TYPE__GUEST_KMODULE_COMP;


	/*
	 * Read the build id if possible. This is required for
	 * DSO_BINARY_TYPE__BUILDID_DEBUGINFO to work
	 */
	if (!dso->has_build_id &&
	    is_regular_file(dso->long_name)) {
	    __symbol__join_symfs(name, PATH_MAX, dso->long_name);
	    if (filename__read_build_id(name, build_id, BUILD_ID_SIZE) > 0)
		dso__set_build_id(dso, build_id);
	}

	/*
	 * Iterate over candidate debug images.
	 * Keep track of "interesting" ones (those which have a symtab, dynsym,
	 * and/or opd section) for processing.
	 */
	for (i = 0; i < DSO_BINARY_TYPE__SYMTAB_CNT; i++) {
		struct symsrc *ss = &ss_[ss_pos];
		bool next_slot = false;
		bool is_reg;
		bool nsexit;
		int sirc = -1;

		enum dso_binary_type symtab_type = binary_type_symtab[i];

		nsexit = (symtab_type == DSO_BINARY_TYPE__BUILD_ID_CACHE ||
		    symtab_type == DSO_BINARY_TYPE__BUILD_ID_CACHE_DEBUGINFO);

		if (!dso__is_compatible_symtab_type(dso, kmod, symtab_type))
			continue;

		if (dso__read_binary_type_filename(dso, symtab_type,
						   root_dir, name, PATH_MAX))
			continue;

		if (nsexit)
			nsinfo__mountns_exit(&nsc);

		is_reg = is_regular_file(name);
		if (is_reg)
			sirc = symsrc__init(ss, dso, name, symtab_type);

		if (nsexit)
			nsinfo__mountns_enter(dso->nsinfo, &nsc);

		if (!is_reg || sirc < 0)
			continue;

		if (!syms_ss && symsrc__has_symtab(ss)) {
			syms_ss = ss;
			next_slot = true;
			if (!dso->symsrc_filename)
				dso->symsrc_filename = strdup(name);
		}

		if (!runtime_ss && symsrc__possibly_runtime(ss)) {
			runtime_ss = ss;
			next_slot = true;
		}

		if (next_slot) {
			ss_pos++;

			if (syms_ss && runtime_ss)
				break;
		} else {
			symsrc__destroy(ss);
		}

	}

	if (!runtime_ss && !syms_ss)
		goto out_free;

	if (runtime_ss && !syms_ss) {
		syms_ss = runtime_ss;
	}

	/* We'll have to hope for the best */
	if (!runtime_ss && syms_ss)
		runtime_ss = syms_ss;

	if (syms_ss)
		ret = dso__load_sym(dso, map, syms_ss, runtime_ss, kmod);
	else
		ret = -1;

	if (ret > 0) {
		int nr_plt;

		nr_plt = dso__synthesize_plt_symbols(dso, runtime_ss, map);
		if (nr_plt > 0)
			ret += nr_plt;
	}

	for (; ss_pos > 0; ss_pos--)
		symsrc__destroy(&ss_[ss_pos - 1]);
out_free:
	free(name);
	if (ret < 0 && strstr(dso->name, " (deleted)") != NULL)
		ret = 0;
out:
	dso__set_loaded(dso, map->type);
	pthread_mutex_unlock(&dso->lock);
	nsinfo__mountns_exit(&nsc);

	return ret;
}

struct map *map_groups__find_by_name(struct map_groups *mg,
				     enum map_type type, const char *name)
{
	struct maps *maps = &mg->maps[type];
	struct map *map;

	down_read(&maps->lock);

	for (map = maps__first(maps); map; map = map__next(map)) {
		if (map->dso && strcmp(map->dso->short_name, name) == 0)
			goto out_unlock;
	}

	map = NULL;

out_unlock:
	up_read(&maps->lock);
	return map;
}

int dso__load_vmlinux(struct dso *dso, struct map *map,
		      const char *vmlinux, bool vmlinux_allocated)
{
	int err = -1;
	struct symsrc ss;
	char symfs_vmlinux[PATH_MAX];
	enum dso_binary_type symtab_type;

	if (vmlinux[0] == '/')
		snprintf(symfs_vmlinux, sizeof(symfs_vmlinux), "%s", vmlinux);
	else
		symbol__join_symfs(symfs_vmlinux, vmlinux);

	if (dso->kernel == DSO_TYPE_GUEST_KERNEL)
		symtab_type = DSO_BINARY_TYPE__GUEST_VMLINUX;
	else
		symtab_type = DSO_BINARY_TYPE__VMLINUX;

	if (symsrc__init(&ss, dso, symfs_vmlinux, symtab_type))
		return -1;

	err = dso__load_sym(dso, map, &ss, &ss, 0);
	symsrc__destroy(&ss);

	if (err > 0) {
		if (dso->kernel == DSO_TYPE_GUEST_KERNEL)
			dso->binary_type = DSO_BINARY_TYPE__GUEST_VMLINUX;
		else
			dso->binary_type = DSO_BINARY_TYPE__VMLINUX;
		dso__set_long_name(dso, vmlinux, vmlinux_allocated);
		dso__set_loaded(dso, map->type);
		pr_debug("Using %s for symbols\n", symfs_vmlinux);
	}

	return err;
}

int dso__load_vmlinux_path(struct dso *dso, struct map *map)
{
	int i, err = 0;
	char *filename = NULL;

	pr_debug("Looking at the vmlinux_path (%d entries long)\n",
		 vmlinux_path__nr_entries + 1);

	for (i = 0; i < vmlinux_path__nr_entries; ++i) {
		err = dso__load_vmlinux(dso, map, vmlinux_path[i], false);
		if (err > 0)
			goto out;
	}

	if (!symbol_conf.ignore_vmlinux_buildid)
		filename = dso__build_id_filename(dso, NULL, 0, false);
	if (filename != NULL) {
		err = dso__load_vmlinux(dso, map, filename, true);
		if (err > 0)
			goto out;
		free(filename);
	}
out:
	return err;
}

static bool visible_dir_filter(const char *name, struct dirent *d)
{
	if (d->d_type != DT_DIR)
		return false;
	return lsdir_no_dot_filter(name, d);
}

static int find_matching_kcore(struct map *map, char *dir, size_t dir_sz)
{
	char kallsyms_filename[PATH_MAX];
	int ret = -1;
	struct strlist *dirs;
	struct str_node *nd;

	dirs = lsdir(dir, visible_dir_filter);
	if (!dirs)
		return -1;

	strlist__for_each_entry(nd, dirs) {
		scnprintf(kallsyms_filename, sizeof(kallsyms_filename),
			  "%s/%s/kallsyms", dir, nd->s);
		if (!validate_kcore_addresses(kallsyms_filename, map)) {
			strlcpy(dir, kallsyms_filename, dir_sz);
			ret = 0;
			break;
		}
	}

	strlist__delete(dirs);

	return ret;
}

/*
 * Use open(O_RDONLY) to check readability directly instead of access(R_OK)
 * since access(R_OK) only checks with real UID/GID but open() use effective
 * UID/GID and actual capabilities (e.g. /proc/kcore requires CAP_SYS_RAWIO).
 */
static bool filename__readable(const char *file)
{
	int fd = open(file, O_RDONLY);
	if (fd < 0)
		return false;
	close(fd);
	return true;
}

static char *dso__find_kallsyms(struct dso *dso, struct map *map)
{
	u8 host_build_id[BUILD_ID_SIZE];
	char sbuild_id[SBUILD_ID_SIZE];
	bool is_host = false;
	char path[PATH_MAX];

	if (!dso->has_build_id) {
		/*
		 * Last resort, if we don't have a build-id and couldn't find
		 * any vmlinux file, try the running kernel kallsyms table.
		 */
		goto proc_kallsyms;
	}

	if (sysfs__read_build_id("/sys/kernel/notes", host_build_id,
				 sizeof(host_build_id)) == 0)
		is_host = dso__build_id_equal(dso, host_build_id);

	/* Try a fast path for /proc/kallsyms if possible */
	if (is_host) {
		/*
		 * Do not check the build-id cache, unless we know we cannot use
		 * /proc/kcore or module maps don't match to /proc/kallsyms.
		 * To check readability of /proc/kcore, do not use access(R_OK)
		 * since /proc/kcore requires CAP_SYS_RAWIO to read and access
		 * can't check it.
		 */
		if (filename__readable("/proc/kcore") &&
		    !validate_kcore_addresses("/proc/kallsyms", map))
			goto proc_kallsyms;
	}

	build_id__sprintf(dso->build_id, sizeof(dso->build_id), sbuild_id);

	/* Find kallsyms in build-id cache with kcore */
	scnprintf(path, sizeof(path), "%s/%s/%s",
		  buildid_dir, DSO__NAME_KCORE, sbuild_id);

	if (!find_matching_kcore(map, path, sizeof(path)))
		return strdup(path);

	/* Use current /proc/kallsyms if possible */
	if (is_host) {
proc_kallsyms:
		return strdup("/proc/kallsyms");
	}

	/* Finally, find a cache of kallsyms */
	if (!build_id_cache__kallsyms_path(sbuild_id, path, sizeof(path))) {
		pr_err("No kallsyms or vmlinux with build-id %s was found\n",
		       sbuild_id);
		return NULL;
	}

	return strdup(path);
}

static int dso__load_kernel_sym(struct dso *dso, struct map *map)
{
	int err;
	const char *kallsyms_filename = NULL;
	char *kallsyms_allocated_filename = NULL;
	/*
	 * Step 1: if the user specified a kallsyms or vmlinux filename, use
	 * it and only it, reporting errors to the user if it cannot be used.
	 *
	 * For instance, try to analyse an ARM perf.data file _without_ a
	 * build-id, or if the user specifies the wrong path to the right
	 * vmlinux file, obviously we can't fallback to another vmlinux (a
	 * x86_86 one, on the machine where analysis is being performed, say),
	 * or worse, /proc/kallsyms.
	 *
	 * If the specified file _has_ a build-id and there is a build-id
	 * section in the perf.data file, we will still do the expected
	 * validation in dso__load_vmlinux and will bail out if they don't
	 * match.
	 */
	if (symbol_conf.kallsyms_name != NULL) {
		kallsyms_filename = symbol_conf.kallsyms_name;
		goto do_kallsyms;
	}

	if (!symbol_conf.ignore_vmlinux && symbol_conf.vmlinux_name != NULL) {
		return dso__load_vmlinux(dso, map, symbol_conf.vmlinux_name, false);
	}

	if (!symbol_conf.ignore_vmlinux && vmlinux_path != NULL) {
		err = dso__load_vmlinux_path(dso, map);
		if (err > 0)
			return err;
	}

	/* do not try local files if a symfs was given */
	if (symbol_conf.symfs[0] != 0)
		return -1;

	kallsyms_allocated_filename = dso__find_kallsyms(dso, map);
	if (!kallsyms_allocated_filename)
		return -1;

	kallsyms_filename = kallsyms_allocated_filename;

do_kallsyms:
	err = dso__load_kallsyms(dso, kallsyms_filename, map);
	if (err > 0)
		pr_debug("Using %s for symbols\n", kallsyms_filename);
	free(kallsyms_allocated_filename);

	if (err > 0 && !dso__is_kcore(dso)) {
		dso->binary_type = DSO_BINARY_TYPE__KALLSYMS;
		dso__set_long_name(dso, DSO__NAME_KALLSYMS, false);
		map__fixup_start(map);
		map__fixup_end(map);
	}

	return err;
}

static int dso__load_guest_kernel_sym(struct dso *dso, struct map *map)
{
	int err;
	const char *kallsyms_filename = NULL;
	struct machine *machine;
	char path[PATH_MAX];

	if (!map->groups) {
		pr_debug("Guest kernel map hasn't the point to groups\n");
		return -1;
	}
	machine = map->groups->machine;

	if (machine__is_default_guest(machine)) {
		/*
		 * if the user specified a vmlinux filename, use it and only
		 * it, reporting errors to the user if it cannot be used.
		 * Or use file guest_kallsyms inputted by user on commandline
		 */
		if (symbol_conf.default_guest_vmlinux_name != NULL) {
			err = dso__load_vmlinux(dso, map,
						symbol_conf.default_guest_vmlinux_name,
						false);
			return err;
		}

		kallsyms_filename = symbol_conf.default_guest_kallsyms;
		if (!kallsyms_filename)
			return -1;
	} else {
		sprintf(path, "%s/proc/kallsyms", machine->root_dir);
		kallsyms_filename = path;
	}

	err = dso__load_kallsyms(dso, kallsyms_filename, map);
	if (err > 0)
		pr_debug("Using %s for symbols\n", kallsyms_filename);
	if (err > 0 && !dso__is_kcore(dso)) {
		dso->binary_type = DSO_BINARY_TYPE__GUEST_KALLSYMS;
		dso__set_long_name(dso, machine->mmap_name, false);
		map__fixup_start(map);
		map__fixup_end(map);
	}

	return err;
}

static void vmlinux_path__exit(void)
{
	while (--vmlinux_path__nr_entries >= 0)
		zfree(&vmlinux_path[vmlinux_path__nr_entries]);
	vmlinux_path__nr_entries = 0;

	zfree(&vmlinux_path);
}

static const char * const vmlinux_paths[] = {
	"vmlinux",
	"/boot/vmlinux"
};

static const char * const vmlinux_paths_upd[] = {
	"/boot/vmlinux-%s",
	"/usr/lib/debug/boot/vmlinux-%s",
	"/lib/modules/%s/build/vmlinux",
	"/usr/lib/debug/lib/modules/%s/vmlinux",
	"/usr/lib/debug/boot/vmlinux-%s.debug"
};

static int vmlinux_path__add(const char *new_entry)
{
	vmlinux_path[vmlinux_path__nr_entries] = strdup(new_entry);
	if (vmlinux_path[vmlinux_path__nr_entries] == NULL)
		return -1;
	++vmlinux_path__nr_entries;

	return 0;
}

static int vmlinux_path__init(struct perf_env *env)
{
	struct utsname uts;
	char bf[PATH_MAX];
	char *kernel_version;
	unsigned int i;

	vmlinux_path = malloc(sizeof(char *) * (ARRAY_SIZE(vmlinux_paths) +
			      ARRAY_SIZE(vmlinux_paths_upd)));
	if (vmlinux_path == NULL)
		return -1;

	for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(vmlinux_paths); i++)
		if (vmlinux_path__add(vmlinux_paths[i]) < 0)
			goto out_fail;

	/* only try kernel version if no symfs was given */
	if (symbol_conf.symfs[0] != 0)
		return 0;

	if (env) {
		kernel_version = env->os_release;
	} else {
		if (uname(&uts) < 0)
			goto out_fail;

		kernel_version = uts.release;
	}

	for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(vmlinux_paths_upd); i++) {
		snprintf(bf, sizeof(bf), vmlinux_paths_upd[i], kernel_version);
		if (vmlinux_path__add(bf) < 0)
			goto out_fail;
	}

	return 0;

out_fail:
	vmlinux_path__exit();
	return -1;
}

int setup_list(struct strlist **list, const char *list_str,
		      const char *list_name)
{
	if (list_str == NULL)
		return 0;

	*list = strlist__new(list_str, NULL);
	if (!*list) {
		pr_err("problems parsing %s list\n", list_name);
		return -1;
	}

	symbol_conf.has_filter = true;
	return 0;
}

int setup_intlist(struct intlist **list, const char *list_str,
		  const char *list_name)
{
	if (list_str == NULL)
		return 0;

	*list = intlist__new(list_str);
	if (!*list) {
		pr_err("problems parsing %s list\n", list_name);
		return -1;
	}
	return 0;
}

static bool symbol__read_kptr_restrict(void)
{
	bool value = false;
	FILE *fp = fopen("/proc/sys/kernel/kptr_restrict", "r");

	if (fp != NULL) {
		char line[8];

		if (fgets(line, sizeof(line), fp) != NULL)
			value = ((geteuid() != 0) || (getuid() != 0)) ?
					(atoi(line) != 0) :
					(atoi(line) == 2);

		fclose(fp);
	}

	return value;
}

int symbol__annotation_init(void)
{
	if (symbol_conf.init_annotation)
		return 0;

	if (symbol_conf.initialized) {
		pr_err("Annotation needs to be init before symbol__init()\n");
		return -1;
	}

	symbol_conf.priv_size += sizeof(struct annotation);
	symbol_conf.init_annotation = true;
	return 0;
}

int symbol__init(struct perf_env *env)
{
	const char *symfs;

	if (symbol_conf.initialized)
		return 0;

	symbol_conf.priv_size = PERF_ALIGN(symbol_conf.priv_size, sizeof(u64));

	symbol__elf_init();

	if (symbol_conf.sort_by_name)
		symbol_conf.priv_size += (sizeof(struct symbol_name_rb_node) -
					  sizeof(struct symbol));

	if (symbol_conf.try_vmlinux_path && vmlinux_path__init(env) < 0)
		return -1;

	if (symbol_conf.field_sep && *symbol_conf.field_sep == '.') {
		pr_err("'.' is the only non valid --field-separator argument\n");
		return -1;
	}

	if (setup_list(&symbol_conf.dso_list,
		       symbol_conf.dso_list_str, "dso") < 0)
		return -1;

	if (setup_list(&symbol_conf.comm_list,
		       symbol_conf.comm_list_str, "comm") < 0)
		goto out_free_dso_list;

	if (setup_intlist(&symbol_conf.pid_list,
		       symbol_conf.pid_list_str, "pid") < 0)
		goto out_free_comm_list;

	if (setup_intlist(&symbol_conf.tid_list,
		       symbol_conf.tid_list_str, "tid") < 0)
		goto out_free_pid_list;

	if (setup_list(&symbol_conf.sym_list,
		       symbol_conf.sym_list_str, "symbol") < 0)
		goto out_free_tid_list;

	if (setup_list(&symbol_conf.bt_stop_list,
		       symbol_conf.bt_stop_list_str, "symbol") < 0)
		goto out_free_sym_list;

	/*
	 * A path to symbols of "/" is identical to ""
	 * reset here for simplicity.
	 */
	symfs = realpath(symbol_conf.symfs, NULL);
	if (symfs == NULL)
		symfs = symbol_conf.symfs;
	if (strcmp(symfs, "/") == 0)
		symbol_conf.symfs = "";
	if (symfs != symbol_conf.symfs)
		free((void *)symfs);

	symbol_conf.kptr_restrict = symbol__read_kptr_restrict();

	symbol_conf.initialized = true;
	return 0;

out_free_sym_list:
	strlist__delete(symbol_conf.sym_list);
out_free_tid_list:
	intlist__delete(symbol_conf.tid_list);
out_free_pid_list:
	intlist__delete(symbol_conf.pid_list);
out_free_comm_list:
	strlist__delete(symbol_conf.comm_list);
out_free_dso_list:
	strlist__delete(symbol_conf.dso_list);
	return -1;
}

void symbol__exit(void)
{
	if (!symbol_conf.initialized)
		return;
	strlist__delete(symbol_conf.bt_stop_list);
	strlist__delete(symbol_conf.sym_list);
	strlist__delete(symbol_conf.dso_list);
	strlist__delete(symbol_conf.comm_list);
	intlist__delete(symbol_conf.tid_list);
	intlist__delete(symbol_conf.pid_list);
	vmlinux_path__exit();
	symbol_conf.sym_list = symbol_conf.dso_list = symbol_conf.comm_list = NULL;
	symbol_conf.bt_stop_list = NULL;
	symbol_conf.initialized = false;
}

int symbol__config_symfs(const struct option *opt __maybe_unused,
			 const char *dir, int unset __maybe_unused)
{
	char *bf = NULL;
	int ret;

	symbol_conf.symfs = strdup(dir);
	if (symbol_conf.symfs == NULL)
		return -ENOMEM;

	/* skip the locally configured cache if a symfs is given, and
	 * config buildid dir to symfs/.debug
	 */
	ret = asprintf(&bf, "%s/%s", dir, ".debug");
	if (ret < 0)
		return -ENOMEM;

	set_buildid_dir(bf);

	free(bf);
	return 0;
}

struct mem_info *mem_info__get(struct mem_info *mi)
{
	if (mi)
		refcount_inc(&mi->refcnt);
	return mi;
}

void mem_info__put(struct mem_info *mi)
{
	if (mi && refcount_dec_and_test(&mi->refcnt))
		free(mi);
}

struct mem_info *mem_info__new(void)
{
	struct mem_info *mi = zalloc(sizeof(*mi));

	if (mi)
		refcount_set(&mi->refcnt, 1);
	return mi;
}