sharedRuntime.cpp

/*
 * Copyright (c) 1997, 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
 * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
 *
 * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
 * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as
 * published by the Free Software Foundation.
 *
 * This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
 * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
 * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
 * version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
 * accompanied this code).
 *
 * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version
 * 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
 * Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
 *
 * Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA
 * or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any
 * questions.
 *
 */

#include "precompiled.hpp"
#include "classfile/systemDictionary.hpp"
#include "classfile/vmSymbols.hpp"
#include "code/compiledIC.hpp"
#include "code/scopeDesc.hpp"
#include "code/vtableStubs.hpp"
#include "compiler/abstractCompiler.hpp"
#include "compiler/compileBroker.hpp"
#include "compiler/compilerOracle.hpp"
#include "compiler/disassembler.hpp"
#include "interpreter/interpreter.hpp"
#include "interpreter/interpreterRuntime.hpp"
#include "memory/gcLocker.inline.hpp"
#include "memory/universe.inline.hpp"
#include "oops/oop.inline.hpp"
#include "prims/forte.hpp"
#include "prims/jvmtiExport.hpp"
#include "prims/jvmtiRedefineClassesTrace.hpp"
#include "prims/methodHandles.hpp"
#include "prims/nativeLookup.hpp"
#include "runtime/arguments.hpp"
#include "runtime/biasedLocking.hpp"
#include "runtime/handles.inline.hpp"
#include "runtime/init.hpp"
#include "runtime/interfaceSupport.hpp"
#include "runtime/javaCalls.hpp"
#include "runtime/sharedRuntime.hpp"
#include "runtime/stubRoutines.hpp"
#include "runtime/vframe.hpp"
#include "runtime/vframeArray.hpp"
#include "utilities/copy.hpp"
#include "utilities/dtrace.hpp"
#include "utilities/events.hpp"
#include "utilities/hashtable.inline.hpp"
#include "utilities/macros.hpp"
#include "utilities/xmlstream.hpp"
#ifdef TARGET_ARCH_x86
# include "nativeInst_x86.hpp"
# include "vmreg_x86.inline.hpp"
#endif
#ifdef TARGET_ARCH_sparc
# include "nativeInst_sparc.hpp"
# include "vmreg_sparc.inline.hpp"
#endif
#ifdef TARGET_ARCH_zero
# include "nativeInst_zero.hpp"
# include "vmreg_zero.inline.hpp"
#endif
#ifdef TARGET_ARCH_arm
# include "nativeInst_arm.hpp"
# include "vmreg_arm.inline.hpp"
#endif
#ifdef TARGET_ARCH_ppc
# include "nativeInst_ppc.hpp"
# include "vmreg_ppc.inline.hpp"
#endif
#ifdef COMPILER1
#include "c1/c1_Runtime1.hpp"
#endif

// Shared stub locations
RuntimeStub*        SharedRuntime::_wrong_method_blob;
RuntimeStub*        SharedRuntime::_wrong_method_abstract_blob;
RuntimeStub*        SharedRuntime::_ic_miss_blob;
RuntimeStub*        SharedRuntime::_resolve_opt_virtual_call_blob;
RuntimeStub*        SharedRuntime::_resolve_virtual_call_blob;
RuntimeStub*        SharedRuntime::_resolve_static_call_blob;

DeoptimizationBlob* SharedRuntime::_deopt_blob;
SafepointBlob*      SharedRuntime::_polling_page_vectors_safepoint_handler_blob;
SafepointBlob*      SharedRuntime::_polling_page_safepoint_handler_blob;
SafepointBlob*      SharedRuntime::_polling_page_return_handler_blob;

#ifdef COMPILER2
UncommonTrapBlob*   SharedRuntime::_uncommon_trap_blob;
#endif // COMPILER2


//----------------------------generate_stubs-----------------------------------
void SharedRuntime::generate_stubs() {
  _wrong_method_blob                   = generate_resolve_blob(CAST_FROM_FN_PTR(address, SharedRuntime::handle_wrong_method),          "wrong_method_stub");
  _wrong_method_abstract_blob          = generate_resolve_blob(CAST_FROM_FN_PTR(address, SharedRuntime::handle_wrong_method_abstract), "wrong_method_abstract_stub");
  _ic_miss_blob                        = generate_resolve_blob(CAST_FROM_FN_PTR(address, SharedRuntime::handle_wrong_method_ic_miss),  "ic_miss_stub");
  _resolve_opt_virtual_call_blob       = generate_resolve_blob(CAST_FROM_FN_PTR(address, SharedRuntime::resolve_opt_virtual_call_C),   "resolve_opt_virtual_call");
  _resolve_virtual_call_blob           = generate_resolve_blob(CAST_FROM_FN_PTR(address, SharedRuntime::resolve_virtual_call_C),       "resolve_virtual_call");
  _resolve_static_call_blob            = generate_resolve_blob(CAST_FROM_FN_PTR(address, SharedRuntime::resolve_static_call_C),        "resolve_static_call");

#ifdef COMPILER2
  // Vectors are generated only by C2.
  if (is_wide_vector(MaxVectorSize)) {
    _polling_page_vectors_safepoint_handler_blob = generate_handler_blob(CAST_FROM_FN_PTR(address, SafepointSynchronize::handle_polling_page_exception), POLL_AT_VECTOR_LOOP);
  }
#endif // COMPILER2
  _polling_page_safepoint_handler_blob = generate_handler_blob(CAST_FROM_FN_PTR(address, SafepointSynchronize::handle_polling_page_exception), POLL_AT_LOOP);
  _polling_page_return_handler_blob    = generate_handler_blob(CAST_FROM_FN_PTR(address, SafepointSynchronize::handle_polling_page_exception), POLL_AT_RETURN);

  generate_deopt_blob();

#ifdef COMPILER2
  generate_uncommon_trap_blob();
#endif // COMPILER2
}

#include <math.h>

#ifndef USDT2
HS_DTRACE_PROBE_DECL4(hotspot, object__alloc, Thread*, char*, int, size_t);
HS_DTRACE_PROBE_DECL7(hotspot, method__entry, int,
                      char*, int, char*, int, char*, int);
HS_DTRACE_PROBE_DECL7(hotspot, method__return, int,
                      char*, int, char*, int, char*, int);
#endif /* !USDT2 */

// Implementation of SharedRuntime

#ifndef PRODUCT
// For statistics
int SharedRuntime::_ic_miss_ctr = 0;
int SharedRuntime::_wrong_method_ctr = 0;
int SharedRuntime::_resolve_static_ctr = 0;
int SharedRuntime::_resolve_virtual_ctr = 0;
int SharedRuntime::_resolve_opt_virtual_ctr = 0;
int SharedRuntime::_implicit_null_throws = 0;
int SharedRuntime::_implicit_div0_throws = 0;
int SharedRuntime::_throw_null_ctr = 0;

int SharedRuntime::_nof_normal_calls = 0;
int SharedRuntime::_nof_optimized_calls = 0;
int SharedRuntime::_nof_inlined_calls = 0;
int SharedRuntime::_nof_megamorphic_calls = 0;
int SharedRuntime::_nof_static_calls = 0;
int SharedRuntime::_nof_inlined_static_calls = 0;
int SharedRuntime::_nof_interface_calls = 0;
int SharedRuntime::_nof_optimized_interface_calls = 0;
int SharedRuntime::_nof_inlined_interface_calls = 0;
int SharedRuntime::_nof_megamorphic_interface_calls = 0;
int SharedRuntime::_nof_removable_exceptions = 0;

int SharedRuntime::_new_instance_ctr=0;
int SharedRuntime::_new_array_ctr=0;
int SharedRuntime::_multi1_ctr=0;
int SharedRuntime::_multi2_ctr=0;
int SharedRuntime::_multi3_ctr=0;
int SharedRuntime::_multi4_ctr=0;
int SharedRuntime::_multi5_ctr=0;
int SharedRuntime::_mon_enter_stub_ctr=0;
int SharedRuntime::_mon_exit_stub_ctr=0;
int SharedRuntime::_mon_enter_ctr=0;
int SharedRuntime::_mon_exit_ctr=0;
int SharedRuntime::_partial_subtype_ctr=0;
int SharedRuntime::_jbyte_array_copy_ctr=0;
int SharedRuntime::_jshort_array_copy_ctr=0;
int SharedRuntime::_jint_array_copy_ctr=0;
int SharedRuntime::_jlong_array_copy_ctr=0;
int SharedRuntime::_oop_array_copy_ctr=0;
int SharedRuntime::_checkcast_array_copy_ctr=0;
int SharedRuntime::_unsafe_array_copy_ctr=0;
int SharedRuntime::_generic_array_copy_ctr=0;
int SharedRuntime::_slow_array_copy_ctr=0;
int SharedRuntime::_find_handler_ctr=0;
int SharedRuntime::_rethrow_ctr=0;

int     SharedRuntime::_ICmiss_index                    = 0;
int     SharedRuntime::_ICmiss_count[SharedRuntime::maxICmiss_count];
address SharedRuntime::_ICmiss_at[SharedRuntime::maxICmiss_count];


void SharedRuntime::trace_ic_miss(address at) {
  for (int i = 0; i < _ICmiss_index; i++) {
    if (_ICmiss_at[i] == at) {
      _ICmiss_count[i]++;
      return;
    }
  }
  int index = _ICmiss_index++;
  if (_ICmiss_index >= maxICmiss_count) _ICmiss_index = maxICmiss_count - 1;
  _ICmiss_at[index] = at;
  _ICmiss_count[index] = 1;
}

void SharedRuntime::print_ic_miss_histogram() {
  if (ICMissHistogram) {
    tty->print_cr ("IC Miss Histogram:");
    int tot_misses = 0;
    for (int i = 0; i < _ICmiss_index; i++) {
      tty->print_cr("  at: " INTPTR_FORMAT "  nof: %d", _ICmiss_at[i], _ICmiss_count[i]);
      tot_misses += _ICmiss_count[i];
    }
    tty->print_cr ("Total IC misses: %7d", tot_misses);
  }
}
#endif // PRODUCT

#if INCLUDE_ALL_GCS

// G1 write-barrier pre: executed before a pointer store.
JRT_LEAF(void, SharedRuntime::g1_wb_pre(oopDesc* orig, JavaThread *thread))
  if (orig == NULL) {
    assert(false, "should be optimized out");
    return;
  }
  assert(orig->is_oop(true /* ignore mark word */), "Error");
  // store the original value that was in the field reference
  thread->satb_mark_queue().enqueue(orig);
JRT_END

// G1 write-barrier post: executed after a pointer store.
JRT_LEAF(void, SharedRuntime::g1_wb_post(void* card_addr, JavaThread* thread))
  thread->dirty_card_queue().enqueue(card_addr);
JRT_END

#endif // INCLUDE_ALL_GCS


JRT_LEAF(jlong, SharedRuntime::lmul(jlong y, jlong x))
  return x * y;
JRT_END


JRT_LEAF(jlong, SharedRuntime::ldiv(jlong y, jlong x))
  if (x == min_jlong && y == CONST64(-1)) {
    return x;
  } else {
    return x / y;
  }
JRT_END


JRT_LEAF(jlong, SharedRuntime::lrem(jlong y, jlong x))
  if (x == min_jlong && y == CONST64(-1)) {
    return 0;
  } else {
    return x % y;
  }
JRT_END


const juint  float_sign_mask  = 0x7FFFFFFF;
const juint  float_infinity   = 0x7F800000;
const julong double_sign_mask = CONST64(0x7FFFFFFFFFFFFFFF);
const julong double_infinity  = CONST64(0x7FF0000000000000);

JRT_LEAF(jfloat, SharedRuntime::frem(jfloat  x, jfloat  y))
#ifdef _WIN64
  // 64-bit Windows on amd64 returns the wrong values for
  // infinity operands.
  union { jfloat f; juint i; } xbits, ybits;
  xbits.f = x;
  ybits.f = y;
  // x Mod Infinity == x unless x is infinity
  if ( ((xbits.i & float_sign_mask) != float_infinity) &&
       ((ybits.i & float_sign_mask) == float_infinity) ) {
    return x;
  }
#endif
  return ((jfloat)fmod((double)x,(double)y));
JRT_END


JRT_LEAF(jdouble, SharedRuntime::drem(jdouble x, jdouble y))
#ifdef _WIN64
  union { jdouble d; julong l; } xbits, ybits;
  xbits.d = x;
  ybits.d = y;
  // x Mod Infinity == x unless x is infinity
  if ( ((xbits.l & double_sign_mask) != double_infinity) &&
       ((ybits.l & double_sign_mask) == double_infinity) ) {
    return x;
  }
#endif
  return ((jdouble)fmod((double)x,(double)y));
JRT_END

#ifdef __SOFTFP__
JRT_LEAF(jfloat, SharedRuntime::fadd(jfloat x, jfloat y))
  return x + y;
JRT_END

JRT_LEAF(jfloat, SharedRuntime::fsub(jfloat x, jfloat y))
  return x - y;
JRT_END

JRT_LEAF(jfloat, SharedRuntime::fmul(jfloat x, jfloat y))
  return x * y;
JRT_END

JRT_LEAF(jfloat, SharedRuntime::fdiv(jfloat x, jfloat y))
  return x / y;
JRT_END

JRT_LEAF(jdouble, SharedRuntime::dadd(jdouble x, jdouble y))
  return x + y;
JRT_END

JRT_LEAF(jdouble, SharedRuntime::dsub(jdouble x, jdouble y))
  return x - y;
JRT_END

JRT_LEAF(jdouble, SharedRuntime::dmul(jdouble x, jdouble y))
  return x * y;
JRT_END

JRT_LEAF(jdouble, SharedRuntime::ddiv(jdouble x, jdouble y))
  return x / y;
JRT_END

JRT_LEAF(jfloat, SharedRuntime::i2f(jint x))
  return (jfloat)x;
JRT_END

JRT_LEAF(jdouble, SharedRuntime::i2d(jint x))
  return (jdouble)x;
JRT_END

JRT_LEAF(jdouble, SharedRuntime::f2d(jfloat x))
  return (jdouble)x;
JRT_END

JRT_LEAF(int,  SharedRuntime::fcmpl(float x, float y))
  return x>y ? 1 : (x==y ? 0 : -1);  /* x<y or is_nan*/
JRT_END

JRT_LEAF(int,  SharedRuntime::fcmpg(float x, float y))
  return x<y ? -1 : (x==y ? 0 : 1);  /* x>y or is_nan */
JRT_END

JRT_LEAF(int,  SharedRuntime::dcmpl(double x, double y))
  return x>y ? 1 : (x==y ? 0 : -1); /* x<y or is_nan */
JRT_END

JRT_LEAF(int,  SharedRuntime::dcmpg(double x, double y))
  return x<y ? -1 : (x==y ? 0 : 1);  /* x>y or is_nan */
JRT_END

// Functions to return the opposite of the aeabi functions for nan.
JRT_LEAF(int, SharedRuntime::unordered_fcmplt(float x, float y))
  return (x < y) ? 1 : ((g_isnan(x) || g_isnan(y)) ? 1 : 0);
JRT_END

JRT_LEAF(int, SharedRuntime::unordered_dcmplt(double x, double y))
  return (x < y) ? 1 : ((g_isnan(x) || g_isnan(y)) ? 1 : 0);
JRT_END

JRT_LEAF(int, SharedRuntime::unordered_fcmple(float x, float y))
  return (x <= y) ? 1 : ((g_isnan(x) || g_isnan(y)) ? 1 : 0);
JRT_END

JRT_LEAF(int, SharedRuntime::unordered_dcmple(double x, double y))
  return (x <= y) ? 1 : ((g_isnan(x) || g_isnan(y)) ? 1 : 0);
JRT_END

JRT_LEAF(int, SharedRuntime::unordered_fcmpge(float x, float y))
  return (x >= y) ? 1 : ((g_isnan(x) || g_isnan(y)) ? 1 : 0);
JRT_END

JRT_LEAF(int, SharedRuntime::unordered_dcmpge(double x, double y))
  return (x >= y) ? 1 : ((g_isnan(x) || g_isnan(y)) ? 1 : 0);
JRT_END

JRT_LEAF(int, SharedRuntime::unordered_fcmpgt(float x, float y))
  return (x > y) ? 1 : ((g_isnan(x) || g_isnan(y)) ? 1 : 0);
JRT_END

JRT_LEAF(int, SharedRuntime::unordered_dcmpgt(double x, double y))
  return (x > y) ? 1 : ((g_isnan(x) || g_isnan(y)) ? 1 : 0);
JRT_END

// Intrinsics make gcc generate code for these.
float  SharedRuntime::fneg(float f)   {
  return -f;
}

double SharedRuntime::dneg(double f)  {
  return -f;
}

#endif // __SOFTFP__

#if defined(__SOFTFP__) || defined(E500V2)
// Intrinsics make gcc generate code for these.
double SharedRuntime::dabs(double f)  {
  return (f <= (double)0.0) ? (double)0.0 - f : f;
}

#endif

#if defined(__SOFTFP__) || defined(PPC32)
double SharedRuntime::dsqrt(double f) {
  return sqrt(f);
}
#endif

JRT_LEAF(jint, SharedRuntime::f2i(jfloat  x))
  if (g_isnan(x))
    return 0;
  if (x >= (jfloat) max_jint)
    return max_jint;
  if (x <= (jfloat) min_jint)
    return min_jint;
  return (jint) x;
JRT_END


JRT_LEAF(jlong, SharedRuntime::f2l(jfloat  x))
  if (g_isnan(x))
    return 0;
  if (x >= (jfloat) max_jlong)
    return max_jlong;
  if (x <= (jfloat) min_jlong)
    return min_jlong;
  return (jlong) x;
JRT_END


JRT_LEAF(jint, SharedRuntime::d2i(jdouble x))
  if (g_isnan(x))
    return 0;
  if (x >= (jdouble) max_jint)
    return max_jint;
  if (x <= (jdouble) min_jint)
    return min_jint;
  return (jint) x;
JRT_END


JRT_LEAF(jlong, SharedRuntime::d2l(jdouble x))
  if (g_isnan(x))
    return 0;
  if (x >= (jdouble) max_jlong)
    return max_jlong;
  if (x <= (jdouble) min_jlong)
    return min_jlong;
  return (jlong) x;
JRT_END


JRT_LEAF(jfloat, SharedRuntime::d2f(jdouble x))
  return (jfloat)x;
JRT_END


JRT_LEAF(jfloat, SharedRuntime::l2f(jlong x))
  return (jfloat)x;
JRT_END


JRT_LEAF(jdouble, SharedRuntime::l2d(jlong x))
  return (jdouble)x;
JRT_END

// Exception handling accross interpreter/compiler boundaries
//
// exception_handler_for_return_address(...) returns the continuation address.
// The continuation address is the entry point of the exception handler of the
// previous frame depending on the return address.

address SharedRuntime::raw_exception_handler_for_return_address(JavaThread* thread, address return_address) {
  assert(frame::verify_return_pc(return_address), err_msg("must be a return address: " INTPTR_FORMAT, return_address));

  // Reset method handle flag.
  thread->set_is_method_handle_return(false);

  // The fastest case first
  CodeBlob* blob = CodeCache::find_blob(return_address);
  nmethod* nm = (blob != NULL) ? blob->as_nmethod_or_null() : NULL;
  if (nm != NULL) {
    // Set flag if return address is a method handle call site.
    thread->set_is_method_handle_return(nm->is_method_handle_return(return_address));
    // native nmethods don't have exception handlers
    assert(!nm->is_native_method(), "no exception handler");
    assert(nm->header_begin() != nm->exception_begin(), "no exception handler");
    if (nm->is_deopt_pc(return_address)) {
      // If we come here because of a stack overflow, the stack may be
      // unguarded. Reguard the stack otherwise if we return to the
      // deopt blob and the stack bang causes a stack overflow we
      // crash.
      bool guard_pages_enabled = thread->stack_yellow_zone_enabled();
      if (!guard_pages_enabled) guard_pages_enabled = thread->reguard_stack();
      assert(guard_pages_enabled, "stack banging in deopt blob may cause crash");
      return SharedRuntime::deopt_blob()->unpack_with_exception();
    } else {
      return nm->exception_begin();
    }
  }

  // Entry code
  if (StubRoutines::returns_to_call_stub(return_address)) {
    return StubRoutines::catch_exception_entry();
  }
  // Interpreted code
  if (Interpreter::contains(return_address)) {
    return Interpreter::rethrow_exception_entry();
  }

  guarantee(blob == NULL || !blob->is_runtime_stub(), "caller should have skipped stub");
  guarantee(!VtableStubs::contains(return_address), "NULL exceptions in vtables should have been handled already!");

#ifndef PRODUCT
  { ResourceMark rm;
    tty->print_cr("No exception handler found for exception at " INTPTR_FORMAT " - potential problems:", return_address);
    tty->print_cr("a) exception happened in (new?) code stubs/buffers that is not handled here");
    tty->print_cr("b) other problem");
  }
#endif // PRODUCT

  ShouldNotReachHere();
  return NULL;
}


JRT_LEAF(address, SharedRuntime::exception_handler_for_return_address(JavaThread* thread, address return_address))
  return raw_exception_handler_for_return_address(thread, return_address);
JRT_END


address SharedRuntime::get_poll_stub(address pc) {
  address stub;
  // Look up the code blob
  CodeBlob *cb = CodeCache::find_blob(pc);

  // Should be an nmethod
  assert( cb && cb->is_nmethod(), "safepoint polling: pc must refer to an nmethod" );

  // Look up the relocation information
  assert( ((nmethod*)cb)->is_at_poll_or_poll_return(pc),
    "safepoint polling: type must be poll" );

  assert( ((NativeInstruction*)pc)->is_safepoint_poll(),
    "Only polling locations are used for safepoint");

  bool at_poll_return = ((nmethod*)cb)->is_at_poll_return(pc);
  bool has_wide_vectors = ((nmethod*)cb)->has_wide_vectors();
  if (at_poll_return) {
    assert(SharedRuntime::polling_page_return_handler_blob() != NULL,
           "polling page return stub not created yet");
    stub = SharedRuntime::polling_page_return_handler_blob()->entry_point();
  } else if (has_wide_vectors) {
    assert(SharedRuntime::polling_page_vectors_safepoint_handler_blob() != NULL,
           "polling page vectors safepoint stub not created yet");
    stub = SharedRuntime::polling_page_vectors_safepoint_handler_blob()->entry_point();
  } else {
    assert(SharedRuntime::polling_page_safepoint_handler_blob() != NULL,
           "polling page safepoint stub not created yet");
    stub = SharedRuntime::polling_page_safepoint_handler_blob()->entry_point();
  }
#ifndef PRODUCT
  if( TraceSafepoint ) {
    char buf[256];
    jio_snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf),
                 "... found polling page %s exception at pc = "
                 INTPTR_FORMAT ", stub =" INTPTR_FORMAT,
                 at_poll_return ? "return" : "loop",
                 (intptr_t)pc, (intptr_t)stub);
    tty->print_raw_cr(buf);
  }
#endif // PRODUCT
  return stub;
}


oop SharedRuntime::retrieve_receiver( Symbol* sig, frame caller ) {
  assert(caller.is_interpreted_frame(), "");
  int args_size = ArgumentSizeComputer(sig).size() + 1;
  assert(args_size <= caller.interpreter_frame_expression_stack_size(), "receiver must be on interpreter stack");
  oop result = cast_to_oop(*caller.interpreter_frame_tos_at(args_size - 1));
  assert(Universe::heap()->is_in(result) && result->is_oop(), "receiver must be an oop");
  return result;
}


void SharedRuntime::throw_and_post_jvmti_exception(JavaThread *thread, Handle h_exception) {
  if (JvmtiExport::can_post_on_exceptions()) {
    vframeStream vfst(thread, true);
    methodHandle method = methodHandle(thread, vfst.method());
    address bcp = method()->bcp_from(vfst.bci());
    JvmtiExport::post_exception_throw(thread, method(), bcp, h_exception());
  }
  Exceptions::_throw(thread, __FILE__, __LINE__, h_exception);
}

void SharedRuntime::throw_and_post_jvmti_exception(JavaThread *thread, Symbol* name, const char *message) {
  Handle h_exception = Exceptions::new_exception(thread, name, message);
  throw_and_post_jvmti_exception(thread, h_exception);
}

// The interpreter code to call this tracing function is only
// called/generated when TraceRedefineClasses has the right bits
// set. Since obsolete methods are never compiled, we don't have
// to modify the compilers to generate calls to this function.
//
JRT_LEAF(int, SharedRuntime::rc_trace_method_entry(
    JavaThread* thread, Method* method))
  assert(RC_TRACE_IN_RANGE(0x00001000, 0x00002000), "wrong call");

  if (method->is_obsolete()) {
    // We are calling an obsolete method, but this is not necessarily
    // an error. Our method could have been redefined just after we
    // fetched the Method* from the constant pool.

    // RC_TRACE macro has an embedded ResourceMark
    RC_TRACE_WITH_THREAD(0x00001000, thread,
                         ("calling obsolete method '%s'",
                          method->name_and_sig_as_C_string()));
    if (RC_TRACE_ENABLED(0x00002000)) {
      // this option is provided to debug calls to obsolete methods
      guarantee(false, "faulting at call to an obsolete method.");
    }
  }
  return 0;
JRT_END

// ret_pc points into caller; we are returning caller's exception handler
// for given exception
address SharedRuntime::compute_compiled_exc_handler(nmethod* nm, address ret_pc, Handle& exception,
                                                    bool force_unwind, bool top_frame_only) {
  assert(nm != NULL, "must exist");
  ResourceMark rm;

  ScopeDesc* sd = nm->scope_desc_at(ret_pc);
  // determine handler bci, if any
  EXCEPTION_MARK;

  int handler_bci = -1;
  int scope_depth = 0;
  if (!force_unwind) {
    int bci = sd->bci();
    bool recursive_exception = false;
    do {
      bool skip_scope_increment = false;
      // exception handler lookup
      KlassHandle ek (THREAD, exception->klass());
      methodHandle mh(THREAD, sd->method());
      handler_bci = Method::fast_exception_handler_bci_for(mh, ek, bci, THREAD);
      if (HAS_PENDING_EXCEPTION) {
        recursive_exception = true;
        // We threw an exception while trying to find the exception handler.
        // Transfer the new exception to the exception handle which will
        // be set into thread local storage, and do another lookup for an
        // exception handler for this exception, this time starting at the
        // BCI of the exception handler which caused the exception to be
        // thrown (bugs 4307310 and 4546590). Set "exception" reference
        // argument to ensure that the correct exception is thrown (4870175).
        exception = Handle(THREAD, PENDING_EXCEPTION);
        CLEAR_PENDING_EXCEPTION;
        if (handler_bci >= 0) {
          bci = handler_bci;
          handler_bci = -1;
          skip_scope_increment = true;
        }
      }
      else {
        recursive_exception = false;
      }
      if (!top_frame_only && handler_bci < 0 && !skip_scope_increment) {
        sd = sd->sender();
        if (sd != NULL) {
          bci = sd->bci();
        }
        ++scope_depth;
      }
    } while (recursive_exception || (!top_frame_only && handler_bci < 0 && sd != NULL));
  }

  // found handling method => lookup exception handler
  int catch_pco = ret_pc - nm->code_begin();

  ExceptionHandlerTable table(nm);
  HandlerTableEntry *t = table.entry_for(catch_pco, handler_bci, scope_depth);
  if (t == NULL && (nm->is_compiled_by_c1() || handler_bci != -1)) {
    // Allow abbreviated catch tables.  The idea is to allow a method
    // to materialize its exceptions without committing to the exact
    // routing of exceptions.  In particular this is needed for adding
    // a synthethic handler to unlock monitors when inlining
    // synchonized methods since the unlock path isn't represented in
    // the bytecodes.
    t = table.entry_for(catch_pco, -1, 0);
  }

#ifdef COMPILER1
  if (t == NULL && nm->is_compiled_by_c1()) {
    assert(nm->unwind_handler_begin() != NULL, "");
    return nm->unwind_handler_begin();
  }
#endif

  if (t == NULL) {
    tty->print_cr("MISSING EXCEPTION HANDLER for pc " INTPTR_FORMAT " and handler bci %d", ret_pc, handler_bci);
    tty->print_cr("   Exception:");
    exception->print();
    tty->cr();
    tty->print_cr(" Compiled exception table :");
    table.print();
    nm->print_code();
    guarantee(false, "missing exception handler");
    return NULL;
  }

  return nm->code_begin() + t->pco();
}

JRT_ENTRY(void, SharedRuntime::throw_AbstractMethodError(JavaThread* thread))
  // These errors occur only at call sites
  throw_and_post_jvmti_exception(thread, vmSymbols::java_lang_AbstractMethodError());
JRT_END

JRT_ENTRY(void, SharedRuntime::throw_IncompatibleClassChangeError(JavaThread* thread))
  // These errors occur only at call sites
  throw_and_post_jvmti_exception(thread, vmSymbols::java_lang_IncompatibleClassChangeError(), "vtable stub");
JRT_END

JRT_ENTRY(void, SharedRuntime::throw_ArithmeticException(JavaThread* thread))
  throw_and_post_jvmti_exception(thread, vmSymbols::java_lang_ArithmeticException(), "/ by zero");
JRT_END

JRT_ENTRY(void, SharedRuntime::throw_NullPointerException(JavaThread* thread))
  throw_and_post_jvmti_exception(thread, vmSymbols::java_lang_NullPointerException());
JRT_END

JRT_ENTRY(void, SharedRuntime::throw_NullPointerException_at_call(JavaThread* thread))
  // This entry point is effectively only used for NullPointerExceptions which occur at inline
  // cache sites (when the callee activation is not yet set up) so we are at a call site
  throw_and_post_jvmti_exception(thread, vmSymbols::java_lang_NullPointerException());
JRT_END

JRT_ENTRY(void, SharedRuntime::throw_StackOverflowError(JavaThread* thread))
  // We avoid using the normal exception construction in this case because
  // it performs an upcall to Java, and we're already out of stack space.
  Klass* k = SystemDictionary::StackOverflowError_klass();
  oop exception_oop = InstanceKlass::cast(k)->allocate_instance(CHECK);
  Handle exception (thread, exception_oop);
  if (StackTraceInThrowable) {
    java_lang_Throwable::fill_in_stack_trace(exception);
  }
  throw_and_post_jvmti_exception(thread, exception);
JRT_END

address SharedRuntime::continuation_for_implicit_exception(JavaThread* thread,
                                                           address pc,
                                                           SharedRuntime::ImplicitExceptionKind exception_kind)
{
  address target_pc = NULL;

  if (Interpreter::contains(pc)) {
#ifdef CC_INTERP
    // C++ interpreter doesn't throw implicit exceptions
    ShouldNotReachHere();
#else
    switch (exception_kind) {
      case IMPLICIT_NULL:           return Interpreter::throw_NullPointerException_entry();
      case IMPLICIT_DIVIDE_BY_ZERO: return Interpreter::throw_ArithmeticException_entry();
      case STACK_OVERFLOW:          return Interpreter::throw_StackOverflowError_entry();
      default:                      ShouldNotReachHere();
    }
#endif // !CC_INTERP
  } else {
    switch (exception_kind) {
      case STACK_OVERFLOW: {
        // Stack overflow only occurs upon frame setup; the callee is
        // going to be unwound. Dispatch to a shared runtime stub
        // which will cause the StackOverflowError to be fabricated
        // and processed.
        // For stack overflow in deoptimization blob, cleanup thread.
        if (thread->deopt_mark() != NULL) {
          Deoptimization::cleanup_deopt_info(thread, NULL);
        }
        Events::log_exception(thread, "StackOverflowError at " INTPTR_FORMAT, pc);
        return StubRoutines::throw_StackOverflowError_entry();
      }

      case IMPLICIT_NULL: {
        if (VtableStubs::contains(pc)) {
          // We haven't yet entered the callee frame. Fabricate an
          // exception and begin dispatching it in the caller. Since
          // the caller was at a call site, it's safe to destroy all
          // caller-saved registers, as these entry points do.
          VtableStub* vt_stub = VtableStubs::stub_containing(pc);

          // If vt_stub is NULL, then return NULL to signal handler to report the SEGV error.
          if (vt_stub == NULL) return NULL;

          if (vt_stub->is_abstract_method_error(pc)) {
            assert(!vt_stub->is_vtable_stub(), "should never see AbstractMethodErrors from vtable-type VtableStubs");
            Events::log_exception(thread, "AbstractMethodError at " INTPTR_FORMAT, pc);
            return StubRoutines::throw_AbstractMethodError_entry();
          } else {
            Events::log_exception(thread, "NullPointerException at vtable entry " INTPTR_FORMAT, pc);
            return StubRoutines::throw_NullPointerException_at_call_entry();
          }
        } else {
          CodeBlob* cb = CodeCache::find_blob(pc);

          // If code blob is NULL, then return NULL to signal handler to report the SEGV error.
          if (cb == NULL) return NULL;

          // Exception happened in CodeCache. Must be either:
          // 1. Inline-cache check in C2I handler blob,
          // 2. Inline-cache check in nmethod, or
          // 3. Implict null exception in nmethod

          if (!cb->is_nmethod()) {
            bool is_in_blob = cb->is_adapter_blob() || cb->is_method_handles_adapter_blob();
            if (!is_in_blob) {
              cb->print();
              fatal(err_msg("exception happened outside interpreter, nmethods and vtable stubs at pc " INTPTR_FORMAT, pc));
            }
            Events::log_exception(thread, "NullPointerException in code blob at " INTPTR_FORMAT, pc);
            // There is no handler here, so we will simply unwind.
            return StubRoutines::throw_NullPointerException_at_call_entry();
          }

          // Otherwise, it's an nmethod.  Consult its exception handlers.
          nmethod* nm = (nmethod*)cb;
          if (nm->inlinecache_check_contains(pc)) {
            // exception happened inside inline-cache check code
            // => the nmethod is not yet active (i.e., the frame
            // is not set up yet) => use return address pushed by
            // caller => don't push another return address
            Events::log_exception(thread, "NullPointerException in IC check " INTPTR_FORMAT, pc);
            return StubRoutines::throw_NullPointerException_at_call_entry();
          }

          if (nm->method()->is_method_handle_intrinsic()) {
            // exception happened inside MH dispatch code, similar to a vtable stub
            Events::log_exception(thread, "NullPointerException in MH adapter " INTPTR_FORMAT, pc);
            return StubRoutines::throw_NullPointerException_at_call_entry();
          }

#ifndef PRODUCT
          _implicit_null_throws++;
#endif
          target_pc = nm->continuation_for_implicit_exception(pc);
          // If there's an unexpected fault, target_pc might be NULL,
          // in which case we want to fall through into the normal
          // error handling code.
        }

        break; // fall through
      }


      case IMPLICIT_DIVIDE_BY_ZERO: {
        nmethod* nm = CodeCache::find_nmethod(pc);
        guarantee(nm != NULL, "must have containing nmethod for implicit division-by-zero exceptions");
#ifndef PRODUCT
        _implicit_div0_throws++;
#endif
        target_pc = nm->continuation_for_implicit_exception(pc);
        // If there's an unexpected fault, target_pc might be NULL,
        // in which case we want to fall through into the normal
        // error handling code.
        break; // fall through
      }

      default: ShouldNotReachHere();
    }

    assert(exception_kind == IMPLICIT_NULL || exception_kind == IMPLICIT_DIVIDE_BY_ZERO, "wrong implicit exception kind");

    // for AbortVMOnException flag
    NOT_PRODUCT(Exceptions::debug_check_abort("java.lang.NullPointerException"));
    if (exception_kind == IMPLICIT_NULL) {
      Events::log_exception(thread, "Implicit null exception at " INTPTR_FORMAT " to " INTPTR_FORMAT, pc, target_pc);
    } else {
      Events::log_exception(thread, "Implicit division by zero exception at " INTPTR_FORMAT " to " INTPTR_FORMAT, pc, target_pc);
    }
    return target_pc;
  }

  ShouldNotReachHere();
  return NULL;
}


/**
 * Throws an java/lang/UnsatisfiedLinkError.  The address of this method is
 * installed in the native function entry of all native Java methods before
 * they get linked to their actual native methods.
 *
 * \note
 * This method actually never gets called!  The reason is because
 * the interpreter's native entries call NativeLookup::lookup() which
 * throws the exception when the lookup fails.  The exception is then
 * caught and forwarded on the return from NativeLookup::lookup() call
 * before the call to the native function.  This might change in the future.
 */
JNI_ENTRY(void*, throw_unsatisfied_link_error(JNIEnv* env, ...))
{
  // We return a bad value here to make sure that the exception is
  // forwarded before we look at the return value.
  THROW_(vmSymbols::java_lang_UnsatisfiedLinkError(), (void*)badJNIHandle);
}
JNI_END

address SharedRuntime::native_method_throw_unsatisfied_link_error_entry() {
  return CAST_FROM_FN_PTR(address, &throw_unsatisfied_link_error);
}


#ifndef PRODUCT
JRT_ENTRY(intptr_t, SharedRuntime::trace_bytecode(JavaThread* thread, intptr_t preserve_this_value, intptr_t tos, intptr_t tos2))
  const frame f = thread->last_frame();
  assert(f.is_interpreted_frame(), "must be an interpreted frame");
#ifndef PRODUCT
  methodHandle mh(THREAD, f.interpreter_frame_method());
  BytecodeTracer::trace(mh, f.interpreter_frame_bcp(), tos, tos2);
#endif // !PRODUCT
  return preserve_this_value;
JRT_END
#endif // !PRODUCT


JRT_ENTRY(void, SharedRuntime::yield_all(JavaThread* thread, int attempts))
  os::yield_all(attempts);
JRT_END


JRT_ENTRY_NO_ASYNC(void, SharedRuntime::register_finalizer(JavaThread* thread, oopDesc* obj))
  assert(obj->is_oop(), "must be a valid oop");
  assert(obj->klass()->has_finalizer(), "shouldn't be here otherwise");
  InstanceKlass::register_finalizer(instanceOop(obj), CHECK);
JRT_END


jlong SharedRuntime::get_java_tid(Thread* thread) {
  if (thread != NULL) {
    if (thread->is_Java_thread()) {
      oop obj = ((JavaThread*)thread)->threadObj();
      return (obj == NULL) ? 0 : java_lang_Thread::thread_id(obj);
    }
  }
  return 0;
}

/**
 * This function ought to be a void function, but cannot be because
 * it gets turned into a tail-call on sparc, which runs into dtrace bug
 * 6254741.  Once that is fixed we can remove the dummy return value.
 */
int SharedRuntime::dtrace_object_alloc(oopDesc* o, int size) {
  return dtrace_object_alloc_base(Thread::current(), o, size);
}

int SharedRuntime::dtrace_object_alloc_base(Thread* thread, oopDesc* o, int size) {
  assert(DTraceAllocProbes, "wrong call");
  Klass* klass = o->klass();
  Symbol* name = klass->name();
#ifndef USDT2
  HS_DTRACE_PROBE4(hotspot, object__alloc, get_java_tid(thread),
                   name->bytes(), name->utf8_length(), size * HeapWordSize);
#else /* USDT2 */
  HOTSPOT_OBJECT_ALLOC(
                   get_java_tid(thread),
                   (char *) name->bytes(), name->utf8_length(), size * HeapWordSize);
#endif /* USDT2 */
  return 0;
}

JRT_LEAF(int, SharedRuntime::dtrace_method_entry(
    JavaThread* thread, Method* method))
  assert(DTraceMethodProbes, "wrong call");
  Symbol* kname = method->klass_name();
  Symbol* name = method->name();
  Symbol* sig = method->signature();
#ifndef USDT2
  HS_DTRACE_PROBE7(hotspot, method__entry, get_java_tid(thread),
      kname->bytes(), kname->utf8_length(),
      name->bytes(), name->utf8_length(),
      sig->bytes(), sig->utf8_length());
#else /* USDT2 */
  HOTSPOT_METHOD_ENTRY(
      get_java_tid(thread),
      (char *) kname->bytes(), kname->utf8_length(),
      (char *) name->bytes(), name->utf8_length(),
      (char *) sig->bytes(), sig->utf8_length());
#endif /* USDT2 */
  return 0;
JRT_END

JRT_LEAF(int, SharedRuntime::dtrace_method_exit(
    JavaThread* thread, Method* method))
  assert(DTraceMethodProbes, "wrong call");
  Symbol* kname = method->klass_name();
  Symbol* name = method->name();
  Symbol* sig = method->signature();
#ifndef USDT2
  HS_DTRACE_PROBE7(hotspot, method__return, get_java_tid(thread),
      kname->bytes(), kname->utf8_length(),
      name->bytes(), name->utf8_length(),
      sig->bytes(), sig->utf8_length());
#else /* USDT2 */
  HOTSPOT_METHOD_RETURN(
      get_java_tid(thread),
      (char *) kname->bytes(), kname->utf8_length(),
      (char *) name->bytes(), name->utf8_length(),
      (char *) sig->bytes(), sig->utf8_length());
#endif /* USDT2 */
  return 0;
JRT_END


// Finds receiver, CallInfo (i.e. receiver method), and calling bytecode)
// for a call current in progress, i.e., arguments has been pushed on stack
// put callee has not been invoked yet.  Used by: resolve virtual/static,
// vtable updates, etc.  Caller frame must be compiled.
Handle SharedRuntime::find_callee_info(JavaThread* thread, Bytecodes::Code& bc, CallInfo& callinfo, TRAPS) {
  ResourceMark rm(THREAD);

  // last java frame on stack (which includes native call frames)
  vframeStream vfst(thread, true);  // Do not skip and javaCalls

  return find_callee_info_helper(thread, vfst, bc, callinfo, CHECK_(Handle()));
}


// Finds receiver, CallInfo (i.e. receiver method), and calling bytecode
// for a call current in progress, i.e., arguments has been pushed on stack
// but callee has not been invoked yet.  Caller frame must be compiled.
Handle SharedRuntime::find_callee_info_helper(JavaThread* thread,
                                              vframeStream& vfst,
                                              Bytecodes::Code& bc,
                                              CallInfo& callinfo, TRAPS) {
  Handle receiver;
  Handle nullHandle;  //create a handy null handle for exception returns

  assert(!vfst.at_end(), "Java frame must exist");

  // Find caller and bci from vframe
  methodHandle caller(THREAD, vfst.method());
  int          bci   = vfst.bci();

  // Find bytecode
  Bytecode_invoke bytecode(caller, bci);
  bc = bytecode.invoke_code();
  int bytecode_index = bytecode.index();

  // Find receiver for non-static call
  if (bc != Bytecodes::_invokestatic &&
      bc != Bytecodes::_invokedynamic &&
      bc != Bytecodes::_invokehandle) {
    // This register map must be update since we need to find the receiver for
    // compiled frames. The receiver might be in a register.
    RegisterMap reg_map2(thread);
    frame stubFrame   = thread->last_frame();
    // Caller-frame is a compiled frame
    frame callerFrame = stubFrame.sender(&reg_map2);

    methodHandle callee = bytecode.static_target(CHECK_(nullHandle));
    if (callee.is_null()) {
      THROW_(vmSymbols::java_lang_NoSuchMethodException(), nullHandle);
    }
    // Retrieve from a compiled argument list
    receiver = Handle(THREAD, callerFrame.retrieve_receiver(&reg_map2));

    if (receiver.is_null()) {
      THROW_(vmSymbols::java_lang_NullPointerException(), nullHandle);
    }
  }

  // Resolve method. This is parameterized by bytecode.
  constantPoolHandle constants(THREAD, caller->constants());
  assert(receiver.is_null() || receiver->is_oop(), "wrong receiver");
  LinkResolver::resolve_invoke(callinfo, receiver, constants, bytecode_index, bc, CHECK_(nullHandle));

#ifdef ASSERT
  // Check that the receiver klass is of the right subtype and that it is initialized for virtual calls
  if (bc != Bytecodes::_invokestatic && bc != Bytecodes::_invokedynamic && bc != Bytecodes::_invokehandle) {
    assert(receiver.not_null(), "should have thrown exception");
    KlassHandle receiver_klass(THREAD, receiver->klass());
    Klass* rk = constants->klass_ref_at(bytecode_index, CHECK_(nullHandle));
                            // klass is already loaded
    KlassHandle static_receiver_klass(THREAD, rk);
    // Method handle invokes might have been optimized to a direct call
    // so don't check for the receiver class.
    // FIXME this weakens the assert too much
    methodHandle callee = callinfo.selected_method();
    assert(receiver_klass->is_subtype_of(static_receiver_klass()) ||
           callee->is_method_handle_intrinsic() ||
           callee->is_compiled_lambda_form(),
           "actual receiver must be subclass of static receiver klass");
    if (receiver_klass->oop_is_instance()) {
      if (InstanceKlass::cast(receiver_klass())->is_not_initialized()) {
        tty->print_cr("ERROR: Klass not yet initialized!!");
        receiver_klass()->print();
      }
      assert(!InstanceKlass::cast(receiver_klass())->is_not_initialized(), "receiver_klass must be initialized");
    }
  }
#endif

  return receiver;
}

methodHandle SharedRuntime::find_callee_method(JavaThread* thread, TRAPS) {
  ResourceMark rm(THREAD);
  // We need first to check if any Java activations (compiled, interpreted)
  // exist on the stack since last JavaCall.  If not, we need
  // to get the target method from the JavaCall wrapper.
  vframeStream vfst(thread, true);  // Do not skip any javaCalls
  methodHandle callee_method;
  if (vfst.at_end()) {
    // No Java frames were found on stack since we did the JavaCall.
    // Hence the stack can only contain an entry_frame.  We need to
    // find the target method from the stub frame.
    RegisterMap reg_map(thread, false);
    frame fr = thread->last_frame();
    assert(fr.is_runtime_frame(), "must be a runtimeStub");
    fr = fr.sender(&reg_map);
    assert(fr.is_entry_frame(), "must be");
    // fr is now pointing to the entry frame.
    callee_method = methodHandle(THREAD, fr.entry_frame_call_wrapper()->callee_method());
    assert(fr.entry_frame_call_wrapper()->receiver() == NULL || !callee_method->is_static(), "non-null receiver for static call??");
  } else {
    Bytecodes::Code bc;
    CallInfo callinfo;
    find_callee_info_helper(thread, vfst, bc, callinfo, CHECK_(methodHandle()));
    callee_method = callinfo.selected_method();
  }
  assert(callee_method()->is_method(), "must be");
  return callee_method;
}

// Resolves a call.
methodHandle SharedRuntime::resolve_helper(JavaThread *thread,
                                           bool is_virtual,
                                           bool is_optimized, TRAPS) {
  methodHandle callee_method;
  callee_method = resolve_sub_helper(thread, is_virtual, is_optimized, THREAD);
  if (JvmtiExport::can_hotswap_or_post_breakpoint()) {
    int retry_count = 0;
    while (!HAS_PENDING_EXCEPTION && callee_method->is_old() &&
           callee_method->method_holder() != SystemDictionary::Object_klass()) {
      // If has a pending exception then there is no need to re-try to
      // resolve this method.
      // If the method has been redefined, we need to try again.
      // Hack: we have no way to update the vtables of arrays, so don't
      // require that java.lang.Object has been updated.

      // It is very unlikely that method is redefined more than 100 times
      // in the middle of resolve. If it is looping here more than 100 times
      // means then there could be a bug here.
      guarantee((retry_count++ < 100),
                "Could not resolve to latest version of redefined method");
      // method is redefined in the middle of resolve so re-try.
      callee_method = resolve_sub_helper(thread, is_virtual, is_optimized, THREAD);
    }
  }
  return callee_method;
}

// Resolves a call.  The compilers generate code for calls that go here
// and are patched with the real destination of the call.
methodHandle SharedRuntime::resolve_sub_helper(JavaThread *thread,
                                           bool is_virtual,
                                           bool is_optimized, TRAPS) {

  ResourceMark rm(thread);
  RegisterMap cbl_map(thread, false);
  frame caller_frame = thread->last_frame().sender(&cbl_map);

  CodeBlob* caller_cb = caller_frame.cb();
  guarantee(caller_cb != NULL && caller_cb->is_nmethod(), "must be called from nmethod");
  nmethod* caller_nm = caller_cb->as_nmethod_or_null();

  // make sure caller is not getting deoptimized
  // and removed before we are done with it.
  // CLEANUP - with lazy deopt shouldn't need this lock
  nmethodLocker caller_lock(caller_nm);

  // determine call info & receiver
  // note: a) receiver is NULL for static calls
  //       b) an exception is thrown if receiver is NULL for non-static calls
  CallInfo call_info;
  Bytecodes::Code invoke_code = Bytecodes::_illegal;
  Handle receiver = find_callee_info(thread, invoke_code,
                                     call_info, CHECK_(methodHandle()));
  methodHandle callee_method = call_info.selected_method();

  assert((!is_virtual && invoke_code == Bytecodes::_invokestatic ) ||
         (!is_virtual && invoke_code == Bytecodes::_invokehandle ) ||
         (!is_virtual && invoke_code == Bytecodes::_invokedynamic) ||
         ( is_virtual && invoke_code != Bytecodes::_invokestatic ), "inconsistent bytecode");

  // We do not patch the call site if the caller nmethod has been made non-entrant.
  if (!caller_nm->is_in_use()) {
    return callee_method;
  }

#ifndef PRODUCT
  // tracing/debugging/statistics
  int *addr = (is_optimized) ? (&_resolve_opt_virtual_ctr) :
                (is_virtual) ? (&_resolve_virtual_ctr) :
                               (&_resolve_static_ctr);
  Atomic::inc(addr);

  if (TraceCallFixup) {
    ResourceMark rm(thread);
    tty->print("resolving %s%s (%s) call to",
      (is_optimized) ? "optimized " : "", (is_virtual) ? "virtual" : "static",
      Bytecodes::name(invoke_code));
    callee_method->print_short_name(tty);
    tty->print_cr(" at pc: " INTPTR_FORMAT " to code: " INTPTR_FORMAT, caller_frame.pc(), callee_method->code());
  }
#endif

  // JSR 292 key invariant:
  // If the resolved method is a MethodHandle invoke target the call
  // site must be a MethodHandle call site, because the lambda form might tail-call
  // leaving the stack in a state unknown to either caller or callee
  // TODO detune for now but we might need it again
//  assert(!callee_method->is_compiled_lambda_form() ||
//         caller_nm->is_method_handle_return(caller_frame.pc()), "must be MH call site");

  // Compute entry points. This might require generation of C2I converter
  // frames, so we cannot be holding any locks here. Furthermore, the
  // computation of the entry points is independent of patching the call.  We
  // always return the entry-point, but we only patch the stub if the call has
  // not been deoptimized.  Return values: For a virtual call this is an
  // (cached_oop, destination address) pair. For a static call/optimized
  // virtual this is just a destination address.

  StaticCallInfo static_call_info;
  CompiledICInfo virtual_call_info;

  // Make sure the callee nmethod does not get deoptimized and removed before
  // we are done patching the code.
  nmethod* callee_nm = callee_method->code();
  if (callee_nm != NULL && !callee_nm->is_in_use()) {
    // Patch call site to C2I adapter if callee nmethod is deoptimized or unloaded.
    callee_nm = NULL;
  }
  nmethodLocker nl_callee(callee_nm);
#ifdef ASSERT
  address dest_entry_point = callee_nm == NULL ? 0 : callee_nm->entry_point(); // used below
#endif

  if (is_virtual) {
    assert(receiver.not_null() || invoke_code == Bytecodes::_invokehandle, "sanity check");
    bool static_bound = call_info.resolved_method()->can_be_statically_bound();
    KlassHandle h_klass(THREAD, invoke_code == Bytecodes::_invokehandle ? NULL : receiver->klass());
    CompiledIC::compute_monomorphic_entry(callee_method, h_klass,
                     is_optimized, static_bound, virtual_call_info,
                     CHECK_(methodHandle()));
  } else {
    // static call
    CompiledStaticCall::compute_entry(callee_method, static_call_info);
  }

  // grab lock, check for deoptimization and potentially patch caller
  {
    MutexLocker ml_patch(CompiledIC_lock);

    // Lock blocks for safepoint during which both nmethods can change state.

    // Now that we are ready to patch if the Method* was redefined then
    // don't update call site and let the caller retry.
    // Don't update call site if caller nmethod has been made non-entrant
    // as it is a waste of time.
    // Don't update call site if callee nmethod was unloaded or deoptimized.
    // Don't update call site if callee nmethod was replaced by an other nmethod
    // which may happen when multiply alive nmethod (tiered compilation)
    // will be supported.
    if (!callee_method->is_old() && caller_nm->is_in_use() &&
        (callee_nm == NULL || callee_nm->is_in_use() && (callee_method->code() == callee_nm))) {
#ifdef ASSERT
      // We must not try to patch to jump to an already unloaded method.
      if (dest_entry_point != 0) {
        CodeBlob* cb = CodeCache::find_blob(dest_entry_point);
        assert((cb != NULL) && cb->is_nmethod() && (((nmethod*)cb) == callee_nm),
               "should not call unloaded nmethod");
      }
#endif
      if (is_virtual) {
        nmethod* nm = callee_nm;
        if (nm == NULL) CodeCache::find_blob(caller_frame.pc());
        CompiledIC* inline_cache = CompiledIC_before(caller_nm, caller_frame.pc());
        if (inline_cache->is_clean()) {
          inline_cache->set_to_monomorphic(virtual_call_info);
        }
      } else {
        CompiledStaticCall* ssc = compiledStaticCall_before(caller_frame.pc());
        if (ssc->is_clean()) ssc->set(static_call_info);
      }
    }

  } // unlock CompiledIC_lock

  return callee_method;
}


// Inline caches exist only in compiled code
JRT_BLOCK_ENTRY(address, SharedRuntime::handle_wrong_method_ic_miss(JavaThread* thread))
#ifdef ASSERT
  RegisterMap reg_map(thread, false);
  frame stub_frame = thread->last_frame();
  assert(stub_frame.is_runtime_frame(), "sanity check");
  frame caller_frame = stub_frame.sender(&reg_map);
  assert(!caller_frame.is_interpreted_frame() && !caller_frame.is_entry_frame(), "unexpected frame");
#endif /* ASSERT */

  methodHandle callee_method;
  JRT_BLOCK
    callee_method = SharedRuntime::handle_ic_miss_helper(thread, CHECK_NULL);
    // Return Method* through TLS
    thread->set_vm_result_2(callee_method());
  JRT_BLOCK_END
  // return compiled code entry point after potential safepoints
  assert(callee_method->verified_code_entry() != NULL, " Jump to zero!");
  return callee_method->verified_code_entry();
JRT_END


// Handle call site that has been made non-entrant
JRT_BLOCK_ENTRY(address, SharedRuntime::handle_wrong_method(JavaThread* thread))
  // 6243940 We might end up in here if the callee is deoptimized
  // as we race to call it.  We don't want to take a safepoint if
  // the caller was interpreted because the caller frame will look
  // interpreted to the stack walkers and arguments are now
  // "compiled" so it is much better to make this transition
  // invisible to the stack walking code. The i2c path will
  // place the callee method in the callee_target. It is stashed
  // there because if we try and find the callee by normal means a
  // safepoint is possible and have trouble gc'ing the compiled args.
  RegisterMap reg_map(thread, false);
  frame stub_frame = thread->last_frame();
  assert(stub_frame.is_runtime_frame(), "sanity check");
  frame caller_frame = stub_frame.sender(&reg_map);

  if (caller_frame.is_interpreted_frame() ||
      caller_frame.is_entry_frame()) {
    Method* callee = thread->callee_target();
    guarantee(callee != NULL && callee->is_method(), "bad handshake");
    thread->set_vm_result_2(callee);
    thread->set_callee_target(NULL);
    return callee->get_c2i_entry();
  }

  // Must be compiled to compiled path which is safe to stackwalk
  methodHandle callee_method;
  JRT_BLOCK
    // Force resolving of caller (if we called from compiled frame)
    callee_method = SharedRuntime::reresolve_call_site(thread, CHECK_NULL);
    thread->set_vm_result_2(callee_method());
  JRT_BLOCK_END
  // return compiled code entry point after potential safepoints
  assert(callee_method->verified_code_entry() != NULL, " Jump to zero!");
  return callee_method->verified_code_entry();
JRT_END

// Handle abstract method call
JRT_BLOCK_ENTRY(address, SharedRuntime::handle_wrong_method_abstract(JavaThread* thread))
  return StubRoutines::throw_AbstractMethodError_entry();
JRT_END


// resolve a static call and patch code
JRT_BLOCK_ENTRY(address, SharedRuntime::resolve_static_call_C(JavaThread *thread ))
  methodHandle callee_method;
  JRT_BLOCK
    callee_method = SharedRuntime::resolve_helper(thread, false, false, CHECK_NULL);
    thread->set_vm_result_2(callee_method());
  JRT_BLOCK_END
  // return compiled code entry point after potential safepoints
  assert(callee_method->verified_code_entry() != NULL, " Jump to zero!");
  return callee_method->verified_code_entry();
JRT_END


// resolve virtual call and update inline cache to monomorphic
JRT_BLOCK_ENTRY(address, SharedRuntime::resolve_virtual_call_C(JavaThread *thread ))
  methodHandle callee_method;
  JRT_BLOCK
    callee_method = SharedRuntime::resolve_helper(thread, true, false, CHECK_NULL);
    thread->set_vm_result_2(callee_method());
  JRT_BLOCK_END
  // return compiled code entry point after potential safepoints
  assert(callee_method->verified_code_entry() != NULL, " Jump to zero!");
  return callee_method->verified_code_entry();
JRT_END


// Resolve a virtual call that can be statically bound (e.g., always
// monomorphic, so it has no inline cache).  Patch code to resolved target.
JRT_BLOCK_ENTRY(address, SharedRuntime::resolve_opt_virtual_call_C(JavaThread *thread))
  methodHandle callee_method;
  JRT_BLOCK
    callee_method = SharedRuntime::resolve_helper(thread, true, true, CHECK_NULL);
    thread->set_vm_result_2(callee_method());
  JRT_BLOCK_END
  // return compiled code entry point after potential safepoints
  assert(callee_method->verified_code_entry() != NULL, " Jump to zero!");
  return callee_method->verified_code_entry();
JRT_END





methodHandle SharedRuntime::handle_ic_miss_helper(JavaThread *thread, TRAPS) {
  ResourceMark rm(thread);
  CallInfo call_info;
  Bytecodes::Code bc;

  // receiver is NULL for static calls. An exception is thrown for NULL
  // receivers for non-static calls
  Handle receiver = find_callee_info(thread, bc, call_info,
                                     CHECK_(methodHandle()));
  // Compiler1 can produce virtual call sites that can actually be statically bound
  // If we fell thru to below we would think that the site was going megamorphic
  // when in fact the site can never miss. Worse because we'd think it was megamorphic
  // we'd try and do a vtable dispatch however methods that can be statically bound
  // don't have vtable entries (vtable_index < 0) and we'd blow up. So we force a
  // reresolution of the  call site (as if we did a handle_wrong_method and not an
  // plain ic_miss) and the site will be converted to an optimized virtual call site
  // never to miss again. I don't believe C2 will produce code like this but if it
  // did this would still be the correct thing to do for it too, hence no ifdef.
  //
  if (call_info.resolved_method()->can_be_statically_bound()) {
    methodHandle callee_method = SharedRuntime::reresolve_call_site(thread, CHECK_(methodHandle()));
    if (TraceCallFixup) {
      RegisterMap reg_map(thread, false);
      frame caller_frame = thread->last_frame().sender(&reg_map);
      ResourceMark rm(thread);
      tty->print("converting IC miss to reresolve (%s) call to", Bytecodes::name(bc));
      callee_method->print_short_name(tty);
      tty->print_cr(" from pc: " INTPTR_FORMAT, caller_frame.pc());
      tty->print_cr(" code: " INTPTR_FORMAT, callee_method->code());
    }
    return callee_method;
  }

  methodHandle callee_method = call_info.selected_method();

  bool should_be_mono = false;

#ifndef PRODUCT
  Atomic::inc(&_ic_miss_ctr);

  // Statistics & Tracing
  if (TraceCallFixup) {
    ResourceMark rm(thread);
    tty->print("IC miss (%s) call to", Bytecodes::name(bc));
    callee_method->print_short_name(tty);
    tty->print_cr(" code: " INTPTR_FORMAT, callee_method->code());
  }

  if (ICMissHistogram) {
    MutexLocker m(VMStatistic_lock);
    RegisterMap reg_map(thread, false);
    frame f = thread->last_frame().real_sender(&reg_map);// skip runtime stub
    // produce statistics under the lock
    trace_ic_miss(f.pc());
  }
#endif

  // install an event collector so that when a vtable stub is created the
  // profiler can be notified via a DYNAMIC_CODE_GENERATED event. The
  // event can't be posted when the stub is created as locks are held
  // - instead the event will be deferred until the event collector goes
  // out of scope.
  JvmtiDynamicCodeEventCollector event_collector;

  // Update inline cache to megamorphic. Skip update if caller has been
  // made non-entrant or we are called from interpreted.
  { MutexLocker ml_patch (CompiledIC_lock);
    RegisterMap reg_map(thread, false);
    frame caller_frame = thread->last_frame().sender(&reg_map);
    CodeBlob* cb = caller_frame.cb();
    if (cb->is_nmethod() && ((nmethod*)cb)->is_in_use()) {
      // Not a non-entrant nmethod, so find inline_cache
      CompiledIC* inline_cache = CompiledIC_before(((nmethod*)cb), caller_frame.pc());
      bool should_be_mono = false;
      if (inline_cache->is_optimized()) {
        if (TraceCallFixup) {
          ResourceMark rm(thread);
          tty->print("OPTIMIZED IC miss (%s) call to", Bytecodes::name(bc));
          callee_method->print_short_name(tty);
          tty->print_cr(" code: " INTPTR_FORMAT, callee_method->code());
        }
        should_be_mono = true;
      } else if (inline_cache->is_icholder_call()) {
        CompiledICHolder* ic_oop = inline_cache->cached_icholder();
        if ( ic_oop != NULL) {

          if (receiver()->klass() == ic_oop->holder_klass()) {
            // This isn't a real miss. We must have seen that compiled code
            // is now available and we want the call site converted to a
            // monomorphic compiled call site.
            // We can't assert for callee_method->code() != NULL because it
            // could have been deoptimized in the meantime
            if (TraceCallFixup) {
              ResourceMark rm(thread);
              tty->print("FALSE IC miss (%s) converting to compiled call to", Bytecodes::name(bc));
              callee_method->print_short_name(tty);
              tty->print_cr(" code: " INTPTR_FORMAT, callee_method->code());
            }
            should_be_mono = true;
          }
        }
      }

      if (should_be_mono) {

        // We have a path that was monomorphic but was going interpreted
        // and now we have (or had) a compiled entry. We correct the IC
        // by using a new icBuffer.
        CompiledICInfo info;
        KlassHandle receiver_klass(THREAD, receiver()->klass());
        inline_cache->compute_monomorphic_entry(callee_method,
                                                receiver_klass,
                                                inline_cache->is_optimized(),
                                                false,
                                                info, CHECK_(methodHandle()));
        inline_cache->set_to_monomorphic(info);
      } else if (!inline_cache->is_megamorphic() && !inline_cache->is_clean()) {
        // Potential change to megamorphic
        bool successful = inline_cache->set_to_megamorphic(&call_info, bc, CHECK_(methodHandle()));
        if (!successful) {
          inline_cache->set_to_clean();
        }
      } else {
        // Either clean or megamorphic
      }
    }
  } // Release CompiledIC_lock

  return callee_method;
}

//
// Resets a call-site in compiled code so it will get resolved again.
// This routines handles both virtual call sites, optimized virtual call
// sites, and static call sites. Typically used to change a call sites
// destination from compiled to interpreted.
//
methodHandle SharedRuntime::reresolve_call_site(JavaThread *thread, TRAPS) {
  ResourceMark rm(thread);
  RegisterMap reg_map(thread, false);
  frame stub_frame = thread->last_frame();
  assert(stub_frame.is_runtime_frame(), "must be a runtimeStub");
  frame caller = stub_frame.sender(&reg_map);

  // Do nothing if the frame isn't a live compiled frame.
  // nmethod could be deoptimized by the time we get here
  // so no update to the caller is needed.

  if (caller.is_compiled_frame() && !caller.is_deoptimized_frame()) {

    address pc = caller.pc();

    // Default call_addr is the location of the "basic" call.
    // Determine the address of the call we a reresolving. With
    // Inline Caches we will always find a recognizable call.
    // With Inline Caches disabled we may or may not find a
    // recognizable call. We will always find a call for static
    // calls and for optimized virtual calls. For vanilla virtual
    // calls it depends on the state of the UseInlineCaches switch.
    //
    // With Inline Caches disabled we can get here for a virtual call
    // for two reasons:
    //   1 - calling an abstract method. The vtable for abstract methods
    //       will run us thru handle_wrong_method and we will eventually
    //       end up in the interpreter to throw the ame.
    //   2 - a racing deoptimization. We could be doing a vanilla vtable
    //       call and between the time we fetch the entry address and
    //       we jump to it the target gets deoptimized. Similar to 1
    //       we will wind up in the interprter (thru a c2i with c2).
    //
    address call_addr = NULL;
    {
      // Get call instruction under lock because another thread may be
      // busy patching it.
      MutexLockerEx ml_patch(Patching_lock, Mutex::_no_safepoint_check_flag);
      // Location of call instruction
      if (NativeCall::is_call_before(pc)) {
        NativeCall *ncall = nativeCall_before(pc);
        call_addr = ncall->instruction_address();
      }
    }

    // Check for static or virtual call
    bool is_static_call = false;
    nmethod* caller_nm = CodeCache::find_nmethod(pc);
    // Make sure nmethod doesn't get deoptimized and removed until
    // this is done with it.
    // CLEANUP - with lazy deopt shouldn't need this lock
    nmethodLocker nmlock(caller_nm);

    if (call_addr != NULL) {
      RelocIterator iter(caller_nm, call_addr, call_addr+1);
      int ret = iter.next(); // Get item
      if (ret) {
        assert(iter.addr() == call_addr, "must find call");
        if (iter.type() == relocInfo::static_call_type) {
          is_static_call = true;
        } else {
          assert(iter.type() == relocInfo::virtual_call_type ||
                 iter.type() == relocInfo::opt_virtual_call_type
                , "unexpected relocInfo. type");
        }
      } else {
        assert(!UseInlineCaches, "relocation info. must exist for this address");
      }

      // Cleaning the inline cache will force a new resolve. This is more robust
      // than directly setting it to the new destination, since resolving of calls
      // is always done through the same code path. (experience shows that it
      // leads to very hard to track down bugs, if an inline cache gets updated
      // to a wrong method). It should not be performance critical, since the
      // resolve is only done once.

      MutexLocker ml(CompiledIC_lock);
      //
      // We do not patch the call site if the nmethod has been made non-entrant
      // as it is a waste of time
      //
      if (caller_nm->is_in_use()) {
        if (is_static_call) {
          CompiledStaticCall* ssc= compiledStaticCall_at(call_addr);
          ssc->set_to_clean();
        } else {
          // compiled, dispatched call (which used to call an interpreted method)
          CompiledIC* inline_cache = CompiledIC_at(caller_nm, call_addr);
          inline_cache->set_to_clean();
        }
      }
    }

  }

  methodHandle callee_method = find_callee_method(thread, CHECK_(methodHandle()));


#ifndef PRODUCT
  Atomic::inc(&_wrong_method_ctr);

  if (TraceCallFixup) {
    ResourceMark rm(thread);
    tty->print("handle_wrong_method reresolving call to");
    callee_method->print_short_name(tty);
    tty->print_cr(" code: " INTPTR_FORMAT, callee_method->code());
  }
#endif

  return callee_method;
}

#ifdef ASSERT
void SharedRuntime::check_member_name_argument_is_last_argument(methodHandle method,
                                                                const BasicType* sig_bt,
                                                                const VMRegPair* regs) {
  ResourceMark rm;
  const int total_args_passed = method->size_of_parameters();
  const VMRegPair*    regs_with_member_name = regs;
        VMRegPair* regs_without_member_name = NEW_RESOURCE_ARRAY(VMRegPair, total_args_passed - 1);

  const int member_arg_pos = total_args_passed - 1;
  assert(member_arg_pos >= 0 && member_arg_pos < total_args_passed, "oob");
  assert(sig_bt[member_arg_pos] == T_OBJECT, "dispatch argument must be an object");

  const bool is_outgoing = method->is_method_handle_intrinsic();
  int comp_args_on_stack = java_calling_convention(sig_bt, regs_without_member_name, total_args_passed - 1, is_outgoing);

  for (int i = 0; i < member_arg_pos; i++) {
    VMReg a =    regs_with_member_name[i].first();
    VMReg b = regs_without_member_name[i].first();
    assert(a->value() == b->value(), err_msg_res("register allocation mismatch: a=%d, b=%d", a->value(), b->value()));
  }
  assert(regs_with_member_name[member_arg_pos].first()->is_valid(), "bad member arg");
}
#endif

// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
// We are calling the interpreter via a c2i. Normally this would mean that
// we were called by a compiled method. However we could have lost a race
// where we went int -> i2c -> c2i and so the caller could in fact be
// interpreted. If the caller is compiled we attempt to patch the caller
// so he no longer calls into the interpreter.
IRT_LEAF(void, SharedRuntime::fixup_callers_callsite(Method* method, address caller_pc))
  Method* moop(method);

  address entry_point = moop->from_compiled_entry();

  // It's possible that deoptimization can occur at a call site which hasn't
  // been resolved yet, in which case this function will be called from
  // an nmethod that has been patched for deopt and we can ignore the
  // request for a fixup.
  // Also it is possible that we lost a race in that from_compiled_entry
  // is now back to the i2c in that case we don't need to patch and if
  // we did we'd leap into space because the callsite needs to use
  // "to interpreter" stub in order to load up the Method*. Don't
  // ask me how I know this...

  CodeBlob* cb = CodeCache::find_blob(caller_pc);
  if (!cb->is_nmethod() || entry_point == moop->get_c2i_entry()) {
    return;
  }

  // The check above makes sure this is a nmethod.
  nmethod* nm = cb->as_nmethod_or_null();
  assert(nm, "must be");

  // Get the return PC for the passed caller PC.
  address return_pc = caller_pc + frame::pc_return_offset;

  // There is a benign race here. We could be attempting to patch to a compiled
  // entry point at the same time the callee is being deoptimized. If that is
  // the case then entry_point may in fact point to a c2i and we'd patch the
  // call site with the same old data. clear_code will set code() to NULL
  // at the end of it. If we happen to see that NULL then we can skip trying
  // to patch. If we hit the window where the callee has a c2i in the
  // from_compiled_entry and the NULL isn't present yet then we lose the race
  // and patch the code with the same old data. Asi es la vida.

  if (moop->code() == NULL) return;

  if (nm->is_in_use()) {

    // Expect to find a native call there (unless it was no-inline cache vtable dispatch)
    MutexLockerEx ml_patch(Patching_lock, Mutex::_no_safepoint_check_flag);
    if (NativeCall::is_call_before(return_pc)) {
      NativeCall *call = nativeCall_before(return_pc);
      //
      // bug 6281185. We might get here after resolving a call site to a vanilla
      // virtual call. Because the resolvee uses the verified entry it may then
      // see compiled code and attempt to patch the site by calling us. This would
      // then incorrectly convert the call site to optimized and its downhill from
      // there. If you're lucky you'll get the assert in the bugid, if not you've
      // just made a call site that could be megamorphic into a monomorphic site
      // for the rest of its life! Just another racing bug in the life of
      // fixup_callers_callsite ...
      //
      RelocIterator iter(nm, call->instruction_address(), call->next_instruction_address());
      iter.next();
      assert(iter.has_current(), "must have a reloc at java call site");
      relocInfo::relocType typ = iter.reloc()->type();
      if ( typ != relocInfo::static_call_type &&
           typ != relocInfo::opt_virtual_call_type &&
           typ != relocInfo::static_stub_type) {
        return;
      }
      address destination = call->destination();
      if (destination != entry_point) {
        CodeBlob* callee = CodeCache::find_blob(destination);
        // callee == cb seems weird. It means calling interpreter thru stub.
        if (callee == cb || callee->is_adapter_blob()) {
          // static call or optimized virtual
          if (TraceCallFixup) {
            tty->print("fixup callsite           at " INTPTR_FORMAT " to compiled code for", caller_pc);
            moop->print_short_name(tty);
            tty->print_cr(" to " INTPTR_FORMAT, entry_point);
          }
          call->set_destination_mt_safe(entry_point);
        } else {
          if (TraceCallFixup) {
            tty->print("failed to fixup callsite at " INTPTR_FORMAT " to compiled code for", caller_pc);
            moop->print_short_name(tty);
            tty->print_cr(" to " INTPTR_FORMAT, entry_point);
          }
          // assert is too strong could also be resolve destinations.
          // assert(InlineCacheBuffer::contains(destination) || VtableStubs::contains(destination), "must be");
        }
      } else {
          if (TraceCallFixup) {
            tty->print("already patched callsite at " INTPTR_FORMAT " to compiled code for", caller_pc);
            moop->print_short_name(tty);
            tty->print_cr(" to " INTPTR_FORMAT, entry_point);
          }
      }
    }
  }
IRT_END


// same as JVM_Arraycopy, but called directly from compiled code
JRT_ENTRY(void, SharedRuntime::slow_arraycopy_C(oopDesc* src,  jint src_pos,
                                                oopDesc* dest, jint dest_pos,
                                                jint length,
                                                JavaThread* thread)) {
#ifndef PRODUCT
  _slow_array_copy_ctr++;
#endif
  // Check if we have null pointers
  if (src == NULL || dest == NULL) {
    THROW(vmSymbols::java_lang_NullPointerException());
  }
  // Do the copy.  The casts to arrayOop are necessary to the copy_array API,
  // even though the copy_array API also performs dynamic checks to ensure
  // that src and dest are truly arrays (and are conformable).
  // The copy_array mechanism is awkward and could be removed, but
  // the compilers don't call this function except as a last resort,
  // so it probably doesn't matter.
  src->klass()->copy_array((arrayOopDesc*)src,  src_pos,
                                        (arrayOopDesc*)dest, dest_pos,
                                        length, thread);
}
JRT_END

char* SharedRuntime::generate_class_cast_message(
    JavaThread* thread, const char* objName) {

  // Get target class name from the checkcast instruction
  vframeStream vfst(thread, true);
  assert(!vfst.at_end(), "Java frame must exist");
  Bytecode_checkcast cc(vfst.method(), vfst.method()->bcp_from(vfst.bci()));
  Klass* targetKlass = vfst.method()->constants()->klass_at(
    cc.index(), thread);
  return generate_class_cast_message(objName, targetKlass->external_name());
}

char* SharedRuntime::generate_class_cast_message(
    const char* objName, const char* targetKlassName, const char* desc) {
  size_t msglen = strlen(objName) + strlen(desc) + strlen(targetKlassName) + 1;

  char* message = NEW_RESOURCE_ARRAY(char, msglen);
  if (NULL == message) {
    // Shouldn't happen, but don't cause even more problems if it does
    message = const_cast<char*>(objName);
  } else {
    jio_snprintf(message, msglen, "%s%s%s", objName, desc, targetKlassName);
  }
  return message;
}

JRT_LEAF(void, SharedRuntime::reguard_yellow_pages())
  (void) JavaThread::current()->reguard_stack();
JRT_END


// Handles the uncommon case in locking, i.e., contention or an inflated lock.
#ifndef PRODUCT
int SharedRuntime::_monitor_enter_ctr=0;
#endif
JRT_ENTRY_NO_ASYNC(void, SharedRuntime::complete_monitor_locking_C(oopDesc* _obj, BasicLock* lock, JavaThread* thread))
  oop obj(_obj);
#ifndef PRODUCT
  _monitor_enter_ctr++;             // monitor enter slow
#endif
  if (PrintBiasedLockingStatistics) {
    Atomic::inc(BiasedLocking::slow_path_entry_count_addr());
  }
  Handle h_obj(THREAD, obj);
  if (UseBiasedLocking) {
    // Retry fast entry if bias is revoked to avoid unnecessary inflation
    ObjectSynchronizer::fast_enter(h_obj, lock, true, CHECK);
  } else {
    ObjectSynchronizer::slow_enter(h_obj, lock, CHECK);
  }
  assert(!HAS_PENDING_EXCEPTION, "Should have no exception here");
JRT_END

#ifndef PRODUCT
int SharedRuntime::_monitor_exit_ctr=0;
#endif
// Handles the uncommon cases of monitor unlocking in compiled code
JRT_LEAF(void, SharedRuntime::complete_monitor_unlocking_C(oopDesc* _obj, BasicLock* lock))
   oop obj(_obj);
#ifndef PRODUCT
  _monitor_exit_ctr++;              // monitor exit slow
#endif
  Thread* THREAD = JavaThread::current();
  // I'm not convinced we need the code contained by MIGHT_HAVE_PENDING anymore
  // testing was unable to ever fire the assert that guarded it so I have removed it.
  assert(!HAS_PENDING_EXCEPTION, "Do we need code below anymore?");
#undef MIGHT_HAVE_PENDING
#ifdef MIGHT_HAVE_PENDING
  // Save and restore any pending_exception around the exception mark.
  // While the slow_exit must not throw an exception, we could come into
  // this routine with one set.
  oop pending_excep = NULL;
  const char* pending_file;
  int pending_line;
  if (HAS_PENDING_EXCEPTION) {
    pending_excep = PENDING_EXCEPTION;
    pending_file  = THREAD->exception_file();
    pending_line  = THREAD->exception_line();
    CLEAR_PENDING_EXCEPTION;
  }
#endif /* MIGHT_HAVE_PENDING */

  {
    // Exit must be non-blocking, and therefore no exceptions can be thrown.
    EXCEPTION_MARK;
    ObjectSynchronizer::slow_exit(obj, lock, THREAD);
  }

#ifdef MIGHT_HAVE_PENDING
  if (pending_excep != NULL) {
    THREAD->set_pending_exception(pending_excep, pending_file, pending_line);
  }
#endif /* MIGHT_HAVE_PENDING */
JRT_END

#ifndef PRODUCT

void SharedRuntime::print_statistics() {
  ttyLocker ttyl;
  if (xtty != NULL)  xtty->head("statistics type='SharedRuntime'");

  if (_monitor_enter_ctr ) tty->print_cr("%5d monitor enter slow",  _monitor_enter_ctr);
  if (_monitor_exit_ctr  ) tty->print_cr("%5d monitor exit slow",   _monitor_exit_ctr);
  if (_throw_null_ctr) tty->print_cr("%5d implicit null throw", _throw_null_ctr);

  SharedRuntime::print_ic_miss_histogram();

  if (CountRemovableExceptions) {
    if (_nof_removable_exceptions > 0) {
      Unimplemented(); // this counter is not yet incremented
      tty->print_cr("Removable exceptions: %d", _nof_removable_exceptions);
    }
  }

  // Dump the JRT_ENTRY counters
  if( _new_instance_ctr ) tty->print_cr("%5d new instance requires GC", _new_instance_ctr);
  if( _new_array_ctr ) tty->print_cr("%5d new array requires GC", _new_array_ctr);
  if( _multi1_ctr ) tty->print_cr("%5d multianewarray 1 dim", _multi1_ctr);
  if( _multi2_ctr ) tty->print_cr("%5d multianewarray 2 dim", _multi2_ctr);
  if( _multi3_ctr ) tty->print_cr("%5d multianewarray 3 dim", _multi3_ctr);
  if( _multi4_ctr ) tty->print_cr("%5d multianewarray 4 dim", _multi4_ctr);
  if( _multi5_ctr ) tty->print_cr("%5d multianewarray 5 dim", _multi5_ctr);

  tty->print_cr("%5d inline cache miss in compiled", _ic_miss_ctr );
  tty->print_cr("%5d wrong method", _wrong_method_ctr );
  tty->print_cr("%5d unresolved static call site", _resolve_static_ctr );
  tty->print_cr("%5d unresolved virtual call site", _resolve_virtual_ctr );
  tty->print_cr("%5d unresolved opt virtual call site", _resolve_opt_virtual_ctr );

  if( _mon_enter_stub_ctr ) tty->print_cr("%5d monitor enter stub", _mon_enter_stub_ctr );
  if( _mon_exit_stub_ctr ) tty->print_cr("%5d monitor exit stub", _mon_exit_stub_ctr );
  if( _mon_enter_ctr ) tty->print_cr("%5d monitor enter slow", _mon_enter_ctr );
  if( _mon_exit_ctr ) tty->print_cr("%5d monitor exit slow", _mon_exit_ctr );
  if( _partial_subtype_ctr) tty->print_cr("%5d slow partial subtype", _partial_subtype_ctr );
  if( _jbyte_array_copy_ctr ) tty->print_cr("%5d byte array copies", _jbyte_array_copy_ctr );
  if( _jshort_array_copy_ctr ) tty->print_cr("%5d short array copies", _jshort_array_copy_ctr );
  if( _jint_array_copy_ctr ) tty->print_cr("%5d int array copies", _jint_array_copy_ctr );
  if( _jlong_array_copy_ctr ) tty->print_cr("%5d long array copies", _jlong_array_copy_ctr );
  if( _oop_array_copy_ctr ) tty->print_cr("%5d oop array copies", _oop_array_copy_ctr );
  if( _checkcast_array_copy_ctr ) tty->print_cr("%5d checkcast array copies", _checkcast_array_copy_ctr );
  if( _unsafe_array_copy_ctr ) tty->print_cr("%5d unsafe array copies", _unsafe_array_copy_ctr );
  if( _generic_array_copy_ctr ) tty->print_cr("%5d generic array copies", _generic_array_copy_ctr );
  if( _slow_array_copy_ctr ) tty->print_cr("%5d slow array copies", _slow_array_copy_ctr );
  if( _find_handler_ctr ) tty->print_cr("%5d find exception handler", _find_handler_ctr );
  if( _rethrow_ctr ) tty->print_cr("%5d rethrow handler", _rethrow_ctr );

  AdapterHandlerLibrary::print_statistics();

  if (xtty != NULL)  xtty->tail("statistics");
}

inline double percent(int x, int y) {
  return 100.0 * x / MAX2(y, 1);
}

class MethodArityHistogram {
 public:
  enum { MAX_ARITY = 256 };
 private:
  static int _arity_histogram[MAX_ARITY];     // histogram of #args
  static int _size_histogram[MAX_ARITY];      // histogram of arg size in words
  static int _max_arity;                      // max. arity seen
  static int _max_size;                       // max. arg size seen

  static void add_method_to_histogram(nmethod* nm) {
    Method* m = nm->method();
    ArgumentCount args(m->signature());
    int arity   = args.size() + (m->is_static() ? 0 : 1);
    int argsize = m->size_of_parameters();
    arity   = MIN2(arity, MAX_ARITY-1);
    argsize = MIN2(argsize, MAX_ARITY-1);
    int count = nm->method()->compiled_invocation_count();
    _arity_histogram[arity]  += count;
    _size_histogram[argsize] += count;
    _max_arity = MAX2(_max_arity, arity);
    _max_size  = MAX2(_max_size, argsize);
  }

  void print_histogram_helper(int n, int* histo, const char* name) {
    const int N = MIN2(5, n);
    tty->print_cr("\nHistogram of call arity (incl. rcvr, calls to compiled methods only):");
    double sum = 0;
    double weighted_sum = 0;
    int i;
    for (i = 0; i <= n; i++) { sum += histo[i]; weighted_sum += i*histo[i]; }
    double rest = sum;
    double percent = sum / 100;
    for (i = 0; i <= N; i++) {
      rest -= histo[i];
      tty->print_cr("%4d: %7d (%5.1f%%)", i, histo[i], histo[i] / percent);
    }
    tty->print_cr("rest: %7d (%5.1f%%))", (int)rest, rest / percent);
    tty->print_cr("(avg. %s = %3.1f, max = %d)", name, weighted_sum / sum, n);
  }

  void print_histogram() {
    tty->print_cr("\nHistogram of call arity (incl. rcvr, calls to compiled methods only):");
    print_histogram_helper(_max_arity, _arity_histogram, "arity");
    tty->print_cr("\nSame for parameter size (in words):");
    print_histogram_helper(_max_size, _size_histogram, "size");
    tty->cr();
  }

 public:
  MethodArityHistogram() {
    MutexLockerEx mu(CodeCache_lock, Mutex::_no_safepoint_check_flag);
    _max_arity = _max_size = 0;
    for (int i = 0; i < MAX_ARITY; i++) _arity_histogram[i] = _size_histogram [i] = 0;
    CodeCache::nmethods_do(add_method_to_histogram);
    print_histogram();
  }
};

int MethodArityHistogram::_arity_histogram[MethodArityHistogram::MAX_ARITY];
int MethodArityHistogram::_size_histogram[MethodArityHistogram::MAX_ARITY];
int MethodArityHistogram::_max_arity;
int MethodArityHistogram::_max_size;

void SharedRuntime::print_call_statistics(int comp_total) {
  tty->print_cr("Calls from compiled code:");
  int total  = _nof_normal_calls + _nof_interface_calls + _nof_static_calls;
  int mono_c = _nof_normal_calls - _nof_optimized_calls - _nof_megamorphic_calls;
  int mono_i = _nof_interface_calls - _nof_optimized_interface_calls - _nof_megamorphic_interface_calls;
  tty->print_cr("\t%9d   (%4.1f%%) total non-inlined   ", total, percent(total, total));
  tty->print_cr("\t%9d   (%4.1f%%) virtual calls       ", _nof_normal_calls, percent(_nof_normal_calls, total));
  tty->print_cr("\t  %9d  (%3.0f%%)   inlined          ", _nof_inlined_calls, percent(_nof_inlined_calls, _nof_normal_calls));
  tty->print_cr("\t  %9d  (%3.0f%%)   optimized        ", _nof_optimized_calls, percent(_nof_optimized_calls, _nof_normal_calls));
  tty->print_cr("\t  %9d  (%3.0f%%)   monomorphic      ", mono_c, percent(mono_c, _nof_normal_calls));
  tty->print_cr("\t  %9d  (%3.0f%%)   megamorphic      ", _nof_megamorphic_calls, percent(_nof_megamorphic_calls, _nof_normal_calls));
  tty->print_cr("\t%9d   (%4.1f%%) interface calls     ", _nof_interface_calls, percent(_nof_interface_calls, total));
  tty->print_cr("\t  %9d  (%3.0f%%)   inlined          ", _nof_inlined_interface_calls, percent(_nof_inlined_interface_calls, _nof_interface_calls));
  tty->print_cr("\t  %9d  (%3.0f%%)   optimized        ", _nof_optimized_interface_calls, percent(_nof_optimized_interface_calls, _nof_interface_calls));
  tty->print_cr("\t  %9d  (%3.0f%%)   monomorphic      ", mono_i, percent(mono_i, _nof_interface_calls));
  tty->print_cr("\t  %9d  (%3.0f%%)   megamorphic      ", _nof_megamorphic_interface_calls, percent(_nof_megamorphic_interface_calls, _nof_interface_calls));
  tty->print_cr("\t%9d   (%4.1f%%) static/special calls", _nof_static_calls, percent(_nof_static_calls, total));
  tty->print_cr("\t  %9d  (%3.0f%%)   inlined          ", _nof_inlined_static_calls, percent(_nof_inlined_static_calls, _nof_static_calls));
  tty->cr();
  tty->print_cr("Note 1: counter updates are not MT-safe.");
  tty->print_cr("Note 2: %% in major categories are relative to total non-inlined calls;");
  tty->print_cr("        %% in nested categories are relative to their category");
  tty->print_cr("        (and thus add up to more than 100%% with inlining)");
  tty->cr();

  MethodArityHistogram h;
}
#endif


// A simple wrapper class around the calling convention information
// that allows sharing of adapters for the same calling convention.
class AdapterFingerPrint : public CHeapObj<mtCode> {
 private:
  enum {
    _basic_type_bits = 4,
    _basic_type_mask = right_n_bits(_basic_type_bits),
    _basic_types_per_int = BitsPerInt / _basic_type_bits,
    _compact_int_count = 3
  };
  // TO DO:  Consider integrating this with a more global scheme for compressing signatures.
  // For now, 4 bits per components (plus T_VOID gaps after double/long) is not excessive.

  union {
    int  _compact[_compact_int_count];
    int* _fingerprint;
  } _value;
  int _length; // A negative length indicates the fingerprint is in the compact form,
               // Otherwise _value._fingerprint is the array.

  // Remap BasicTypes that are handled equivalently by the adapters.
  // These are correct for the current system but someday it might be
  // necessary to make this mapping platform dependent.
  static int adapter_encoding(BasicType in) {
    switch(in) {
      case T_BOOLEAN:
      case T_BYTE:
      case T_SHORT:
      case T_CHAR:
        // There are all promoted to T_INT in the calling convention
        return T_INT;

      case T_OBJECT:
      case T_ARRAY:
        // In other words, we assume that any register good enough for
        // an int or long is good enough for a managed pointer.
#ifdef _LP64
        return T_LONG;
#else
        return T_INT;
#endif

      case T_INT:
      case T_LONG:
      case T_FLOAT:
      case T_DOUBLE:
      case T_VOID:
        return in;

      default:
        ShouldNotReachHere();
        return T_CONFLICT;
    }
  }

 public:
  AdapterFingerPrint(int total_args_passed, BasicType* sig_bt) {
    // The fingerprint is based on the BasicType signature encoded
    // into an array of ints with eight entries per int.
    int* ptr;
    int len = (total_args_passed + (_basic_types_per_int-1)) / _basic_types_per_int;
    if (len <= _compact_int_count) {
      assert(_compact_int_count == 3, "else change next line");
      _value._compact[0] = _value._compact[1] = _value._compact[2] = 0;
      // Storing the signature encoded as signed chars hits about 98%
      // of the time.
      _length = -len;
      ptr = _value._compact;
    } else {
      _length = len;
      _value._fingerprint = NEW_C_HEAP_ARRAY(int, _length, mtCode);
      ptr = _value._fingerprint;
    }

    // Now pack the BasicTypes with 8 per int
    int sig_index = 0;
    for (int index = 0; index < len; index++) {
      int value = 0;
      for (int byte = 0; byte < _basic_types_per_int; byte++) {
        int bt = ((sig_index < total_args_passed)
                  ? adapter_encoding(sig_bt[sig_index++])
                  : 0);
        assert((bt & _basic_type_mask) == bt, "must fit in 4 bits");
        value = (value << _basic_type_bits) | bt;
      }
      ptr[index] = value;
    }
  }

  ~AdapterFingerPrint() {
    if (_length > 0) {
      FREE_C_HEAP_ARRAY(int, _value._fingerprint, mtCode);
    }
  }

  int value(int index) {
    if (_length < 0) {
      return _value._compact[index];
    }
    return _value._fingerprint[index];
  }
  int length() {
    if (_length < 0) return -_length;
    return _length;
  }

  bool is_compact() {
    return _length <= 0;
  }

  unsigned int compute_hash() {
    int hash = 0;
    for (int i = 0; i < length(); i++) {
      int v = value(i);
      hash = (hash << 8) ^ v ^ (hash >> 5);
    }
    return (unsigned int)hash;
  }

  const char* as_string() {
    stringStream st;
    st.print("0x");
    for (int i = 0; i < length(); i++) {
      st.print("%08x", value(i));
    }
    return st.as_string();
  }

  bool equals(AdapterFingerPrint* other) {
    if (other->_length != _length) {
      return false;
    }
    if (_length < 0) {
      assert(_compact_int_count == 3, "else change next line");
      return _value._compact[0] == other->_value._compact[0] &&
             _value._compact[1] == other->_value._compact[1] &&
             _value._compact[2] == other->_value._compact[2];
    } else {
      for (int i = 0; i < _length; i++) {
        if (_value._fingerprint[i] != other->_value._fingerprint[i]) {
          return false;
        }
      }
    }
    return true;
  }
};


// A hashtable mapping from AdapterFingerPrints to AdapterHandlerEntries
class AdapterHandlerTable : public BasicHashtable<mtCode> {
  friend class AdapterHandlerTableIterator;

 private:

#ifndef PRODUCT
  static int _lookups; // number of calls to lookup
  static int _buckets; // number of buckets checked
  static int _equals;  // number of buckets checked with matching hash
  static int _hits;    // number of successful lookups
  static int _compact; // number of equals calls with compact signature
#endif

  AdapterHandlerEntry* bucket(int i) {
    return (AdapterHandlerEntry*)BasicHashtable<mtCode>::bucket(i);
  }

 public:
  AdapterHandlerTable()
    : BasicHashtable<mtCode>(293, sizeof(AdapterHandlerEntry)) { }

  // Create a new entry suitable for insertion in the table
  AdapterHandlerEntry* new_entry(AdapterFingerPrint* fingerprint, address i2c_entry, address c2i_entry, address c2i_unverified_entry) {
    AdapterHandlerEntry* entry = (AdapterHandlerEntry*)BasicHashtable<mtCode>::new_entry(fingerprint->compute_hash());
    entry->init(fingerprint, i2c_entry, c2i_entry, c2i_unverified_entry);
    return entry;
  }

  // Insert an entry into the table
  void add(AdapterHandlerEntry* entry) {
    int index = hash_to_index(entry->hash());
    add_entry(index, entry);
  }

  void free_entry(AdapterHandlerEntry* entry) {
    entry->deallocate();
    BasicHashtable<mtCode>::free_entry(entry);
  }

  // Find a entry with the same fingerprint if it exists
  AdapterHandlerEntry* lookup(int total_args_passed, BasicType* sig_bt) {
    NOT_PRODUCT(_lookups++);
    AdapterFingerPrint fp(total_args_passed, sig_bt);
    unsigned int hash = fp.compute_hash();
    int index = hash_to_index(hash);
    for (AdapterHandlerEntry* e = bucket(index); e != NULL; e = e->next()) {
      NOT_PRODUCT(_buckets++);
      if (e->hash() == hash) {
        NOT_PRODUCT(_equals++);
        if (fp.equals(e->fingerprint())) {
#ifndef PRODUCT
          if (fp.is_compact()) _compact++;
          _hits++;
#endif
          return e;
        }
      }
    }
    return NULL;
  }

#ifndef PRODUCT
  void print_statistics() {
    ResourceMark rm;
    int longest = 0;
    int empty = 0;
    int total = 0;
    int nonempty = 0;
    for (int index = 0; index < table_size(); index++) {
      int count = 0;
      for (AdapterHandlerEntry* e = bucket(index); e != NULL; e = e->next()) {
        count++;
      }
      if (count != 0) nonempty++;
      if (count == 0) empty++;
      if (count > longest) longest = count;
      total += count;
    }
    tty->print_cr("AdapterHandlerTable: empty %d longest %d total %d average %f",
                  empty, longest, total, total / (double)nonempty);
    tty->print_cr("AdapterHandlerTable: lookups %d buckets %d equals %d hits %d compact %d",
                  _lookups, _buckets, _equals, _hits, _compact);
  }
#endif
};


#ifndef PRODUCT

int AdapterHandlerTable::_lookups;
int AdapterHandlerTable::_buckets;
int AdapterHandlerTable::_equals;
int AdapterHandlerTable::_hits;
int AdapterHandlerTable::_compact;

#endif

class AdapterHandlerTableIterator : public StackObj {
 private:
  AdapterHandlerTable* _table;
  int _index;
  AdapterHandlerEntry* _current;

  void scan() {
    while (_index < _table->table_size()) {
      AdapterHandlerEntry* a = _table->bucket(_index);
      _index++;
      if (a != NULL) {
        _current = a;
        return;
      }
    }
  }

 public:
  AdapterHandlerTableIterator(AdapterHandlerTable* table): _table(table), _index(0), _current(NULL) {
    scan();
  }
  bool has_next() {
    return _current != NULL;
  }
  AdapterHandlerEntry* next() {
    if (_current != NULL) {
      AdapterHandlerEntry* result = _current;
      _current = _current->next();
      if (_current == NULL) scan();
      return result;
    } else {
      return NULL;
    }
  }
};


// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Implementation of AdapterHandlerLibrary
AdapterHandlerTable* AdapterHandlerLibrary::_adapters = NULL;
AdapterHandlerEntry* AdapterHandlerLibrary::_abstract_method_handler = NULL;
const int AdapterHandlerLibrary_size = 16*K;
BufferBlob* AdapterHandlerLibrary::_buffer = NULL;

BufferBlob* AdapterHandlerLibrary::buffer_blob() {
  // Should be called only when AdapterHandlerLibrary_lock is active.
  if (_buffer == NULL) // Initialize lazily
      _buffer = BufferBlob::create("adapters", AdapterHandlerLibrary_size);
  return _buffer;
}

void AdapterHandlerLibrary::initialize() {
  if (_adapters != NULL) return;
  _adapters = new AdapterHandlerTable();

  // Create a special handler for abstract methods.  Abstract methods
  // are never compiled so an i2c entry is somewhat meaningless, but
  // throw AbstractMethodError just in case.
  // Pass wrong_method_abstract for the c2i transitions to return
  // AbstractMethodError for invalid invocations.
  address wrong_method_abstract = SharedRuntime::get_handle_wrong_method_abstract_stub();
  _abstract_method_handler = AdapterHandlerLibrary::new_entry(new AdapterFingerPrint(0, NULL),
                                                              StubRoutines::throw_AbstractMethodError_entry(),
                                                              wrong_method_abstract, wrong_method_abstract);
}

AdapterHandlerEntry* AdapterHandlerLibrary::new_entry(AdapterFingerPrint* fingerprint,
                                                      address i2c_entry,
                                                      address c2i_entry,
                                                      address c2i_unverified_entry) {
  return _adapters->new_entry(fingerprint, i2c_entry, c2i_entry, c2i_unverified_entry);
}

AdapterHandlerEntry* AdapterHandlerLibrary::get_adapter(methodHandle method) {
  // Use customized signature handler.  Need to lock around updates to
  // the AdapterHandlerTable (it is not safe for concurrent readers
  // and a single writer: this could be fixed if it becomes a
  // problem).

  // Get the address of the ic_miss handlers before we grab the
  // AdapterHandlerLibrary_lock. This fixes bug 6236259 which
  // was caused by the initialization of the stubs happening
  // while we held the lock and then notifying jvmti while
  // holding it. This just forces the initialization to be a little
  // earlier.
  address ic_miss = SharedRuntime::get_ic_miss_stub();
  assert(ic_miss != NULL, "must have handler");

  ResourceMark rm;

  NOT_PRODUCT(int insts_size);
  AdapterBlob* new_adapter = NULL;
  AdapterHandlerEntry* entry = NULL;
  AdapterFingerPrint* fingerprint = NULL;
  {
    MutexLocker mu(AdapterHandlerLibrary_lock);
    // make sure data structure is initialized
    initialize();

    if (method->is_abstract()) {
      return _abstract_method_handler;
    }

    // Fill in the signature array, for the calling-convention call.
    int total_args_passed = method->size_of_parameters(); // All args on stack

    BasicType* sig_bt = NEW_RESOURCE_ARRAY(BasicType, total_args_passed);
    VMRegPair* regs   = NEW_RESOURCE_ARRAY(VMRegPair, total_args_passed);
    int i = 0;
    if (!method->is_static())  // Pass in receiver first
      sig_bt[i++] = T_OBJECT;
    for (SignatureStream ss(method->signature()); !ss.at_return_type(); ss.next()) {
      sig_bt[i++] = ss.type();  // Collect remaining bits of signature
      if (ss.type() == T_LONG || ss.type() == T_DOUBLE)
        sig_bt[i++] = T_VOID;   // Longs & doubles take 2 Java slots
    }
    assert(i == total_args_passed, "");

    // Lookup method signature's fingerprint
    entry = _adapters->lookup(total_args_passed, sig_bt);

#ifdef ASSERT
    AdapterHandlerEntry* shared_entry = NULL;
    // Start adapter sharing verification only after the VM is booted.
    if (VerifyAdapterSharing && (entry != NULL)) {
      shared_entry = entry;
      entry = NULL;
    }
#endif

    if (entry != NULL) {
      return entry;
    }

    // Get a description of the compiled java calling convention and the largest used (VMReg) stack slot usage
    int comp_args_on_stack = SharedRuntime::java_calling_convention(sig_bt, regs, total_args_passed, false);

    // Make a C heap allocated version of the fingerprint to store in the adapter
    fingerprint = new AdapterFingerPrint(total_args_passed, sig_bt);

    // StubRoutines::code2() is initialized after this function can be called. As a result,
    // VerifyAdapterCalls and VerifyAdapterSharing can fail if we re-use code that generated
    // prior to StubRoutines::code2() being set. Checks refer to checks generated in an I2C
    // stub that ensure that an I2C stub is called from an interpreter frame.
    bool contains_all_checks = StubRoutines::code2() != NULL;

    // Create I2C & C2I handlers
    BufferBlob* buf = buffer_blob(); // the temporary code buffer in CodeCache
    if (buf != NULL) {
      CodeBuffer buffer(buf);
      short buffer_locs[20];
      buffer.insts()->initialize_shared_locs((relocInfo*)buffer_locs,
                                             sizeof(buffer_locs)/sizeof(relocInfo));

      MacroAssembler _masm(&buffer);
      entry = SharedRuntime::generate_i2c2i_adapters(&_masm,
                                                     total_args_passed,
                                                     comp_args_on_stack,
                                                     sig_bt,
                                                     regs,
                                                     fingerprint);
#ifdef ASSERT
      if (VerifyAdapterSharing) {
        if (shared_entry != NULL) {
          assert(shared_entry->compare_code(buf->code_begin(), buffer.insts_size()), "code must match");
          // Release the one just created and return the original
          _adapters->free_entry(entry);
          return shared_entry;
        } else  {
          entry->save_code(buf->code_begin(), buffer.insts_size());
        }
      }
#endif

      new_adapter = AdapterBlob::create(&buffer);
      NOT_PRODUCT(insts_size = buffer.insts_size());
    }
    if (new_adapter == NULL) {
      // CodeCache is full, disable compilation
      // Ought to log this but compile log is only per compile thread
      // and we're some non descript Java thread.
      MutexUnlocker mu(AdapterHandlerLibrary_lock);
      CompileBroker::handle_full_code_cache();
      return NULL; // Out of CodeCache space
    }
    entry->relocate(new_adapter->content_begin());
#ifndef PRODUCT
    // debugging suppport
    if (PrintAdapterHandlers || PrintStubCode) {
      ttyLocker ttyl;
      entry->print_adapter_on(tty);
      tty->print_cr("i2c argument handler #%d for: %s %s (%d bytes generated)",
                    _adapters->number_of_entries(), (method->is_static() ? "static" : "receiver"),
                    method->signature()->as_C_string(), insts_size);
      tty->print_cr("c2i argument handler starts at %p",entry->get_c2i_entry());
      if (Verbose || PrintStubCode) {
        address first_pc = entry->base_address();
        if (first_pc != NULL) {
          Disassembler::decode(first_pc, first_pc + insts_size);
          tty->cr();
        }
      }
    }
#endif
    // Add the entry only if the entry contains all required checks (see sharedRuntime_xxx.cpp)
    // The checks are inserted only if -XX:+VerifyAdapterCalls is specified.
    if (contains_all_checks || !VerifyAdapterCalls) {
      _adapters->add(entry);
    }
  }
  // Outside of the lock
  if (new_adapter != NULL) {
    char blob_id[256];
    jio_snprintf(blob_id,
                 sizeof(blob_id),
                 "%s(%s)@" PTR_FORMAT,
                 new_adapter->name(),
                 fingerprint->as_string(),
                 new_adapter->content_begin());
    Forte::register_stub(blob_id, new_adapter->content_begin(),new_adapter->content_end());

    if (JvmtiExport::should_post_dynamic_code_generated()) {
      JvmtiExport::post_dynamic_code_generated(blob_id, new_adapter->content_begin(), new_adapter->content_end());
    }
  }
  return entry;
}

address AdapterHandlerEntry::base_address() {
  address base = _i2c_entry;
  if (base == NULL)  base = _c2i_entry;
  assert(base <= _c2i_entry || _c2i_entry == NULL, "");
  assert(base <= _c2i_unverified_entry || _c2i_unverified_entry == NULL, "");
  return base;
}

void AdapterHandlerEntry::relocate(address new_base) {
  address old_base = base_address();
  assert(old_base != NULL, "");
  ptrdiff_t delta = new_base - old_base;
  if (_i2c_entry != NULL)
    _i2c_entry += delta;
  if (_c2i_entry != NULL)
    _c2i_entry += delta;
  if (_c2i_unverified_entry != NULL)
    _c2i_unverified_entry += delta;
  assert(base_address() == new_base, "");
}


void AdapterHandlerEntry::deallocate() {
  delete _fingerprint;
#ifdef ASSERT
  if (_saved_code) FREE_C_HEAP_ARRAY(unsigned char, _saved_code, mtCode);
#endif
}


#ifdef ASSERT
// Capture the code before relocation so that it can be compared
// against other versions.  If the code is captured after relocation
// then relative instructions won't be equivalent.
void AdapterHandlerEntry::save_code(unsigned char* buffer, int length) {
  _saved_code = NEW_C_HEAP_ARRAY(unsigned char, length, mtCode);
  _saved_code_length = length;
  memcpy(_saved_code, buffer, length);
}


bool AdapterHandlerEntry::compare_code(unsigned char* buffer, int length) {
  if (length != _saved_code_length) {
    return false;
  }

  return (memcmp(buffer, _saved_code, length) == 0) ? true : false;
}
#endif


/**
 * Create a native wrapper for this native method.  The wrapper converts the
 * Java-compiled calling convention to the native convention, handles
 * arguments, and transitions to native.  On return from the native we transition
 * back to java blocking if a safepoint is in progress.
 */
void AdapterHandlerLibrary::create_native_wrapper(methodHandle method) {
  ResourceMark rm;
  nmethod* nm = NULL;

  assert(method->is_native(), "must be native");
  assert(method->is_method_handle_intrinsic() ||
         method->has_native_function(), "must have something valid to call!");

  {
    // Perform the work while holding the lock, but perform any printing outside the lock
    MutexLocker mu(AdapterHandlerLibrary_lock);
    // See if somebody beat us to it
    nm = method->code();
    if (nm != NULL) {
      return;
    }

    const int compile_id = CompileBroker::assign_compile_id(method, CompileBroker::standard_entry_bci);
    assert(compile_id > 0, "Must generate native wrapper");


    ResourceMark rm;
    BufferBlob*  buf = buffer_blob(); // the temporary code buffer in CodeCache
    if (buf != NULL) {
      CodeBuffer buffer(buf);
      double locs_buf[20];
      buffer.insts()->initialize_shared_locs((relocInfo*)locs_buf, sizeof(locs_buf) / sizeof(relocInfo));
      MacroAssembler _masm(&buffer);

      // Fill in the signature array, for the calling-convention call.
      const int total_args_passed = method->size_of_parameters();

      BasicType* sig_bt = NEW_RESOURCE_ARRAY(BasicType, total_args_passed);
      VMRegPair*   regs = NEW_RESOURCE_ARRAY(VMRegPair, total_args_passed);
      int i=0;
      if( !method->is_static() )  // Pass in receiver first
        sig_bt[i++] = T_OBJECT;
      SignatureStream ss(method->signature());
      for( ; !ss.at_return_type(); ss.next()) {
        sig_bt[i++] = ss.type();  // Collect remaining bits of signature
        if( ss.type() == T_LONG || ss.type() == T_DOUBLE )
          sig_bt[i++] = T_VOID;   // Longs & doubles take 2 Java slots
      }
      assert(i == total_args_passed, "");
      BasicType ret_type = ss.type();

      // Now get the compiled-Java layout as input (or output) arguments.
      // NOTE: Stubs for compiled entry points of method handle intrinsics
      // are just trampolines so the argument registers must be outgoing ones.
      const bool is_outgoing = method->is_method_handle_intrinsic();
      int comp_args_on_stack = SharedRuntime::java_calling_convention(sig_bt, regs, total_args_passed, is_outgoing);

      // Generate the compiled-to-native wrapper code
      nm = SharedRuntime::generate_native_wrapper(&_masm, method, compile_id, sig_bt, regs, ret_type);

      if (nm != NULL) {
        method->set_code(method, nm);
      }
    }
  } // Unlock AdapterHandlerLibrary_lock


  // Install the generated code.
  if (nm != NULL) {
    if (PrintCompilation) {
      ttyLocker ttyl;
      CompileTask::print_compilation(tty, nm, method->is_static() ? "(static)" : "");
    }
    nm->post_compiled_method_load_event();
  } else {
    // CodeCache is full, disable compilation
    CompileBroker::handle_full_code_cache();
  }
}

JRT_ENTRY_NO_ASYNC(void, SharedRuntime::block_for_jni_critical(JavaThread* thread))
  assert(thread == JavaThread::current(), "must be");
  // The code is about to enter a JNI lazy critical native method and
  // _needs_gc is true, so if this thread is already in a critical
  // section then just return, otherwise this thread should block
  // until needs_gc has been cleared.
  if (thread->in_critical()) {
    return;
  }
  // Lock and unlock a critical section to give the system a chance to block
  GC_locker::lock_critical(thread);
  GC_locker::unlock_critical(thread);
JRT_END

#ifdef HAVE_DTRACE_H
// Create a dtrace nmethod for this method.  The wrapper converts the
// java compiled calling convention to the native convention, makes a dummy call
// (actually nops for the size of the call instruction, which become a trap if
// probe is enabled). The returns to the caller. Since this all looks like a
// leaf no thread transition is needed.

nmethod *AdapterHandlerLibrary::create_dtrace_nmethod(methodHandle method) {
  ResourceMark rm;
  nmethod* nm = NULL;

  if (PrintCompilation) {
    ttyLocker ttyl;
    tty->print("---   n%s  ");
    method->print_short_name(tty);
    if (method->is_static()) {
      tty->print(" (static)");
    }
    tty->cr();
  }

  {
    // perform the work while holding the lock, but perform any printing
    // outside the lock
    MutexLocker mu(AdapterHandlerLibrary_lock);
    // See if somebody beat us to it
    nm = method->code();
    if (nm) {
      return nm;
    }

    ResourceMark rm;

    BufferBlob*  buf = buffer_blob(); // the temporary code buffer in CodeCache
    if (buf != NULL) {
      CodeBuffer buffer(buf);
      // Need a few relocation entries
      double locs_buf[20];
      buffer.insts()->initialize_shared_locs(
        (relocInfo*)locs_buf, sizeof(locs_buf) / sizeof(relocInfo));
      MacroAssembler _masm(&buffer);

      // Generate the compiled-to-native wrapper code
      nm = SharedRuntime::generate_dtrace_nmethod(&_masm, method);
    }
  }
  return nm;
}

// the dtrace method needs to convert java lang string to utf8 string.
void SharedRuntime::get_utf(oopDesc* src, address dst) {
  typeArrayOop jlsValue  = java_lang_String::value(src);
  int          jlsOffset = java_lang_String::offset(src);
  int          jlsLen    = java_lang_String::length(src);
  jchar*       jlsPos    = (jlsLen == 0) ? NULL :
                                           jlsValue->char_at_addr(jlsOffset);
  assert(TypeArrayKlass::cast(jlsValue->klass())->element_type() == T_CHAR, "compressed string");
  (void) UNICODE::as_utf8(jlsPos, jlsLen, (char *)dst, max_dtrace_string_size);
}
#endif // ndef HAVE_DTRACE_H

int SharedRuntime::convert_ints_to_longints_argcnt(int in_args_count, BasicType* in_sig_bt) {
  int argcnt = in_args_count;
  if (CCallingConventionRequiresIntsAsLongs) {
    for (int in = 0; in < in_args_count; in++) {
      BasicType bt = in_sig_bt[in];
      switch (bt) {
        case T_BOOLEAN:
        case T_CHAR:
        case T_BYTE:
        case T_SHORT:
        case T_INT:
          argcnt++;
          break;
        default:
          break;
      }
    }
  } else {
    assert(0, "This should not be needed on this platform");
  }

  return argcnt;
}

void SharedRuntime::convert_ints_to_longints(int i2l_argcnt, int& in_args_count,
                                             BasicType*& in_sig_bt, VMRegPair*& in_regs) {
  if (CCallingConventionRequiresIntsAsLongs) {
    VMRegPair *new_in_regs   = NEW_RESOURCE_ARRAY(VMRegPair, i2l_argcnt);
    BasicType *new_in_sig_bt = NEW_RESOURCE_ARRAY(BasicType, i2l_argcnt);

    int argcnt = 0;
    for (int in = 0; in < in_args_count; in++, argcnt++) {
      BasicType bt  = in_sig_bt[in];
      VMRegPair reg = in_regs[in];
      switch (bt) {
        case T_BOOLEAN:
        case T_CHAR:
        case T_BYTE:
        case T_SHORT:
        case T_INT:
          // Convert (bt) to (T_LONG,bt).
          new_in_sig_bt[argcnt  ] = T_LONG;
          new_in_sig_bt[argcnt+1] = bt;
          assert(reg.first()->is_valid() && !reg.second()->is_valid(), "");
          new_in_regs[argcnt  ].set2(reg.first());
          new_in_regs[argcnt+1].set_bad();
          argcnt++;
          break;
        default:
          // No conversion needed.
          new_in_sig_bt[argcnt] = bt;
          new_in_regs[argcnt]   = reg;
          break;
      }
    }
    assert(argcnt == i2l_argcnt, "must match");

    in_regs = new_in_regs;
    in_sig_bt = new_in_sig_bt;
    in_args_count = i2l_argcnt;
  } else {
    assert(0, "This should not be needed on this platform");
  }
}

// -------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Java-Java calling convention
// (what you use when Java calls Java)

//------------------------------name_for_receiver----------------------------------
// For a given signature, return the VMReg for parameter 0.
VMReg SharedRuntime::name_for_receiver() {
  VMRegPair regs;
  BasicType sig_bt = T_OBJECT;
  (void) java_calling_convention(&sig_bt, &regs, 1, true);
  // Return argument 0 register.  In the LP64 build pointers
  // take 2 registers, but the VM wants only the 'main' name.
  return regs.first();
}

VMRegPair *SharedRuntime::find_callee_arguments(Symbol* sig, bool has_receiver, bool has_appendix, int* arg_size) {
  // This method is returning a data structure allocating as a
  // ResourceObject, so do not put any ResourceMarks in here.
  char *s = sig->as_C_string();
  int len = (int)strlen(s);
  s++; len--;                   // Skip opening paren
  char *t = s+len;
  while( *(--t) != ')' ) ;      // Find close paren

  BasicType *sig_bt = NEW_RESOURCE_ARRAY( BasicType, 256 );
  VMRegPair *regs = NEW_RESOURCE_ARRAY( VMRegPair, 256 );
  int cnt = 0;
  if (has_receiver) {
    sig_bt[cnt++] = T_OBJECT; // Receiver is argument 0; not in signature
  }

  while( s < t ) {
    switch( *s++ ) {            // Switch on signature character
    case 'B': sig_bt[cnt++] = T_BYTE;    break;
    case 'C': sig_bt[cnt++] = T_CHAR;    break;
    case 'D': sig_bt[cnt++] = T_DOUBLE;  sig_bt[cnt++] = T_VOID; break;
    case 'F': sig_bt[cnt++] = T_FLOAT;   break;
    case 'I': sig_bt[cnt++] = T_INT;     break;
    case 'J': sig_bt[cnt++] = T_LONG;    sig_bt[cnt++] = T_VOID; break;
    case 'S': sig_bt[cnt++] = T_SHORT;   break;
    case 'Z': sig_bt[cnt++] = T_BOOLEAN; break;
    case 'V': sig_bt[cnt++] = T_VOID;    break;
    case 'L':                   // Oop
      while( *s++ != ';'  ) ;   // Skip signature
      sig_bt[cnt++] = T_OBJECT;
      break;
    case '[': {                 // Array
      do {                      // Skip optional size
        while( *s >= '0' && *s <= '9' ) s++;
      } while( *s++ == '[' );   // Nested arrays?
      // Skip element type
      if( s[-1] == 'L' )
        while( *s++ != ';'  ) ; // Skip signature
      sig_bt[cnt++] = T_ARRAY;
      break;
    }
    default : ShouldNotReachHere();
    }
  }

  if (has_appendix) {
    sig_bt[cnt++] = T_OBJECT;
  }

  assert( cnt < 256, "grow table size" );

  int comp_args_on_stack;
  comp_args_on_stack = java_calling_convention(sig_bt, regs, cnt, true);

  // the calling convention doesn't count out_preserve_stack_slots so
  // we must add that in to get "true" stack offsets.

  if (comp_args_on_stack) {
    for (int i = 0; i < cnt; i++) {
      VMReg reg1 = regs[i].first();
      if( reg1->is_stack()) {
        // Yuck
        reg1 = reg1->bias(out_preserve_stack_slots());
      }
      VMReg reg2 = regs[i].second();
      if( reg2->is_stack()) {
        // Yuck
        reg2 = reg2->bias(out_preserve_stack_slots());
      }
      regs[i].set_pair(reg2, reg1);
    }
  }

  // results
  *arg_size = cnt;
  return regs;
}

// OSR Migration Code
//
// This code is used convert interpreter frames into compiled frames.  It is
// called from very start of a compiled OSR nmethod.  A temp array is
// allocated to hold the interesting bits of the interpreter frame.  All
// active locks are inflated to allow them to move.  The displaced headers and
// active interpeter locals are copied into the temp buffer.  Then we return
// back to the compiled code.  The compiled code then pops the current
// interpreter frame off the stack and pushes a new compiled frame.  Then it
// copies the interpreter locals and displaced headers where it wants.
// Finally it calls back to free the temp buffer.
//
// All of this is done NOT at any Safepoint, nor is any safepoint or GC allowed.

JRT_LEAF(intptr_t*, SharedRuntime::OSR_migration_begin( JavaThread *thread) )

  //
  // This code is dependent on the memory layout of the interpreter local
  // array and the monitors. On all of our platforms the layout is identical
  // so this code is shared. If some platform lays the their arrays out
  // differently then this code could move to platform specific code or
  // the code here could be modified to copy items one at a time using
  // frame accessor methods and be platform independent.

  frame fr = thread->last_frame();
  assert( fr.is_interpreted_frame(), "" );
  assert( fr.interpreter_frame_expression_stack_size()==0, "only handle empty stacks" );

  // Figure out how many monitors are active.
  int active_monitor_count = 0;
  for( BasicObjectLock *kptr = fr.interpreter_frame_monitor_end();
       kptr < fr.interpreter_frame_monitor_begin();
       kptr = fr.next_monitor_in_interpreter_frame(kptr) ) {
    if( kptr->obj() != NULL ) active_monitor_count++;
  }

  // QQQ we could place number of active monitors in the array so that compiled code
  // could double check it.

  Method* moop = fr.interpreter_frame_method();
  int max_locals = moop->max_locals();
  // Allocate temp buffer, 1 word per local & 2 per active monitor
  int buf_size_words = max_locals + active_monitor_count*2;
  intptr_t *buf = NEW_C_HEAP_ARRAY(intptr_t,buf_size_words, mtCode);

  // Copy the locals.  Order is preserved so that loading of longs works.
  // Since there's no GC I can copy the oops blindly.
  assert( sizeof(HeapWord)==sizeof(intptr_t), "fix this code");
  Copy::disjoint_words((HeapWord*)fr.interpreter_frame_local_at(max_locals-1),
                       (HeapWord*)&buf[0],
                       max_locals);

  // Inflate locks.  Copy the displaced headers.  Be careful, there can be holes.
  int i = max_locals;
  for( BasicObjectLock *kptr2 = fr.interpreter_frame_monitor_end();
       kptr2 < fr.interpreter_frame_monitor_begin();
       kptr2 = fr.next_monitor_in_interpreter_frame(kptr2) ) {
    if( kptr2->obj() != NULL) {         // Avoid 'holes' in the monitor array
      BasicLock *lock = kptr2->lock();
      // Inflate so the displaced header becomes position-independent
      if (lock->displaced_header()->is_unlocked())
        ObjectSynchronizer::inflate_helper(kptr2->obj());
      // Now the displaced header is free to move
      buf[i++] = (intptr_t)lock->displaced_header();
      buf[i++] = cast_from_oop<intptr_t>(kptr2->obj());
    }
  }
  assert( i - max_locals == active_monitor_count*2, "found the expected number of monitors" );

  return buf;
JRT_END

JRT_LEAF(void, SharedRuntime::OSR_migration_end( intptr_t* buf) )
  FREE_C_HEAP_ARRAY(intptr_t,buf, mtCode);
JRT_END

bool AdapterHandlerLibrary::contains(CodeBlob* b) {
  AdapterHandlerTableIterator iter(_adapters);
  while (iter.has_next()) {
    AdapterHandlerEntry* a = iter.next();
    if ( b == CodeCache::find_blob(a->get_i2c_entry()) ) return true;
  }
  return false;
}

void AdapterHandlerLibrary::print_handler_on(outputStream* st, CodeBlob* b) {
  AdapterHandlerTableIterator iter(_adapters);
  while (iter.has_next()) {
    AdapterHandlerEntry* a = iter.next();
    if (b == CodeCache::find_blob(a->get_i2c_entry())) {
      st->print("Adapter for signature: ");
      a->print_adapter_on(tty);
      return;
    }
  }
  assert(false, "Should have found handler");
}

void AdapterHandlerEntry::print_adapter_on(outputStream* st) const {
  st->print_cr("AHE@" INTPTR_FORMAT ": %s i2c: " INTPTR_FORMAT " c2i: " INTPTR_FORMAT " c2iUV: " INTPTR_FORMAT,
               (intptr_t) this, fingerprint()->as_string(),
               get_i2c_entry(), get_c2i_entry(), get_c2i_unverified_entry());

}

#ifndef PRODUCT

void AdapterHandlerLibrary::print_statistics() {
  _adapters->print_statistics();
}

#endif /* PRODUCT */