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  1. 29 2月, 2016 2 次提交
  3. 09 2月, 2016 2 次提交
    • R
      sched/numa: Spread memory according to CPU and memory use · 4142c3eb
      由 Rik van Riel 提交于 
      The pseudo-interleaving in NUMA placement has a fundamental problem:
using hard usage thresholds to spread memory equally between nodes
can prevent workloads from converging, or keep memory "trapped" on
nodes where the workload is barely running any more.

In order for workloads to properly converge, the memory migration
should not be stopped when nodes reach parity, but instead be
distributed according to how heavily memory is used from each node.
This way memory migration and task migration reinforce each other,
instead of one putting the brakes on the other.

Remove the hard thresholds from the pseudo-interleaving code, and
instead use a more gradual policy on memory placement. This also
seems to improve convergence of workloads that do not run flat out,
but sleep in between bursts of activity.

We still want to slow down NUMA scanning and migration once a workload
has settled on a few actively used nodes, so keep the 3/4 hysteresis
in place. Keep track of whether a workload is actively running on
multiple nodes, so task_numa_migrate does a full scan of the system
for better task placement.

In the case of running 3 SPECjbb2005 instances on a 4 node system,
this code seems to result in fairer distribution of memory between
nodes, with more memory bandwidth for each instance.
Signed-off-by: NRik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Mike Galbraith <efault@gmx.de>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: mgorman@suse.de
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20160125170739.2fc9a641@annuminas.surriel.com
[ Minor readability tweaks. ]
Signed-off-by: NIngo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
      4142c3eb
    • M
      sched/debug: Make schedstats a runtime tunable that is disabled by default · cb251765
      由 Mel Gorman 提交于 
      schedstats is very useful during debugging and performance tuning but it
incurs overhead to calculate the stats. As such, even though it can be
disabled at build time, it is often enabled as the information is useful.

This patch adds a kernel command-line and sysctl tunable to enable or
disable schedstats on demand (when it's built in). It is disabled
by default as someone who knows they need it can also learn to enable
it when necessary.

The benefits are dependent on how scheduler-intensive the workload is.
If it is then the patch reduces the number of cycles spent calculating
the stats with a small benefit from reducing the cache footprint of the
scheduler.

These measurements were taken from a 48-core 2-socket
machine with Xeon(R) E5-2670 v3 cpus although they were also tested on a
single socket machine 8-core machine with Intel i7-3770 processors.

netperf-tcp
                           4.5.0-rc1             4.5.0-rc1
                             vanilla          nostats-v3r1
Hmean    64         560.45 (  0.00%)      575.98 (  2.77%)
Hmean    128        766.66 (  0.00%)      795.79 (  3.80%)
Hmean    256        950.51 (  0.00%)      981.50 (  3.26%)
Hmean    1024      1433.25 (  0.00%)     1466.51 (  2.32%)
Hmean    2048      2810.54 (  0.00%)     2879.75 (  2.46%)
Hmean    3312      4618.18 (  0.00%)     4682.09 (  1.38%)
Hmean    4096      5306.42 (  0.00%)     5346.39 (  0.75%)
Hmean    8192     10581.44 (  0.00%)    10698.15 (  1.10%)
Hmean    16384    18857.70 (  0.00%)    18937.61 (  0.42%)

Small gains here, UDP_STREAM showed nothing intresting and neither did
the TCP_RR tests. The gains on the 8-core machine were very similar.

tbench4
                                 4.5.0-rc1             4.5.0-rc1
                                   vanilla          nostats-v3r1
Hmean    mb/sec-1         500.85 (  0.00%)      522.43 (  4.31%)
Hmean    mb/sec-2         984.66 (  0.00%)     1018.19 (  3.41%)
Hmean    mb/sec-4        1827.91 (  0.00%)     1847.78 (  1.09%)
Hmean    mb/sec-8        3561.36 (  0.00%)     3611.28 (  1.40%)
Hmean    mb/sec-16       5824.52 (  0.00%)     5929.03 (  1.79%)
Hmean    mb/sec-32      10943.10 (  0.00%)    10802.83 ( -1.28%)
Hmean    mb/sec-64      15950.81 (  0.00%)    16211.31 (  1.63%)
Hmean    mb/sec-128     15302.17 (  0.00%)    15445.11 (  0.93%)
Hmean    mb/sec-256     14866.18 (  0.00%)    15088.73 (  1.50%)
Hmean    mb/sec-512     15223.31 (  0.00%)    15373.69 (  0.99%)
Hmean    mb/sec-1024    14574.25 (  0.00%)    14598.02 (  0.16%)
Hmean    mb/sec-2048    13569.02 (  0.00%)    13733.86 (  1.21%)
Hmean    mb/sec-3072    12865.98 (  0.00%)    13209.23 (  2.67%)

Small gains of 2-4% at low thread counts and otherwise flat.  The
gains on the 8-core machine were slightly different

tbench4 on 8-core i7-3770 single socket machine
Hmean    mb/sec-1        442.59 (  0.00%)      448.73 (  1.39%)
Hmean    mb/sec-2        796.68 (  0.00%)      794.39 ( -0.29%)
Hmean    mb/sec-4       1322.52 (  0.00%)     1343.66 (  1.60%)
Hmean    mb/sec-8       2611.65 (  0.00%)     2694.86 (  3.19%)
Hmean    mb/sec-16      2537.07 (  0.00%)     2609.34 (  2.85%)
Hmean    mb/sec-32      2506.02 (  0.00%)     2578.18 (  2.88%)
Hmean    mb/sec-64      2511.06 (  0.00%)     2569.16 (  2.31%)
Hmean    mb/sec-128     2313.38 (  0.00%)     2395.50 (  3.55%)
Hmean    mb/sec-256     2110.04 (  0.00%)     2177.45 (  3.19%)
Hmean    mb/sec-512     2072.51 (  0.00%)     2053.97 ( -0.89%)

In constract, this shows a relatively steady 2-3% gain at higher thread
counts. Due to the nature of the patch and the type of workload, it's
not a surprise that the result will depend on the CPU used.

hackbench-pipes
                         4.5.0-rc1             4.5.0-rc1
                           vanilla          nostats-v3r1
Amean    1        0.0637 (  0.00%)      0.0660 ( -3.59%)
Amean    4        0.1229 (  0.00%)      0.1181 (  3.84%)
Amean    7        0.1921 (  0.00%)      0.1911 (  0.52%)
Amean    12       0.3117 (  0.00%)      0.2923 (  6.23%)
Amean    21       0.4050 (  0.00%)      0.3899 (  3.74%)
Amean    30       0.4586 (  0.00%)      0.4433 (  3.33%)
Amean    48       0.5910 (  0.00%)      0.5694 (  3.65%)
Amean    79       0.8663 (  0.00%)      0.8626 (  0.43%)
Amean    110      1.1543 (  0.00%)      1.1517 (  0.22%)
Amean    141      1.4457 (  0.00%)      1.4290 (  1.16%)
Amean    172      1.7090 (  0.00%)      1.6924 (  0.97%)
Amean    192      1.9126 (  0.00%)      1.9089 (  0.19%)

Some small gains and losses and while the variance data is not included,
it's close to the noise. The UMA machine did not show anything particularly
different

pipetest
                             4.5.0-rc1             4.5.0-rc1
                               vanilla          nostats-v2r2
Min         Time        4.13 (  0.00%)        3.99 (  3.39%)
1st-qrtle   Time        4.38 (  0.00%)        4.27 (  2.51%)
2nd-qrtle   Time        4.46 (  0.00%)        4.39 (  1.57%)
3rd-qrtle   Time        4.56 (  0.00%)        4.51 (  1.10%)
Max-90%     Time        4.67 (  0.00%)        4.60 (  1.50%)
Max-93%     Time        4.71 (  0.00%)        4.65 (  1.27%)
Max-95%     Time        4.74 (  0.00%)        4.71 (  0.63%)
Max-99%     Time        4.88 (  0.00%)        4.79 (  1.84%)
Max         Time        4.93 (  0.00%)        4.83 (  2.03%)
Mean        Time        4.48 (  0.00%)        4.39 (  1.91%)
Best99%Mean Time        4.47 (  0.00%)        4.39 (  1.91%)
Best95%Mean Time        4.46 (  0.00%)        4.38 (  1.93%)
Best90%Mean Time        4.45 (  0.00%)        4.36 (  1.98%)
Best50%Mean Time        4.36 (  0.00%)        4.25 (  2.49%)
Best10%Mean Time        4.23 (  0.00%)        4.10 (  3.13%)
Best5%Mean  Time        4.19 (  0.00%)        4.06 (  3.20%)
Best1%Mean  Time        4.13 (  0.00%)        4.00 (  3.39%)

Small improvement and similar gains were seen on the UMA machine.

The gain is small but it stands to reason that doing less work in the
scheduler is a good thing. The downside is that the lack of schedstats and
tracepoints may be surprising to experts doing performance analysis until
they find the existence of the schedstats= parameter or schedstats sysctl.
It will be automatically activated for latencytop and sleep profiling to
alleviate the problem. For tracepoints, there is a simple warning as it's
not safe to activate schedstats in the context when it's known the tracepoint
may be wanted but is unavailable.
Signed-off-by: NMel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Reviewed-by: NMatt Fleming <matt@codeblueprint.co.uk>
Reviewed-by: NSrikar Dronamraju <srikar@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Mike Galbraith <mgalbraith@suse.de>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1454663316-22048-1-git-send-email-mgorman@techsingularity.netSigned-off-by: NIngo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
      cb251765
  5. 22 1月, 2016 1 次提交
    • G
      sched/numa: Fix use-after-free bug in the task_numa_compare · 1dff76b9
      由 Gavin Guo 提交于 
      The following message can be observed on the Ubuntu v3.13.0-65 with KASan
backported:

  ==================================================================
  BUG: KASan: use after free in task_numa_find_cpu+0x64c/0x890 at addr ffff880dd393ecd8
  Read of size 8 by task qemu-system-x86/3998900
  =============================================================================
  BUG kmalloc-128 (Tainted: G    B        ): kasan: bad access detected
  -----------------------------------------------------------------------------

  INFO: Allocated in task_numa_fault+0xc1b/0xed0 age=41980 cpu=18 pid=3998890
	__slab_alloc+0x4f8/0x560
	__kmalloc+0x1eb/0x280
	task_numa_fault+0xc1b/0xed0
	do_numa_page+0x192/0x200
	handle_mm_fault+0x808/0x1160
	__do_page_fault+0x218/0x750
	do_page_fault+0x1a/0x70
	page_fault+0x28/0x30
	SyS_poll+0x66/0x1a0
	system_call_fastpath+0x1a/0x1f
  INFO: Freed in task_numa_free+0x1d2/0x200 age=62 cpu=18 pid=0
	__slab_free+0x2ab/0x3f0
	kfree+0x161/0x170
	task_numa_free+0x1d2/0x200
	finish_task_switch+0x1d2/0x210
	__schedule+0x5d4/0xc60
	schedule_preempt_disabled+0x40/0xc0
	cpu_startup_entry+0x2da/0x340
	start_secondary+0x28f/0x360
  Call Trace:
   [<ffffffff81a6ce35>] dump_stack+0x45/0x56
   [<ffffffff81244aed>] print_trailer+0xfd/0x170
   [<ffffffff8124ac36>] object_err+0x36/0x40
   [<ffffffff8124cbf9>] kasan_report_error+0x1e9/0x3a0
   [<ffffffff8124d260>] kasan_report+0x40/0x50
   [<ffffffff810dda7c>] ? task_numa_find_cpu+0x64c/0x890
   [<ffffffff8124bee9>] __asan_load8+0x69/0xa0
   [<ffffffff814f5c38>] ? find_next_bit+0xd8/0x120
   [<ffffffff810dda7c>] task_numa_find_cpu+0x64c/0x890
   [<ffffffff810de16c>] task_numa_migrate+0x4ac/0x7b0
   [<ffffffff810de523>] numa_migrate_preferred+0xb3/0xc0
   [<ffffffff810e0b88>] task_numa_fault+0xb88/0xed0
   [<ffffffff8120ef02>] do_numa_page+0x192/0x200
   [<ffffffff81211038>] handle_mm_fault+0x808/0x1160
   [<ffffffff810d7dbd>] ? sched_clock_cpu+0x10d/0x160
   [<ffffffff81068c52>] ? native_load_tls+0x82/0xa0
   [<ffffffff81a7bd68>] __do_page_fault+0x218/0x750
   [<ffffffff810c2186>] ? hrtimer_try_to_cancel+0x76/0x160
   [<ffffffff81a6f5e7>] ? schedule_hrtimeout_range_clock.part.24+0xf7/0x1c0
   [<ffffffff81a7c2ba>] do_page_fault+0x1a/0x70
   [<ffffffff81a772e8>] page_fault+0x28/0x30
   [<ffffffff8128cbd4>] ? do_sys_poll+0x1c4/0x6d0
   [<ffffffff810e64f6>] ? enqueue_task_fair+0x4b6/0xaa0
   [<ffffffff810233c9>] ? sched_clock+0x9/0x10
   [<ffffffff810cf70a>] ? resched_task+0x7a/0xc0
   [<ffffffff810d0663>] ? check_preempt_curr+0xb3/0x130
   [<ffffffff8128b5c0>] ? poll_select_copy_remaining+0x170/0x170
   [<ffffffff810d3bc0>] ? wake_up_state+0x10/0x20
   [<ffffffff8112a28f>] ? drop_futex_key_refs.isra.14+0x1f/0x90
   [<ffffffff8112d40e>] ? futex_requeue+0x3de/0xba0
   [<ffffffff8112e49e>] ? do_futex+0xbe/0x8f0
   [<ffffffff81022c89>] ? read_tsc+0x9/0x20
   [<ffffffff8111bd9d>] ? ktime_get_ts+0x12d/0x170
   [<ffffffff8108f699>] ? timespec_add_safe+0x59/0xe0
   [<ffffffff8128d1f6>] SyS_poll+0x66/0x1a0
   [<ffffffff81a830dd>] system_call_fastpath+0x1a/0x1f

As commit 1effd9f1 ("sched/numa: Fix unsafe get_task_struct() in
task_numa_assign()") points out, the rcu_read_lock() cannot protect the
task_struct from being freed in the finish_task_switch(). And the bug
happens in the process of calculation of imp which requires the access of
p->numa_faults being freed in the following path:

do_exit()
        current->flags |= PF_EXITING;
    release_task()
        ~~delayed_put_task_struct()~~
    schedule()
    ...
    ...
rq->curr = next;
    context_switch()
        finish_task_switch()
            put_task_struct()
                __put_task_struct()
		    task_numa_free()

The fix here to get_task_struct() early before end of dst_rq->lock to
protect the calculation process and also put_task_struct() in the
corresponding point if finally the dst_rq->curr somehow cannot be
assigned.

Additional credit to Liang Chen who helped fix the error logic and add the
put_task_struct() to the place it missed.
Signed-off-by: NGavin Guo <gavin.guo@canonical.com>
Signed-off-by: NPeter Zijlstra (Intel) <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: jay.vosburgh@canonical.com
Cc: liang.chen@canonical.com
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1453264618-17645-1-git-send-email-gavin.guo@canonical.comSigned-off-by: NIngo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
      1dff76b9
  7. 06 1月, 2016 2 次提交
  9. 04 12月, 2015 3 次提交
  11. 23 11月, 2015 8 次提交
  13. 09 11月, 2015 1 次提交
  15. 20 10月, 2015 2 次提交
  17. 06 10月, 2015 2 次提交
  19. 18 9月, 2015 3 次提交
  21. 13 9月, 2015 14 次提交