### What problem were solved in this pull request?

Problem:
add code quality scan.

### What problem were solved in this pull request?

Problem: memory leak
---------
Co-authored-by: wangyunlai <hnwyllmm@126.com>

### What problem were solved in this pull request?

Issue Number: close https://github.com/oceanbase/miniob/issues/258

日志中的参数直接使用clang-format格式化，参数要么在一行，要么一个一行，或者尽量在一行，会比较丑。主要是因为日志的参数第一个format string，通常比较长，并且其含义特殊，参数需要分多行时，不应该作为“一类”放在同一行上。

my gcc version:

```text
gcc 版本 13.2.1 20230801 (GCC)
```

build log:
```log
[ 69%] Building CXX object src/observer/CMakeFiles/observer_static.dir/storage/trx/trx.cpp.o
In file included from /home/yunshu/Studio/GitHub/miniob/src/observer/storage/persist/persist.cpp:18:
/home/yunshu/Studio/GitHub/miniob/src/observer/storage/persist/persist.h:48:15: 错误：‘uint64_t’未声明
   48 |   RC write_at(uint64_t offset, int size, const char *data, int64_t *out_size = nullptr);
      |               ^~~~~~~~
```

### What problem were solved in this pull request?

Problem: build failed because the declaration of uint64_t could not be
found.

### What is changed and how it works?

add `<stdint.h>`

### What problem were solved in this pull request?

ref #205

Problem:
docker image has some security issues

### What is changed and how it works?
move step chpassword to startup

### What problem were solved in this pull request?
Problem:
clangd default finds `compile_commands.json` in `build` directory and
the miniob's default building directory is not `build` which will lead
to the clangd's failure of searching `compile_commands.json`.

### What is changed and how it works?

create a soft link from build to build_xxx in build.sh when building.

### What problem were solved in this pull request?

Issue Number: close #247 

Problem:
Compile miniob with static gcc and g++ failed while there is no static
gcc library on rockylinux.

### What is changed and how it works?
Add cmake option static_stdlib with default value off.
In normal case, we compile miniob and run/debug it on the same machine,
so dynamic linking works fun. If we want to move observer binary to
other machine and test, we can recompile miniob with static_stdlib ON.

### What problem were solved in this pull request?

Problem:
gitpod开发环境中没有安装flex和yacc工具

### What is changed and how it works?
在gitpod中安装flex和bison，以及readline

### What problem were solved in this pull request?

Issue Number: ref #205 

Problem:
The build method is different with the current docker image, so we need
to update it.

### What is changed and how it works?
Install build tools and dependencies when building image.

### What problem were solved in this pull request?

Issue Number: close #230 

Problem:
logical plan的生成代码全放在了optimize中，看起来很不清晰

### What is changed and how it works?
将logical plan的代码提取出来放在logical plan generator中

### What problem were solved in this pull request?

Problem: close #229 
当前的词法分析语法分析非常简单，那当遇到比较复杂的词法分析语法分析题目，比如表达式，有些同学就难以入手

### What is changed and how it works?
增加一个支持四则运算的功能，关键字是calc，虽然与标准的SQL不同，但是可以作为学习表达式入门使用。
使用示例：
```
(base) build_debug $ ./bin/observer -f ../etc/observer.ini -P cli
Successfully load ../etc/observer.ini
miniob > calc 2*(2*(2+3));
2*(2*(2+3))
20

miniob > calc (1+2) * (2 * (20+ -(5*1)))
(1+2) * (2 * (20+ -(5*1)))
90

miniob > calc 1, 2, 3;
1 | 2 | 3
1 | 2 | 3

miniob > calc 1 + 2 - 3+4;
1 + 2 - 3+4
4

miniob > calc 2* 4;
2* 4
8

miniob > calc 1, 2, 3;
1 | 2 | 3
1 | 2 | 3

miniob > calc 1 + 2 - 3+4;
1 + 2 - 3+4
4

miniob > calc 2* 4;
2* 4
8
```

### What problem were solved in this pull request?

Update Dockerfile

Issue Number: #205

Problem:

### What is changed and how it works?

1.  Use Ubuntu latest image
2.  Use dpes on ubuntu
3. Do not prepare deps when docker compose, because now we have
`build.sh init`

### Other information

### What problem were solved in this pull request?

Issue Number: close #226

Problem:
记录管理部分中page_header_中record_capacity初始化有误，需要进行修正
由于record_capacity的计算并没有考虑8字节对齐，计算的是不对齐时页面下容纳的最大记录量。
但第一条记录偏移量first_record_offset需要8字节对齐，使得最后一条记录的数据可能会溢出页面。

### What is changed and how it works?
如果溢出页面，则减少record_capacity数值
同时去掉了部分冗余或含义不清的函数，修改了上取整的计算表达式
完善了记录管理模块成员函数的注释

### What problem were solved in this pull request?

Issue Number: close #222 

Problem:
gcc使用动态链接库，在复制observer到其它机器后，无法启动。

### What is changed and how it works?
使用gcc静态链接库

### What problem were solved in this pull request?
Problem:
parse_defs中的一些变量命名不是很清晰

### What is changed and how it works?
重命名，增加SqlNode后缀，希望看起来更清晰，知道这些变量的意图
另外，增加了一个visual studio code的生成parser的任务

### What problem were solved in this pull request?

Problem:
新增的几个文档没有增加链接，导致没有展示在文档中

### What is changed and how it works?
在SUMMARY.md和introduction中增加链接

### Other information

### What is changed and how it works?
同步一些学习中心的文档

### What problem were solved in this pull request?

Issue Number: ref #205 

Problem:
build failed on docker container

### What is changed and how it works?
fix compile error

### Other information

### What problem were solved in this pull request?

Problem:
运行时参数介绍不够详细

### What is changed and how it works?
增加当前支持的运行时参数介绍

### Other information

### 修改文档 lecture 部分错别字


“在本节种” --> "在本节中"

### What problem were solved in this pull request?

Issue Number: close #217 

Problem:
compile error on gcc 12

### What is changed and how it works?

### Other information

更新readme链接

### What problem were solved in this pull request?

Problem:
There is no mysql protocol document

### What is changed and how it works?
add a mysql protocol document.

### Other information

### What problem were solved in this pull request?
ref #138 

Problem:

SEDA的线程池模式是每个处理环节分开，可能会放到不同的线程上，也可以调整不同stage对应的处理线程个数。但是会增加复杂性，比如session会切换线程、代码逻辑复杂。

### What is changed and how it works?
去掉了parse、resolve等stage，仅保留了session stage。代码中的名字依然叫stage，后续再调整。
在session
stage的处理逻辑中，直接调用其它流程处理，这样也使SQL处理流程变得更清晰。后续还可以考虑移除observer.ini，所有参数均通过命令行传递。

### Other information

### What problem were solved in this pull request?

Problem:
readme文档内容较多

### What is changed and how it works?
删掉几个链接

### Other information

### What problem were solved in this pull request?

Issue Number: close #178 

Problem:
sysbench is a powerful concurrency test tool and we should use it to
test our program.

### What is changed and how it works?
I create two sysbench lua scripts and a github workflow.

### Other information

### What problem were solved in this pull request?

Problem:
与训练营配合，可以在SQL命令请求过程中，添加调试信息

### What is changed and how it works?
可以参考 debug-output.md 文档。
增加 sql_debug 变量，使用set sql_debug=1; 可以设置。
在SQL命令执行过程中，调用sql_debug函数，增加调试信息。在普通文本通讯协议中，调试信息会以 '#'
开头的形式打印出来。但是注意调试信息中不要带换行符。

### Other information

### What problem were solved in this pull request?

Issue Number: close #142 

Problem:
value和tuple_cell的语义是重合的，所以代码时冗余的

### What is changed and how it works?
删除tuple_cell，都使用value来替换，并将tuple_cell中的接口都在value中实现

### Other information

### What problem were solved in this pull request?

Issue Number: close #191 

Problem:
doxy文档的首页没有描述

### What is changed and how it works?
增加首页描述信息，写在了main.cpp中

### Other information

### What problem were solved in this pull request?

Issue Number: ref #165 
ref #174 

Problem:
一些文档需要优化

### What problem were solved in this pull request?

Issue Number: close #162 

Problem:
当前的observer启动流程和调试方法比较繁琐，必须使用客户端服务端的方式，先启动服务端程序，再使用客户端启动调试

### What is changed and how it works?
observer可以直接启动，不监听tcp或unix socket，直接通过终端/控制台输入命令并执行，极大的方便了调试

### Other information
新的启动方法：
./bin/observer -P cli -f ../etc/observer.ini

### What problem were solved in this pull request?

Issue Number: close #151 

Problem:
当前在发送消息到客户端时，每个数据都会刷新socket buffer，效率很低

### What is changed and how it works?
实现BufferedWriter，通过buffered
writer将消息缓存在内存中，结果写完时或者buffer满时，才将结果真正的发送到客户端。

### Other information

### What problem were solved in this pull request?

Problem:
当前生成的github pages不太整洁方便，可以优化一下

### What is changed and how it works?
改用mdbook生成文档，并整理文档目录，调整链接

### What problem were solved in this pull request?

Issue Number: close #173 close #136 

ref #174 
ref #165 

Problem:
这个PR修改了多个问题，可以参考各个issue。包括observer编译两次、代码目录规划不合理、command executor未全部实现等

### What is changed and how it works?
做一些重构优化，包括CMakelist、一些代码目录、command executor

### What problem were solved in this pull request?

close issue: #186 

Problem:
实现MVCC代码后没有将持久化代码合并进来

### What is changed and how it works?
支持并发模式下落日志，并在异常停机后回复。

持久化是事务模块中最复杂的功能（没有之一），当前miniob实现的持久化简化了非常多，因此不能依赖持久化能力，仅仅作为一个学习测试的工具，在实际测试时也有一些限制。

### Other information

### What problem were solved in this pull request?

Issue Number: close #192 

Problem:
clang 14编译失败

### What is changed and how it works?
修复编译错误

### Other information

### What problem were solved in this pull request?

Issue Number: close #188 

Problem:
利用doxygen将代码注释生成文档

### What is changed and how it works?
修改github action，增加doxygen生成文档，并gihtub pages部署发布

### Other information

### What problem were solved in this pull request?

使用doxygen生成代码文档

Problem:
doxygen可以很方便的把代码注释转换成文档，但是当前没有利用这个功能

### What is changed and how it works?
增加了doxyfile，并在github action的workflow中增加了这个功能

### Other information