| ACL | Ascend Computer Language, for users to develop deep neural network applications, which provides the C++ API library including device management, context management, stream management, memory management, model loading and execution, operator loading and execution, media data processing, etc. |
| Ascend | Name of Huawei Ascend series chips. |
| CCE | Cube-based Computing Engine, which is an operator development tool oriented to hardware architecture programming. |
| CCE-C | Cube-based Computing Engine C, which is C code developed by the CCE. |
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| FP16 | 16-bit floating point, which is a half-precision floating point arithmetic format, consuming less memory. |
| FP32 | 32-bit floating point, which is a single-precision floating point arithmetic format. |
| GE | Graph Engine, MindSpore computational graph execution engine, which is responsible for optimizing hardware (such as operator fusion and memory overcommitment) based on the front-end computational graph and starting tasks on the device side. |
| GEIR | Graph Engine Intermediate Representation, such as ONNX, it is an open file format for machine learning. It is defined by Huawei and is better suited to Ascend AI processor.|
| GHLO | Graph High Level Optimization. GHLO includes optimization irrelevant to hardware (such as dead code elimination), auto parallel, and auto differentiation. |
| GLLO | Graph Low Level Optimization. GLLO includes hardware-related optimization and in-depth optimization related to the combination of hardware and software, such as operator fusion and buffer fusion. |
| Graph Mode | MindSpore static graph mode. In this mode, the neural network model is compiled into an entire graph and then delivered for execution, featuring high performance. |
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| MindSpore | Huawei-leaded open-source deep learning framework. |
| MindSpore Predict | A lightweight deep neural network inference engine that provides the inference function for models trained by MindSpore on the device side. |
| MNIST database | Modified National Handwriting of Images and Technology database, a large handwritten digit database, which is usually used to train various image processing systems. |
| ONNX | Open Neural Network Exchange, is an open format built to represent machine learning models.|
| PyNative Mode | MindSpore dynamic graph mode. In this mode, operators in the neural network are delivered and executed one by one, facilitating the compilation and debugging of the neural network model. |
| ResNet-50 | Residual Neural Network 50, a residual neural network proposed by four Chinese people, including Kaiming He from Microsoft Research Institute. |
| Schema | Data set structure definition file, which defines the fields contained in a dataset and the field types. |
