Closes #6004

The free-standing functions in f32, f64, i8, i16, i32, i64, u8, u16,
u32, u64, float, int, and uint are replaced with generic functions in
num instead.

This means that instead of having to know everywhere what the type is, like

~~~
f64::sin(x)
~~~

You can simply write code that uses the type-generic versions in num instead, this works for all types that implement the corresponding trait in num.

~~~
num::sin(x)
~~~

Note 1: If you were previously using any of those functions, just replace them
with the corresponding function with the same name in num.

Note 2: If you were using a function that corresponds to an operator, use the
operator instead.

Note 3: This is just https://github.com/mozilla/rust/pull/7090 reopened against master.

@cmr this is still WIP and I haven't tested it on windows, but anyway.

Apparently yesterday wasn't my day, and I forgot to add the changes to
all the tests apparently, and in the end forgot the docs extra much.
Please documentation, forgive me, I really do love you, I hope you
forgive me.

Next time we'll meet tutorial, I promise to bring cookies and tea. I
really want to be best-friends-forever with you, <3.

XOXO

General tweaks for Vim support, especially proper indenting.

The cases that this improves are clearly documented inside the
committed file, so this commit message is comparatively brief.

This improves things like doc comment handling when you press Enter and
making using `gf` or `<C-W>f` work on a `use x;` statement in the
current directory.

- Add fold support (NOT turned on by default)
- Highlight `::` by default
- Support the common `NOTE` as an important note
- Highlight `assert!` and `fail!` differently
- Don't highlight `deriving(...)` except in `#[...]`

Basically, one may just do:

    MemoryMap::new(16, ~[
      MapExecutable,
      MapReadable,
      MapWritable
    ])

And executable+readable+writable chunk of at least 16 bytes size will be
allocated and freed with the result of `MemoryMap::new`.

As per https://mail.mozilla.org/pipermail/rust-dev/2013-July/004685.html 

This is the initial machinery to setup the l10n infrastructure for markdown documentation.
A new "docs-l10n" target will take care of generating, updating and then building .pot and .po files, and later on the final .md.

This commit includes the .pot for all current .md docs; they can be feed directly to Mozilla Verbatim if wanted.
Please note that po4a only provides the orig.md -> .pot -> l10n.po -> l10n.md flow. The l10n.md -> l10n.html generation is not currently built in the makefile, as no language has been enabled.

Added external iterators as well as tests to SmallIntMap and SmallIntSet. Fixes #7366

This should never cause a segfault, but rather fail somehow. Possibly a condition could be used here, but for now there's not much else to do.

Correct treatment of irrefutable patterns. The old code was wrong in many, many ways. `ref` bindings didn't work, it sometimes copied when it should have moved, the borrow checker didn't even look at such patterns at all, we weren't consistent about preventing values with destructors from being pulled apart, etc.

Fixes #3224.
Fixes #3225.
Fixes #3255.
Fixes #6225.
Fixes #6386.

r? @catamorphism

Avoids the overhead of read_char for every character.

Benchmark reading example.json 10 times from
https://code.google.com/p/rapidjson/wiki/Performance

Before: 2.55s
After:  0.16s

Regression testing is already done by isrustfastyet.

let and function arguments; modify type checker to store type
information for all patterns and handles some missing cases.

for cases where it's hard to decide what id to use for the lookup); modify
irrefutable bindings code to move or copy depending on the type, rather than
threading through a flag. Also updates how local variables and arguments are
registered. These changes were hard to isolate.

in the generated LLVM code.