Closes #2569

All of Decoder and Encoder's methods now return a Result.

Encodable.encode() and Decodable.decode() return a Result as well.

fixes #12292

This is all purely fallout of getting the previous commit to compile.

serialize: ref #12697 minor adj. to last char check + prettyencode test

Closes #12829. Names changed for consistency, find_path optimized, method impls refactored to reduce repitition.

Fixed formatting, reworked find_path to use fewer Options.

Removed stray tab.

Fixed some styling issues with trailing whitespace.

- Removed redundant functions.
- Renamed `get` to `find`
- Renamed `get_path` to `find_path`
- Renamed `find` to `search`
- Changed as_object and as_list to return Object and List
  rather than the underlying implementation types
  of TreeMap<~str,Json> and ~[Json]
- Refactored find_path to use a fold() instead of recursion

Formatting fixes.

Fixed spacing, deleted comment.

Added convenience methods and accompanying tests to the Json class.

Updated tests to expect less pointer indirection.

- Added `TraitObject` representation to `std::raw`.
- Added doc to `std::raw`.
- Removed `Any::as_void_ptr()` and `Any::as_mut_void_ptr()`
  methods as they are uneccessary now after the removal of
  headers on owned boxes. This reduces the number of virtual calls needed.
- Made the `..Ext` implementations work directly with the repr of
  a trait object.
- Removed `Any`-related traits from the prelude.

- Added bench for `Any`

Formatting via reflection has been a little questionable for some time now, and
it's a little unfortunate that one of the standard macros will silently use
reflection when you weren't expecting it. This adds small bits of code bloat to
libraries, as well as not always being necessary. In light of this information,
this commit switches assert_eq!() to using {} in the error message instead of
{:?}.

In updating existing code, there were a few error cases that I encountered:

* It's impossible to define Show for [T, ..N]. I think DST will alleviate this
  because we can define Show for [T].
* A few types here and there just needed a #[deriving(Show)]
* Type parameters needed a Show bound, I often moved this to `assert!(a == b)`
* `Path` doesn't implement `Show`, so assert_eq!() cannot be used on two paths.
  I don't think this is much of a regression though because {:?} on paths looks
  awful (it's a byte array).

Concretely speaking, this shaved 10K off a 656K binary. Not a lot, but sometime
significant for smaller binaries.

This also inverts the dependency between libserialize and libcollections.

cc #8784

This commit changes the ToStr trait to:

    impl<T: fmt::Show> ToStr for T {
        fn to_str(&self) -> ~str { format!("{}", *self) }
    }

The ToStr trait has been on the chopping block for quite awhile now, and this is
the final nail in its coffin. The trait and the corresponding method are not
being removed as part of this commit, but rather any implementations of the
`ToStr` trait are being forbidden because of the generic impl. The new way to
get the `to_str()` method to work is to implement `fmt::Show`.

Formatting into a `&mut Writer` (as `format!` does) is much more efficient than
`ToStr` when building up large strings. The `ToStr` trait forces many
intermediate allocations to be made while the `fmt::Show` trait allows
incremental buildup in the same heap allocated buffer. Additionally, the
`fmt::Show` trait is much more extensible in terms of interoperation with other
`Writer` instances and in more situations. By design the `ToStr` trait requires
at least one allocation whereas the `fmt::Show` trait does not require any
allocations.

Closes #8242
Closes #9806

These two containers are indeed collections, so their place is in
libcollections, not in libstd. There will always be a hash map as part of the
standard distribution of Rust, but by moving it out of the standard library it
makes libstd that much more portable to more platforms and environments.

This conveniently also removes the stuttering of 'std::hashmap::HashMap',
although 'collections::HashMap' is only one character shorter.

This "bubble up an error" macro was originally named if_ok! in order to get it
landed, but after the fact it was discovered that this name is not exactly
desirable.

The name `if_ok!` isn't immediately clear that is has much to do with error
handling, and it doesn't look fantastic in all contexts (if if_ok!(...) {}). In
general, the agreed opinion about `if_ok!` is that is came in as subpar.

The name `try!` is more invocative of error handling, it's shorter by 2 letters,
and it looks fitting in almost all circumstances. One concern about the word
`try!` is that it's too invocative of exceptions, but the belief is that this
will be overcome with documentation and examples.

Close #12037

This was previously implemented, and it just needed a snapshot to go through

Avoid using -1 as a char sentinel, when Option<char> is the perfect
thing.

- `extra::json` didn't make the cut, because of `extra::json` required
   dep on `extra::TreeMap`. If/when `extra::TreeMap` moves out of `extra`,
   then `extra::json` could move into `serialize`
- `libextra`, `libsyntax` and `librustc` depend on the newly created
  `libserialize`
- The extensions to various `extra` types like `DList`, `RingBuf`, `TreeMap`
  and `TreeSet` for `Encodable`/`Decodable` were moved into the respective
  modules in `extra`
- There is some trickery, evident in `src/libextra/lib.rs` where a stub
  of `extra::serialize` is set up (in `src/libextra/serialize.rs`) for
  use in the stage0 build, where the snapshot rustc is still making
  deriving for `Encodable` and `Decodable` point at extra. Big props to
  @huonw for help working out the re-export solution for this

extra: inline extra::serialize stub

fix stuff clobbered in rebase + don't reexport serialize::serialize

no more globs in libserialize

syntax: fix import of libserialize traits

librustc: fix bad imports in encoder/decoder

add serialize dep to librustdoc

fix failing run-pass tests w/ serialize dep

adjust uuid dep

more rebase de-clobbering for libserialize

fixing tests, pushing libextra dep into cfg(test)

fix doc code in extra::json

adjust index.md links to serialize and uuid library

`Times::times` was always a second-class loop because it did not support the `break` and `continue` operations. Its playful appeal was then lost after `do` was disabled for closures. It's time to let this one go.

[std::str] Rename from_utf8_owned_opt() to from_utf8_owned(), drop the old from_utf8_owned() behavior

commit d00623d60afd460755b749ad5f94935f756f29d2
Author: musitdev <philippe.delrieu@free.fr>
Date:   Sat Jan 4 22:31:40 2014 +0100

    correct last comments.

commit ef09d6b6d1eebbd7c713c9dad96ed7bfc19dd884
Author: musitdev <philippe.delrieu@free.fr>
Date:   Thu Jan 2 20:28:53 2014 +0100

    update with the last remarks.

commit 46a028fe1fcdc2a7dcdd78a63001793eff614349
Author: musitdev <philippe.delrieu@free.fr>
Date:   Thu Jan 2 10:17:18 2014 +0100

    wrap example code in main function.

commit 2472901929bef09786b7aef8ca7c89fbe67d8e3e
Author: musitdev <philippe.delrieu@free.fr>
Date:   Mon Dec 30 19:32:46 2013 +0100

    Correct code to compile.

commit ed96b2223176781743e984af0e19abcb82150f1f
Author: musitdev <philippe.delrieu@free.fr>
Date:   Thu Dec 5 11:32:28 2013 +0100

    Correct the comment based on the PR comment.
    Change init call to new to reflect last change.

commit 38b0390c3533a16f822a6df5f90b907bd8ed6edc
Author: musitdev <philippe.delrieu@free.fr>
Date:   Wed Dec 4 22:34:25 2013 +0100

    correct from_utf8_owned call.

commit 08bed4c5f4fadf93ec457b605a1a1354323d2f5c
Author: musitdev <philippe.delrieu@free.fr>
Date:   Wed Dec 4 22:12:41 2013 +0100

    correct code '''

commit 02fddcbe2ab37fe842872691105bc4c5cff5abb5
Author: musitdev <philippe.delrieu@free.fr>
Date:   Wed Dec 4 13:25:54 2013 +0100

    correct typing error

commit b26830b8ddb49f551699e791832ed20640a0fafc
Author: musitdev <philippe.delrieu@free.fr>
Date:   Wed Dec 4 13:18:39 2013 +0100

    pass make check

commit e87c4f53286122efd0d2364ea45600d4fa4d5744
Author: musitdev <philippe.delrieu@free.fr>
Date:   Wed Dec 4 10:47:24 2013 +0100

    Add Json example and documentation.

There was an old and barely used implementation of pow, which expected
both parameters to be uint and required more traits to be implemented.
Since a new implementation for `pow` landed, I'm proposing to remove
this old impl in favor of the new one.

The benchmark shows that the new implementation is faster than the one
being removed:

test num::bench::bench_pow_function               ..bench:      9429 ns/iter (+/- 2055)
test num::bench::bench_pow_with_uint_function     ...bench:     28476 ns/iter (+/- 2202)

* Reexport io::mem and io::buffered structs directly under io, make mem/buffered
  private modules
* Remove with_mem_writer
* Remove DEFAULT_CAPACITY and use DEFAULT_BUF_SIZE (in io::buffered)

This is just an unnecessary trait that no one's ever going to parameterize over
and it's more useful to just define the methods directly on the types
themselves. The implementors of this type almost always don't want
inner_mut_ref() but they're forced to define it as well.

Also remove all instances of 'self within the codebase.

This fixes #10889.