This is mostly copy-pasted from CoerceToDomain.

Note: This requires an up-to-date version of ORCA to compile, older
versions of the ORCA library itself don't know about CoerceViaIO nodes
either.

This change in commit af5e4bcf was surely not intentional, and made the
test to fail.

    Port `dml/triggers`
    Port `olap/groupingfunction`
    Port `functions/builtin`
    Port `dml/functional`
    Port `dml/functional/sql_partiton`
    Port `functions/functionProperty`

    Update optfunctional_schedule with ported tests

    Update the Makefile for optimizer functional tests

When SharedScan requests a tuple from the underlying Sort, and the Sort has spilled to disk, the mk_sort code (also the regular sort) makes a copy of the memtuple, but places it in the sortcontext.
When hitting a QueryFinishPending (e.g., master received enough tuples, so stop the execution), EagerFree is called for the entire tree. When reaching the sort node, the sortcontext is deleted, even though the SharedScan above it still has a pointer to a memtuple allocated in this context.

The solution is: pass a memory context for the mk_sort and regular sort to use (change the API and implementation of the following two functions: tuplesort_gettupleslot_pos_mk and tuplesort_gettupleslot_pos). Those functions should use the context provided by the caller to make a copy of the memtuple.
Signed-off-by: NGeorge Caragea <gcaragea@pivotal.io>

Removed extraneous argument to _prompt_continue that would cause
gpcrondump to fail if run without -a.

In commit f79e98fa, which enabled the
backup and restoration of roles containing special characters, the new
Behave test did not remove the created test role at the end, so running
the test a second time would fail.  This commit updates that test so
that it does not leave the test role around between runs.

Fixed a few spelling errors, and minor whitespace issues, in the
Resource Scheduling README while reading it. Also updated the file
markers on the README, Makefile and code to match upstream CVS to
Git conversion. No semantic changes made to the text.

Previously, the cdatabase file created by gpcrondump did not correctly
quote a role containing special characters in its CREATE DATABASE
statement.  Such roles are now handled correctly.

Authors: Jamie McAtamney and Chumki Roy

Fix provided by @akon-dey
Closes: #780

Include a map from sliceIndex to gang_id in the dispatched string,
and remove the localSlice field, hence QE should get the localSlice
from the map now. By this way, we avoid duplicating and modifying
the dispatch text string slice by slice, and each QE of a sliced
dispatch would get same contents now.

The extra space cost is sizeof(int) * SliceNumber bytes, and the extra
computing cost is iterating the SliceNumber-size array. Compared with
memcpy of text string for each slice in previous implementation, this
way is much cheaper, because SliceNumber is much smaller than the size
of dispatch text string. Also, since SliceNumber is so small, we just
use an array for the map instead of a hash table.

Also, clean up some dead code in dispatcher, including:
(1) Remove primary_gang_id field of Slice struct and DispatchCommandDtxProtocolParms
struct, since dispatch agent is deprecated now;
(2) Remove redundant logic in cdbdisp_dispatchX;
(3) Clean up buildGpDtxProtocolCommand;

In commit d2725929, GPDB marked all allocatedReaderGangs with noReuse flag. When plan contains
init plan and a SET command executed within it, GPDB will mark pre-assigned gangs to noReuse and
destroy them which make query crash

    The GPDB Vmem is the lowest layer of memory allocator that supports higher allocators such as AllocSet. This layer (mostly defined in memprot.c) is in charge of actually calling malloc/realloc/free to allocate/reallocate/free memory. In this process this layer is also in charge of reserving "virtual" memory or Vmem, which is a GPDB specific shared memory counter to track per-segment combined allocations across all the GPDB processes under Vmem umbrella. The Vmem counter is managed by a separate module Vmem_Tracker, and the memprot functions (such as gp_malloc, gp_free2 and gp_realloc) call the APIs provided by VmemTracker.

    Previously the memprot allocators (gp_alloc/gp_realloc/gp_free) were only allocating/freeing memory but were not adding any additional metadata in the header (and there was no header) to track the size of allocations. Therefore, there was no gp_free as freeing memory requires the size of the free to adjust Vmem counter inside VmemTracker. This was patched by explicitly passing size info in gp_free2.

    In this PR we do the following:

    * We add allocation size in Vmem header (along with checksums which are only available in debug build to detect header and footer boundary, and buffer overruns).

    * We remove size information from the block header of AllocSet.

    * We rename gp_free2 to gp_free as the second parameter (size information) is now obtained from the header and therefore no longer necessary

    * We modify all the consumers of memprot.c APIs to use the new APIs

    * We add unit tests to test the metadata and the correctness of the new Vmem allocators

    This is the first step to integrate external modules and third party allocations with Vmem. A long running issue in GPDB is its inability to track allocations by external components including libraries such as ORCA. Therefore, the central Vmem counter is often way off from the underlying allocations, and this may run the system out of memory. By maintaining the size information in the Vmem header, we now have a self-contained allocator that can be exposed to external allocators such as GPOS allocators, without forcing them to manage size information separately.

    This fixes #117269929.
Signed-off-by: NMarc Spehlmann <marc.spehlmann@gmail.com>

This GUC will be used to control the MEMO size as well as optimization
time for large IN list or large array comparison expressions.

Only the Array with less number of elements than the GUC will be
expanded and participate in constraint derivation.

Trade-off of using this GUC is loss of potential benefits from the
constraint derivation (e.g. conflict detection, partition elimination)
with shorter optimization time and less memory utilization.

This reverts commit d9edb869.
g_dataSourceCtx should not be reset in AtAbort_ExtTables, since external tables is not the only component that uses it.

A previous commit added the capability to gprecoverseg to copy all
backup files from the mirror to the primary during a full recovery,
but assumed that the backup directory would always exist and so
gprecoverseg -F would fail if it was not present.  This commit adds
a check to ensure that gprecoverseg -F will finish successfully if
there is no backup directory.

This patch updates minirepro utility to support the following functions:
1. Dump ddl and stats for multiple queries in a query file
2. Dump ddl of relation that is used in CTE
3. Dump ddl of function that is used in the query
4. Add 2 options: relation-oids and function-oids into pg_dump command line tool

Backport this patch from PostgreSQL 9.0, which replaces the tuple table
array with a linked list of individually palloc'd slots. With that, we
don't need to know the size of the array beforehand, and don't need to
count the slots. The counting was especially funky for subplans in GPDB,
and it was about to change with the upcoming PostgreSQL 8.3 merge again.
This makes it a lot simpler.

I don't plan to backport the follow-up patch to remove the ExecCountSlots
infrastructure. We'll get that later, when we merge with PostgreSQL 9.0.

commit f92e8a4b
Author: Tom Lane <tgl@sss.pgh.pa.us>
Date:   Sun Sep 27 20:09:58 2009 +0000

    Replace the array-style TupleTable data structure with a simple List of
    TupleTableSlot nodes.  This eliminates the need to count in advance
    how many Slots will be needed, which seems more than worth the small
    increase in the amount of palloc traffic during executor startup.

    The ExecCountSlots infrastructure is now all dead code, but I'll remove it
    in a separate commit for clarity.

    Per a comment from Robert Haas.

This reverts much of the changes vs. upstream, related to temp schema
creation. Instead of using the normal CREATE SCHEMA processing to also
create the temporary schema, let InitTempTableNameSpace() to do that
like in the upstream. But in addition to creating the the temp schema
locally, it dispatches a special CreateSchemaStmt command to the
executor nodes, which instructs the executor nodes to also call
InitTempTableNameSpace().

The regression database has grown over time, so that it's just above the
1 GB size that the regression test used as a "sanity check". I think the
new zlib regression test broke the camel's back. Bump it up to 5 GB, giving
us about 4 GB of headroom to grow.

If found inconsistent, the free tid list will be rebuilt automatically during
recovery.  During normal operation, super user may invoke the function
gp_persistent_freelist_rebuild(OID) to rebuild the free list.

A basic test case is added to verify sanity of a free tid list rebuilt using
the function.

Break long elog messages into multiple lines, remove trailing
whitespace and start elog messages with lower case.

This closes #815

This allows removing the weird pfree() of the resultTupleSlot's tuple
descriptor. What would've happened without the pfree() is that the old
slot was allocated in the first ExecAssignScanProjectionInfo() call, in
partitionMemoryContext, and then immediately destroyed when the memory
context was reset. The second call to ExecAssignScanProjectionInfo() tries
to free the slot, again, causing the segfault. But we can avoid that
by this rearrangement of the calls in a cleaner way.

In the passing, clean up the code a bit. I found having separate variables,
indexState and scanState, which point to the same struct, to be confusing.

ss_ScanTupleSlot is not an array, it's a single slot. The slot is allocated
from a bigger array, however, so this trampled over some other slot that was
allocated right after the scan slot. This has apparently been harmless, as
no-one's noticed, but it's surely wrong.

I bumped into this in the PostgreSQL 8.3 merge branch, where I had changed
the way the slots are allocated so that they're not stored in one big array
anymore. This bug led to segfaults in that case.

We had later added code that allows "DEFAULT NULL", by doing a table
rewrite. DEFAULT NULL is really the same as no default, so we might as well
do a table rewrite for that case too, and save the code needed to handle
them differently.

A function might legitimately assume that an argument's varlen datum always
has a 4-byte header, if the datatype is marked as 'plain', and crash if we
then pass it a datum with 1-byte header, because it was packed in a
memtuple. I bumped into this while working on the PostgreSQL 8.3 merge,
because the merge brought us one such function: ts_rewrite().

The one in nodeBitmapHeapScan.c is what the upstream has. The one in
execBitmapHeapScan.c was copied from it in GPDB. No need for the
duplication.

It's not clear to me why we have the execBitmapHeapScan.c file at all,
why not just use all the functions in nodeBitmapHeapScan.c. But I'll
leave investigating that for another day.

This has the effect that gpmapreduce is exempt from logging also when it
uses the extended query protocol (we only to only perform the checks in
exec_simple_query()). That makes no difference in practice, though, because
gpmapreduce doesn't actually use the extended query protocol.

The redefinitions broke the win32 build on Pulse. This was part of
3bc25384 which was backported from
upstream but left this in. This makes the win32 Pulse build green.

This isn't strictly necessary, but makes the code easier to read, IMHO.
And it seems like a very useful property that the index can only exist in
the segments, if it exists in the master.

It seems better to send in compressed form, and decompress in the receiver,
to reduce network I/O. The amount of CPU work required for the
decompression is the same whether its done in the sender or the receiver.
There was even a comment implying that, but for some reason, we didn't do
it that way.

This is in preparation for the PostgreSQL 8.3 merge: The HEAP_COMPRESSED
(and HEAP_HASEXTENDED which included it) flag was removed in PostgreSQL
8.3.

Merging is easier, when the upstream regression test files (create_index)
are as unmodified as possible, and any GPDB added tests are added to
separate files (bitmap_index). Also, the only planner vs. ORCA differences
in output were in the GPDB-added parts of this, so this allows removing
the ORCA alternative expected output file for the create_index test.

Commit dc87e717 moved DataSourceContext to TopTransactionContext, so it
doesn't need to be explicitly destroyed at end of transaction anymore. But
the pointer to it still needs to be reset.

Fixes failures in the external_table regression test.

Per report and analysis by Asim R P.

The existing run() function waits for the process to finish.  On many
occasions, e.g. transaction management tests, it is desirable to leave the
process running in background and check its status later.