a toast table to be built, even if the sum-of-column-widths calculation
indicates one isn't needed.  This is needed by pg_migrator because if the
old table has a toast table, we have to migrate over the toast table since
it might contain some live data, even though subsequent column drops could
mean that no recently-added rows could require toasting.

pgbench_history, and pgbench_tellers, rather than just accounts, branches,
history, and tellers.  This is to prevent accidental conflicts with real
application tables, as has been reported to happen at least once.  Also
remove the automatic "SET search_path = public" that it did at startup,
as this seems to restrict testing flexibility without actually buying much.
Per proposal by Joshua Drake and ensuing discussion.

Joshua Drake and Tom Lane

restrictions specified for semijoins in optimizer/README, to wit that
you can't reassociate outer joins into or out of the RHS of a semijoin.
Per report from Heikki.

you can end up with an unrecoverable backup if you start a new base backup
right after finishing archive recovery. In that scenario, the redo pointer of
the checkpoint that pg_start_backup() writes points to the XLOG segment where
the timeline-changing end-of-archive-recovery checkpoint is. The beginning
of that segment contains pages with the old timeline ID, and we don't accept
that in recovery unless we find a history file covering the old timeline ID.
If you omit pg_xlog from the base backup and clear the archive directory
before starting the backup, there will be no such history file available.

The bug is present in all versions since PITR was introduced in 8.0, but I'm
back-patching only back to 8.2. Earlier versions didn't have XLOG switch
records, making this fix unfeasible. Given the lack of reports until now,
it doesn't seem worthwhile to spend more effort to fix 8.0 and 8.1.

Per report and suggestion by Mikael Krantz

can be pushed to the top of the join tree, we update both the relids and
qualscope variables to keep them in sync.  This prevents a possible later
failure of an Assert clause, and affects nothing else since qualscope isn't
used later except for that Assert.  At the moment the Assert shouldn't be
reachable when we've pushed the qual up; but this is cheap insurance, and
it's more sensible anyway in terms of the overall logic of the routine.
Per analysis of a bug report from Stefan Huehner.

I'm not back-patching this since it's just future-proofing; but if anyone
gets tempted to change check_outerjoin_delay again in the back branches,
this might be needed.

must be used for the new database, except when copying from template0.
This is the same rule that we now enforce for locale settings, and it has
the same motivation: databases other than template0 might contain data that
would be invalid according to a different setting.  This represents another
step in a continuing process of locking down ways in which encoding violations
could occur inside the backend.  Per discussion of a few days ago.

In passing, fix pre-existing breakage of mbregress.sh, and fix up a couple
of ereport() calls in dbcommands.c that failed to specify sqlstate codes.

standard_conforming_strings is on.

locales are database-wide, not server-wide.

affected by CloseHandle() or Sleep().

Every other ereport in scan.l has one, this should too.

will still be performed if something in a backend process calls exit()
directly, instead of going through proc_exit() as we prefer.  This is a second
response to the issue that we might load third-party code that doesn't know it
should not call exit().  Such a call will now cause a reasonably graceful
backend shutdown, if possible.  (Of course, if the reason for the exit() call
is out-of-memory or some such, we might not be able to recover, but at least
we will try.)

a backend has done exit(0) or exit(1) without having disengaged itself
from shared memory.  We are at risk for this whenever third-party code is
loaded into a backend, since such code might not know it's supposed to go
through proc_exit() instead.  Also, it is reported that under Windows
there are ways to externally kill a process that cause the status code
returned to the postmaster to be indistinguishable from a voluntary exit
(thank you, Microsoft).  If this does happen then the system is probably
hosed --- for instance, the dead session might still be holding locks.
So the best recovery method is to treat this like a backend crash.

The dead man switch is armed for a particular child process when it
acquires a regular PGPROC, and disarmed when the PGPROC is released;
these should be the first and last touches of shared memory resources
in a backend, or close enough anyway.  This choice means there is no
coverage for auxiliary processes, but I doubt we need that, since they
shouldn't be executing any user-provided code anyway.

This patch also improves the management of the EXEC_BACKEND
ShmemBackendArray array a bit, by reducing search costs.

Although this problem is of long standing, the lack of field complaints
seems to mean it's not critical enough to risk back-patching; at least
not till we get some more testing of this mechanism.

points where we step right or left to the next page.  This should ensure
reasonable response time to a query cancel request during an unsuccessful
index scan, as seen in recent gripe from Marc Cousin.  It's a bit trickier
than it might seem at first glance, because CHECK_FOR_INTERRUPTS() is a no-op
if executed while holding a buffer lock.  So we have to do it just at the
point where we've dropped one page lock and not yet acquired the next.

Remove CHECK_FOR_INTERRUPTS calls at the top level of btgetbitmap and
hashgetbitmap, since they're pointless given the added checks.

I think that GIST is okay already --- at least, there's a CHECK_FOR_INTERRUPTS
at a plausible-looking place in gistnext().  I don't claim to know GIN well
enough to try to poke it for this, if indeed it has a problem at all.

This is a pre-existing issue, but in view of the lack of prior complaints
I'm not going to risk back-patching.

standard_conforming_strings is not on, for security reasons.

ANALYZE's total sample.  The original coding is at risk of overflow for
statistics targets exceeding about 2675; this was not a problem before
8.4 but it is now.  Per bug #4793 from Dennis Noordsij.

it fails because the shared memory segment already exists. This
means it can take up to 10 seconds before it reports the error
if it *does* exist, but hopefully it will make the system capable
of restarting even when the server is under high load.

volatility columns localizable.

to make sure that the error code is reset, as a precaution in
case the API doesn't properly reset it on success. This could
be necessary, since we check the error value even if the function
doesn't fail for specific success cases.

tree with references to the appropriate URLs.

Robert Haas

whether it failed.  Modelled after catcache.c's usage of DlList, per suggestion
from Tom.

Fujii Masao

a parenthetical remark.

canonicalized.  Avoid the need to elog(FATAL) on out-of-memory.

Patch contributed by Chuck McDevitt

error message if the installation directory layout is messed up (or at least,
something more useful than the behavior exhibited in bug #4787).  During
postmaster startup, check that get_pkglib_path resolves as a readable
directory; and if ParseTzFile() fails to open the expected timezone
abbreviation file, check the possibility that the directory is missing rather
than just the specified file.  In case of either failure, issue a hint
suggesting that the installation is broken.  These two checks cover the lib/
and share/ trees of a full installation, which should take care of most
scenarios where a sysadmin decides to get cute.

as per my recent proposal.  release.sgml itself is now just a stub that should
change rarely; ideally, only once per major release to add a new include line.
Most editing work will occur in the release-N.N.sgml files.  To update a back
branch for a minor release, just copy the appropriate release-N.N.sgml
file(s) into the back branch.

This commit doesn't change the end-product documentation at all, only the
source layout.  However, it makes it easy to start omitting ancient information
from newer branches' documentation, should we ever decide to do that.

never a BEGIN block.  This is required for Oracle compatibility and is
also plainly stated to be the behavior by our original documentation
(up until 8.1, in which the docs were adjusted to match the code's behavior;
but actually the old docs said the correct thing and the code was wrong).

Not back-patched because this introduces an incompatibility that could
break working applications.  Requires release note.

failed to consider the possibility that it would get T_SCALAR, T_RECORD,
or T_ROW instead because the word happens to match a plpgsql variable name.
In particular, give "duplicate declaration" rather than generic "syntax error"
if the same identifier is declared twice in the same block, as per my recent
complaint.  Also behave more sanely when decl_aliasitem or proc_condition or
opt_lblname is coincidentally not T_WORD.  Refactor the related productions a
bit to reduce duplication.

This is a longstanding bug, but it doesn't seem critical enough to
back-patch.

part that rounds up to exactly 1.0 second.  The previous coding rejected input
like "00:12:57.9999999999999999999999999999", with the exact number of nines
needed to cause failure varying depending on float-timestamp option and
possibly on platform.  Obviously this should round up to the next integral
second, if we don't have enough precision to distinguish the value from that.
Per bug #4789 from Robert Kruus.

In passing, fix a missed check for fractional seconds in one copy of the
"is it greater than 24:00:00" code.

Broken all the way back, so patch all the way back.

leftover unused variables.

Laurent Laborde

keyword lists in gram.y and kwlist.h. It checks that all lists are in
alphabetical order, and that all keywords present in gram.y are listed
in kwlist.h in the right category, and that all keywords in kwlist.h are
also in gram.y. What's still missing is to check that all keywords
defined  with "%token <keyword>" in gram.y are present in one of the
keyword lists in gram.y.

PlaceHolderVar nodes in join quals appearing in or below the lowest
outer join that could null the subquery being pulled up.  This improves
the planner's ability to recognize constant join quals, and probably
helps with detection of common sort keys (equivalence classes) as well.