guc.c

/*--------------------------------------------------------------------
 * guc.c
 *
 * Support for grand unified configuration scheme, including SET
 * command, configuration file, and command line options.
 * See src/backend/utils/misc/README for more information.
 *
 *
 * Copyright (c) 2000-2005, PostgreSQL Global Development Group
 * Written by Peter Eisentraut <peter_e@gmx.net>.
 *
 * IDENTIFICATION
 *	  $PostgreSQL: pgsql/src/backend/utils/misc/guc.c,v 1.292 2005/10/14 20:53:56 tgl Exp $
 *
 *--------------------------------------------------------------------
 */
#include "postgres.h"

#include <ctype.h>
#include <float.h>
#include <limits.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#ifdef HAVE_SYSLOG
#include <syslog.h>
#endif

#include "utils/guc.h"
#include "utils/guc_tables.h"

#include "access/twophase.h"
#include "catalog/namespace.h"
#include "catalog/pg_type.h"
#include "commands/async.h"
#include "commands/variable.h"
#include "commands/vacuum.h"
#include "executor/executor.h"
#include "fmgr.h"
#include "funcapi.h"
#include "libpq/auth.h"
#include "libpq/pqcomm.h"
#include "libpq/pqformat.h"
#include "mb/pg_wchar.h"
#include "miscadmin.h"
#include "optimizer/cost.h"
#include "optimizer/geqo.h"
#include "optimizer/paths.h"
#include "optimizer/prep.h"
#include "parser/parse_expr.h"
#include "parser/parse_relation.h"
#include "postmaster/autovacuum.h"
#include "postmaster/bgwriter.h"
#include "postmaster/syslogger.h"
#include "postmaster/postmaster.h"
#include "storage/bufmgr.h"
#include "storage/fd.h"
#include "storage/freespace.h"
#include "storage/lock.h"
#include "storage/proc.h"
#include "tcop/tcopprot.h"
#include "utils/array.h"
#include "utils/builtins.h"
#include "utils/memutils.h"
#include "utils/pg_locale.h"
#include "pgstat.h"


#ifndef PG_KRB_SRVTAB
#define PG_KRB_SRVTAB ""
#endif
#ifndef PG_KRB_SRVNAM
#define PG_KRB_SRVNAM ""
#endif

#define CONFIG_FILENAME	"postgresql.conf"
#define HBA_FILENAME	"pg_hba.conf"
#define IDENT_FILENAME	"pg_ident.conf"

#ifdef EXEC_BACKEND
#define CONFIG_EXEC_PARAMS "global/config_exec_params"
#define CONFIG_EXEC_PARAMS_NEW "global/config_exec_params.new"
#endif

/* upper limit for GUC variables measured in kilobytes of memory */
#if SIZEOF_SIZE_T > 4
#define MAX_KILOBYTES	INT_MAX
#else
#define MAX_KILOBYTES	(INT_MAX / 1024)
#endif

/* XXX these should appear in other modules' header files */
extern bool Log_disconnections;
extern DLLIMPORT bool check_function_bodies;
extern int	CommitDelay;
extern int	CommitSiblings;
extern char *default_tablespace;
extern bool	fullPageWrites;
#ifdef TRACE_SORT
extern bool	trace_sort;
#endif

static const char *assign_log_destination(const char *value,
					   bool doit, GucSource source);

#ifdef HAVE_SYSLOG
static int	syslog_facility = LOG_LOCAL0;

static const char *assign_syslog_facility(const char *facility,
				bool doit, GucSource source);
static const char *assign_syslog_ident(const char *ident,
				bool doit, GucSource source);
#endif

static const char *assign_defaultxactisolevel(const char *newval, bool doit,
						   GucSource source);
static const char *assign_log_min_messages(const char *newval, bool doit,
						GucSource source);
static const char *assign_client_min_messages(const char *newval,
						   bool doit, GucSource source);
static const char *assign_min_error_statement(const char *newval, bool doit,
						   GucSource source);
static const char *assign_msglvl(int *var, const char *newval, bool doit,
			  GucSource source);
static const char *assign_log_error_verbosity(const char *newval, bool doit,
						   GucSource source);
static const char *assign_log_statement(const char *newval, bool doit,
					 GucSource source);
static const char *show_num_temp_buffers(void);
static bool assign_phony_autocommit(bool newval, bool doit, GucSource source);
static const char *assign_custom_variable_classes(const char *newval, bool doit,
							   GucSource source);
static bool assign_stage_log_stats(bool newval, bool doit, GucSource source);
static bool assign_log_stats(bool newval, bool doit, GucSource source);
static bool assign_transaction_read_only(bool newval, bool doit, GucSource source);
static const char *assign_canonical_path(const char *newval, bool doit, GucSource source);

static bool assign_tcp_keepalives_idle(int newval, bool doit, GucSource source);
static bool assign_tcp_keepalives_interval(int newval, bool doit, GucSource source);
static bool assign_tcp_keepalives_count(int newval, bool doit, GucSource source);
static const char *show_tcp_keepalives_idle(void);
static const char *show_tcp_keepalives_interval(void);
static const char *show_tcp_keepalives_count(void);

/*
 * GUC option variables that are exported from this module
 */
#ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
bool		assert_enabled = true;
#endif
bool		log_duration = false;
bool		Debug_print_plan = false;
bool		Debug_print_parse = false;
bool		Debug_print_rewritten = false;
bool		Debug_pretty_print = false;
bool		Explain_pretty_print = true;

bool		log_parser_stats = false;
bool		log_planner_stats = false;
bool		log_executor_stats = false;
bool		log_statement_stats = false;		/* this is sort of all
												 * three above together */
bool		log_btree_build_stats = false;

bool		SQL_inheritance = true;

bool		Australian_timezones = false;

bool		Password_encryption = true;

bool		default_with_oids = false;

int			log_min_error_statement = PANIC;
int			log_min_messages = NOTICE;
int			client_min_messages = NOTICE;
int			log_min_duration_statement = -1;

int			num_temp_buffers = 1000;

char	   *ConfigFileName;
char	   *HbaFileName;
char	   *IdentFileName;
char	   *external_pid_file;

int         tcp_keepalives_idle;
int         tcp_keepalives_interval;
int         tcp_keepalives_count;

/*
 * These variables are all dummies that don't do anything, except in some
 * cases provide the value for SHOW to display.  The real state is elsewhere
 * and is kept in sync by assign_hooks.
 */
static char *client_min_messages_str;
static char *log_min_messages_str;
static char *log_error_verbosity_str;
static char *log_statement_str;
static char *log_min_error_statement_str;
static char *log_destination_string;
static char *syslog_facility_str;
static char *syslog_ident_str;
static bool phony_autocommit;
static bool session_auth_is_superuser;
static double phony_random_seed;
static char *client_encoding_string;
static char *datestyle_string;
static char *default_iso_level_string;
static char *locale_collate;
static char *locale_ctype;
static char *regex_flavor_string;
static char *server_encoding_string;
static char *server_version_string;
static char *timezone_string;
static char *XactIsoLevel_string;
static char *data_directory;
static char *custom_variable_classes;
static int	max_function_args;
static int	max_index_keys;
static int	max_identifier_length;
static int	block_size;
static bool	integer_datetimes;
static bool	standard_conforming_strings;

/* should be static, but commands/variable.c needs to get at these */
char	   *role_string;
char	   *session_authorization_string;


/*
 * Displayable names for context types (enum GucContext)
 *
 * Note: these strings are deliberately not localized.
 */
const char *const GucContext_Names[] =
{
	 /* PGC_INTERNAL */ "internal",
	 /* PGC_POSTMASTER */ "postmaster",
	 /* PGC_SIGHUP */ "sighup",
	 /* PGC_BACKEND */ "backend",
	 /* PGC_SUSET */ "superuser",
	 /* PGC_USERSET */ "user"
};

/*
 * Displayable names for source types (enum GucSource)
 *
 * Note: these strings are deliberately not localized.
 */
const char *const GucSource_Names[] =
{
	 /* PGC_S_DEFAULT */ "default",
	 /* PGC_S_ENV_VAR */ "environment variable",
	 /* PGC_S_FILE */ "configuration file",
	 /* PGC_S_ARGV */ "command line",
	 /* PGC_S_DATABASE */ "database",
	 /* PGC_S_USER */ "user",
	 /* PGC_S_CLIENT */ "client",
	 /* PGC_S_OVERRIDE */ "override",
	 /* PGC_S_INTERACTIVE */ "interactive",
	 /* PGC_S_TEST */ "test",
	 /* PGC_S_SESSION */ "session"
};

/*
 * Displayable names for the groupings defined in enum config_group
 */
const char *const config_group_names[] =
{
	/* UNGROUPED */
	gettext_noop("Ungrouped"),
	/* FILE_LOCATIONS */
	gettext_noop("File Locations"),
	/* CONN_AUTH */
	gettext_noop("Connections and Authentication"),
	/* CONN_AUTH_SETTINGS */
	gettext_noop("Connections and Authentication / Connection Settings"),
	/* CONN_AUTH_SECURITY */
	gettext_noop("Connections and Authentication / Security and Authentication"),
	/* RESOURCES */
	gettext_noop("Resource Usage"),
	/* RESOURCES_MEM */
	gettext_noop("Resource Usage / Memory"),
	/* RESOURCES_FSM */
	gettext_noop("Resource Usage / Free Space Map"),
	/* RESOURCES_KERNEL */
	gettext_noop("Resource Usage / Kernel Resources"),
	/* WAL */
	gettext_noop("Write-Ahead Log"),
	/* WAL_SETTINGS */
	gettext_noop("Write-Ahead Log / Settings"),
	/* WAL_CHECKPOINTS */
	gettext_noop("Write-Ahead Log / Checkpoints"),
	/* QUERY_TUNING */
	gettext_noop("Query Tuning"),
	/* QUERY_TUNING_METHOD */
	gettext_noop("Query Tuning / Planner Method Configuration"),
	/* QUERY_TUNING_COST */
	gettext_noop("Query Tuning / Planner Cost Constants"),
	/* QUERY_TUNING_GEQO */
	gettext_noop("Query Tuning / Genetic Query Optimizer"),
	/* QUERY_TUNING_OTHER */
	gettext_noop("Query Tuning / Other Planner Options"),
	/* LOGGING */
	gettext_noop("Reporting and Logging"),
	/* LOGGING_WHERE */
	gettext_noop("Reporting and Logging / Where to Log"),
	/* LOGGING_WHEN */
	gettext_noop("Reporting and Logging / When to Log"),
	/* LOGGING_WHAT */
	gettext_noop("Reporting and Logging / What to Log"),
	/* STATS */
	gettext_noop("Statistics"),
	/* STATS_MONITORING */
	gettext_noop("Statistics / Monitoring"),
	/* STATS_COLLECTOR */
	gettext_noop("Statistics / Query and Index Statistics Collector"),
	/* AUTOVACUUM */
	gettext_noop("Auto Vacuum"),
	/* CLIENT_CONN */
	gettext_noop("Client Connection Defaults"),
	/* CLIENT_CONN_STATEMENT */
	gettext_noop("Client Connection Defaults / Statement Behavior"),
	/* CLIENT_CONN_LOCALE */
	gettext_noop("Client Connection Defaults / Locale and Formatting"),
	/* CLIENT_CONN_OTHER */
	gettext_noop("Client Connection Defaults / Other Defaults"),
	/* LOCK_MANAGEMENT */
	gettext_noop("Lock Management"),
	/* COMPAT_OPTIONS */
	gettext_noop("Version and Platform Compatibility"),
	/* COMPAT_OPTIONS_PREVIOUS */
	gettext_noop("Version and Platform Compatibility / Previous PostgreSQL Versions"),
	/* COMPAT_OPTIONS_CLIENT */
	gettext_noop("Version and Platform Compatibility / Other Platforms and Clients"),
	/* PRESET_OPTIONS */
	gettext_noop("Preset Options"),
	/* CUSTOM_OPTIONS */
	gettext_noop("Customized Options"),
	/* DEVELOPER_OPTIONS */
	gettext_noop("Developer Options"),
	/* help_config wants this array to be null-terminated */
	NULL
};

/*
 * Displayable names for GUC variable types (enum config_type)
 *
 * Note: these strings are deliberately not localized.
 */
const char *const config_type_names[] =
{
	 /* PGC_BOOL */ "bool",
	 /* PGC_INT */ "integer",
	 /* PGC_REAL */ "real",
	 /* PGC_STRING */ "string"
};


/*
 * Contents of GUC tables
 *
 * See src/backend/utils/misc/README for design notes.
 *
 * TO ADD AN OPTION:
 *
 * 1. Declare a global variable of type bool, int, double, or char*
 *	  and make use of it.
 *
 * 2. Decide at what times it's safe to set the option. See guc.h for
 *	  details.
 *
 * 3. Decide on a name, a default value, upper and lower bounds (if
 *	  applicable), etc.
 *
 * 4. Add a record below.
 *
 * 5. Add it to src/backend/utils/misc/postgresql.conf.sample, if
 *	  appropriate
 *
 * 6. Add it to src/bin/psql/tab-complete.c, if it's a USERSET option.
 *
 * 7. Don't forget to document the option.
 *
 * 8. If it's a new GUC_LIST option you must edit pg_dumpall.c to ensure
 *	  it is not single quoted at dump time.
 */


/******** option records follow ********/

static struct config_bool ConfigureNamesBool[] =
{
	{
		{"enable_seqscan", PGC_USERSET, QUERY_TUNING_METHOD,
			gettext_noop("Enables the planner's use of sequential-scan plans."),
			NULL
		},
		&enable_seqscan,
		true, NULL, NULL
	},
	{
		{"enable_indexscan", PGC_USERSET, QUERY_TUNING_METHOD,
			gettext_noop("Enables the planner's use of index-scan plans."),
			NULL
		},
		&enable_indexscan,
		true, NULL, NULL
	},
	{
		{"enable_bitmapscan", PGC_USERSET, QUERY_TUNING_METHOD,
			gettext_noop("Enables the planner's use of bitmap-scan plans."),
			NULL
		},
		&enable_bitmapscan,
		true, NULL, NULL
	},
	{
		{"enable_tidscan", PGC_USERSET, QUERY_TUNING_METHOD,
			gettext_noop("Enables the planner's use of TID scan plans."),
			NULL
		},
		&enable_tidscan,
		true, NULL, NULL
	},
	{
		{"enable_sort", PGC_USERSET, QUERY_TUNING_METHOD,
			gettext_noop("Enables the planner's use of explicit sort steps."),
			NULL
		},
		&enable_sort,
		true, NULL, NULL
	},
	{
		{"enable_hashagg", PGC_USERSET, QUERY_TUNING_METHOD,
			gettext_noop("Enables the planner's use of hashed aggregation plans."),
			NULL
		},
		&enable_hashagg,
		true, NULL, NULL
	},
	{
		{"enable_nestloop", PGC_USERSET, QUERY_TUNING_METHOD,
			gettext_noop("Enables the planner's use of nested-loop join plans."),
			NULL
		},
		&enable_nestloop,
		true, NULL, NULL
	},
	{
		{"enable_mergejoin", PGC_USERSET, QUERY_TUNING_METHOD,
			gettext_noop("Enables the planner's use of merge join plans."),
			NULL
		},
		&enable_mergejoin,
		true, NULL, NULL
	},
	{
		{"enable_hashjoin", PGC_USERSET, QUERY_TUNING_METHOD,
			gettext_noop("Enables the planner's use of hash join plans."),
			NULL
		},
		&enable_hashjoin,
		true, NULL, NULL
	},
	{
		{"constraint_exclusion", PGC_USERSET, QUERY_TUNING_OTHER,
			gettext_noop("Enables the planner to use constraints to limit table access."),
			gettext_noop("This prevents table access if the table constraints "
						 "guarantee that table access is necessary.")
		},
		&constraint_exclusion,
		false, NULL, NULL
	},
	{
		{"geqo", PGC_USERSET, QUERY_TUNING_GEQO,
			gettext_noop("Enables genetic query optimization."),
			gettext_noop("This algorithm attempts to do planning without "
						 "exhaustive searching.")
		},
		&enable_geqo,
		true, NULL, NULL
	},
	{
		/* Not for general use --- used by SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION */
		{"is_superuser", PGC_INTERNAL, UNGROUPED,
			gettext_noop("Shows whether the current user is a superuser."),
			NULL,
			GUC_REPORT | GUC_NO_SHOW_ALL | GUC_NO_RESET_ALL | GUC_NOT_IN_SAMPLE | GUC_DISALLOW_IN_FILE
		},
		&session_auth_is_superuser,
		false, NULL, NULL
	},
	{
		{"ssl", PGC_POSTMASTER, CONN_AUTH_SECURITY,
			gettext_noop("Enables SSL connections."),
			NULL
		},
		&EnableSSL,
		false, NULL, NULL
	},
	{
		{"fsync", PGC_SIGHUP, WAL_SETTINGS,
			gettext_noop("Forces synchronization of updates to disk."),
			gettext_noop("The server will use the fsync() system call in several places to make "
						 "sure that updates are physically written to disk. This insures "
						 "that a database cluster will recover to a consistent state after "
						 "an operating system or hardware crash.")
		},
		&enableFsync,
		true, NULL, NULL
	},
	{
		{"zero_damaged_pages", PGC_SUSET, DEVELOPER_OPTIONS,
			gettext_noop("Continues processing past damaged page headers."),
			gettext_noop("Detection of a damaged page header normally causes PostgreSQL to "
			"report an error, aborting the current transaction. Setting "
						 "zero_damaged_pages to true causes the system to instead report a "
						 "warning, zero out the damaged page, and continue processing. This "
						 "behavior will destroy data, namely all the rows on the damaged page."),
			GUC_NOT_IN_SAMPLE
		},
		&zero_damaged_pages,
		false, NULL, NULL
	},
	{
		{"full_page_writes", PGC_SIGHUP, WAL_SETTINGS,
			gettext_noop("Writes full pages to WAL when first modified after a checkpoint."),
			gettext_noop("A page write in process during an operating system crash might be "
						 "only partially written to disk.  During recovery, the row changes"
						 "stored in WAL are not enough to recover.  This option writes "
						 "pages when first modified after a checkpoint to WAL so full recovery "
						 "is possible.")
		},
		&fullPageWrites,
		true, NULL, NULL
	},
	{
		{"silent_mode", PGC_POSTMASTER, LOGGING_WHEN,
			gettext_noop("Runs the server silently."),
			gettext_noop("If this parameter is set, the server will automatically run in the "
			 "background and any controlling terminals are dissociated.")
		},
		&SilentMode,
		false, NULL, NULL
	},
	{
		{"log_connections", PGC_BACKEND, LOGGING_WHAT,
			gettext_noop("Logs each successful connection."),
			NULL
		},
		&Log_connections,
		false, NULL, NULL
	},
	{
		{"log_disconnections", PGC_BACKEND, LOGGING_WHAT,
			gettext_noop("Logs end of a session, including duration."),
			NULL
		},
		&Log_disconnections,
		false, NULL, NULL
	},

#ifdef USE_ASSERT_CHECKING
	{
		{"debug_assertions", PGC_USERSET, DEVELOPER_OPTIONS,
			gettext_noop("Turns on various assertion checks."),
			gettext_noop("This is a debugging aid."),
			GUC_NOT_IN_SAMPLE
		},
		&assert_enabled,
		true, NULL, NULL
	},
#endif

	{
		/* currently undocumented, so don't show in SHOW ALL */
		{"exit_on_error", PGC_USERSET, UNGROUPED,
			gettext_noop("no description available"),
			NULL,
			GUC_NO_SHOW_ALL | GUC_NOT_IN_SAMPLE
		},
		&ExitOnAnyError,
		false, NULL, NULL
	},
	{
		{"log_duration", PGC_SUSET, LOGGING_WHAT,
			gettext_noop("Logs the duration of each completed SQL statement."),
			NULL
		},
		&log_duration,
		false, NULL, NULL
	},
	{
		{"debug_print_parse", PGC_USERSET, LOGGING_WHAT,
			gettext_noop("Prints the parse tree to the server log."),
			NULL
		},
		&Debug_print_parse,
		false, NULL, NULL
	},
	{
		{"debug_print_rewritten", PGC_USERSET, LOGGING_WHAT,
			gettext_noop("Prints the parse tree after rewriting to server log."),
			NULL
		},
		&Debug_print_rewritten,
		false, NULL, NULL
	},
	{
		{"debug_print_plan", PGC_USERSET, LOGGING_WHAT,
			gettext_noop("Prints the execution plan to server log."),
			NULL
		},
		&Debug_print_plan,
		false, NULL, NULL
	},
	{
		{"debug_pretty_print", PGC_USERSET, LOGGING_WHAT,
			gettext_noop("Indents parse and plan tree displays."),
			NULL
		},
		&Debug_pretty_print,
		false, NULL, NULL
	},
	{
		{"log_parser_stats", PGC_SUSET, STATS_MONITORING,
			gettext_noop("Writes parser performance statistics to the server log."),
			NULL
		},
		&log_parser_stats,
		false, assign_stage_log_stats, NULL
	},
	{
		{"log_planner_stats", PGC_SUSET, STATS_MONITORING,
			gettext_noop("Writes planner performance statistics to the server log."),
			NULL
		},
		&log_planner_stats,
		false, assign_stage_log_stats, NULL
	},
	{
		{"log_executor_stats", PGC_SUSET, STATS_MONITORING,
			gettext_noop("Writes executor performance statistics to the server log."),
			NULL
		},
		&log_executor_stats,
		false, assign_stage_log_stats, NULL
	},
	{
		{"log_statement_stats", PGC_SUSET, STATS_MONITORING,
			gettext_noop("Writes cumulative performance statistics to the server log."),
			NULL
		},
		&log_statement_stats,
		false, assign_log_stats, NULL
	},
#ifdef BTREE_BUILD_STATS
	{
		{"log_btree_build_stats", PGC_SUSET, DEVELOPER_OPTIONS,
			gettext_noop("no description available"),
			NULL,
			GUC_NOT_IN_SAMPLE
		},
		&log_btree_build_stats,
		false, NULL, NULL
	},
#endif

	{
		{"explain_pretty_print", PGC_USERSET, CLIENT_CONN_OTHER,
			gettext_noop("Uses the indented output format for EXPLAIN VERBOSE."),
			NULL
		},
		&Explain_pretty_print,
		true, NULL, NULL
	},
	{
		{"stats_start_collector", PGC_POSTMASTER, STATS_COLLECTOR,
			gettext_noop("Starts the server statistics-collection subprocess."),
			NULL
		},
		&pgstat_collect_startcollector,
		true, NULL, NULL
	},
	{
		{"stats_reset_on_server_start", PGC_POSTMASTER, STATS_COLLECTOR,
			gettext_noop("Zeroes collected statistics on server restart."),
			NULL
		},
		&pgstat_collect_resetonpmstart,
		false, NULL, NULL
	},
	{
		{"stats_command_string", PGC_SUSET, STATS_COLLECTOR,
			gettext_noop("Collects statistics about executing commands."),
			gettext_noop("Enables the collection of statistics on the currently "
				"executing command of each session, along with the time "
						 "at which that command began execution.")
		},
		&pgstat_collect_querystring,
		false, NULL, NULL
	},
	{
		{"stats_row_level", PGC_SUSET, STATS_COLLECTOR,
			gettext_noop("Collects row-level statistics on database activity."),
			NULL
		},
		&pgstat_collect_tuplelevel,
		false, NULL, NULL
	},
	{
		{"stats_block_level", PGC_SUSET, STATS_COLLECTOR,
			gettext_noop("Collects block-level statistics on database activity."),
			NULL
		},
		&pgstat_collect_blocklevel,
		false, NULL, NULL
	},

	{
		{"autovacuum", PGC_SIGHUP, AUTOVACUUM,
			gettext_noop("Starts the auto vacuum subprocess."),
			NULL
		},
		&autovacuum_start_daemon,
		false, NULL, NULL	 
	},

	{
		{"trace_notify", PGC_USERSET, DEVELOPER_OPTIONS,
			gettext_noop("Generates debugging output for LISTEN and NOTIFY."),
			NULL,
			GUC_NOT_IN_SAMPLE
		},
		&Trace_notify,
		false, NULL, NULL
	},

#ifdef LOCK_DEBUG
	{
		{"trace_locks", PGC_SUSET, DEVELOPER_OPTIONS,
			gettext_noop("no description available"),
			NULL,
			GUC_NOT_IN_SAMPLE
		},
		&Trace_locks,
		false, NULL, NULL
	},
	{
		{"trace_userlocks", PGC_SUSET, DEVELOPER_OPTIONS,
			gettext_noop("no description available"),
			NULL,
			GUC_NOT_IN_SAMPLE
		},
		&Trace_userlocks,
		false, NULL, NULL
	},
	{
		{"trace_lwlocks", PGC_SUSET, DEVELOPER_OPTIONS,
			gettext_noop("no description available"),
			NULL,
			GUC_NOT_IN_SAMPLE
		},
		&Trace_lwlocks,
		false, NULL, NULL
	},
	{
		{"debug_deadlocks", PGC_SUSET, DEVELOPER_OPTIONS,
			gettext_noop("no description available"),
			NULL,
			GUC_NOT_IN_SAMPLE
		},
		&Debug_deadlocks,
		false, NULL, NULL
	},
#endif

	{
		{"log_hostname", PGC_SIGHUP, LOGGING_WHAT,
			gettext_noop("Logs the host name in the connection logs."),
			gettext_noop("By default, connection logs only show the IP address "
						 "of the connecting host. If you want them to show the host name you "
						 "can turn this on, but depending on your host name resolution "
			"setup it might impose a non-negligible performance penalty.")
		},
		&log_hostname,
		false, NULL, NULL
	},
	{
		{"sql_inheritance", PGC_USERSET, COMPAT_OPTIONS_PREVIOUS,
			gettext_noop("Causes subtables to be included by default in various commands."),
			NULL
		},
		&SQL_inheritance,
		true, NULL, NULL
	},
	{
		{"australian_timezones", PGC_USERSET, CLIENT_CONN_LOCALE,
			gettext_noop("Interprets ACST, CST, EST, and SAT as Australian time zones."),
			gettext_noop("Otherwise they are interpreted as North/South American "
						 "time zones and Saturday.")
		},
		&Australian_timezones,
		false, ClearDateCache, NULL
	},
	{
		{"password_encryption", PGC_USERSET, CONN_AUTH_SECURITY,
			gettext_noop("Encrypt passwords."),
			gettext_noop("When a password is specified in CREATE USER or "
			"ALTER USER without writing either ENCRYPTED or UNENCRYPTED, "
						 "this parameter determines whether the password is to be encrypted.")
		},
		&Password_encryption,
		true, NULL, NULL
	},
	{
		{"transform_null_equals", PGC_USERSET, COMPAT_OPTIONS_CLIENT,
			gettext_noop("Treats \"expr=NULL\" as \"expr IS NULL\"."),
			gettext_noop("When turned on, expressions of the form expr = NULL "
			"(or NULL = expr) are treated as expr IS NULL, that is, they "
			"return true if expr evaluates to the null value, and false "
			"otherwise. The correct behavior of expr = NULL is to always "
						 "return null (unknown).")
		},
		&Transform_null_equals,
		false, NULL, NULL
	},
	{
		{"db_user_namespace", PGC_SIGHUP, CONN_AUTH_SECURITY,
			gettext_noop("Enables per-database user names."),
			NULL
		},
		&Db_user_namespace,
		false, NULL, NULL
	},
	{
		/* only here for backwards compatibility */
		{"autocommit", PGC_USERSET, CLIENT_CONN_STATEMENT,
			gettext_noop("This parameter doesn't do anything."),
			gettext_noop("It's just here so that we won't choke on SET AUTOCOMMIT TO ON from 7.3-vintage clients."),
			GUC_NO_SHOW_ALL | GUC_NOT_IN_SAMPLE
		},
		&phony_autocommit,
		true, assign_phony_autocommit, NULL
	},
	{
		{"default_transaction_read_only", PGC_USERSET, CLIENT_CONN_STATEMENT,
			gettext_noop("Sets the default read-only status of new transactions."),
			NULL
		},
		&DefaultXactReadOnly,
		false, NULL, NULL
	},
	{
		{"transaction_read_only", PGC_USERSET, CLIENT_CONN_STATEMENT,
			gettext_noop("Sets the current transaction's read-only status."),
			NULL,
			GUC_NO_RESET_ALL | GUC_NOT_IN_SAMPLE | GUC_DISALLOW_IN_FILE
		},
		&XactReadOnly,
		false, assign_transaction_read_only, NULL
	},
	{
		{"add_missing_from", PGC_USERSET, COMPAT_OPTIONS_PREVIOUS,
			gettext_noop("Automatically adds missing table references to FROM clauses."),
			NULL
		},
		&add_missing_from,
		false, NULL, NULL
	},
	{
		{"check_function_bodies", PGC_USERSET, CLIENT_CONN_STATEMENT,
			gettext_noop("Check function bodies during CREATE FUNCTION."),
			NULL
		},
		&check_function_bodies,
		true, NULL, NULL
	},
	{
		{"default_with_oids", PGC_USERSET, COMPAT_OPTIONS_PREVIOUS,
			gettext_noop("Create new tables with OIDs by default."),
			NULL
		},
		&default_with_oids,
		false, NULL, NULL
	},
	{
		{"redirect_stderr", PGC_POSTMASTER, LOGGING_WHERE,
			gettext_noop("Start a subprocess to capture stderr output into log files."),
			NULL
		},
		&Redirect_stderr,
		false, NULL, NULL
	},
	{
		{"log_truncate_on_rotation", PGC_SIGHUP, LOGGING_WHERE,
			gettext_noop("Truncate existing log files of same name during log rotation."),
			NULL
		},
		&Log_truncate_on_rotation,
		false, NULL, NULL
	},

#ifdef TRACE_SORT
	{
		{"trace_sort", PGC_USERSET, DEVELOPER_OPTIONS,
			gettext_noop("Emit information about resource usage in sorting."),
			NULL,
			GUC_NOT_IN_SAMPLE
		},
		&trace_sort,
		false, NULL, NULL
	},
#endif

#ifdef WAL_DEBUG
	{
		{"wal_debug", PGC_SUSET, DEVELOPER_OPTIONS,
			gettext_noop("Emit WAL-related debugging output."),
			NULL,
			GUC_NOT_IN_SAMPLE
		},
		&XLOG_DEBUG,
		false, NULL, NULL
	},
#endif

	{
		{"integer_datetimes", PGC_INTERNAL, PRESET_OPTIONS,
			gettext_noop("Datetimes are integer based."),
			NULL,
			GUC_REPORT | GUC_NOT_IN_SAMPLE | GUC_DISALLOW_IN_FILE
		},
		&integer_datetimes,
#ifdef HAVE_INT64_TIMESTAMP
		true, NULL, NULL
#else
		false, NULL, NULL
#endif
	},

	{
		{"krb_caseins_users", PGC_POSTMASTER, CONN_AUTH_SECURITY,
			gettext_noop("Sets whether Kerberos user names should be treated as case-insensitive."),
			NULL
		},
		&pg_krb_caseins_users,
		false, NULL, NULL
	},

	{
		{"escape_string_warning", PGC_USERSET, COMPAT_OPTIONS_PREVIOUS,
			gettext_noop("Warn about backslash escapes in ordinary string literals."),
			NULL
		},
		&escape_string_warning,
		false, NULL, NULL
	},

	{
		{"standard_conforming_strings", PGC_INTERNAL, PRESET_OPTIONS,
			gettext_noop("'...' strings treat backslashes literally."),
			NULL,
			GUC_REPORT | GUC_NOT_IN_SAMPLE | GUC_DISALLOW_IN_FILE
		},
		&standard_conforming_strings,
		false, NULL, NULL
	},

	/* End-of-list marker */
	{
		{NULL, 0, 0, NULL, NULL}, NULL, false, NULL, NULL
	}
};


static struct config_int ConfigureNamesInt[] =
{
	{
		{"default_statistics_target", PGC_USERSET, QUERY_TUNING_OTHER,
			gettext_noop("Sets the default statistics target."),
			gettext_noop("This applies to table columns that have not had a "
			"column-specific target set via ALTER TABLE SET STATISTICS.")
		},
		&default_statistics_target,
		10, 1, 1000, NULL, NULL
	},
	{
		{"from_collapse_limit", PGC_USERSET, QUERY_TUNING_OTHER,
			gettext_noop("Sets the FROM-list size beyond which subqueries are not "
						 "collapsed."),
			gettext_noop("The planner will merge subqueries into upper "
			"queries if the resulting FROM list would have no more than "
						 "this many items.")
		},
		&from_collapse_limit,
		8, 1, INT_MAX, NULL, NULL
	},
	{
		{"join_collapse_limit", PGC_USERSET, QUERY_TUNING_OTHER,
			gettext_noop("Sets the FROM-list size beyond which JOIN constructs are not "
						 "flattened."),
			gettext_noop("The planner will flatten explicit inner JOIN "
						 "constructs into lists of FROM items whenever a list of no more "
						 "than this many items would result.")
		},
		&join_collapse_limit,
		8, 1, INT_MAX, NULL, NULL
	},
	{
		{"geqo_threshold", PGC_USERSET, QUERY_TUNING_GEQO,
			gettext_noop("Sets the threshold of FROM items beyond which GEQO is used."),
			NULL
		},
		&geqo_threshold,
		12, 2, INT_MAX, NULL, NULL
	},
	{
		{"geqo_effort", PGC_USERSET, QUERY_TUNING_GEQO,
			gettext_noop("GEQO: effort is used to set the default for other GEQO parameters."),
			NULL
		},
		&Geqo_effort,
		DEFAULT_GEQO_EFFORT, MIN_GEQO_EFFORT, MAX_GEQO_EFFORT, NULL, NULL
	},
	{
		{"geqo_pool_size", PGC_USERSET, QUERY_TUNING_GEQO,
			gettext_noop("GEQO: number of individuals in the population."),
			gettext_noop("Zero selects a suitable default value.")
		},
		&Geqo_pool_size,
		0, 0, INT_MAX, NULL, NULL
	},
	{
		{"geqo_generations", PGC_USERSET, QUERY_TUNING_GEQO,
			gettext_noop("GEQO: number of iterations of the algorithm."),
			gettext_noop("Zero selects a suitable default value.")
		},
		&Geqo_generations,
		0, 0, INT_MAX, NULL, NULL
	},

	{
		{"deadlock_timeout", PGC_SIGHUP, LOCK_MANAGEMENT,
			gettext_noop("The time in milliseconds to wait on lock before checking for deadlock."),
			NULL
		},
		&DeadlockTimeout,
		1000, 0, INT_MAX, NULL, NULL
	},

	/*
	 * Note: There is some postprocessing done in PostmasterMain() to make
	 * sure the buffers are at least twice the number of backends, so the
	 * constraints here are partially unused. Similarly, the superuser
	 * reserved number is checked to ensure it is less than the max
	 * backends number.
	 *
	 * MaxBackends is limited to INT_MAX/4 because some places compute
	 * 4*MaxBackends without any overflow check.  Likewise we have to
	 * limit NBuffers to INT_MAX/2.
	 */
	{
		{"max_connections", PGC_POSTMASTER, CONN_AUTH_SETTINGS,
			gettext_noop("Sets the maximum number of concurrent connections."),
			NULL
		},
		&MaxBackends,
		100, 1, INT_MAX / 4, NULL, NULL
	},

	{
		{"superuser_reserved_connections", PGC_POSTMASTER, CONN_AUTH_SETTINGS,
			gettext_noop("Sets the number of connection slots reserved for superusers."),
			NULL
		},
		&ReservedBackends,
		2, 0, INT_MAX / 4, NULL, NULL
	},

	{
		{"shared_buffers", PGC_POSTMASTER, RESOURCES_MEM,
			gettext_noop("Sets the number of shared memory buffers used by the server."),
			NULL
		},
		&NBuffers,
		1000, 16, INT_MAX / 2, NULL, NULL
	},

	{
		{"temp_buffers", PGC_USERSET, RESOURCES_MEM,
			gettext_noop("Sets the maximum number of temporary buffers used by each session."),
			NULL
		},
		&num_temp_buffers,
		1000, 100, INT_MAX / 2, NULL, show_num_temp_buffers
	},

	{
		{"port", PGC_POSTMASTER, CONN_AUTH_SETTINGS,
			gettext_noop("Sets the TCP port the server listens on."),
			NULL
		},
		&PostPortNumber,
		DEF_PGPORT, 1, 65535, NULL, NULL
	},

	{
		{"unix_socket_permissions", PGC_POSTMASTER, CONN_AUTH_SETTINGS,
			gettext_noop("Sets the access permissions of the Unix-domain socket."),
			gettext_noop("Unix-domain sockets use the usual Unix file system "
						 "permission set. The parameter value is expected to be an numeric mode "
						 "specification in the form accepted by the chmod and umask system "
						 "calls. (To use the customary octal format the number must start with "
						 "a 0 (zero).)")
		},
		&Unix_socket_permissions,
		0777, 0000, 0777, NULL, NULL
	},

	{
		{"work_mem", PGC_USERSET, RESOURCES_MEM,
			gettext_noop("Sets the maximum memory to be used for query workspaces."),
			gettext_noop("This much memory may be used by each internal "
					 "sort operation and hash table before switching to "
						 "temporary disk files.")
		},
		&work_mem,
		1024, 8 * BLCKSZ / 1024, MAX_KILOBYTES, NULL, NULL
	},

	{
		{"maintenance_work_mem", PGC_USERSET, RESOURCES_MEM,
			gettext_noop("Sets the maximum memory to be used for maintenance operations."),
			gettext_noop("This includes operations such as VACUUM and CREATE INDEX.")
		},
		&maintenance_work_mem,
		16384, 1024, MAX_KILOBYTES, NULL, NULL
	},

	{
		{"max_stack_depth", PGC_SUSET, RESOURCES_MEM,
			gettext_noop("Sets the maximum stack depth, in kilobytes."),
			NULL
		},
		&max_stack_depth,
		2048, 100, MAX_KILOBYTES, assign_max_stack_depth, NULL
	},

	{
		{"vacuum_cost_page_hit", PGC_USERSET, RESOURCES,
			gettext_noop("Vacuum cost for a page found in the buffer cache."),
			NULL
		},
		&VacuumCostPageHit,
		1, 0, 10000, NULL, NULL
	},

	{
		{"vacuum_cost_page_miss", PGC_USERSET, RESOURCES,
			gettext_noop("Vacuum cost for a page not found in the buffer cache."),
			NULL
		},
		&VacuumCostPageMiss,
		10, 0, 10000, NULL, NULL
	},

	{
		{"vacuum_cost_page_dirty", PGC_USERSET, RESOURCES,
			gettext_noop("Vacuum cost for a page dirtied by vacuum."),
			NULL
		},
		&VacuumCostPageDirty,
		20, 0, 10000, NULL, NULL
	},

	{
		{"vacuum_cost_limit", PGC_USERSET, RESOURCES,
			gettext_noop("Vacuum cost amount available before napping."),
			NULL
		},
		&VacuumCostLimit,
		200, 1, 10000, NULL, NULL
	},

	{
		{"vacuum_cost_delay", PGC_USERSET, RESOURCES,
			gettext_noop("Vacuum cost delay in milliseconds."),
			NULL
		},
		&VacuumCostDelay,
		0, 0, 1000, NULL, NULL
	},

	{
		{"autovacuum_vacuum_cost_delay", PGC_SIGHUP, AUTOVACUUM,
			gettext_noop("Vacuum cost delay in milliseconds, for autovacuum."),
			NULL
		},
		&autovacuum_vac_cost_delay,
		-1, -1, 1000, NULL, NULL
	},

	{
		{"autovacuum_vacuum_cost_limit", PGC_SIGHUP, AUTOVACUUM,
			gettext_noop("Vacuum cost amount available before napping, for autovacuum."),
			NULL
		},
		&autovacuum_vac_cost_limit,
		-1, -1, 10000, NULL, NULL
	},

	{
		{"max_files_per_process", PGC_POSTMASTER, RESOURCES_KERNEL,
			gettext_noop("Sets the maximum number of simultaneously open files for each server process."),
			NULL
		},
		&max_files_per_process,
		1000, 25, INT_MAX, NULL, NULL
	},

	{
		{"max_prepared_transactions", PGC_POSTMASTER, RESOURCES,
			gettext_noop("Sets the maximum number of simultaneously prepared transactions."),
			NULL
		},
		&max_prepared_xacts,
		5, 0, INT_MAX, NULL, NULL
	},

#ifdef LOCK_DEBUG
	{
		{"trace_lock_oidmin", PGC_SUSET, DEVELOPER_OPTIONS,
			gettext_noop("no description available"),
			NULL,
			GUC_NOT_IN_SAMPLE
		},
		&Trace_lock_oidmin,
		FirstNormalObjectId, 0, INT_MAX, NULL, NULL
	},
	{
		{"trace_lock_table", PGC_SUSET, DEVELOPER_OPTIONS,
			gettext_noop("no description available"),
			NULL,
			GUC_NOT_IN_SAMPLE
		},
		&Trace_lock_table,
		0, 0, INT_MAX, NULL, NULL
	},
#endif

	{
		{"statement_timeout", PGC_USERSET, CLIENT_CONN_STATEMENT,
			gettext_noop("Sets the maximum allowed duration (in milliseconds) of any statement."),
			gettext_noop("A value of 0 turns off the timeout.")
		},
		&StatementTimeout,
		0, 0, INT_MAX, NULL, NULL
	},

	{
		{"max_fsm_relations", PGC_POSTMASTER, RESOURCES_FSM,
			gettext_noop("Sets the maximum number of tables and indexes for which free space is tracked."),
			NULL
		},
		&MaxFSMRelations,
		1000, 100, INT_MAX, NULL, NULL
	},
	{
		{"max_fsm_pages", PGC_POSTMASTER, RESOURCES_FSM,
			gettext_noop("Sets the maximum number of disk pages for which free space is tracked."),
			NULL
		},
		&MaxFSMPages,
		20000, 1000, INT_MAX, NULL, NULL
	},

	{
		{"max_locks_per_transaction", PGC_POSTMASTER, LOCK_MANAGEMENT,
			gettext_noop("Sets the maximum number of locks per transaction."),
			gettext_noop("The shared lock table is sized on the assumption that "
						 "at most max_locks_per_transaction * max_connections distinct "
						 "objects will need to be locked at any one time.")
		},
		&max_locks_per_xact,
		64, 10, INT_MAX, NULL, NULL
	},

	{
		{"authentication_timeout", PGC_SIGHUP, CONN_AUTH_SECURITY,
			gettext_noop("Sets the maximum time in seconds to complete client authentication."),
			NULL
		},
		&AuthenticationTimeout,
		60, 1, 600, NULL, NULL
	},

	{
		/* Not for general use */
		{"pre_auth_delay", PGC_SIGHUP, DEVELOPER_OPTIONS,
			gettext_noop("no description available"),
			NULL,
			GUC_NOT_IN_SAMPLE
		},
		&PreAuthDelay,
		0, 0, 60, NULL, NULL
	},

	{
		{"checkpoint_segments", PGC_SIGHUP, WAL_CHECKPOINTS,
			gettext_noop("Sets the maximum distance in log segments between automatic WAL checkpoints."),
			NULL
		},
		&CheckPointSegments,
		3, 1, INT_MAX, NULL, NULL
	},

	{
		{"checkpoint_timeout", PGC_SIGHUP, WAL_CHECKPOINTS,
			gettext_noop("Sets the maximum time in seconds between automatic WAL checkpoints."),
			NULL
		},
		&CheckPointTimeout,
		300, 30, 3600, NULL, NULL
	},

	{
		{"checkpoint_warning", PGC_SIGHUP, WAL_CHECKPOINTS,
			gettext_noop("Logs if filling of checkpoint segments happens more "
						 "frequently than this (in seconds)."),
			gettext_noop("Write a message to the server log if checkpoints "
						 "caused by the filling of checkpoint segment files happens more "
						 "frequently than this number of seconds. Zero turns off the warning.")
		},
		&CheckPointWarning,
		30, 0, INT_MAX, NULL, NULL
	},

	{
		{"wal_buffers", PGC_POSTMASTER, WAL_SETTINGS,
			gettext_noop("Sets the number of disk-page buffers in shared memory for WAL."),
			NULL
		},
		&XLOGbuffers,
		8, 4, INT_MAX, NULL, NULL
	},

	{
		{"commit_delay", PGC_USERSET, WAL_CHECKPOINTS,
			gettext_noop("Sets the delay in microseconds between transaction commit and "
						 "flushing WAL to disk."),
			NULL
		},
		&CommitDelay,
		0, 0, 100000, NULL, NULL
	},

	{
		{"commit_siblings", PGC_USERSET, WAL_CHECKPOINTS,
			gettext_noop("Sets the minimum concurrent open transactions before performing "
						 "commit_delay."),
			NULL
		},
		&CommitSiblings,
		5, 1, 1000, NULL, NULL
	},

	{
		{"extra_float_digits", PGC_USERSET, CLIENT_CONN_LOCALE,
			gettext_noop("Sets the number of digits displayed for floating-point values."),
			gettext_noop("This affects real, double precision, and geometric data types. "
						 "The parameter value is added to the standard number of digits "
						 "(FLT_DIG or DBL_DIG as appropriate).")
		},
		&extra_float_digits,
		0, -15, 2, NULL, NULL
	},

	{
		{"log_min_duration_statement", PGC_SUSET, LOGGING_WHEN,
			gettext_noop("Sets the minimum execution time in milliseconds above which statements will "
						 "be logged."),
			gettext_noop("Zero prints all queries. The default is -1 (turning this feature off).")
		},
		&log_min_duration_statement,
		-1, -1, INT_MAX / 1000, NULL, NULL
	},

	{
		{"bgwriter_delay", PGC_SIGHUP, RESOURCES,
			gettext_noop("Background writer sleep time between rounds in milliseconds"),
			NULL
		},
		&BgWriterDelay,
		200, 10, 10000, NULL, NULL
	},

	{
		{"bgwriter_lru_maxpages", PGC_SIGHUP, RESOURCES,
			gettext_noop("Background writer maximum number of LRU pages to flush per round"),
			NULL
		},
		&bgwriter_lru_maxpages,
		5, 0, 1000, NULL, NULL
	},

	{
		{"bgwriter_all_maxpages", PGC_SIGHUP, RESOURCES,
			gettext_noop("Background writer maximum number of all pages to flush per round"),
			NULL
		},
		&bgwriter_all_maxpages,
		5, 0, 1000, NULL, NULL
	},

	{
		{"log_rotation_age", PGC_SIGHUP, LOGGING_WHERE,
			gettext_noop("Automatic log file rotation will occur after N minutes"),
			NULL
		},
		&Log_RotationAge,
		HOURS_PER_DAY * MINS_PER_HOUR, 0, INT_MAX / MINS_PER_HOUR, NULL, NULL
	},

	{
		{"log_rotation_size", PGC_SIGHUP, LOGGING_WHERE,
			gettext_noop("Automatic log file rotation will occur after N kilobytes"),
			NULL
		},
		&Log_RotationSize,
		10 * 1024, 0, INT_MAX / 1024, NULL, NULL
	},

	{
		{"max_function_args", PGC_INTERNAL, PRESET_OPTIONS,
			gettext_noop("Shows the maximum number of function arguments."),
			NULL,
			GUC_NOT_IN_SAMPLE | GUC_DISALLOW_IN_FILE
		},
		&max_function_args,
		FUNC_MAX_ARGS, FUNC_MAX_ARGS, FUNC_MAX_ARGS, NULL, NULL
	},

	{
		{"max_index_keys", PGC_INTERNAL, PRESET_OPTIONS,
			gettext_noop("Shows the maximum number of index keys."),
			NULL,
			GUC_NOT_IN_SAMPLE | GUC_DISALLOW_IN_FILE
		},
		&max_index_keys,
		INDEX_MAX_KEYS, INDEX_MAX_KEYS, INDEX_MAX_KEYS, NULL, NULL
	},

	{
		{"max_identifier_length", PGC_INTERNAL, PRESET_OPTIONS,
			gettext_noop("Shows the maximum identifier length"),
			NULL,
			GUC_NOT_IN_SAMPLE | GUC_DISALLOW_IN_FILE
		},
		&max_identifier_length,
		NAMEDATALEN - 1, NAMEDATALEN - 1, NAMEDATALEN - 1, NULL, NULL
	},

	{
		{"block_size", PGC_INTERNAL, PRESET_OPTIONS,
			gettext_noop("Shows size of a disk block"),
			NULL,
			GUC_NOT_IN_SAMPLE | GUC_DISALLOW_IN_FILE
		},
		&block_size,
		BLCKSZ, BLCKSZ, BLCKSZ, NULL, NULL
	},

	{
		{"autovacuum_naptime", PGC_SIGHUP, AUTOVACUUM,
			gettext_noop("Time to sleep between autovacuum runs, in seconds."),
			NULL
		},
		&autovacuum_naptime,
		60, 1, INT_MAX, NULL, NULL
	},
	{
		{"autovacuum_vacuum_threshold", PGC_SIGHUP, AUTOVACUUM,
			gettext_noop("Minimum number of tuple updates or deletes prior to vacuum."),
			NULL
		},
		&autovacuum_vac_thresh,
		1000, 0, INT_MAX, NULL, NULL
	},
	{
		{"autovacuum_analyze_threshold", PGC_SIGHUP, AUTOVACUUM,
			gettext_noop("Minimum number of tuple inserts, updates or deletes prior to analyze."),
			NULL
		},
		&autovacuum_anl_thresh,
		500, 0, INT_MAX, NULL, NULL
	},

	{
		{"tcp_keepalives_idle", PGC_USERSET, CLIENT_CONN_OTHER,
		     gettext_noop("Seconds between issuing TCP keepalives."),
		     gettext_noop("A value of 0 uses the system default."),
		},		
		&tcp_keepalives_idle,
		0, 0, INT_MAX, assign_tcp_keepalives_idle, show_tcp_keepalives_idle
	},

	{
		{"tcp_keepalives_interval", PGC_USERSET, CLIENT_CONN_OTHER,
		     gettext_noop("Seconds between TCP keepalive retransmits."),
		     gettext_noop("A value of 0 uses the system default."),
		},		
		&tcp_keepalives_interval,
		0, 0, INT_MAX, assign_tcp_keepalives_interval, show_tcp_keepalives_interval
	},

	{
		{"tcp_keepalives_count", PGC_USERSET, CLIENT_CONN_OTHER,
		     gettext_noop("Maximum number of TCP keepalive retransmits."),
		     gettext_noop("This controls the number of consecutive keepalive retransmits that can be "
						  "lost before a connection is considered dead. A value of 0 uses the "
						  "system default."),
		},		
		&tcp_keepalives_count,
		0, 0, INT_MAX, assign_tcp_keepalives_count, show_tcp_keepalives_count
	},

	/* End-of-list marker */
	{
		{NULL, 0, 0, NULL, NULL}, NULL, 0, 0, 0, NULL, NULL
	}
};


static struct config_real ConfigureNamesReal[] =
{
	{
		{"effective_cache_size", PGC_USERSET, QUERY_TUNING_COST,
			gettext_noop("Sets the planner's assumption about size of the disk cache."),
			gettext_noop("That is, the portion of the kernel's disk cache that "
						 "will be used for PostgreSQL data files. This is measured in disk "
						 "pages, which are normally 8 kB each.")
		},
		&effective_cache_size,
		DEFAULT_EFFECTIVE_CACHE_SIZE, 1, DBL_MAX, NULL, NULL
	},
	{
		{"random_page_cost", PGC_USERSET, QUERY_TUNING_COST,
			gettext_noop("Sets the planner's estimate of the cost of a nonsequentially "
						 "fetched disk page."),
			gettext_noop("This is measured as a multiple of the cost of a "
						 "sequential page fetch. A higher value makes it more likely a "
						 "sequential scan will be used, a lower value makes it more likely an "
						 "index scan will be used.")
		},
		&random_page_cost,
		DEFAULT_RANDOM_PAGE_COST, 0, DBL_MAX, NULL, NULL
	},
	{
		{"cpu_tuple_cost", PGC_USERSET, QUERY_TUNING_COST,
			gettext_noop("Sets the planner's estimate of the cost of processing each tuple (row)."),
			gettext_noop("This is measured as a fraction of the cost of a "
						 "sequential page fetch.")
		},
		&cpu_tuple_cost,
		DEFAULT_CPU_TUPLE_COST, 0, DBL_MAX, NULL, NULL
	},
	{
		{"cpu_index_tuple_cost", PGC_USERSET, QUERY_TUNING_COST,
			gettext_noop("Sets the planner's estimate of processing cost for each "
						 "index tuple (row) during index scan."),
			gettext_noop("This is measured as a fraction of the cost of a "
						 "sequential page fetch.")
		},
		&cpu_index_tuple_cost,
		DEFAULT_CPU_INDEX_TUPLE_COST, 0, DBL_MAX, NULL, NULL
	},
	{
		{"cpu_operator_cost", PGC_USERSET, QUERY_TUNING_COST,
			gettext_noop("Sets the planner's estimate of processing cost of each operator in WHERE."),
			gettext_noop("This is measured as a fraction of the cost of a sequential "
						 "page fetch.")
		},
		&cpu_operator_cost,
		DEFAULT_CPU_OPERATOR_COST, 0, DBL_MAX, NULL, NULL
	},

	{
		{"geqo_selection_bias", PGC_USERSET, QUERY_TUNING_GEQO,
			gettext_noop("GEQO: selective pressure within the population."),
			NULL
		},
		&Geqo_selection_bias,
		DEFAULT_GEQO_SELECTION_BIAS, MIN_GEQO_SELECTION_BIAS,
		MAX_GEQO_SELECTION_BIAS, NULL, NULL
	},

	{
		{"bgwriter_lru_percent", PGC_SIGHUP, RESOURCES,
			gettext_noop("Background writer percentage of LRU buffers to flush per round"),
			NULL
		},
		&bgwriter_lru_percent,
		1.0, 0.0, 100.0, NULL, NULL
	},

	{
		{"bgwriter_all_percent", PGC_SIGHUP, RESOURCES,
			gettext_noop("Background writer percentage of all buffers to flush per round"),
			NULL
		},
		&bgwriter_all_percent,
		0.333, 0.0, 100.0, NULL, NULL
	},

	{
		{"seed", PGC_USERSET, UNGROUPED,
			gettext_noop("Sets the seed for random-number generation."),
			NULL,
			GUC_NO_SHOW_ALL | GUC_NO_RESET_ALL | GUC_NOT_IN_SAMPLE | GUC_DISALLOW_IN_FILE
		},
		&phony_random_seed,
		0.5, 0.0, 1.0, assign_random_seed, show_random_seed
	},

	{
		{"autovacuum_vacuum_scale_factor", PGC_SIGHUP, AUTOVACUUM,
			gettext_noop("Number of tuple updates or deletes prior to vacuum as a fraction of reltuples."),
			NULL
		},
		&autovacuum_vac_scale,
		0.4, 0.0, 100.0, NULL, NULL
	},
	{
		{"autovacuum_analyze_scale_factor", PGC_SIGHUP, AUTOVACUUM,
			gettext_noop("Number of tuple inserts, updates or deletes prior to analyze as a fraction of reltuples."),
			NULL
		},
		&autovacuum_anl_scale,
		0.2, 0.0, 100.0, NULL, NULL
	},

	/* End-of-list marker */
	{
		{NULL, 0, 0, NULL, NULL}, NULL, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, NULL, NULL
	}
};


static struct config_string ConfigureNamesString[] =
{
	{
		{"archive_command", PGC_SIGHUP, WAL_SETTINGS,
			gettext_noop("WAL archiving command."),
			gettext_noop("The shell command that will be called to archive a WAL file.")
		},
		&XLogArchiveCommand,
		"", NULL, NULL
	},

	{
		{"client_encoding", PGC_USERSET, CLIENT_CONN_LOCALE,
			gettext_noop("Sets the client's character set encoding."),
			NULL,
			GUC_REPORT
		},
		&client_encoding_string,
		"SQL_ASCII", assign_client_encoding, NULL
	},

	{
		{"client_min_messages", PGC_USERSET, LOGGING_WHEN,
			gettext_noop("Sets the message levels that are sent to the client."),
			gettext_noop("Valid values are DEBUG5, DEBUG4, DEBUG3, DEBUG2, "
						 "DEBUG1, LOG, NOTICE, WARNING, and ERROR. Each level includes all the "
						 "levels that follow it. The later the level, the fewer messages are "
						 "sent.")
		},
		&client_min_messages_str,
		"notice", assign_client_min_messages, NULL
	},

	{
		{"log_min_messages", PGC_SUSET, LOGGING_WHEN,
			gettext_noop("Sets the message levels that are logged."),
			gettext_noop("Valid values are DEBUG5, DEBUG4, DEBUG3, DEBUG2, DEBUG1, "
						 "INFO, NOTICE, WARNING, ERROR, LOG, FATAL, and PANIC. Each level "
						 "includes all the levels that follow it.")
		},
		&log_min_messages_str,
		"notice", assign_log_min_messages, NULL
	},

	{
		{"log_error_verbosity", PGC_SUSET, LOGGING_WHEN,
			gettext_noop("Sets the verbosity of logged messages."),
			gettext_noop("Valid values are \"terse\", \"default\", and \"verbose\".")
		},
		&log_error_verbosity_str,
		"default", assign_log_error_verbosity, NULL
	},
	{
		{"log_statement", PGC_SUSET, LOGGING_WHAT,
			gettext_noop("Sets the type of statements logged."),
			gettext_noop("Valid values are \"none\", \"ddl\", \"mod\", and \"all\".")
		},
		&log_statement_str,
		"none", assign_log_statement, NULL
	},

	{
		{"log_min_error_statement", PGC_SUSET, LOGGING_WHEN,
			gettext_noop("Causes all statements generating error at or above this level to be logged."),
			gettext_noop("All SQL statements that cause an error of the "
						 "specified level or a higher level are logged.")
		},
		&log_min_error_statement_str,
		"panic", assign_min_error_statement, NULL
	},

	{
		{"log_line_prefix", PGC_SIGHUP, LOGGING_WHAT,
			gettext_noop("Controls information prefixed to each log line"),
			gettext_noop("if blank no prefix is used")
		},
		&Log_line_prefix,
		"", NULL, NULL
	},


	{
		{"DateStyle", PGC_USERSET, CLIENT_CONN_LOCALE,
			gettext_noop("Sets the display format for date and time values."),
			gettext_noop("Also controls interpretation of ambiguous "
						 "date inputs."),
			GUC_LIST_INPUT | GUC_REPORT
		},
		&datestyle_string,
		"ISO, MDY", assign_datestyle, NULL
	},

	{
		{"default_tablespace", PGC_USERSET, CLIENT_CONN_STATEMENT,
			gettext_noop("Sets the default tablespace to create tables and indexes in."),
			gettext_noop("An empty string selects the database's default tablespace.")
		},
		&default_tablespace,
		"", assign_default_tablespace, NULL
	},

	{
		{"default_transaction_isolation", PGC_USERSET, CLIENT_CONN_STATEMENT,
			gettext_noop("Sets the transaction isolation level of each new transaction."),
			gettext_noop("Each SQL transaction has an isolation level, which "
						 "can be either \"read uncommitted\", \"read committed\", \"repeatable read\", or \"serializable\".")
		},
		&default_iso_level_string,
		"read committed", assign_defaultxactisolevel, NULL
	},

	{
		{"dynamic_library_path", PGC_SUSET, CLIENT_CONN_OTHER,
			gettext_noop("Sets the path for dynamically loadable modules."),
			gettext_noop("If a dynamically loadable module needs to be opened and "
						 "the specified name does not have a directory component (i.e., the "
						 "name does not contain a slash), the system will search this path for "
						 "the specified file."),
			GUC_SUPERUSER_ONLY
		},
		&Dynamic_library_path,
		"$libdir", NULL, NULL
	},

	{
		{"krb_server_keyfile", PGC_POSTMASTER, CONN_AUTH_SECURITY,
			gettext_noop("Sets the location of the Kerberos server key file."),
			NULL,
			GUC_SUPERUSER_ONLY
		},
		&pg_krb_server_keyfile,
		PG_KRB_SRVTAB, NULL, NULL
	},

	{
		{"krb_srvname", PGC_POSTMASTER, CONN_AUTH_SECURITY,
			gettext_noop("Sets the name of the Kerberos service."),
			NULL
		},
		&pg_krb_srvnam,
		PG_KRB_SRVNAM, NULL, NULL
	},

	{
		{"krb_server_hostname", PGC_POSTMASTER, CONN_AUTH_SECURITY,
			gettext_noop("Sets the hostname of the Kerberos server."),
			NULL
		},
		&pg_krb_server_hostname,
		NULL, NULL, NULL
	},

	{
		{"bonjour_name", PGC_POSTMASTER, CONN_AUTH_SETTINGS,
			gettext_noop("Sets the Bonjour broadcast service name."),
			NULL
		},
		&bonjour_name,
		"", NULL, NULL
	},

	/* See main.c about why defaults for LC_foo are not all alike */

	{
		{"lc_collate", PGC_INTERNAL, CLIENT_CONN_LOCALE,
			gettext_noop("Shows the collation order locale."),
			NULL,
			GUC_NOT_IN_SAMPLE | GUC_DISALLOW_IN_FILE
		},
		&locale_collate,
		"C", NULL, NULL
	},

	{
		{"lc_ctype", PGC_INTERNAL, CLIENT_CONN_LOCALE,
			gettext_noop("Shows the character classification and case conversion locale."),
			NULL,
			GUC_NOT_IN_SAMPLE | GUC_DISALLOW_IN_FILE
		},
		&locale_ctype,
		"C", NULL, NULL
	},

	{
		{"lc_messages", PGC_SUSET, CLIENT_CONN_LOCALE,
			gettext_noop("Sets the language in which messages are displayed."),
			NULL
		},
		&locale_messages,
		"", locale_messages_assign, NULL
	},

	{
		{"lc_monetary", PGC_USERSET, CLIENT_CONN_LOCALE,
			gettext_noop("Sets the locale for formatting monetary amounts."),
			NULL
		},
		&locale_monetary,
		"C", locale_monetary_assign, NULL
	},

	{
		{"lc_numeric", PGC_USERSET, CLIENT_CONN_LOCALE,
			gettext_noop("Sets the locale for formatting numbers."),
			NULL
		},
		&locale_numeric,
		"C", locale_numeric_assign, NULL
	},

	{
		{"lc_time", PGC_USERSET, CLIENT_CONN_LOCALE,
			gettext_noop("Sets the locale for formatting date and time values."),
			NULL
		},
		&locale_time,
		"C", locale_time_assign, NULL
	},

	{
		{"preload_libraries", PGC_POSTMASTER, RESOURCES_KERNEL,
			gettext_noop("Lists shared libraries to preload into server."),
			NULL,
			GUC_LIST_INPUT | GUC_LIST_QUOTE | GUC_SUPERUSER_ONLY
		},
		&preload_libraries_string,
		"", NULL, NULL
	},

	{
		{"regex_flavor", PGC_USERSET, COMPAT_OPTIONS_PREVIOUS,
			gettext_noop("Sets the regular expression \"flavor\"."),
			gettext_noop("This can be set to advanced, extended, or basic.")
		},
		&regex_flavor_string,
		"advanced", assign_regex_flavor, NULL
	},

	{
		{"search_path", PGC_USERSET, CLIENT_CONN_STATEMENT,
			gettext_noop("Sets the schema search order for names that are not schema-qualified."),
			NULL,
			GUC_LIST_INPUT | GUC_LIST_QUOTE
		},
		&namespace_search_path,
		"$user,public", assign_search_path, NULL
	},

	{
		/* Can't be set in postgresql.conf */
		{"server_encoding", PGC_INTERNAL, CLIENT_CONN_LOCALE,
			gettext_noop("Sets the server (database) character set encoding."),
			NULL,
			GUC_REPORT | GUC_NOT_IN_SAMPLE | GUC_DISALLOW_IN_FILE
		},
		&server_encoding_string,
		"SQL_ASCII", NULL, NULL
	},

	{
		/* Can't be set in postgresql.conf */
		{"server_version", PGC_INTERNAL, PRESET_OPTIONS,
			gettext_noop("Shows the server version."),
			NULL,
			GUC_REPORT | GUC_NOT_IN_SAMPLE | GUC_DISALLOW_IN_FILE
		},
		&server_version_string,
		PG_VERSION, NULL, NULL
	},

	{
		/* Not for general use --- used by SET ROLE */
		{"role", PGC_USERSET, UNGROUPED,
			gettext_noop("Sets the current role."),
			NULL,
			GUC_NO_SHOW_ALL | GUC_NO_RESET_ALL | GUC_NOT_IN_SAMPLE | GUC_DISALLOW_IN_FILE
		},
		&role_string,
		"none", assign_role, show_role
	},

	{
		/* Not for general use --- used by SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION */
		{"session_authorization", PGC_USERSET, UNGROUPED,
			gettext_noop("Sets the session user name."),
			NULL,
			GUC_REPORT | GUC_NO_SHOW_ALL | GUC_NO_RESET_ALL | GUC_NOT_IN_SAMPLE | GUC_DISALLOW_IN_FILE
		},
		&session_authorization_string,
		NULL, assign_session_authorization, show_session_authorization
	},

	{
		{"log_destination", PGC_SIGHUP, LOGGING_WHERE,
			gettext_noop("Sets the destination for server log output."),
			gettext_noop("Valid values are combinations of \"stderr\", \"syslog\", "
						 "and \"eventlog\", depending on the platform."),
			GUC_LIST_INPUT
		},
		&log_destination_string,
		"stderr", assign_log_destination, NULL
	},
	{
		{"log_directory", PGC_SIGHUP, LOGGING_WHERE,
			gettext_noop("Sets the destination directory for log files."),
			gettext_noop("May be specified as relative to the data directory "
						 "or as absolute path."),
			GUC_SUPERUSER_ONLY
		},
		&Log_directory,
		"pg_log", assign_canonical_path, NULL
	},
	{
		{"log_filename", PGC_SIGHUP, LOGGING_WHERE,
			gettext_noop("Sets the file name pattern for log files."),
			NULL,
			GUC_SUPERUSER_ONLY
		},
		&Log_filename,
		"postgresql-%Y-%m-%d_%H%M%S.log", NULL, NULL
	},

#ifdef HAVE_SYSLOG
	{
		{"syslog_facility", PGC_SIGHUP, LOGGING_WHERE,
			gettext_noop("Sets the syslog \"facility\" to be used when syslog enabled."),
			gettext_noop("Valid values are LOCAL0, LOCAL1, LOCAL2, LOCAL3, "
						 "LOCAL4, LOCAL5, LOCAL6, LOCAL7.")
		},
		&syslog_facility_str,
		"LOCAL0", assign_syslog_facility, NULL
	},
	{
		{"syslog_ident", PGC_SIGHUP, LOGGING_WHERE,
			gettext_noop("Sets the program name used to identify PostgreSQL "
						 "messages in syslog."),
			NULL
		},
		&syslog_ident_str,
		"postgres", assign_syslog_ident, NULL
	},
#endif

	{
		{"TimeZone", PGC_USERSET, CLIENT_CONN_LOCALE,
			gettext_noop("Sets the time zone for displaying and interpreting time stamps."),
			NULL,
			GUC_REPORT
		},
		&timezone_string,
		"UNKNOWN", assign_timezone, show_timezone
	},

	{
		{"transaction_isolation", PGC_USERSET, CLIENT_CONN_STATEMENT,
			gettext_noop("Sets the current transaction's isolation level."),
			NULL,
			GUC_NO_RESET_ALL | GUC_NOT_IN_SAMPLE | GUC_DISALLOW_IN_FILE
		},
		&XactIsoLevel_string,
		NULL, assign_XactIsoLevel, show_XactIsoLevel
	},

	{
		{"unix_socket_group", PGC_POSTMASTER, CONN_AUTH_SETTINGS,
			gettext_noop("Sets the owning group of the Unix-domain socket."),
			gettext_noop("(The owning user of the socket is always the user "
						 "that starts the server.)")
		},
		&Unix_socket_group,
		"", NULL, NULL
	},

	{
		{"unix_socket_directory", PGC_POSTMASTER, CONN_AUTH_SETTINGS,
			gettext_noop("Sets the directory where the Unix-domain socket will be created."),
			NULL,
			GUC_SUPERUSER_ONLY
		},
		&UnixSocketDir,
		"", assign_canonical_path, NULL
	},

	{
		{"listen_addresses", PGC_POSTMASTER, CONN_AUTH_SETTINGS,
			gettext_noop("Sets the host name or IP address(es) to listen to."),
			NULL,
			GUC_LIST_INPUT
		},
		&ListenAddresses,
		"localhost", NULL, NULL
	},

	{
		{"wal_sync_method", PGC_SIGHUP, WAL_SETTINGS,
			gettext_noop("Selects the method used for forcing WAL updates out to disk."),
			NULL
		},
		&XLOG_sync_method,
		XLOG_sync_method_default, assign_xlog_sync_method, NULL
	},

	{
		{"custom_variable_classes", PGC_SIGHUP, CUSTOM_OPTIONS,
			gettext_noop("Sets the list of known custom variable classes."),
			NULL,
			GUC_LIST_INPUT | GUC_LIST_QUOTE
		},
		&custom_variable_classes,
		NULL, assign_custom_variable_classes, NULL
	},

	{
		{"data_directory", PGC_POSTMASTER, FILE_LOCATIONS,
		 gettext_noop("Sets the server's data directory."),
		 NULL,
		 GUC_SUPERUSER_ONLY
		},
		&data_directory,
		NULL, NULL, NULL
	},

	{
		{"config_file", PGC_POSTMASTER, FILE_LOCATIONS,
		 gettext_noop("Sets the server's main configuration file."),
		 NULL,
		 GUC_DISALLOW_IN_FILE | GUC_SUPERUSER_ONLY
		},
		&ConfigFileName,
		NULL, NULL, NULL
	},

	{
		{"hba_file", PGC_POSTMASTER, FILE_LOCATIONS,
		 gettext_noop("Sets the server's \"hba\" configuration file"),
		 NULL,
		 GUC_SUPERUSER_ONLY
		},
		&HbaFileName,
		NULL, NULL, NULL
	},

	{
		{"ident_file", PGC_POSTMASTER, FILE_LOCATIONS,
		 gettext_noop("Sets the server's \"ident\" configuration file"),
		 NULL,
		 GUC_SUPERUSER_ONLY
		},
		&IdentFileName,
		NULL, NULL, NULL
	},

	{
		{"external_pid_file", PGC_POSTMASTER, FILE_LOCATIONS,
		 gettext_noop("Writes the postmaster PID to the specified file."),
		 NULL,
		 GUC_SUPERUSER_ONLY
		},
		&external_pid_file,
		NULL, assign_canonical_path, NULL
	},

	/* End-of-list marker */
	{
		{NULL, 0, 0, NULL, NULL}, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL
	}
};


/******** end of options list ********/


/*
 * To allow continued support of obsolete names for GUC variables, we apply
 * the following mappings to any unrecognized name.  Note that an old name
 * should be mapped to a new one only if the new variable has very similar
 * semantics to the old.
 */
static const char *const map_old_guc_names[] = {
	"sort_mem", "work_mem",
	"vacuum_mem", "maintenance_work_mem",
	NULL
};


/*
 * Actual lookup of variables is done through this single, sorted array.
 */
static struct config_generic **guc_variables;

/* Current number of variables contained in the vector */
static int	num_guc_variables;

/* Vector capacity */
static int	size_guc_variables;


static bool guc_dirty;			/* TRUE if need to do commit/abort work */

static bool reporting_enabled;	/* TRUE to enable GUC_REPORT */


static int	guc_var_compare(const void *a, const void *b);
static int	guc_name_compare(const char *namea, const char *nameb);
static void push_old_value(struct config_generic * gconf);
static void ReportGUCOption(struct config_generic * record);
static void ShowGUCConfigOption(const char *name, DestReceiver *dest);
static void ShowAllGUCConfig(DestReceiver *dest);
static char *_ShowOption(struct config_generic * record);


/*
 * Some infrastructure for checking malloc/strdup/realloc calls
 */
static void *
guc_malloc(int elevel, size_t size)
{
	void	   *data;

	data = malloc(size);
	if (data == NULL)
		ereport(elevel,
				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
				 errmsg("out of memory")));
	return data;
}

static void *
guc_realloc(int elevel, void *old, size_t size)
{
	void	   *data;

	data = realloc(old, size);
	if (data == NULL)
		ereport(elevel,
				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
				 errmsg("out of memory")));
	return data;
}

static char *
guc_strdup(int elevel, const char *src)
{
	char	   *data;

	data = strdup(src);
	if (data == NULL)
		ereport(elevel,
				(errcode(ERRCODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY),
				 errmsg("out of memory")));
	return data;
}


/*
 * Support for assigning to a field of a string GUC item.  Free the prior
 * value if it's not referenced anywhere else in the item (including stacked
 * states).
 */
static void
set_string_field(struct config_string * conf, char **field, char *newval)
{
	char	   *oldval = *field;
	GucStack   *stack;

	/* Do the assignment */
	*field = newval;

	/* Exit if any duplicate references, or if old value was NULL anyway */
	if (oldval == NULL ||
		oldval == *(conf->variable) ||
		oldval == conf->reset_val ||
		oldval == conf->tentative_val)
		return;
	for (stack = conf->gen.stack; stack; stack = stack->prev)
	{
		if (oldval == stack->tentative_val.stringval ||
			oldval == stack->value.stringval)
			return;
	}

	/* Not used anymore, so free it */
	free(oldval);
}

/*
 * Detect whether strval is referenced anywhere in a GUC string item
 */
static bool
string_field_used(struct config_string * conf, char *strval)
{
	GucStack   *stack;

	if (strval == *(conf->variable) ||
		strval == conf->reset_val ||
		strval == conf->tentative_val)
		return true;
	for (stack = conf->gen.stack; stack; stack = stack->prev)
	{
		if (strval == stack->tentative_val.stringval ||
			strval == stack->value.stringval)
			return true;
	}
	return false;
}


struct config_generic **
get_guc_variables(void)
{
	return guc_variables;
}


/*
 * Build the sorted array.	This is split out so that it could be
 * re-executed after startup (eg, we could allow loadable modules to
 * add vars, and then we'd need to re-sort).
 */
void
build_guc_variables(void)
{
	int			size_vars;
	int			num_vars = 0;
	struct config_generic **guc_vars;
	int			i;

	for (i = 0; ConfigureNamesBool[i].gen.name; i++)
	{
		struct config_bool *conf = &ConfigureNamesBool[i];

		/* Rather than requiring vartype to be filled in by hand, do this: */
		conf->gen.vartype = PGC_BOOL;
		num_vars++;
	}

	for (i = 0; ConfigureNamesInt[i].gen.name; i++)
	{
		struct config_int *conf = &ConfigureNamesInt[i];

		conf->gen.vartype = PGC_INT;
		num_vars++;
	}

	for (i = 0; ConfigureNamesReal[i].gen.name; i++)
	{
		struct config_real *conf = &ConfigureNamesReal[i];

		conf->gen.vartype = PGC_REAL;
		num_vars++;
	}

	for (i = 0; ConfigureNamesString[i].gen.name; i++)
	{
		struct config_string *conf = &ConfigureNamesString[i];

		conf->gen.vartype = PGC_STRING;
		num_vars++;
	}

	/*
	 * Create table with 20% slack
	 */
	size_vars = num_vars + num_vars / 4;

	guc_vars = (struct config_generic **)
		guc_malloc(FATAL, size_vars * sizeof(struct config_generic *));

	num_vars = 0;

	for (i = 0; ConfigureNamesBool[i].gen.name; i++)
		guc_vars[num_vars++] = &ConfigureNamesBool[i].gen;

	for (i = 0; ConfigureNamesInt[i].gen.name; i++)
		guc_vars[num_vars++] = &ConfigureNamesInt[i].gen;

	for (i = 0; ConfigureNamesReal[i].gen.name; i++)
		guc_vars[num_vars++] = &ConfigureNamesReal[i].gen;

	for (i = 0; ConfigureNamesString[i].gen.name; i++)
		guc_vars[num_vars++] = &ConfigureNamesString[i].gen;

	if (guc_variables)
		free(guc_variables);
	guc_variables = guc_vars;
	num_guc_variables = num_vars;
	size_guc_variables = size_vars;
	qsort((void *) guc_variables, num_guc_variables,
		  sizeof(struct config_generic *), guc_var_compare);
}

static bool
is_custom_class(const char *name, int dotPos)
{
	/*
	 * assign_custom_variable_classes() has made sure no empty
	 * identifiers or whitespace exists in the variable
	 */
	bool		result = false;
	const char *ccs = GetConfigOption("custom_variable_classes");

	if (ccs != NULL)
	{
		const char *start = ccs;

		for (;; ++ccs)
		{
			int			c = *ccs;

			if (c == 0 || c == ',')
			{
				if (dotPos == ccs - start && strncmp(start, name, dotPos) == 0)
				{
					result = true;
					break;
				}
				if (c == 0)
					break;
				start = ccs + 1;
			}
		}
	}
	return result;
}

/*
 * Add a new GUC variable to the list of known variables. The
 * list is expanded if needed.
 */
static bool
add_guc_variable(struct config_generic * var, int elevel)
{
	if (num_guc_variables + 1 >= size_guc_variables)
	{
		/*
		 * Increase the vector by 25%
		 */
		int			size_vars = size_guc_variables + size_guc_variables / 4;
		struct config_generic **guc_vars;

		if (size_vars == 0)
		{
			size_vars = 100;
			guc_vars = (struct config_generic **)
				guc_malloc(elevel, size_vars * sizeof(struct config_generic *));
		}
		else
		{
			guc_vars = (struct config_generic **)
				guc_realloc(elevel, guc_variables, size_vars * sizeof(struct config_generic *));
		}

		if (guc_vars == NULL)
			return false;		/* out of memory */

		guc_variables = guc_vars;
		size_guc_variables = size_vars;
	}
	guc_variables[num_guc_variables++] = var;
	qsort((void *) guc_variables, num_guc_variables,
		  sizeof(struct config_generic *), guc_var_compare);
	return true;
}

/*
 * Create and add a placeholder variable. It's presumed to belong
 * to a valid custom variable class at this point.
 */
static struct config_string *
add_placeholder_variable(const char *name, int elevel)
{
	size_t		sz = sizeof(struct config_string) + sizeof(char *);
	struct config_string *var;
	struct config_generic *gen;

	var = (struct config_string *) guc_malloc(elevel, sz);
	if (var == NULL)
		return NULL;

	gen = &var->gen;
	memset(var, 0, sz);

	gen->name = guc_strdup(elevel, name);
	if (gen->name == NULL)
	{
		free(var);
		return NULL;
	}

	gen->context = PGC_USERSET;
	gen->group = CUSTOM_OPTIONS;
	gen->short_desc = "GUC placeholder variable";
	gen->flags = GUC_NO_SHOW_ALL | GUC_NOT_IN_SAMPLE | GUC_CUSTOM_PLACEHOLDER;
	gen->vartype = PGC_STRING;

	/*
	 * The char* is allocated at the end of the struct since we have no
	 * 'static' place to point to.
	 */
	var->variable = (char **) (var + 1);

	if (!add_guc_variable((struct config_generic *) var, elevel))
	{
		free((void *) gen->name);
		free(var);
		return NULL;
	}

	return var;
}

/*
 * Look up option NAME. If it exists, return a pointer to its record,
 * else return NULL.
 */
static struct config_generic *
find_option(const char *name, int elevel)
{
	const char *dot;
	const char **key = &name;
	struct config_generic **res;
	int			i;

	Assert(name);

	/*
	 * By equating const char ** with struct config_generic *, we are
	 * assuming the name field is first in config_generic.
	 */
	res = (struct config_generic **) bsearch((void *) &key,
											 (void *) guc_variables,
											 num_guc_variables,
										 sizeof(struct config_generic *),
											 guc_var_compare);
	if (res)
		return *res;

	/*
	 * See if the name is an obsolete name for a variable.	We assume that
	 * the set of supported old names is short enough that a brute-force
	 * search is the best way.
	 */
	for (i = 0; map_old_guc_names[i] != NULL; i += 2)
	{
		if (guc_name_compare(name, map_old_guc_names[i]) == 0)
			return find_option(map_old_guc_names[i + 1], elevel);
	}

	/*
	 * Check if the name is qualified, and if so, check if the qualifier
	 * maps to a custom variable class.
	 */
	dot = strchr(name, GUC_QUALIFIER_SEPARATOR);
	if (dot != NULL && is_custom_class(name, dot - name))
		/* Add a placeholder variable for this name */
		return (struct config_generic *) add_placeholder_variable(name, elevel);

	/* Unknown name */
	return NULL;
}


/*
 * comparator for qsorting and bsearching guc_variables array
 */
static int
guc_var_compare(const void *a, const void *b)
{
	struct config_generic *confa = *(struct config_generic **) a;
	struct config_generic *confb = *(struct config_generic **) b;

	return guc_name_compare(confa->name, confb->name);
}


static int
guc_name_compare(const char *namea, const char *nameb)
{
	/*
	 * The temptation to use strcasecmp() here must be resisted, because
	 * the array ordering has to remain stable across setlocale() calls.
	 * So, build our own with a simple ASCII-only downcasing.
	 */
	while (*namea && *nameb)
	{
		char		cha = *namea++;
		char		chb = *nameb++;

		if (cha >= 'A' && cha <= 'Z')
			cha += 'a' - 'A';
		if (chb >= 'A' && chb <= 'Z')
			chb += 'a' - 'A';
		if (cha != chb)
			return cha - chb;
	}
	if (*namea)
		return 1;				/* a is longer */
	if (*nameb)
		return -1;				/* b is longer */
	return 0;
}


/*
 * Initialize GUC options during program startup.
 *
 * Note that we cannot read the config file yet, since we have not yet
 * processed command-line switches.
 */
void
InitializeGUCOptions(void)
{
	int			i;
	char	   *env;

	/*
	 * Build sorted array of all GUC variables.
	 */
	build_guc_variables();

	/*
	 * Load all variables with their compiled-in defaults, and initialize
	 * status fields as needed.
	 */
	for (i = 0; i < num_guc_variables; i++)
	{
		struct config_generic *gconf = guc_variables[i];

		gconf->status = 0;
		gconf->reset_source = PGC_S_DEFAULT;
		gconf->tentative_source = PGC_S_DEFAULT;
		gconf->source = PGC_S_DEFAULT;
		gconf->stack = NULL;

		switch (gconf->vartype)
		{
			case PGC_BOOL:
				{
					struct config_bool *conf = (struct config_bool *) gconf;

					if (conf->assign_hook)
						if (!(*conf->assign_hook) (conf->reset_val, true,
												   PGC_S_DEFAULT))
							elog(FATAL, "failed to initialize %s to %d",
								 conf->gen.name, (int) conf->reset_val);
					*conf->variable = conf->reset_val;
					break;
				}
			case PGC_INT:
				{
					struct config_int *conf = (struct config_int *) gconf;

					Assert(conf->reset_val >= conf->min);
					Assert(conf->reset_val <= conf->max);
					if (conf->assign_hook)
						if (!(*conf->assign_hook) (conf->reset_val, true,
												   PGC_S_DEFAULT))
							elog(FATAL, "failed to initialize %s to %d",
								 conf->gen.name, conf->reset_val);
					*conf->variable = conf->reset_val;
					break;
				}
			case PGC_REAL:
				{
					struct config_real *conf = (struct config_real *) gconf;

					Assert(conf->reset_val >= conf->min);
					Assert(conf->reset_val <= conf->max);
					if (conf->assign_hook)
						if (!(*conf->assign_hook) (conf->reset_val, true,
												   PGC_S_DEFAULT))
							elog(FATAL, "failed to initialize %s to %g",
								 conf->gen.name, conf->reset_val);
					*conf->variable = conf->reset_val;
					break;
				}
			case PGC_STRING:
				{
					struct config_string *conf = (struct config_string *) gconf;
					char	   *str;

					*conf->variable = NULL;
					conf->reset_val = NULL;
					conf->tentative_val = NULL;

					if (conf->boot_val == NULL)
					{
						/* Cannot set value yet */
						break;
					}

					str = guc_strdup(FATAL, conf->boot_val);
					conf->reset_val = str;

					if (conf->assign_hook)
					{
						const char *newstr;

						newstr = (*conf->assign_hook) (str, true,
													   PGC_S_DEFAULT);
						if (newstr == NULL)
						{
							elog(FATAL, "failed to initialize %s to \"%s\"",
								 conf->gen.name, str);
						}
						else if (newstr != str)
						{
							free(str);

							/*
							 * See notes in set_config_option about
							 * casting
							 */
							str = (char *) newstr;
							conf->reset_val = str;
						}
					}
					*conf->variable = str;
					break;
				}
		}
	}

	guc_dirty = false;

	reporting_enabled = false;

	/*
	 * Prevent any attempt to override the transaction modes from
	 * non-interactive sources.
	 */
	SetConfigOption("transaction_isolation", "default",
					PGC_POSTMASTER, PGC_S_OVERRIDE);
	SetConfigOption("transaction_read_only", "no",
					PGC_POSTMASTER, PGC_S_OVERRIDE);

	/*
	 * For historical reasons, some GUC parameters can receive defaults
	 * from environment variables.	Process those settings.
	 */

	env = getenv("PGPORT");
	if (env != NULL)
		SetConfigOption("port", env, PGC_POSTMASTER, PGC_S_ENV_VAR);

	env = getenv("PGDATESTYLE");
	if (env != NULL)
		SetConfigOption("datestyle", env, PGC_POSTMASTER, PGC_S_ENV_VAR);

	env = getenv("PGCLIENTENCODING");
	if (env != NULL)
		SetConfigOption("client_encoding", env, PGC_POSTMASTER, PGC_S_ENV_VAR);
}


/*
 * Select the configuration files and data directory to be used, and
 * do the initial read of postgresql.conf.
 *
 * This is called after processing command-line switches.
 *		userDoption is the -D switch value if any (NULL if unspecified).
 *		progname is just for use in error messages.
 *
 * Returns true on success; on failure, prints a suitable error message
 * to stderr and returns false.
 */
bool
SelectConfigFiles(const char *userDoption, const char *progname)
{
	char	   *configdir;
	char	   *fname;
	struct stat stat_buf;

	/* configdir is -D option, or $PGDATA if no -D */
	if (userDoption)
		configdir = make_absolute_path(userDoption);
	else
		configdir = make_absolute_path(getenv("PGDATA"));

	/*
	 * Find the configuration file: if config_file was specified on the
	 * command line, use it, else use configdir/postgresql.conf.  In any
	 * case ensure the result is an absolute path, so that it will be
	 * interpreted the same way by future backends.
	 */
	if (ConfigFileName)
		fname = make_absolute_path(ConfigFileName);
	else if (configdir)
	{
		fname = guc_malloc(FATAL,
						   strlen(configdir) + strlen(CONFIG_FILENAME) + 2);
		sprintf(fname, "%s/%s", configdir, CONFIG_FILENAME);
	}
	else
	{
		write_stderr("%s does not know where to find the server configuration file.\n"
					 "You must specify the --config-file or -D invocation "
					 "option or set the PGDATA environment variable.\n",
					 progname);
		return false;
	}

	/*
	 * Set the ConfigFileName GUC variable to its final value, ensuring
	 * that it can't be overridden later.
	 */
	SetConfigOption("config_file", fname, PGC_POSTMASTER, PGC_S_OVERRIDE);
	free(fname);

	/*
	 * Now read the config file for the first time.
	 */
	if (stat(ConfigFileName, &stat_buf) != 0)
	{
		write_stderr("%s cannot access the server configuration file \"%s\": %s\n",
					 progname, ConfigFileName, strerror(errno));
		return false;
	}

	ProcessConfigFile(PGC_POSTMASTER);

	/*
	 * If the data_directory GUC variable has been set, use that as DataDir;
	 * otherwise use configdir if set; else punt.
	 *
	 * Note: SetDataDir will copy and absolute-ize its argument,
	 * so we don't have to.
	 */
	if (data_directory)
		SetDataDir(data_directory);
	else if (configdir)
		SetDataDir(configdir);
	else
	{
		write_stderr("%s does not know where to find the database system data.\n"
					 "This can be specified as \"data_directory\" in \"%s\", "
					 "or by the -D invocation option, or by the "
					 "PGDATA environment variable.\n",
					 progname, ConfigFileName);
		return false;
	}

	/*
	 * Reflect the final DataDir value back into the data_directory GUC var.
	 * (If you are wondering why we don't just make them a single variable,
	 * it's because the EXEC_BACKEND case needs DataDir to be transmitted to
	 * child backends specially.  XXX is that still true?  Given that we
	 * now chdir to DataDir, EXEC_BACKEND can read the config file without
	 * knowing DataDir in advance.)
	 */
	SetConfigOption("data_directory", DataDir, PGC_POSTMASTER, PGC_S_OVERRIDE);

	/*
	 * Figure out where pg_hba.conf is, and make sure the path is absolute.
	 */
	if (HbaFileName)
		fname = make_absolute_path(HbaFileName);
	else if (configdir)
	{
		fname = guc_malloc(FATAL,
						   strlen(configdir) + strlen(HBA_FILENAME) + 2);
		sprintf(fname, "%s/%s", configdir, HBA_FILENAME);
	}
	else
	{
		write_stderr("%s does not know where to find the \"hba\" configuration file.\n"
					 "This can be specified as \"hba_file\" in \"%s\", "
					 "or by the -D invocation option, or by the "
					 "PGDATA environment variable.\n",
					 progname, ConfigFileName);
		return false;
	}
	SetConfigOption("hba_file", fname, PGC_POSTMASTER, PGC_S_OVERRIDE);
	free(fname);

	/*
	 * Likewise for pg_ident.conf.
	 */
	if (IdentFileName)
		fname = make_absolute_path(IdentFileName);
	else if (configdir)
	{
		fname = guc_malloc(FATAL,
						   strlen(configdir) + strlen(IDENT_FILENAME) + 2);
		sprintf(fname, "%s/%s", configdir, IDENT_FILENAME);
	}
	else
	{
		write_stderr("%s does not know where to find the \"ident\" configuration file.\n"
					 "This can be specified as \"ident_file\" in \"%s\", "
					 "or by the -D invocation option, or by the "
					 "PGDATA environment variable.\n",
					 progname, ConfigFileName);
		return false;
	}
	SetConfigOption("ident_file", fname, PGC_POSTMASTER, PGC_S_OVERRIDE);
	free(fname);

	free(configdir);

	/* If timezone is not set, determine what the OS uses */
	pg_timezone_initialize();

	return true;
}


/*
 * Reset all options to their saved default values (implements RESET ALL)
 */
void
ResetAllOptions(void)
{
	int			i;

	for (i = 0; i < num_guc_variables; i++)
	{
		struct config_generic *gconf = guc_variables[i];

		/* Don't reset non-SET-able values */
		if (gconf->context != PGC_SUSET &&
			gconf->context != PGC_USERSET)
			continue;
		/* Don't reset if special exclusion from RESET ALL */
		if (gconf->flags & GUC_NO_RESET_ALL)
			continue;
		/* No need to reset if wasn't SET */
		if (gconf->source <= PGC_S_OVERRIDE)
			continue;

		/* Save old value to support transaction abort */
		push_old_value(gconf);

		switch (gconf->vartype)
		{
			case PGC_BOOL:
				{
					struct config_bool *conf = (struct config_bool *) gconf;

					if (conf->assign_hook)
						if (!(*conf->assign_hook) (conf->reset_val, true,
												   PGC_S_SESSION))
							elog(ERROR, "failed to reset %s", conf->gen.name);
					*conf->variable = conf->reset_val;
					conf->tentative_val = conf->reset_val;
					conf->gen.source = conf->gen.reset_source;
					conf->gen.tentative_source = conf->gen.reset_source;
					conf->gen.status |= GUC_HAVE_TENTATIVE;
					guc_dirty = true;
					break;
				}
			case PGC_INT:
				{
					struct config_int *conf = (struct config_int *) gconf;

					if (conf->assign_hook)
						if (!(*conf->assign_hook) (conf->reset_val, true,
												   PGC_S_SESSION))
							elog(ERROR, "failed to reset %s", conf->gen.name);
					*conf->variable = conf->reset_val;
					conf->tentative_val = conf->reset_val;
					conf->gen.source = conf->gen.reset_source;
					conf->gen.tentative_source = conf->gen.reset_source;
					conf->gen.status |= GUC_HAVE_TENTATIVE;
					guc_dirty = true;
					break;
				}
			case PGC_REAL:
				{
					struct config_real *conf = (struct config_real *) gconf;

					if (conf->assign_hook)
						if (!(*conf->assign_hook) (conf->reset_val, true,
												   PGC_S_SESSION))
							elog(ERROR, "failed to reset %s", conf->gen.name);
					*conf->variable = conf->reset_val;
					conf->tentative_val = conf->reset_val;
					conf->gen.source = conf->gen.reset_source;
					conf->gen.tentative_source = conf->gen.reset_source;
					conf->gen.status |= GUC_HAVE_TENTATIVE;
					guc_dirty = true;
					break;
				}
			case PGC_STRING:
				{
					struct config_string *conf = (struct config_string *) gconf;
					char	   *str;

					if (conf->reset_val == NULL)
					{
						/* Nothing to reset to, as yet; so do nothing */
						break;
					}

					/* We need not strdup here */
					str = conf->reset_val;

					if (conf->assign_hook)
					{
						const char *newstr;

						newstr = (*conf->assign_hook) (str, true,
													   PGC_S_SESSION);
						if (newstr == NULL)
							elog(ERROR, "failed to reset %s", conf->gen.name);
						else if (newstr != str)
						{
							/*
							 * See notes in set_config_option about
							 * casting
							 */
							str = (char *) newstr;
						}
					}

					set_string_field(conf, conf->variable, str);
					set_string_field(conf, &conf->tentative_val, str);
					conf->gen.source = conf->gen.reset_source;
					conf->gen.tentative_source = conf->gen.reset_source;
					conf->gen.status |= GUC_HAVE_TENTATIVE;
					guc_dirty = true;
					break;
				}
		}

		if (gconf->flags & GUC_REPORT)
			ReportGUCOption(gconf);
	}
}


/*
 * push_old_value
 *		Push previous state during first assignment to a GUC variable
 *		within a particular transaction.
 *
 * We have to be willing to "back-fill" the state stack if the first
 * assignment occurs within a subtransaction nested several levels deep.
 * This ensures that if an intermediate transaction aborts, it will have
 * the proper value available to restore the setting to.
 */
static void
push_old_value(struct config_generic * gconf)
{
	int			my_level = GetCurrentTransactionNestLevel();
	GucStack   *stack;

	/* If we're not inside a transaction, do nothing */
	if (my_level == 0)
		return;

	for (;;)
	{
		/* Done if we already pushed it at this nesting depth */
		if (gconf->stack && gconf->stack->nest_level >= my_level)
			return;

		/*
		 * We keep all the stack entries in TopTransactionContext so as to
		 * avoid allocation problems when a subtransaction back-fills
		 * stack entries for upper transaction levels.
		 */
		stack = (GucStack *) MemoryContextAlloc(TopTransactionContext,
												sizeof(GucStack));

		stack->prev = gconf->stack;
		stack->nest_level = stack->prev ? stack->prev->nest_level + 1 : 1;
		stack->status = gconf->status;
		stack->tentative_source = gconf->tentative_source;
		stack->source = gconf->source;

		switch (gconf->vartype)
		{
			case PGC_BOOL:
				stack->tentative_val.boolval =
					((struct config_bool *) gconf)->tentative_val;
				stack->value.boolval =
					*((struct config_bool *) gconf)->variable;
				break;

			case PGC_INT:
				stack->tentative_val.intval =
					((struct config_int *) gconf)->tentative_val;
				stack->value.intval =
					*((struct config_int *) gconf)->variable;
				break;

			case PGC_REAL:
				stack->tentative_val.realval =
					((struct config_real *) gconf)->tentative_val;
				stack->value.realval =
					*((struct config_real *) gconf)->variable;
				break;

			case PGC_STRING:
				stack->tentative_val.stringval =
					((struct config_string *) gconf)->tentative_val;
				stack->value.stringval =
					*((struct config_string *) gconf)->variable;
				break;
		}

		gconf->stack = stack;

		/* Set state to indicate nothing happened yet within this level */
		gconf->status = GUC_HAVE_STACK;

		/* Ensure we remember to pop at end of xact */
		guc_dirty = true;
	}
}

/*
 * Do GUC processing at transaction or subtransaction commit or abort.
 */
void
AtEOXact_GUC(bool isCommit, bool isSubXact)
{
	int			my_level;
	int			i;

	/* Quick exit if nothing's changed in this transaction */
	if (!guc_dirty)
		return;

	my_level = GetCurrentTransactionNestLevel();
	Assert(isSubXact ? (my_level > 1) : (my_level == 1));

	for (i = 0; i < num_guc_variables; i++)
	{
		struct config_generic *gconf = guc_variables[i];
		int			my_status = gconf->status;
		GucStack   *stack = gconf->stack;
		bool		useTentative;
		bool		changed;

		/*
		 * Skip if nothing's happened to this var in this transaction
		 */
		if (my_status == 0)
		{
			Assert(stack == NULL);
			continue;
		}
		/* Assert that we stacked old value before changing it */
		Assert(stack != NULL && (my_status & GUC_HAVE_STACK));
		/* However, the last change may have been at an outer xact level */
		if (stack->nest_level < my_level)
			continue;
		Assert(stack->nest_level == my_level);

		/*
		 * We will pop the stack entry.  Start by restoring outer xact
		 * status (since we may want to modify it below).  Be careful to
		 * use my_status to reference the inner xact status below this
		 * point...
		 */
		gconf->status = stack->status;

		/*
		 * We have two cases:
		 *
		 * If commit and HAVE_TENTATIVE, set actual value to tentative (this
		 * is to override a SET LOCAL if one occurred later than SET). We
		 * keep the tentative value and propagate HAVE_TENTATIVE to the
		 * parent status, allowing the SET's effect to percolate up. (But
		 * if we're exiting the outermost transaction, we'll drop the
		 * HAVE_TENTATIVE bit below.)
		 *
		 * Otherwise, we have a transaction that aborted or executed only SET
		 * LOCAL (or no SET at all).  In either case it should have no
		 * further effect, so restore both tentative and actual values
		 * from the stack entry.
		 */

		useTentative = isCommit && (my_status & GUC_HAVE_TENTATIVE) != 0;
		changed = false;

		switch (gconf->vartype)
		{
			case PGC_BOOL:
				{
					struct config_bool *conf = (struct config_bool *) gconf;
					bool		newval;
					GucSource	newsource;

					if (useTentative)
					{
						newval = conf->tentative_val;
						newsource = conf->gen.tentative_source;
						conf->gen.status |= GUC_HAVE_TENTATIVE;
					}
					else
					{
						newval = stack->value.boolval;
						newsource = stack->source;
						conf->tentative_val = stack->tentative_val.boolval;
						conf->gen.tentative_source = stack->tentative_source;
					}

					if (*conf->variable != newval)
					{
						if (conf->assign_hook)
							if (!(*conf->assign_hook) (newval,
												   true, PGC_S_OVERRIDE))
								elog(LOG, "failed to commit %s",
									 conf->gen.name);
						*conf->variable = newval;
						changed = true;
					}
					conf->gen.source = newsource;
					break;
				}
			case PGC_INT:
				{
					struct config_int *conf = (struct config_int *) gconf;
					int			newval;
					GucSource	newsource;

					if (useTentative)
					{
						newval = conf->tentative_val;
						newsource = conf->gen.tentative_source;
						conf->gen.status |= GUC_HAVE_TENTATIVE;
					}
					else
					{
						newval = stack->value.intval;
						newsource = stack->source;
						conf->tentative_val = stack->tentative_val.intval;
						conf->gen.tentative_source = stack->tentative_source;
					}

					if (*conf->variable != newval)
					{
						if (conf->assign_hook)
							if (!(*conf->assign_hook) (newval,
												   true, PGC_S_OVERRIDE))
								elog(LOG, "failed to commit %s",
									 conf->gen.name);
						*conf->variable = newval;
						changed = true;
					}
					conf->gen.source = newsource;
					break;
				}
			case PGC_REAL:
				{
					struct config_real *conf = (struct config_real *) gconf;
					double		newval;
					GucSource	newsource;

					if (useTentative)
					{
						newval = conf->tentative_val;
						newsource = conf->gen.tentative_source;
						conf->gen.status |= GUC_HAVE_TENTATIVE;
					}
					else
					{
						newval = stack->value.realval;
						newsource = stack->source;
						conf->tentative_val = stack->tentative_val.realval;
						conf->gen.tentative_source = stack->tentative_source;
					}

					if (*conf->variable != newval)
					{
						if (conf->assign_hook)
							if (!(*conf->assign_hook) (newval,
												   true, PGC_S_OVERRIDE))
								elog(LOG, "failed to commit %s",
									 conf->gen.name);
						*conf->variable = newval;
						changed = true;
					}
					conf->gen.source = newsource;
					break;
				}
			case PGC_STRING:
				{
					struct config_string *conf = (struct config_string *) gconf;
					char	   *newval;
					GucSource	newsource;

					if (useTentative)
					{
						newval = conf->tentative_val;
						newsource = conf->gen.tentative_source;
						conf->gen.status |= GUC_HAVE_TENTATIVE;
					}
					else
					{
						newval = stack->value.stringval;
						newsource = stack->source;
						set_string_field(conf, &conf->tentative_val,
										 stack->tentative_val.stringval);
						conf->gen.tentative_source = stack->tentative_source;
					}

					if (*conf->variable != newval)
					{
						if (conf->assign_hook)
						{
							const char *newstr;

							newstr = (*conf->assign_hook) (newval, true,
														 PGC_S_OVERRIDE);
							if (newstr == NULL)
								elog(LOG, "failed to commit %s",
									 conf->gen.name);
							else if (newstr != newval)
							{
								/*
								 * If newval should now be freed, it'll be
								 * taken care of below.
								 *
								 * See notes in set_config_option about
								 * casting
								 */
								newval = (char *) newstr;
							}
						}

						set_string_field(conf, conf->variable, newval);
						changed = true;
					}
					conf->gen.source = newsource;
					/* Release stacked values if not used anymore */
					set_string_field(conf, &stack->value.stringval,
									 NULL);
					set_string_field(conf, &stack->tentative_val.stringval,
									 NULL);
					/* Don't store tentative value separately after commit */
					if (!isSubXact)
						set_string_field(conf, &conf->tentative_val, NULL);
					break;
				}
		}

		/* Finish popping the state stack */
		gconf->stack = stack->prev;
		pfree(stack);

		/*
		 * If we're now out of all xact levels, forget TENTATIVE status
		 * bit; there's nothing tentative about the value anymore.
		 */
		if (!isSubXact)
		{
			Assert(gconf->stack == NULL);
			gconf->status = 0;
		}

		/* Report new value if we changed it */
		if (changed && (gconf->flags & GUC_REPORT))
			ReportGUCOption(gconf);
	}

	/*
	 * If we're now out of all xact levels, we can clear guc_dirty. (Note:
	 * we cannot reset guc_dirty when exiting a subtransaction, because we
	 * know that all outer transaction levels will have stacked values to
	 * deal with.)
	 */
	if (!isSubXact)
		guc_dirty = false;
}


/*
 * Start up automatic reporting of changes to variables marked GUC_REPORT.
 * This is executed at completion of backend startup.
 */
void
BeginReportingGUCOptions(void)
{
	int			i;

	/*
	 * Don't do anything unless talking to an interactive frontend of
	 * protocol 3.0 or later.
	 */
	if (whereToSendOutput != Remote ||
		PG_PROTOCOL_MAJOR(FrontendProtocol) < 3)
		return;

	reporting_enabled = true;

	/* Transmit initial values of interesting variables */
	for (i = 0; i < num_guc_variables; i++)
	{
		struct config_generic *conf = guc_variables[i];

		if (conf->flags & GUC_REPORT)
			ReportGUCOption(conf);
	}
}

/*
 * ReportGUCOption: if appropriate, transmit option value to frontend
 */
static void
ReportGUCOption(struct config_generic * record)
{
	if (reporting_enabled && (record->flags & GUC_REPORT))
	{
		char	   *val = _ShowOption(record);
		StringInfoData msgbuf;

		pq_beginmessage(&msgbuf, 'S');
		pq_sendstring(&msgbuf, record->name);
		pq_sendstring(&msgbuf, val);
		pq_endmessage(&msgbuf);

		pfree(val);
	}
}


/*
 * Try to interpret value as boolean value.  Valid values are: true,
 * false, yes, no, on, off, 1, 0.  If the string parses okay, return
 * true, else false.  If result is not NULL, return the parsing result
 * there.
 */
static bool
parse_bool(const char *value, bool *result)
{
	size_t		len = strlen(value);

	if (pg_strncasecmp(value, "true", len) == 0)
	{
		if (result)
			*result = true;
	}
	else if (pg_strncasecmp(value, "false", len) == 0)
	{
		if (result)
			*result = false;
	}

	else if (pg_strncasecmp(value, "yes", len) == 0)
	{
		if (result)
			*result = true;
	}
	else if (pg_strncasecmp(value, "no", len) == 0)
	{
		if (result)
			*result = false;
	}

	else if (pg_strcasecmp(value, "on") == 0)
	{
		if (result)
			*result = true;
	}
	else if (pg_strcasecmp(value, "off") == 0)
	{
		if (result)
			*result = false;
	}

	else if (pg_strcasecmp(value, "1") == 0)
	{
		if (result)
			*result = true;
	}
	else if (pg_strcasecmp(value, "0") == 0)
	{
		if (result)
			*result = false;
	}

	else
	{
		if (result)
			*result = false;	/* suppress compiler warning */
		return false;
	}
	return true;
}



/*
 * Try to parse value as an integer.  The accepted formats are the
 * usual decimal, octal, or hexadecimal formats.  If the string parses
 * okay, return true, else false.  If result is not NULL, return the
 * value there.
 */
static bool
parse_int(const char *value, int *result)
{
	long		val;
	char	   *endptr;

	errno = 0;
	val = strtol(value, &endptr, 0);
	if (endptr == value || *endptr != '\0' || errno == ERANGE
#ifdef HAVE_LONG_INT_64
	/* if long > 32 bits, check for overflow of int4 */
		|| val != (long) ((int32) val)
#endif
		)
	{
		if (result)
			*result = 0;		/* suppress compiler warning */
		return false;
	}
	if (result)
		*result = (int) val;
	return true;
}



/*
 * Try to parse value as a floating point constant in the usual
 * format.	If the value parsed okay return true, else false.  If
 * result is not NULL, return the semantic value there.
 */
static bool
parse_real(const char *value, double *result)
{
	double		val;
	char	   *endptr;

	errno = 0;
	val = strtod(value, &endptr);
	if (endptr == value || *endptr != '\0' || errno == ERANGE)
	{
		if (result)
			*result = 0;		/* suppress compiler warning */
		return false;
	}
	if (result)
		*result = val;
	return true;
}


/*
 * Call a GucStringAssignHook function, being careful to free the
 * "newval" string if the hook ereports.
 *
 * This is split out of set_config_option just to avoid the "volatile"
 * qualifiers that would otherwise have to be plastered all over.
 */
static const char *
call_string_assign_hook(GucStringAssignHook assign_hook,
						char *newval, bool doit, GucSource source)
{
	const char *result;

	PG_TRY();
	{
		result = (*assign_hook) (newval, doit, source);
	}
	PG_CATCH();
	{
		free(newval);
		PG_RE_THROW();
	}
	PG_END_TRY();

	return result;
}


/*
 * Sets option `name' to given value. The value should be a string
 * which is going to be parsed and converted to the appropriate data
 * type.  The context and source parameters indicate in which context this
 * function is being called so it can apply the access restrictions
 * properly.
 *
 * If value is NULL, set the option to its default value. If the
 * parameter changeVal is false then don't really set the option but do all
 * the checks to see if it would work.
 *
 * If there is an error (non-existing option, invalid value) then an
 * ereport(ERROR) is thrown *unless* this is called in a context where we
 * don't want to ereport (currently, startup or SIGHUP config file reread).
 * In that case we write a suitable error message via ereport(DEBUG) and
 * return false. This is working around the deficiencies in the ereport
 * mechanism, so don't blame me.  In all other cases, the function
 * returns true, including cases where the input is valid but we chose
 * not to apply it because of context or source-priority considerations.
 *
 * See also SetConfigOption for an external interface.
 */
bool
set_config_option(const char *name, const char *value,
				  GucContext context, GucSource source,
				  bool isLocal, bool changeVal)
{
	struct config_generic *record;
	int			elevel;
	bool		makeDefault;

	if (context == PGC_SIGHUP || source == PGC_S_DEFAULT)
	{
		/*
		 * To avoid cluttering the log, only the postmaster bleats loudly
		 * about problems with the config file.
		 */
		elevel = IsUnderPostmaster ? DEBUG2 : LOG;
	}
	else if (source == PGC_S_DATABASE || source == PGC_S_USER)
		elevel = INFO;
	else
		elevel = ERROR;

	record = find_option(name, elevel);
	if (record == NULL)
	{
		ereport(elevel,
				(errcode(ERRCODE_UNDEFINED_OBJECT),
		   errmsg("unrecognized configuration parameter \"%s\"", name)));
		return false;
	}

	/*
	 * Check if the option can be set at this time. See guc.h for the
	 * precise rules. Note that we don't want to throw errors if we're in
	 * the SIGHUP context. In that case we just ignore the attempt and
	 * return true.
	 */
	switch (record->context)
	{
		case PGC_INTERNAL:
			if (context == PGC_SIGHUP)
				return true;
			if (context != PGC_INTERNAL)
			{
				ereport(elevel,
						(errcode(ERRCODE_CANT_CHANGE_RUNTIME_PARAM),
						 errmsg("parameter \"%s\" cannot be changed",
								name)));
				return false;
			}
			break;
		case PGC_POSTMASTER:
			if (context == PGC_SIGHUP)
				return true;
			if (context != PGC_POSTMASTER)
			{
				ereport(elevel,
						(errcode(ERRCODE_CANT_CHANGE_RUNTIME_PARAM),
						 errmsg("parameter \"%s\" cannot be changed after server start",
								name)));
				return false;
			}
			break;
		case PGC_SIGHUP:
			if (context != PGC_SIGHUP && context != PGC_POSTMASTER)
			{
				ereport(elevel,
						(errcode(ERRCODE_CANT_CHANGE_RUNTIME_PARAM),
						 errmsg("parameter \"%s\" cannot be changed now",
								name)));
				return false;
			}

			/*
			 * Hmm, the idea of the SIGHUP context is "ought to be global,
			 * but can be changed after postmaster start". But there's
			 * nothing that prevents a crafty administrator from sending
			 * SIGHUP signals to individual backends only.
			 */
			break;
		case PGC_BACKEND:
			if (context == PGC_SIGHUP)
			{
				/*
				 * If a PGC_BACKEND parameter is changed in the config
				 * file, we want to accept the new value in the postmaster
				 * (whence it will propagate to subsequently-started
				 * backends), but ignore it in existing backends.  This is
				 * a tad klugy, but necessary because we don't re-read the
				 * config file during backend start.
				 */
				if (IsUnderPostmaster)
					return true;
			}
			else if (context != PGC_BACKEND && context != PGC_POSTMASTER)
			{
				ereport(elevel,
						(errcode(ERRCODE_CANT_CHANGE_RUNTIME_PARAM),
						 errmsg("parameter \"%s\" cannot be set after connection start",
								name)));
				return false;
			}
			break;
		case PGC_SUSET:
			if (context == PGC_USERSET || context == PGC_BACKEND)
			{
				ereport(elevel,
						(errcode(ERRCODE_INSUFFICIENT_PRIVILEGE),
					  errmsg("permission denied to set parameter \"%s\"",
							 name)));
				return false;
			}
			break;
		case PGC_USERSET:
			/* always okay */
			break;
	}

	/*
	 * Should we set reset/stacked values?	(If so, the behavior is not
	 * transactional.)
	 */
	makeDefault = changeVal && (source <= PGC_S_OVERRIDE) && (value != NULL);

	/*
	 * Ignore attempted set if overridden by previously processed setting.
	 * However, if changeVal is false then plow ahead anyway since we are
	 * trying to find out if the value is potentially good, not actually
	 * use it. Also keep going if makeDefault is true, since we may want
	 * to set the reset/stacked values even if we can't set the variable
	 * itself.
	 */
	if (record->source > source)
	{
		if (changeVal && !makeDefault)
		{
			elog(DEBUG3, "\"%s\": setting ignored because previous source is higher priority",
				 name);
			return true;
		}
		changeVal = false;
	}

	/*
	 * Evaluate value and set variable.
	 */
	switch (record->vartype)
	{
		case PGC_BOOL:
			{
				struct config_bool *conf = (struct config_bool *) record;
				bool		newval;

				if (value)
				{
					if (!parse_bool(value, &newval))
					{
						ereport(elevel,
								(errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_PARAMETER_VALUE),
								 errmsg("parameter \"%s\" requires a Boolean value",
										name)));
						return false;
					}
				}
				else
				{
					newval = conf->reset_val;
					source = conf->gen.reset_source;
				}

				if (conf->assign_hook)
					if (!(*conf->assign_hook) (newval, changeVal, source))
					{
						ereport(elevel,
								(errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_PARAMETER_VALUE),
						 errmsg("invalid value for parameter \"%s\": %d",
								name, (int) newval)));
						return false;
					}

				if (changeVal || makeDefault)
				{
					/* Save old value to support transaction abort */
					if (!makeDefault)
						push_old_value(&conf->gen);
					if (changeVal)
					{
						*conf->variable = newval;
						conf->gen.source = source;
					}
					if (makeDefault)
					{
						GucStack   *stack;

						if (conf->gen.reset_source <= source)
						{
							conf->reset_val = newval;
							conf->gen.reset_source = source;
						}
						for (stack = conf->gen.stack; stack; stack = stack->prev)
						{
							if (stack->source <= source)
							{
								stack->value.boolval = newval;
								stack->source = source;
							}
						}
					}
					else if (isLocal)
					{
						conf->gen.status |= GUC_HAVE_LOCAL;
						guc_dirty = true;
					}
					else
					{
						conf->tentative_val = newval;
						conf->gen.tentative_source = source;
						conf->gen.status |= GUC_HAVE_TENTATIVE;
						guc_dirty = true;
					}
				}
				break;
			}

		case PGC_INT:
			{
				struct config_int *conf = (struct config_int *) record;
				int			newval;

				if (value)
				{
					if (!parse_int(value, &newval))
					{
						ereport(elevel,
								(errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_PARAMETER_VALUE),
								 errmsg("parameter \"%s\" requires an integer value",
										name)));
						return false;
					}
					if (newval < conf->min || newval > conf->max)
					{
						ereport(elevel,
								(errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_PARAMETER_VALUE),
								 errmsg("%d is outside the valid range for parameter \"%s\" (%d .. %d)",
								   newval, name, conf->min, conf->max)));
						return false;
					}
				}
				else
				{
					newval = conf->reset_val;
					source = conf->gen.reset_source;
				}

				if (conf->assign_hook)
					if (!(*conf->assign_hook) (newval, changeVal, source))
					{
						ereport(elevel,
								(errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_PARAMETER_VALUE),
						 errmsg("invalid value for parameter \"%s\": %d",
								name, newval)));
						return false;
					}

				if (changeVal || makeDefault)
				{
					/* Save old value to support transaction abort */
					if (!makeDefault)
						push_old_value(&conf->gen);
					if (changeVal)
					{
						*conf->variable = newval;
						conf->gen.source = source;
					}
					if (makeDefault)
					{
						GucStack   *stack;

						if (conf->gen.reset_source <= source)
						{
							conf->reset_val = newval;
							conf->gen.reset_source = source;
						}
						for (stack = conf->gen.stack; stack; stack = stack->prev)
						{
							if (stack->source <= source)
							{
								stack->value.intval = newval;
								stack->source = source;
							}
						}
					}
					else if (isLocal)
					{
						conf->gen.status |= GUC_HAVE_LOCAL;
						guc_dirty = true;
					}
					else
					{
						conf->tentative_val = newval;
						conf->gen.tentative_source = source;
						conf->gen.status |= GUC_HAVE_TENTATIVE;
						guc_dirty = true;
					}
				}
				break;
			}

		case PGC_REAL:
			{
				struct config_real *conf = (struct config_real *) record;
				double		newval;

				if (value)
				{
					if (!parse_real(value, &newval))
					{
						ereport(elevel,
								(errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_PARAMETER_VALUE),
								 errmsg("parameter \"%s\" requires a numeric value",
										name)));
						return false;
					}
					if (newval < conf->min || newval > conf->max)
					{
						ereport(elevel,
								(errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_PARAMETER_VALUE),
								 errmsg("%g is outside the valid range for parameter \"%s\" (%g .. %g)",
								   newval, name, conf->min, conf->max)));
						return false;
					}
				}
				else
				{
					newval = conf->reset_val;
					source = conf->gen.reset_source;
				}

				if (conf->assign_hook)
					if (!(*conf->assign_hook) (newval, changeVal, source))
					{
						ereport(elevel,
								(errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_PARAMETER_VALUE),
						 errmsg("invalid value for parameter \"%s\": %g",
								name, newval)));
						return false;
					}

				if (changeVal || makeDefault)
				{
					/* Save old value to support transaction abort */
					if (!makeDefault)
						push_old_value(&conf->gen);
					if (changeVal)
					{
						*conf->variable = newval;
						conf->gen.source = source;
					}
					if (makeDefault)
					{
						GucStack   *stack;

						if (conf->gen.reset_source <= source)
						{
							conf->reset_val = newval;
							conf->gen.reset_source = source;
						}
						for (stack = conf->gen.stack; stack; stack = stack->prev)
						{
							if (stack->source <= source)
							{
								stack->value.realval = newval;
								stack->source = source;
							}
						}
					}
					else if (isLocal)
					{
						conf->gen.status |= GUC_HAVE_LOCAL;
						guc_dirty = true;
					}
					else
					{
						conf->tentative_val = newval;
						conf->gen.tentative_source = source;
						conf->gen.status |= GUC_HAVE_TENTATIVE;
						guc_dirty = true;
					}
				}
				break;
			}

		case PGC_STRING:
			{
				struct config_string *conf = (struct config_string *) record;
				char	   *newval;

				if (value)
				{
					newval = guc_strdup(elevel, value);
					if (newval == NULL)
						return false;
				}
				else if (conf->reset_val)
				{
					/*
					 * We could possibly avoid strdup here, but easier to
					 * make this case work the same as the normal
					 * assignment case.
					 */
					newval = guc_strdup(elevel, conf->reset_val);
					if (newval == NULL)
						return false;
					source = conf->gen.reset_source;
				}
				else
				{
					/* Nothing to reset to, as yet; so do nothing */
					break;
				}

				if (conf->assign_hook)
				{
					const char *hookresult;

					/*
					 * If the hook ereports, we have to make sure we free
					 * newval, else it will be a permanent memory leak.
					 */
					hookresult = call_string_assign_hook(conf->assign_hook,
														 newval,
														 changeVal,
														 source);
					if (hookresult == NULL)
					{
						free(newval);
						ereport(elevel,
								(errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_PARAMETER_VALUE),
								 errmsg("invalid value for parameter \"%s\": \"%s\"",
										name, value ? value : "")));
						return false;
					}
					else if (hookresult != newval)
					{
						free(newval);

						/*
						 * Having to cast away const here is annoying, but
						 * the alternative is to declare assign_hooks as
						 * returning char*, which would mean they'd have
						 * to cast away const, or as both taking and
						 * returning char*, which doesn't seem attractive
						 * either --- we don't want them to scribble on
						 * the passed str.
						 */
						newval = (char *) hookresult;
					}
				}

				if (changeVal || makeDefault)
				{
					/* Save old value to support transaction abort */
					if (!makeDefault)
						push_old_value(&conf->gen);
					if (changeVal)
					{
						set_string_field(conf, conf->variable, newval);
						conf->gen.source = source;
					}
					if (makeDefault)
					{
						GucStack   *stack;

						if (conf->gen.reset_source <= source)
						{
							set_string_field(conf, &conf->reset_val, newval);
							conf->gen.reset_source = source;
						}
						for (stack = conf->gen.stack; stack; stack = stack->prev)
						{
							if (stack->source <= source)
							{
								set_string_field(conf, &stack->value.stringval,
												 newval);
								stack->source = source;
							}
						}
						/* Perhaps we didn't install newval anywhere */
						if (!string_field_used(conf, newval))
							free(newval);
					}
					else if (isLocal)
					{
						conf->gen.status |= GUC_HAVE_LOCAL;
						guc_dirty = true;
					}
					else
					{
						set_string_field(conf, &conf->tentative_val, newval);
						conf->gen.tentative_source = source;
						conf->gen.status |= GUC_HAVE_TENTATIVE;
						guc_dirty = true;
					}
				}
				else
					free(newval);
				break;
			}
	}

	if (changeVal && (record->flags & GUC_REPORT))
		ReportGUCOption(record);

	return true;
}


/*
 * Set a config option to the given value. See also set_config_option,
 * this is just the wrapper to be called from outside GUC.	NB: this
 * is used only for non-transactional operations.
 */
void
SetConfigOption(const char *name, const char *value,
				GucContext context, GucSource source)
{
	(void) set_config_option(name, value, context, source, false, true);
}



/*
 * Fetch the current value of the option `name'. If the option doesn't exist,
 * throw an ereport and don't return.
 *
 * The string is *not* allocated for modification and is really only
 * valid until the next call to configuration related functions.
 */
const char *
GetConfigOption(const char *name)
{
	struct config_generic *record;
	static char buffer[256];

	record = find_option(name, ERROR);
	if (record == NULL)
		ereport(ERROR,
				(errcode(ERRCODE_UNDEFINED_OBJECT),
		   errmsg("unrecognized configuration parameter \"%s\"", name)));
	if ((record->flags & GUC_SUPERUSER_ONLY) && !superuser())
		ereport(ERROR,
				(errcode(ERRCODE_INSUFFICIENT_PRIVILEGE),
				 errmsg("must be superuser to examine \"%s\"", name)));

	switch (record->vartype)
	{
		case PGC_BOOL:
			return *((struct config_bool *) record)->variable ? "on" : "off";

		case PGC_INT:
			snprintf(buffer, sizeof(buffer), "%d",
					 *((struct config_int *) record)->variable);
			return buffer;

		case PGC_REAL:
			snprintf(buffer, sizeof(buffer), "%g",
					 *((struct config_real *) record)->variable);
			return buffer;

		case PGC_STRING:
			return *((struct config_string *) record)->variable;
	}
	return NULL;
}

/*
 * Get the RESET value associated with the given option.
 */
const char *
GetConfigOptionResetString(const char *name)
{
	struct config_generic *record;
	static char buffer[256];

	record = find_option(name, ERROR);
	if (record == NULL)
		ereport(ERROR,
				(errcode(ERRCODE_UNDEFINED_OBJECT),
		   errmsg("unrecognized configuration parameter \"%s\"", name)));
	if ((record->flags & GUC_SUPERUSER_ONLY) && !superuser())
		ereport(ERROR,
				(errcode(ERRCODE_INSUFFICIENT_PRIVILEGE),
				 errmsg("must be superuser to examine \"%s\"", name)));

	switch (record->vartype)
	{
		case PGC_BOOL:
			return ((struct config_bool *) record)->reset_val ? "on" : "off";

		case PGC_INT:
			snprintf(buffer, sizeof(buffer), "%d",
					 ((struct config_int *) record)->reset_val);
			return buffer;

		case PGC_REAL:
			snprintf(buffer, sizeof(buffer), "%g",
					 ((struct config_real *) record)->reset_val);
			return buffer;

		case PGC_STRING:
			return ((struct config_string *) record)->reset_val;
	}
	return NULL;
}

/*
 * Detect whether the given configuration option can only be set by
 * a superuser.
 */
bool
IsSuperuserConfigOption(const char *name)
{
	struct config_generic *record;

	record = find_option(name, ERROR);
	/* On an unrecognized name, don't error, just return false. */
	if (record == NULL)
		return false;
	return (record->context == PGC_SUSET);
}


/*
 * flatten_set_variable_args
 *		Given a parsenode List as emitted by the grammar for SET,
 *		convert to the flat string representation used by GUC.
 *
 * We need to be told the name of the variable the args are for, because
 * the flattening rules vary (ugh).
 *
 * The result is NULL if input is NIL (ie, SET ... TO DEFAULT), otherwise
 * a palloc'd string.
 */
char *
flatten_set_variable_args(const char *name, List *args)
{
	struct config_generic *record;
	int			flags;
	StringInfoData buf;
	ListCell   *l;

	/*
	 * Fast path if just DEFAULT.  We do not check the variable name in
	 * this case --- necessary for RESET ALL to work correctly.
	 */
	if (args == NIL)
		return NULL;

	/* Else get flags for the variable */
	record = find_option(name, ERROR);
	if (record == NULL)
		ereport(ERROR,
				(errcode(ERRCODE_UNDEFINED_OBJECT),
		   errmsg("unrecognized configuration parameter \"%s\"", name)));

	flags = record->flags;

	/* Complain if list input and non-list variable */
	if ((flags & GUC_LIST_INPUT) == 0 &&
		list_length(args) != 1)
		ereport(ERROR,
				(errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_PARAMETER_VALUE),
				 errmsg("SET %s takes only one argument", name)));

	initStringInfo(&buf);

	foreach(l, args)
	{
		A_Const    *arg = (A_Const *) lfirst(l);
		char	   *val;

		if (l != list_head(args))
			appendStringInfo(&buf, ", ");

		if (!IsA(arg, A_Const))
			elog(ERROR, "unrecognized node type: %d", (int) nodeTag(arg));

		switch (nodeTag(&arg->val))
		{
			case T_Integer:
				appendStringInfo(&buf, "%ld", intVal(&arg->val));
				break;
			case T_Float:
				/* represented as a string, so just copy it */
				appendStringInfoString(&buf, strVal(&arg->val));
				break;
			case T_String:
				val = strVal(&arg->val);
				if (arg->typename != NULL)
				{
					/*
					 * Must be a ConstInterval argument for TIME ZONE.
					 * Coerce to interval and back to normalize the value
					 * and account for any typmod.
					 */
					Datum interval;
					char	   *intervalout;

					interval =
					DirectFunctionCall3(interval_in,
										CStringGetDatum(val),
										ObjectIdGetDatum(InvalidOid),
								   Int32GetDatum(arg->typename->typmod));

					intervalout =
						DatumGetCString(DirectFunctionCall1(interval_out,
															interval));
					appendStringInfo(&buf, "INTERVAL '%s'", intervalout);
				}
				else
				{
					/*
					 * Plain string literal or identifier.	For quote
					 * mode, quote it if it's not a vanilla identifier.
					 */
					if (flags & GUC_LIST_QUOTE)
						appendStringInfoString(&buf, quote_identifier(val));
					else
						appendStringInfoString(&buf, val);
				}
				break;
			default:
				elog(ERROR, "unrecognized node type: %d",
					 (int) nodeTag(&arg->val));
				break;
		}
	}

	return buf.data;
}


/*
 * SET command
 */
void
SetPGVariable(const char *name, List *args, bool is_local)
{
	char	   *argstring = flatten_set_variable_args(name, args);

	/* Note SET DEFAULT (argstring == NULL) is equivalent to RESET */
	set_config_option(name,
					  argstring,
					  (superuser() ? PGC_SUSET : PGC_USERSET),
					  PGC_S_SESSION,
					  is_local,
					  true);
}

/*
 * SET command wrapped as a SQL callable function.
 */
Datum
set_config_by_name(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
{
	char	   *name;
	char	   *value;
	char	   *new_value;
	bool		is_local;
	text	   *result_text;

	if (PG_ARGISNULL(0))
		ereport(ERROR,
				(errcode(ERRCODE_NULL_VALUE_NOT_ALLOWED),
				 errmsg("SET requires parameter name")));

	/* Get the GUC variable name */
	name = DatumGetCString(DirectFunctionCall1(textout, PG_GETARG_DATUM(0)));

	/* Get the desired value or set to NULL for a reset request */
	if (PG_ARGISNULL(1))
		value = NULL;
	else
		value = DatumGetCString(DirectFunctionCall1(textout, PG_GETARG_DATUM(1)));

	/*
	 * Get the desired state of is_local. Default to false if provided
	 * value is NULL
	 */
	if (PG_ARGISNULL(2))
		is_local = false;
	else
		is_local = PG_GETARG_BOOL(2);

	/* Note SET DEFAULT (argstring == NULL) is equivalent to RESET */
	set_config_option(name,
					  value,
					  (superuser() ? PGC_SUSET : PGC_USERSET),
					  PGC_S_SESSION,
					  is_local,
					  true);

	/* get the new current value */
	new_value = GetConfigOptionByName(name, NULL);

	/* Convert return string to text */
	result_text = DatumGetTextP(DirectFunctionCall1(textin, CStringGetDatum(new_value)));

	/* return it */
	PG_RETURN_TEXT_P(result_text);
}

static void
define_custom_variable(struct config_generic * variable)
{
	const char *name = variable->name;
	const char **nameAddr = &name;
	const char *value;
	struct config_string *pHolder;
	struct config_generic **res = (struct config_generic **) bsearch(
													  (void *) &nameAddr,
												  (void *) guc_variables,
													   num_guc_variables,
										 sizeof(struct config_generic *),
														guc_var_compare);

	if (res == NULL)
	{
		add_guc_variable(variable, ERROR);
		return;
	}

	/*
	 * This better be a placeholder
	 */
	if (((*res)->flags & GUC_CUSTOM_PLACEHOLDER) == 0)
		ereport(ERROR,
				(errcode(ERRCODE_INTERNAL_ERROR),
				 errmsg("attempt to redefine parameter \"%s\"", name)));

	Assert((*res)->vartype == PGC_STRING);
	pHolder = (struct config_string *) * res;

	/* We have the same name, no sorting is necessary */
	*res = variable;

	value = *pHolder->variable;

	/*
	 * Assign the string value stored in the placeholder to the real
	 * variable.
	 *
	 * XXX this is not really good enough --- it should be a nontransactional
	 * assignment, since we don't want it to roll back if the current xact
	 * fails later.
	 */
	set_config_option(name, value,
					  pHolder->gen.context, pHolder->gen.source,
					  false, true);

	/*
	 * Free up as much as we conveniently can of the placeholder structure
	 * (this neglects any stack items...)
	 */
	set_string_field(pHolder, pHolder->variable, NULL);
	set_string_field(pHolder, &pHolder->reset_val, NULL);
	set_string_field(pHolder, &pHolder->tentative_val, NULL);

	free(pHolder);
}

static void
init_custom_variable(struct config_generic * gen,
					 const char *name,
					 const char *short_desc,
					 const char *long_desc,
					 GucContext context,
					 enum config_type type)
{
	gen->name = guc_strdup(ERROR, name);
	gen->context = context;
	gen->group = CUSTOM_OPTIONS;
	gen->short_desc = short_desc;
	gen->long_desc = long_desc;
	gen->vartype = type;
}

void
DefineCustomBoolVariable(const char *name,
						 const char *short_desc,
						 const char *long_desc,
						 bool *valueAddr,
						 GucContext context,
						 GucBoolAssignHook assign_hook,
						 GucShowHook show_hook)
{
	size_t		sz = sizeof(struct config_bool);
	struct config_bool *var = (struct config_bool *) guc_malloc(ERROR, sz);

	memset(var, 0, sz);
	init_custom_variable(&var->gen, name, short_desc, long_desc, context, PGC_BOOL);

	var->variable = valueAddr;
	var->reset_val = *valueAddr;
	var->assign_hook = assign_hook;
	var->show_hook = show_hook;
	define_custom_variable(&var->gen);
}

void
DefineCustomIntVariable(const char *name,
						const char *short_desc,
						const char *long_desc,
						int *valueAddr,
						int minValue,
						int maxValue,
						GucContext context,
						GucIntAssignHook assign_hook,
						GucShowHook show_hook)
{
	size_t		sz = sizeof(struct config_int);
	struct config_int *var = (struct config_int *) guc_malloc(ERROR, sz);

	memset(var, 0, sz);
	init_custom_variable(&var->gen, name, short_desc, long_desc, context, PGC_INT);

	var->variable = valueAddr;
	var->reset_val = *valueAddr;
	var->min = minValue;
	var->max = maxValue;
	var->assign_hook = assign_hook;
	var->show_hook = show_hook;
	define_custom_variable(&var->gen);
}

void
DefineCustomRealVariable(const char *name,
						 const char *short_desc,
						 const char *long_desc,
						 double *valueAddr,
						 double minValue,
						 double maxValue,
						 GucContext context,
						 GucRealAssignHook assign_hook,
						 GucShowHook show_hook)
{
	size_t		sz = sizeof(struct config_real);
	struct config_real *var = (struct config_real *) guc_malloc(ERROR, sz);

	memset(var, 0, sz);
	init_custom_variable(&var->gen, name, short_desc, long_desc, context, PGC_REAL);

	var->variable = valueAddr;
	var->reset_val = *valueAddr;
	var->min = minValue;
	var->max = maxValue;
	var->assign_hook = assign_hook;
	var->show_hook = show_hook;
	define_custom_variable(&var->gen);
}

void
DefineCustomStringVariable(const char *name,
						   const char *short_desc,
						   const char *long_desc,
						   char **valueAddr,
						   GucContext context,
						   GucStringAssignHook assign_hook,
						   GucShowHook show_hook)
{
	size_t		sz = sizeof(struct config_string);
	struct config_string *var = (struct config_string *) guc_malloc(ERROR, sz);

	memset(var, 0, sz);
	init_custom_variable(&var->gen, name, short_desc, long_desc, context, PGC_STRING);

	var->variable = valueAddr;
	var->reset_val = *valueAddr;
	var->assign_hook = assign_hook;
	var->show_hook = show_hook;
	define_custom_variable(&var->gen);
}

void
EmitWarningsOnPlaceholders(const char *className)
{
	struct config_generic **vars = guc_variables;
	struct config_generic **last = vars + num_guc_variables;

	int			nameLen = strlen(className);

	while (vars < last)
	{
		struct config_generic *var = *vars++;

		if ((var->flags & GUC_CUSTOM_PLACEHOLDER) != 0 &&
			strncmp(className, var->name, nameLen) == 0 &&
			var->name[nameLen] == GUC_QUALIFIER_SEPARATOR)
		{
			ereport(INFO,
					(errcode(ERRCODE_UNDEFINED_OBJECT),
					 errmsg("unrecognized configuration parameter \"%s\"", var->name)));
		}
	}
}


/*
 * SHOW command
 */
void
GetPGVariable(const char *name, DestReceiver *dest)
{
	if (pg_strcasecmp(name, "all") == 0)
		ShowAllGUCConfig(dest);
	else
		ShowGUCConfigOption(name, dest);
}

TupleDesc
GetPGVariableResultDesc(const char *name)
{
	TupleDesc	tupdesc;

	if (pg_strcasecmp(name, "all") == 0)
	{
		/* need a tuple descriptor representing three TEXT columns */
		tupdesc = CreateTemplateTupleDesc(3, false);
		TupleDescInitEntry(tupdesc, (AttrNumber) 1, "name",
						   TEXTOID, -1, 0);
		TupleDescInitEntry(tupdesc, (AttrNumber) 2, "setting",
						   TEXTOID, -1, 0);
		TupleDescInitEntry(tupdesc, (AttrNumber) 3, "description",
						   TEXTOID, -1, 0);

	}
	else
	{
		const char *varname;

		/* Get the canonical spelling of name */
		(void) GetConfigOptionByName(name, &varname);

		/* need a tuple descriptor representing a single TEXT column */
		tupdesc = CreateTemplateTupleDesc(1, false);
		TupleDescInitEntry(tupdesc, (AttrNumber) 1, varname,
						   TEXTOID, -1, 0);
	}
	return tupdesc;
}

/*
 * RESET command
 */
void
ResetPGVariable(const char *name)
{
	if (pg_strcasecmp(name, "all") == 0)
		ResetAllOptions();
	else
		set_config_option(name,
						  NULL,
						  (superuser() ? PGC_SUSET : PGC_USERSET),
						  PGC_S_SESSION,
						  false,
						  true);
}


/*
 * SHOW command
 */
static void
ShowGUCConfigOption(const char *name, DestReceiver *dest)
{
	TupOutputState *tstate;
	TupleDesc	tupdesc;
	const char *varname;
	char	   *value;

	/* Get the value and canonical spelling of name */
	value = GetConfigOptionByName(name, &varname);

	/* need a tuple descriptor representing a single TEXT column */
	tupdesc = CreateTemplateTupleDesc(1, false);
	TupleDescInitEntry(tupdesc, (AttrNumber) 1, varname,
					   TEXTOID, -1, 0);

	/* prepare for projection of tuples */
	tstate = begin_tup_output_tupdesc(dest, tupdesc);

	/* Send it */
	do_text_output_oneline(tstate, value);

	end_tup_output(tstate);
}

/*
 * SHOW ALL command
 */
static void
ShowAllGUCConfig(DestReceiver *dest)
{
	bool		am_superuser = superuser();
	int			i;
	TupOutputState *tstate;
	TupleDesc	tupdesc;
	char	   *values[3];

	/* need a tuple descriptor representing three TEXT columns */
	tupdesc = CreateTemplateTupleDesc(3, false);
	TupleDescInitEntry(tupdesc, (AttrNumber) 1, "name",
					   TEXTOID, -1, 0);
	TupleDescInitEntry(tupdesc, (AttrNumber) 2, "setting",
					   TEXTOID, -1, 0);
	TupleDescInitEntry(tupdesc, (AttrNumber) 3, "description",
					   TEXTOID, -1, 0);
					   

	/* prepare for projection of tuples */
	tstate = begin_tup_output_tupdesc(dest, tupdesc);

	for (i = 0; i < num_guc_variables; i++)
	{
		struct config_generic *conf = guc_variables[i];

		if ((conf->flags & GUC_NO_SHOW_ALL) ||
			((conf->flags & GUC_SUPERUSER_ONLY) && !am_superuser))
			continue;

		/* assign to the values array */
		values[0] = (char *) conf->name;
		values[1] = _ShowOption(conf);
		values[2] = (char *) conf->short_desc;

		/* send it to dest */
		do_tup_output(tstate, values);

		/* clean up */
		if (values[1] != NULL)
			pfree(values[1]);
	}

	end_tup_output(tstate);
}

/*
 * Return GUC variable value by name; optionally return canonical
 * form of name.  Return value is palloc'd.
 */
char *
GetConfigOptionByName(const char *name, const char **varname)
{
	struct config_generic *record;

	record = find_option(name, ERROR);
	if (record == NULL)
		ereport(ERROR,
				(errcode(ERRCODE_UNDEFINED_OBJECT),
		   errmsg("unrecognized configuration parameter \"%s\"", name)));
	if ((record->flags & GUC_SUPERUSER_ONLY) && !superuser())
		ereport(ERROR,
				(errcode(ERRCODE_INSUFFICIENT_PRIVILEGE),
				 errmsg("must be superuser to examine \"%s\"", name)));

	if (varname)
		*varname = record->name;

	return _ShowOption(record);
}

/*
 * Return GUC variable value by variable number; optionally return canonical
 * form of name.  Return value is palloc'd.
 */
void
GetConfigOptionByNum(int varnum, const char **values, bool *noshow)
{
	char		buffer[256];
	struct config_generic *conf;

	/* check requested variable number valid */
	Assert((varnum >= 0) && (varnum < num_guc_variables));

	conf = guc_variables[varnum];

	if (noshow)
	{
		if ((conf->flags & GUC_NO_SHOW_ALL) ||
			((conf->flags & GUC_SUPERUSER_ONLY) && !superuser()))
			*noshow = true;
		else
			*noshow = false;
	}

	/* first get the generic attributes */

	/* name */
	values[0] = conf->name;

	/* setting : use _ShowOption in order to avoid duplicating the logic */
	values[1] = _ShowOption(conf);

	/* group */
	values[2] = config_group_names[conf->group];

	/* short_desc */
	values[3] = conf->short_desc;

	/* extra_desc */
	values[4] = conf->long_desc;

	/* context */
	values[5] = GucContext_Names[conf->context];

	/* vartype */
	values[6] = config_type_names[conf->vartype];

	/* source */
	values[7] = GucSource_Names[conf->source];

	/* now get the type specifc attributes */
	switch (conf->vartype)
	{
		case PGC_BOOL:
			{
				/* min_val */
				values[8] = NULL;

				/* max_val */
				values[9] = NULL;
			}
			break;

		case PGC_INT:
			{
				struct config_int *lconf = (struct config_int *) conf;

				/* min_val */
				snprintf(buffer, sizeof(buffer), "%d", lconf->min);
				values[8] = pstrdup(buffer);

				/* max_val */
				snprintf(buffer, sizeof(buffer), "%d", lconf->max);
				values[9] = pstrdup(buffer);
			}
			break;

		case PGC_REAL:
			{
				struct config_real *lconf = (struct config_real *) conf;

				/* min_val */
				snprintf(buffer, sizeof(buffer), "%g", lconf->min);
				values[8] = pstrdup(buffer);

				/* max_val */
				snprintf(buffer, sizeof(buffer), "%g", lconf->max);
				values[9] = pstrdup(buffer);
			}
			break;

		case PGC_STRING:
			{
				/* min_val */
				values[8] = NULL;

				/* max_val */
				values[9] = NULL;
			}
			break;

		default:
			{
				/*
				 * should never get here, but in case we do, set 'em to
				 * NULL
				 */

				/* min_val */
				values[8] = NULL;

				/* max_val */
				values[9] = NULL;
			}
			break;
	}
}

/*
 * Return the total number of GUC variables
 */
int
GetNumConfigOptions(void)
{
	return num_guc_variables;
}

/*
 * show_config_by_name - equiv to SHOW X command but implemented as
 * a function.
 */
Datum
show_config_by_name(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
{
	char	   *varname;
	char	   *varval;
	text	   *result_text;

	/* Get the GUC variable name */
	varname = DatumGetCString(DirectFunctionCall1(textout, PG_GETARG_DATUM(0)));

	/* Get the value */
	varval = GetConfigOptionByName(varname, NULL);

	/* Convert to text */
	result_text = DatumGetTextP(DirectFunctionCall1(textin, CStringGetDatum(varval)));

	/* return it */
	PG_RETURN_TEXT_P(result_text);
}

/*
 * show_all_settings - equiv to SHOW ALL command but implemented as
 * a Table Function.
 */
#define NUM_PG_SETTINGS_ATTS	10

Datum
show_all_settings(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
{
	FuncCallContext *funcctx;
	TupleDesc	tupdesc;
	int			call_cntr;
	int			max_calls;
	AttInMetadata *attinmeta;
	MemoryContext oldcontext;

	/* stuff done only on the first call of the function */
	if (SRF_IS_FIRSTCALL())
	{
		/* create a function context for cross-call persistence */
		funcctx = SRF_FIRSTCALL_INIT();

		/*
		 * switch to memory context appropriate for multiple function
		 * calls
		 */
		oldcontext = MemoryContextSwitchTo(funcctx->multi_call_memory_ctx);

		/*
		 * need a tuple descriptor representing NUM_PG_SETTINGS_ATTS
		 * columns of the appropriate types
		 */
		tupdesc = CreateTemplateTupleDesc(NUM_PG_SETTINGS_ATTS, false);
		TupleDescInitEntry(tupdesc, (AttrNumber) 1, "name",
						   TEXTOID, -1, 0);
		TupleDescInitEntry(tupdesc, (AttrNumber) 2, "setting",
						   TEXTOID, -1, 0);
		TupleDescInitEntry(tupdesc, (AttrNumber) 3, "category",
						   TEXTOID, -1, 0);
		TupleDescInitEntry(tupdesc, (AttrNumber) 4, "short_desc",
						   TEXTOID, -1, 0);
		TupleDescInitEntry(tupdesc, (AttrNumber) 5, "extra_desc",
						   TEXTOID, -1, 0);
		TupleDescInitEntry(tupdesc, (AttrNumber) 6, "context",
						   TEXTOID, -1, 0);
		TupleDescInitEntry(tupdesc, (AttrNumber) 7, "vartype",
						   TEXTOID, -1, 0);
		TupleDescInitEntry(tupdesc, (AttrNumber) 8, "source",
						   TEXTOID, -1, 0);
		TupleDescInitEntry(tupdesc, (AttrNumber) 9, "min_val",
						   TEXTOID, -1, 0);
		TupleDescInitEntry(tupdesc, (AttrNumber) 10, "max_val",
						   TEXTOID, -1, 0);

		/*
		 * Generate attribute metadata needed later to produce tuples from
		 * raw C strings
		 */
		attinmeta = TupleDescGetAttInMetadata(tupdesc);
		funcctx->attinmeta = attinmeta;

		/* total number of tuples to be returned */
		funcctx->max_calls = GetNumConfigOptions();

		MemoryContextSwitchTo(oldcontext);
	}

	/* stuff done on every call of the function */
	funcctx = SRF_PERCALL_SETUP();

	call_cntr = funcctx->call_cntr;
	max_calls = funcctx->max_calls;
	attinmeta = funcctx->attinmeta;

	if (call_cntr < max_calls)	/* do when there is more left to send */
	{
		char	   *values[NUM_PG_SETTINGS_ATTS];
		bool		noshow;
		HeapTuple	tuple;
		Datum		result;

		/*
		 * Get the next visible GUC variable name and value
		 */
		do
		{
			GetConfigOptionByNum(call_cntr, (const char **) values, &noshow);
			if (noshow)
			{
				/* bump the counter and get the next config setting */
				call_cntr = ++funcctx->call_cntr;

				/* make sure we haven't gone too far now */
				if (call_cntr >= max_calls)
					SRF_RETURN_DONE(funcctx);
			}
		} while (noshow);

		/* build a tuple */
		tuple = BuildTupleFromCStrings(attinmeta, values);

		/* make the tuple into a datum */
		result = HeapTupleGetDatum(tuple);

		SRF_RETURN_NEXT(funcctx, result);
	}
	else
	{
		/* do when there is no more left */
		SRF_RETURN_DONE(funcctx);
	}
}

static char *
_ShowOption(struct config_generic * record)
{
	char		buffer[256];
	const char *val;

	switch (record->vartype)
	{
		case PGC_BOOL:
			{
				struct config_bool *conf = (struct config_bool *) record;

				if (conf->show_hook)
					val = (*conf->show_hook) ();
				else
					val = *conf->variable ? "on" : "off";
			}
			break;

		case PGC_INT:
			{
				struct config_int *conf = (struct config_int *) record;

				if (conf->show_hook)
					val = (*conf->show_hook) ();
				else
				{
					snprintf(buffer, sizeof(buffer), "%d",
							 *conf->variable);
					val = buffer;
				}
			}
			break;

		case PGC_REAL:
			{
				struct config_real *conf = (struct config_real *) record;

				if (conf->show_hook)
					val = (*conf->show_hook) ();
				else
				{
					snprintf(buffer, sizeof(buffer), "%g",
							 *conf->variable);
					val = buffer;
				}
			}
			break;

		case PGC_STRING:
			{
				struct config_string *conf = (struct config_string *) record;

				if (conf->show_hook)
					val = (*conf->show_hook) ();
				else if (*conf->variable && **conf->variable)
					val = *conf->variable;
				else
					val = "unset";
			}
			break;

		default:
			/* just to keep compiler quiet */
			val = "???";
			break;
	}

	return pstrdup(val);
}


#ifdef EXEC_BACKEND

/*
 *	This routine dumps out all non-default GUC options into a binary
 *	file that is read by all exec'ed backends.  The format is:
 *
 *		variable name, string, null terminated
 *		variable value, string, null terminated
 *		variable source, integer
 */
void
write_nondefault_variables(GucContext context)
{
	int			i;
	int			elevel;
	FILE	   *fp;

	Assert(context == PGC_POSTMASTER || context == PGC_SIGHUP);

	elevel = (context == PGC_SIGHUP) ? LOG : ERROR;

	/*
	 * Open file
	 */
	fp = AllocateFile(CONFIG_EXEC_PARAMS_NEW, "w");
	if (!fp)
	{
		ereport(elevel,
				(errcode_for_file_access(),
				 errmsg("could not write to file \"%s\": %m",
						CONFIG_EXEC_PARAMS_NEW)));
		return;
	}

	for (i = 0; i < num_guc_variables; i++)
	{
		struct config_generic *gconf = guc_variables[i];

		if (gconf->source != PGC_S_DEFAULT)
		{
			fprintf(fp, "%s", gconf->name);
			fputc(0, fp);

			switch (gconf->vartype)
			{
				case PGC_BOOL:
					{
						struct config_bool *conf = (struct config_bool *) gconf;

						if (*conf->variable == 0)
							fprintf(fp, "false");
						else
							fprintf(fp, "true");
					}
					break;

				case PGC_INT:
					{
						struct config_int *conf = (struct config_int *) gconf;

						fprintf(fp, "%d", *conf->variable);
					}
					break;

				case PGC_REAL:
					{
						struct config_real *conf = (struct config_real *) gconf;

						/* Could lose precision here? */
						fprintf(fp, "%f", *conf->variable);
					}
					break;

				case PGC_STRING:
					{
						struct config_string *conf = (struct config_string *) gconf;

						fprintf(fp, "%s", *conf->variable);
					}
					break;
			}

			fputc(0, fp);

			fwrite(&gconf->source, sizeof(gconf->source), 1, fp);
		}
	}

	if (FreeFile(fp))
	{
		ereport(elevel,
				(errcode_for_file_access(),
				 errmsg("could not write to file \"%s\": %m",
						CONFIG_EXEC_PARAMS_NEW)));
		return;
	}

	/*
	 * Put new file in place.  This could delay on Win32, but we don't
	 * hold any exclusive locks.
	 */
	rename(CONFIG_EXEC_PARAMS_NEW, CONFIG_EXEC_PARAMS);
}


/*
 *	Read string, including null byte from file
 *
 *	Return NULL on EOF and nothing read
 */
static char *
read_string_with_null(FILE *fp)
{
	int			i = 0,
				ch,
				maxlen = 256;
	char	   *str = NULL;

	do
	{
		if ((ch = fgetc(fp)) == EOF)
		{
			if (i == 0)
				return NULL;
			else
				elog(FATAL, "invalid format of exec config params file");
		}
		if (i == 0)
			str = guc_malloc(FATAL, maxlen);
		else if (i == maxlen)
			str = guc_realloc(FATAL, str, maxlen *= 2);
		str[i++] = ch;
	} while (ch != 0);

	return str;
}


/*
 *	This routine loads a previous postmaster dump of its non-default
 *	settings.
 */
void
read_nondefault_variables(void)
{
	FILE	   *fp;
	char	   *varname,
			   *varvalue;
	int			varsource;

	/*
	 * Open file
	 */
	fp = AllocateFile(CONFIG_EXEC_PARAMS, "r");
	if (!fp)
	{
		/* File not found is fine */
		if (errno != ENOENT)
			ereport(FATAL,
					(errcode_for_file_access(),
					 errmsg("could not read from file \"%s\": %m",
							CONFIG_EXEC_PARAMS)));
		return;
	}

	for (;;)
	{
		struct config_generic *record;

		if ((varname = read_string_with_null(fp)) == NULL)
			break;

		if ((record = find_option(varname, FATAL)) == NULL)
			elog(FATAL, "failed to locate variable %s in exec config params file", varname);
		if ((varvalue = read_string_with_null(fp)) == NULL)
			elog(FATAL, "invalid format of exec config params file");
		if (fread(&varsource, sizeof(varsource), 1, fp) == 0)
			elog(FATAL, "invalid format of exec config params file");

		(void) set_config_option(varname, varvalue, record->context,
								 varsource, false, true);
		free(varname);
		free(varvalue);
	}

	FreeFile(fp);
}

#endif /* EXEC_BACKEND */


/*
 * A little "long argument" simulation, although not quite GNU
 * compliant. Takes a string of the form "some-option=some value" and
 * returns name = "some_option" and value = "some value" in malloc'ed
 * storage. Note that '-' is converted to '_' in the option name. If
 * there is no '=' in the input string then value will be NULL.
 */
void
ParseLongOption(const char *string, char **name, char **value)
{
	size_t		equal_pos;
	char	   *cp;

	AssertArg(string);
	AssertArg(name);
	AssertArg(value);

	equal_pos = strcspn(string, "=");

	if (string[equal_pos] == '=')
	{
		*name = guc_malloc(FATAL, equal_pos + 1);
		strncpy(*name, string, equal_pos);
		(*name)[equal_pos] = '\0';

		*value = guc_strdup(FATAL, &string[equal_pos + 1]);
	}
	else
	{
		/* no equal sign in string */
		*name = guc_strdup(FATAL, string);
		*value = NULL;
	}

	for (cp = *name; *cp; cp++)
		if (*cp == '-')
			*cp = '_';
}


/*
 * Handle options fetched from pg_database.datconfig or pg_authid.rolconfig.
 * The array parameter must be an array of TEXT (it must not be NULL).
 */
void
ProcessGUCArray(ArrayType *array, GucSource source)
{
	int			i;

	Assert(array != NULL);
	Assert(ARR_ELEMTYPE(array) == TEXTOID);
	Assert(ARR_NDIM(array) == 1);
	Assert(ARR_LBOUND(array)[0] == 1);
	Assert(source == PGC_S_DATABASE || source == PGC_S_USER);

	for (i = 1; i <= ARR_DIMS(array)[0]; i++)
	{
		Datum		d;
		bool		isnull;
		char	   *s;
		char	   *name;
		char	   *value;

		d = array_ref(array, 1, &i,
					  -1 /* varlenarray */ ,
					  -1 /* TEXT's typlen */ ,
					  false /* TEXT's typbyval */ ,
					  'i' /* TEXT's typalign */ ,
					  &isnull);

		if (isnull)
			continue;

		s = DatumGetCString(DirectFunctionCall1(textout, d));

		ParseLongOption(s, &name, &value);
		if (!value)
		{
			ereport(WARNING,
					(errcode(ERRCODE_SYNTAX_ERROR),
					 errmsg("could not parse setting for parameter \"%s\"", name)));
			free(name);
			continue;
		}

		/*
		 * We process all these options at SUSET level.  We assume that
		 * the right to insert an option into pg_database or pg_authid was
		 * checked when it was inserted.
		 */
		SetConfigOption(name, value, PGC_SUSET, source);

		free(name);
		if (value)
			free(value);
	}
}


/*
 * Add an entry to an option array.  The array parameter may be NULL
 * to indicate the current table entry is NULL.
 */
ArrayType *
GUCArrayAdd(ArrayType *array, const char *name, const char *value)
{
	const char *varname;
	Datum		datum;
	char	   *newval;
	ArrayType  *a;

	Assert(name);
	Assert(value);

	/* test if the option is valid */
	set_config_option(name, value,
					  superuser() ? PGC_SUSET : PGC_USERSET,
					  PGC_S_TEST, false, false);

	/* convert name to canonical spelling, so we can use plain strcmp */
	(void) GetConfigOptionByName(name, &varname);
	name = varname;

	newval = palloc(strlen(name) + 1 + strlen(value) + 1);
	sprintf(newval, "%s=%s", name, value);
	datum = DirectFunctionCall1(textin, CStringGetDatum(newval));

	if (array)
	{
		int			index;
		bool		isnull;
		int			i;

		Assert(ARR_ELEMTYPE(array) == TEXTOID);
		Assert(ARR_NDIM(array) == 1);
		Assert(ARR_LBOUND(array)[0] == 1);

		index = ARR_DIMS(array)[0] + 1; /* add after end */

		for (i = 1; i <= ARR_DIMS(array)[0]; i++)
		{
			Datum		d;
			char	   *current;

			d = array_ref(array, 1, &i,
						  -1 /* varlenarray */ ,
						  -1 /* TEXT's typlen */ ,
						  false /* TEXT's typbyval */ ,
						  'i' /* TEXT's typalign */ ,
						  &isnull);
			if (isnull)
				continue;
			current = DatumGetCString(DirectFunctionCall1(textout, d));
			if (strncmp(current, newval, strlen(name) + 1) == 0)
			{
				index = i;
				break;
			}
		}

		isnull = false;
		a = array_set(array, 1, &index,
					  datum,
					  -1 /* varlenarray */ ,
					  -1 /* TEXT's typlen */ ,
					  false /* TEXT's typbyval */ ,
					  'i' /* TEXT's typalign */ ,
					  &isnull);
	}
	else
		a = construct_array(&datum, 1,
							TEXTOID,
							-1, false, 'i');

	return a;
}


/*
 * Delete an entry from an option array.  The array parameter may be NULL
 * to indicate the current table entry is NULL.  Also, if the return value
 * is NULL then a null should be stored.
 */
ArrayType *
GUCArrayDelete(ArrayType *array, const char *name)
{
	const char *varname;
	ArrayType  *newarray;
	int			i;
	int			index;

	Assert(name);

	/* test if the option is valid */
	set_config_option(name, NULL,
					  superuser() ? PGC_SUSET : PGC_USERSET,
					  PGC_S_TEST, false, false);

	/* convert name to canonical spelling, so we can use plain strcmp */
	(void) GetConfigOptionByName(name, &varname);
	name = varname;

	/* if array is currently null, then surely nothing to delete */
	if (!array)
		return NULL;

	newarray = NULL;
	index = 1;

	for (i = 1; i <= ARR_DIMS(array)[0]; i++)
	{
		Datum		d;
		char	   *val;
		bool		isnull;

		d = array_ref(array, 1, &i,
					  -1 /* varlenarray */ ,
					  -1 /* TEXT's typlen */ ,
					  false /* TEXT's typbyval */ ,
					  'i' /* TEXT's typalign */ ,
					  &isnull);
		if (isnull)
			continue;
		val = DatumGetCString(DirectFunctionCall1(textout, d));

		/* ignore entry if it's what we want to delete */
		if (strncmp(val, name, strlen(name)) == 0
			&& val[strlen(name)] == '=')
			continue;

		/* else add it to the output array */
		if (newarray)
		{
			isnull = false;
			newarray = array_set(newarray, 1, &index,
								 d,
								 -1 /* varlenarray */ ,
								 -1 /* TEXT's typlen */ ,
								 false /* TEXT's typbyval */ ,
								 'i' /* TEXT's typalign */ ,
								 &isnull);
		}
		else
			newarray = construct_array(&d, 1,
									   TEXTOID,
									   -1, false, 'i');

		index++;
	}

	return newarray;
}


/*
 * assign_hook subroutines
 */

static const char *
assign_log_destination(const char *value, bool doit, GucSource source)
{
	char	   *rawstring;
	List	   *elemlist;
	ListCell   *l;
	int			newlogdest = 0;

	/* Need a modifiable copy of string */
	rawstring = pstrdup(value);

	/* Parse string into list of identifiers */
	if (!SplitIdentifierString(rawstring, ',', &elemlist))
	{
		/* syntax error in list */
		pfree(rawstring);
		list_free(elemlist);
		if (source >= PGC_S_INTERACTIVE)
			ereport(ERROR,
					(errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_PARAMETER_VALUE),
					 errmsg("invalid list syntax for parameter \"log_destination\"")));
		return NULL;
	}

	foreach(l, elemlist)
	{
		char	   *tok = (char *) lfirst(l);

		if (pg_strcasecmp(tok, "stderr") == 0)
			newlogdest |= LOG_DESTINATION_STDERR;
#ifdef HAVE_SYSLOG
		else if (pg_strcasecmp(tok, "syslog") == 0)
			newlogdest |= LOG_DESTINATION_SYSLOG;
#endif
#ifdef WIN32
		else if (pg_strcasecmp(tok, "eventlog") == 0)
			newlogdest |= LOG_DESTINATION_EVENTLOG;
#endif
		else
		{
			if (source >= PGC_S_INTERACTIVE)
				ereport(ERROR,
						(errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_PARAMETER_VALUE),
						 errmsg("unrecognized \"log_destination\" key word: \"%s\"",
								tok)));
			pfree(rawstring);
			list_free(elemlist);
			return NULL;
		}
	}

	if (doit)
		Log_destination = newlogdest;

	pfree(rawstring);
	list_free(elemlist);

	return value;
}

#ifdef HAVE_SYSLOG

static const char *
assign_syslog_facility(const char *facility, bool doit, GucSource source)
{
	int		syslog_fac;

	if (pg_strcasecmp(facility, "LOCAL0") == 0)
		syslog_fac = LOG_LOCAL0;
	else if (pg_strcasecmp(facility, "LOCAL1") == 0)
		syslog_fac = LOG_LOCAL1;
	else if (pg_strcasecmp(facility, "LOCAL2") == 0)
		syslog_fac = LOG_LOCAL2;
	else if (pg_strcasecmp(facility, "LOCAL3") == 0)
		syslog_fac = LOG_LOCAL3;
	else if (pg_strcasecmp(facility, "LOCAL4") == 0)
		syslog_fac = LOG_LOCAL4;
	else if (pg_strcasecmp(facility, "LOCAL5") == 0)
		syslog_fac = LOG_LOCAL5;
	else if (pg_strcasecmp(facility, "LOCAL6") == 0)
		syslog_fac = LOG_LOCAL6;
	else if (pg_strcasecmp(facility, "LOCAL7") == 0)
		syslog_fac = LOG_LOCAL7;
	else
		return NULL;			/* reject */

	if (doit)
	{
		syslog_facility = syslog_fac;
		set_syslog_parameters(syslog_ident_str ? syslog_ident_str : "postgres",
							  syslog_facility);
	}

	return facility;
}

static const char *
assign_syslog_ident(const char *ident, bool doit, GucSource source)
{
	if (doit)
		set_syslog_parameters(ident, syslog_facility);

	return ident;
}

#endif /* HAVE_SYSLOG */


static const char *
assign_defaultxactisolevel(const char *newval, bool doit, GucSource source)
{
	if (pg_strcasecmp(newval, "serializable") == 0)
	{
		if (doit)
			DefaultXactIsoLevel = XACT_SERIALIZABLE;
	}
	else if (pg_strcasecmp(newval, "repeatable read") == 0)
	{
		if (doit)
			DefaultXactIsoLevel = XACT_REPEATABLE_READ;
	}
	else if (pg_strcasecmp(newval, "read committed") == 0)
	{
		if (doit)
			DefaultXactIsoLevel = XACT_READ_COMMITTED;
	}
	else if (pg_strcasecmp(newval, "read uncommitted") == 0)
	{
		if (doit)
			DefaultXactIsoLevel = XACT_READ_UNCOMMITTED;
	}
	else
		return NULL;
	return newval;
}

static const char *
assign_log_min_messages(const char *newval,
						bool doit, GucSource source)
{
	return (assign_msglvl(&log_min_messages, newval, doit, source));
}

static const char *
assign_client_min_messages(const char *newval, bool doit, GucSource source)
{
	return (assign_msglvl(&client_min_messages, newval, doit, source));
}

static const char *
assign_min_error_statement(const char *newval, bool doit, GucSource source)
{
	return (assign_msglvl(&log_min_error_statement, newval, doit, source));
}

static const char *
assign_msglvl(int *var, const char *newval, bool doit, GucSource source)
{
	if (pg_strcasecmp(newval, "debug") == 0)
	{
		if (doit)
			(*var) = DEBUG2;
	}
	else if (pg_strcasecmp(newval, "debug5") == 0)
	{
		if (doit)
			(*var) = DEBUG5;
	}
	else if (pg_strcasecmp(newval, "debug4") == 0)
	{
		if (doit)
			(*var) = DEBUG4;
	}
	else if (pg_strcasecmp(newval, "debug3") == 0)
	{
		if (doit)
			(*var) = DEBUG3;
	}
	else if (pg_strcasecmp(newval, "debug2") == 0)
	{
		if (doit)
			(*var) = DEBUG2;
	}
	else if (pg_strcasecmp(newval, "debug1") == 0)
	{
		if (doit)
			(*var) = DEBUG1;
	}
	else if (pg_strcasecmp(newval, "log") == 0)
	{
		if (doit)
			(*var) = LOG;
	}

	/*
	 * Client_min_messages always prints 'info', but we allow it as a
	 * value anyway.
	 */
	else if (pg_strcasecmp(newval, "info") == 0)
	{
		if (doit)
			(*var) = INFO;
	}
	else if (pg_strcasecmp(newval, "notice") == 0)
	{
		if (doit)
			(*var) = NOTICE;
	}
	else if (pg_strcasecmp(newval, "warning") == 0)
	{
		if (doit)
			(*var) = WARNING;
	}
	else if (pg_strcasecmp(newval, "error") == 0)
	{
		if (doit)
			(*var) = ERROR;
	}
	/* We allow FATAL/PANIC for client-side messages too. */
	else if (pg_strcasecmp(newval, "fatal") == 0)
	{
		if (doit)
			(*var) = FATAL;
	}
	else if (pg_strcasecmp(newval, "panic") == 0)
	{
		if (doit)
			(*var) = PANIC;
	}
	else
		return NULL;			/* fail */
	return newval;				/* OK */
}

static const char *
assign_log_error_verbosity(const char *newval, bool doit, GucSource source)
{
	if (pg_strcasecmp(newval, "terse") == 0)
	{
		if (doit)
			Log_error_verbosity = PGERROR_TERSE;
	}
	else if (pg_strcasecmp(newval, "default") == 0)
	{
		if (doit)
			Log_error_verbosity = PGERROR_DEFAULT;
	}
	else if (pg_strcasecmp(newval, "verbose") == 0)
	{
		if (doit)
			Log_error_verbosity = PGERROR_VERBOSE;
	}
	else
		return NULL;			/* fail */
	return newval;				/* OK */
}

static const char *
assign_log_statement(const char *newval, bool doit, GucSource source)
{
	if (pg_strcasecmp(newval, "none") == 0)
	{
		if (doit)
			log_statement = LOGSTMT_NONE;
	}
	else if (pg_strcasecmp(newval, "ddl") == 0)
	{
		if (doit)
			log_statement = LOGSTMT_DDL;
	}
	else if (pg_strcasecmp(newval, "mod") == 0)
	{
		if (doit)
			log_statement = LOGSTMT_MOD;
	}
	else if (pg_strcasecmp(newval, "all") == 0)
	{
		if (doit)
			log_statement = LOGSTMT_ALL;
	}
	else
		return NULL;			/* fail */
	return newval;				/* OK */
}

static const char *
show_num_temp_buffers(void)
{
	/*
	 * We show the GUC var until local buffers have been initialized,
	 * and NLocBuffer afterwards.
	 */
	static char nbuf[32];

	sprintf(nbuf, "%d", NLocBuffer ? NLocBuffer : num_temp_buffers);
	return nbuf;
}

static bool
assign_phony_autocommit(bool newval, bool doit, GucSource source)
{
	if (!newval)
	{
		if (doit && source >= PGC_S_INTERACTIVE)
			ereport(ERROR,
					(errcode(ERRCODE_FEATURE_NOT_SUPPORTED),
				errmsg("SET AUTOCOMMIT TO OFF is no longer supported")));
		return false;
	}
	return true;
}

static const char *
assign_custom_variable_classes(const char *newval, bool doit, GucSource source)
{
	/*
	 * Check syntax. newval must be a comma separated list of identifiers.
	 * Whitespace is allowed but skipped.
	 */
	bool		hasSpaceAfterToken = false;
	const char *cp = newval;
	int			symLen = 0;
	int			c;
	StringInfoData buf;

	initStringInfo(&buf);
	while ((c = *cp++) != 0)
	{
		if (isspace(c))
		{
			if (symLen > 0)
				hasSpaceAfterToken = true;
			continue;
		}

		if (c == ',')
		{
			hasSpaceAfterToken = false;
			if (symLen > 0)
			{
				symLen = 0;
				appendStringInfoChar(&buf, ',');
			}
			continue;
		}

		if (hasSpaceAfterToken || !isalnum(c))
		{
			/*
			 * Syntax error due to token following space after token or
			 * non alpha numeric character
			 */
			ereport(LOG,
					(errcode(ERRCODE_SYNTAX_ERROR),
					 errmsg("invalid syntax for \"custom_variable_classes\": \"%s\"", newval)));
			pfree(buf.data);
			return NULL;
		}
		symLen++;
		appendStringInfoChar(&buf, (char) c);
	}

	/* Remove stray ',' at end */
	if (symLen == 0 && buf.len > 0)
		buf.data[--buf.len] = '\0';

	if (buf.len == 0)
		newval = NULL;
	else if (doit)
		newval = strdup(buf.data);

	pfree(buf.data);
	return newval;
}

static bool
assign_stage_log_stats(bool newval, bool doit, GucSource source)
{
	if (newval && log_statement_stats)
	{
		if (source >= PGC_S_INTERACTIVE)
			ereport(ERROR,
					(errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_PARAMETER_VALUE),
					 errmsg("cannot enable parameter when \"log_statement_stats\" is true")));
		/* source == PGC_S_OVERRIDE means do it anyway, eg at xact abort */
		else if (source != PGC_S_OVERRIDE)
			return false;
	}
	return true;
}

static bool
assign_log_stats(bool newval, bool doit, GucSource source)
{
	if (newval &&
		(log_parser_stats || log_planner_stats || log_executor_stats))
	{
		if (source >= PGC_S_INTERACTIVE)
			ereport(ERROR,
					(errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_PARAMETER_VALUE),
					 errmsg("cannot enable \"log_statement_stats\" when "
							"\"log_parser_stats\", \"log_planner_stats\", "
							"or \"log_executor_stats\" is true")));
		/* source == PGC_S_OVERRIDE means do it anyway, eg at xact abort */
		else if (source != PGC_S_OVERRIDE)
			return false;
	}
	return true;
}

static bool
assign_transaction_read_only(bool newval, bool doit, GucSource source)
{
	/* Can't go to r/w mode inside a r/o transaction */
	if (newval == false && XactReadOnly && IsSubTransaction())
	{
		if (source >= PGC_S_INTERACTIVE)
			ereport(ERROR,
					(errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_PARAMETER_VALUE),
					 errmsg("cannot set transaction read-write mode inside a read-only transaction")));
		/* source == PGC_S_OVERRIDE means do it anyway, eg at xact abort */
		else if (source != PGC_S_OVERRIDE)
			return false;
	}
	return true;
}

static const char *
assign_canonical_path(const char *newval, bool doit, GucSource source)
{
	if (doit)
	{
		char	   *canon_val = guc_strdup(ERROR, newval);

		canonicalize_path(canon_val);
		return canon_val;
	}
	else
		return newval;
}

static bool
assign_tcp_keepalives_idle(int newval, bool doit, GucSource source)
{
	if (doit)
		return (pq_setkeepalivesidle(newval, MyProcPort) == STATUS_OK);

	return true;
}

static const char *
show_tcp_keepalives_idle(void)
{
	static char nbuf[16];

	snprintf(nbuf, sizeof(nbuf), "%d", pq_getkeepalivesidle(MyProcPort));
	return nbuf;
}

static bool
assign_tcp_keepalives_interval(int newval, bool doit, GucSource source)
{
	if (doit)
		return (pq_setkeepalivesinterval(newval, MyProcPort) == STATUS_OK);

	return true;
}

static const char *
show_tcp_keepalives_interval(void)
{
	static char nbuf[16];

	snprintf(nbuf, sizeof(nbuf), "%d", pq_getkeepalivesinterval(MyProcPort));
	return nbuf;
}

static bool
assign_tcp_keepalives_count(int newval, bool doit, GucSource source)
{
	if (doit)
		return (pq_setkeepalivescount(newval, MyProcPort) == STATUS_OK);

	return true;
}

static const char *
show_tcp_keepalives_count(void)
{
	static char nbuf[16];

	snprintf(nbuf, sizeof(nbuf), "%d", pq_getkeepalivescount(MyProcPort));
	return nbuf;
}


#include "guc-file.c"