Issue: SPR-12926

Prior to this commit, the documentation in AnnotationUtils was
inconsistent, and at times even misleading, with regard to finding
annotations that are "present" or "directly present" on annotated
elements.

This commit defines the terminology used within AnnotationUtils and
introduces the explicit notion of "meta-present" to denote that
annotations are present within annotation hierarchies above annotated
elements.

Issue: SPR-13030

This commit improves the documentation for AnnotationUtils and
AnnotatedElementUtils by explaining that the scope of most annotation
searches is limited to finding the first such annotation, resulting in
additional such annotations being silently ignored.

Issue: SPR-13015

This commit picks up where SPR-11483 left off, with the goal of
eliminating all unnecessary inspection of core JDK annotations in
Spring's annotation search algorithms in AnnotatedElementUtils and
AnnotationMetadataReadingVisitor.

Issue: SPR-12989

This commit introduces support for finding annotations on abstract,
bridge, and interface methods in AnnotatedElementUtils.

 - Introduced dedicated findAnnotationAttributes() methods in
   AnnotatedElementUtils that provide first-class support for
   processing methods, class hierarchies, interfaces, bridge methods,
   etc.

 - Introduced find/get search algorithm dichotomy in
   AnnotatedElementUtils which is visible in the public API as well as
   in the internal implementation. This was necessary in order to
   maintain backwards compatibility with the existing API (even though
   it was undocumented).

 - Reverted all recent changes made to the "get semantics" search
   algorithm in AnnotatedElementUtils in order to ensure backwards
   compatibility, and reverted recent changes to
   JtaTransactionAnnotationParser and SpringTransactionAnnotationParser
   accordingly.

 - Documented internal AnnotatedElementUtils.Processor<T> interface.

 - Enabled failing tests and introduced
   findAnnotationAttributesFromBridgeMethod() test in
   AnnotatedElementUtilsTests.

 - Refactored ApplicationListenerMethodAdapter.getCondition() and
   enabled failing test in TransactionalEventListenerTests.

 - AnnotationUtils.isInterfaceWithAnnotatedMethods() is now package
   private.

Issue: SPR-12738, SPR-11514, SPR-11598

Prior to this commit, the search algorithm used by the
findAnnotation(Method, Class) method in AnnotationUtils only found
direct annotations or direct meta-annotations (i.e., one level of
meta-annotations).

This commit reworks the search algorithm so that it supports arbitrary
levels of meta-annotations on methods. To make this possible, a new
findAnnotation(AnnotatedElement, Class) method has been introduced in
AnnotationUtils.

This fix also allows for the @Ignore'd tests in
TransactionalEventListenerTests to be re-enabled.

Issue: SPR-12941

Issue: SPR-12940

Also refines logIntrospectionFailure to just log at debug level for meta-annotation introspection failures.

Issue: SPR-12889

AnnotationUtils.getAnnotationAttributes makes Method accessible (analogous to AnnotationUtils.getValue)

Issue: SPR-12858

Issue: SPR-12604

This commit updates the Javadoc for findAnnotation() to reflect recent
changes to the algorithm it implements.

Issue: SPR-12493

Normalized AnnotationAttributesReadingVisitor class layout and improved diagnostics through delegating to AnnotationUtils

Issue: SPR-12387

Issue: SPR-12325

AnnotationUtils favors local composed annotations over interface annotations and consistently logs introspection failures via lazily initialized logger

Issue: SPR-12355
Issue: SPR-12325
Issue: SPR-12329

Issue: SPR-12065

ReflectionUtils caches Class.getDeclaredMethods() results; AnnotationUtils caches findAnnotation results

Issue: SPR-11882

AnnotationUtils defensively catches and logs unexpected exceptions from retrieval attempts (proceeding like the annotation wasn't there)

Issue: SPR-11874

AnnotationUtils defensively catches unexpected exceptions from retrieval attempts (proceeding like the annotation wasn't there)

This is analogous to what the JVM does for cases where the annotation type itself isn't present on the classpath. We're effectively extending that policy to values referenced within an annotation declaration.

Issue: SPR-11874

Prior to this commit, Spring supported meta-annotation attribute
overrides in custom composed annotations with reflection-based
annotation processing but not with ASM-based annotation processing.

This commit ensures that meta-annotation attribute overrides are
supported in AnnotationMetadataReadingVisitor.getAnnotationAttributes().

Issue: SPR-11574

The previous commit introduced a dependency on
Class.getDeclaredAnnotation() which is a Java 8 API.

This commit refactors AnnotationUtils.findAnnotation(Class, Class, Set)
to use Class.getAnnotation() in conjunction with
isAnnotationDeclaredLocally() in order to achieve the same desired
behavior.

Issue: SPR-11475

Prior to this commit, the implementations of findAnnotation() in
AnnotationUtils and getAnnotationAttributes() in AnnotatedElementUtils
favored inherited annotations and inherited composed annotations over
composed annotations that are declared closer to the starting class
passed to these methods.

This commit addresses this issue as follows:

- Refactored AnnotationUtils to use getDeclaredAnnotation() and
  getDeclaredAnnotations() instead of getAnnotation() and
  getAnnotations() where appropriate.

- AnnotatedElementUtils.doProcess() supports a traverseClassHierarchy
  flag to control whether the class hierarchy should be traversed,
  using getDeclaredAnnotations() instead of getAnnotations() if the
  flag is true.

- Overhauled Javadoc in AnnotatedElementUtils.

Issue: SPR-11475

This commit introduces a new isInJavaLangAnnotationPackage(Annotation)
method in AnnotationUtils. This method is now used in AnnotationUtils,
AnnotatedElementUtils, and MetaAnnotationUtils to ensure that search
algorithms do no search for meta-annotations on annotations in the
"java.lang.annotation" package.

The following are some empirical results from this change:

- The number of times that the findAnnotation(Class,Class,Set) method in
  AnnotationUtils is recursively invoked while executing
  AnnotationUtilsTests drops from 51 to 29.

- The number of times that the process(AnnotatedElement) method in
  AnnotationUtils.AnnotationCollector is recursively invoked while
  executing AnnotationUtilsTests.getRepeatableFromMethod() drops
  from 16 to 2.

- The number of times that the doProcess() method in
  AnnotatedElementUtils is recursively invoked while executing the
  "getAnnotationAttributes() On MetaCycleAnnotatedClass with missing
  target meta-annotation" test in AnnotatedElementUtilsTests drops
  from 23 to 5.

- The number of times that the findAnnotationDescriptor(Class,Set,Class)
  method in MetaAnnotationUtils is recursively invoked while executing
  the "findAnnotationDescriptor() on MetaCycleAnnotatedClass with
  missing target meta-annotation" test in MetaAnnotationUtilsTests drops
  from 16 to 8.

Issue: SPR-11483

Prior to this commit, AnnotationUtils.findAnnotation(Class, Class)
claimed to recursively search through annotations; however, only one
level of annotations was supported by the algorithm.

This commit alters the search algorithm so that nested meta-annotations
(i.e., meta-annotations on meta-annotations) are also supported.

Issue: SPR-11448

Fix remaining Java compiler warnings, mainly around missing
generics or deprecated code.

Also add the `-Werror` compiler option to ensure that any future
warnings will fail the build.

Issue: SPR-11064

- Added explicit reference to “get” and “find” lookup types in the
  class-level Javadoc.
- Updated documentation for the underlying algorithms in
  findAnnotation(Method,Class) and findAnnotation(Class,Class) in line
  with the status quo.
- Reverted recent changes to findAnnotationDeclaringClass() by removing
  meta-annotation support in order to maintain backwards compatibility
  with previous releases.

Prior to this commit, the getValue(Annotation, String) method in
AnnotationUtils failed to retrieve the value of the desired annotation
attribute if the annotation itself was not public -- for example if the
annotation was declared as package private.

This commit addresses this issue by ensuring that getValue(Annotation,
String) uses reflection to make the desired annotation attribute method
accessible before attempting to invoke it to retrieve the value.

Issue: SPR-11104

Spring 3.0 already allows component stereotypes to be used in a
meta-annotation fashion, for example by creating a custom
@TransactionalService stereotype annotation which combines
@Transactional and @Service in a single, reusable, application-specific
annotation. However, the Spring TestContext Framework (TCF) currently
does not provide any support for test-related annotations to be used as
meta-annotations.

This commit overhauls the TCF with regard to how annotations are
retrieved and adds explicit support for the following annotations to be
used as meta-annotations in conjunction with the TCF.

- @ContextConfiguration
- @ContextHierarchy
- @ActiveProfiles
- @DirtiesContext
- @IfProfileValue
- @ProfileValueSourceConfiguration
- @BeforeTransaction
- @AfterTransaction
- @TransactionConfiguration
- @Rollback
- @TestExecutionListeners
- @Repeat
- @Timed
- @WebAppConfiguration

Note that meta-annotation support for @Transactional was already
available prior to this commit.

The following is a summary of the major changes included in this commit.

- Now using AnnotationUtils.getAnnotation() instead of
  Class.getAnnotation() where appropriate in the TestContext Framework.
- Now using AnnotationUtils.findAnnotation() instead of
  Class.isAnnotationPresent() where appropriate in the TestContext
  Framework.
- Introduced findAnnotationPrefersInteracesOverLocalMetaAnnotations() in
  AnnotationUtilsTests in order to verify the status quo.
- AnnotationUtils.findAnnotationDeclaringClass() and
  AnnotationUtils.findAnnotationDeclaringClassForTypes() now support
  meta annotations.
- Introduced MetaAnnotationUtils and AnnotationDescriptor in the
  spring-test module.
- Introduced UntypedAnnotationDescriptor in MetaAnnotationUtils.
- Introduced findAnnotationDescriptorForTypes() in MetaAnnotationUtils.
- ContextLoaderUtils now uses MetaAnnotationUtils for looking up
  @ActiveProfiles as a potential meta-annotation.
- TestContextManager now uses MetaAnnotationUtils for looking up
  @TestExecutionListeners as a potential meta-annotation.
- DirtiesContextTestExecutionListener now uses AnnotationUtils for
  looking up @DirtiesContext as a potential meta-annotation.
- Introduced DirtiesContextTestExecutionListenerTests.
- ProfileValueUtils now uses AnnotationUtils for looking up
  @IfProfileValue and @ProfileValueSourceConfiguration as potential
  meta-annotations.
- @BeforeTransaction and @AfterTransaction now support ANNOTATION_TYPE
  as a target, allowing them to be used as meta-annotations.
- TransactionalTestExecutionListener now uses AnnotationUtils for
  looking up @BeforeTransaction, @AfterTransaction, @Rollback, and
  @TransactionConfiguration as potential meta-annotations.
- Introduced TransactionalTestExecutionListenerTests.
- @Repeat and @Timed now support ANNOTATION_TYPE as a target, allowing
  them to be used as meta-annotations.
- SpringJUnit4ClassRunner now uses AnnotationUtils for looking up
  @Repeat and @Timed as potential meta-annotations.
- Moved all remaining logic for building the MergedContextConfiguration
  from the DefaultTestContext constructor to
  ContextLoaderUtils.buildMergedContextConfiguration().
- Verified meta-annotation support for @WebAppConfiguration and
  @ContextConfiguration.

Issue: SPR-7827

Support repeatable @PropertySource annotations in Java 8 and add
@PropertySources container annotation for Java 6/7. Also add an
ignoreResourceNotFound attribute to @PropertySource allowing missing
property resources to be silently ignored.

This commit also introduces some generally useful methods to
AnnotationUtils for working with @Repeatable annotations.

Issue: SPR-8371

This turned into a rather huge affair since it led to the introduction of a new AutowireCandidateResolver implementation in the spring-context module. That ACR impl is now being set through AnnotationConfigUtils; GenericApplicationContext and co do not set a default QualifierAnnotationAutowireCandidateResolver anymore (which has always been a smell anyway).  At the same time, dependency ordering has moved from AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor to DefaultListableBeanFactory itself through a "dependencyComparator" strategy, applying to constructor dependencies and lazy resolution proxies as well.

Issue: SPR-10353

Issue: SPR-10181