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提交 e30d1d92 编写于 作者: R Rossen Stoyanchev
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Overhaul contributing guidelines 

The guidelines were originally created several years ago. This commit
does not fundamentally change anything but rather make the guidance
more compact.

The commit consolidates into into CONTRIBUTING.adoc information from
CONTRIBUTING-DOCUMENTATION.adoc and also the wiki page "The Lifecycle
of an Issue".
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CONTRIBUTING-DOCUMENTATION.adoc 已删除 100644 → 0
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= How to Contribute to the Reference Manual
The Spring Framework reference manual uses http://asciidoctor.org/[asciidoctor]. This
document describes how to contribute documentation updates.
== Building with Gradle
You can build the documentation using Gradle using the `asciidoctor` task. For example,
from the project root execute the following command:
[indent=0]
----
./gradlew asciidoctor
----
The generated reference manual will then be available at
`build/asciidoc/html5/index.html`.
== Live Editing
One of the nice features about using Asciidoctor is the support for live editing.
You will find a Guardfile already present at
`spring-framework/src/docs/asciidoc/Guardfile`. First, follow the setup instructions
within the
http://asciidoctor.org/docs/editing-asciidoc-with-live-preview/[Editing AsciiDoc
with Live Preview] document. Once you have done that, there are additional gems to
install to make it work (assuming that you are using http://livereload.com/[LiveReload]):
[indent=0]
----
gem install guard-rspec guard-livereload
----
When running `guard start` within the `src/asciidoc/` folder, any changes to the
`src/asciidoc/index.adoc` file are automatically written to
`src/asciidoc/build/index.html`.
== Troubleshooting
* If you are using LiveReload, select _Allow access to file URLs_ in the
LiveEdit plugin options of your browser.
* The icon used to enable _LiveReload_ can be a bit confusing. The dot is empty when it
is disabled and full when the plugin is active. Make sure to enable it on the tab
displaying the `index.html` file.
* Ensure you are _not_ running `guard start` at all, as two instances could not run at
the same time. To exit a current session in a clean way, type `e` in the shell.
== Documentation Notes
Some notes on the documentation.
* Documentation is wrapped at 90 chars. Ensure that you manually wrap your edits.
* Tabs are used for indentation. Do not use spaces.
* Follow the existing style when inserting `source` blocks.
Here are some useful resources for working with Asciidoctor:
* http://asciidoctor.org/docs/asciidoc-syntax-quick-reference/[Asciidoctor Quick Reference]
* http://asciidoctor.org/docs/user-manual/[Asciidoctor Manual]
* http://asciidoctor.org/docs/asciidoc-writers-guide/[Asciidoctor Writers Guide]
CONTRIBUTING.adoc
浏览文件 @ e30d1d92
:wiki-root: https://github.com/spring-projects/spring-framework/wiki
[[contributing]]
# Contributing to the Spring Framework
:toc: preamble
:toclevels: 4
:docinfo1:
Have something you’d like to contribute to the framework? We welcome
pull requests but ask that you carefully read this document first to
understand how best to submit them; what kind of changes are likely to
be accepted; and what to expect from the Spring team when evaluating
your submission.
_Please refer back to this document as a checklist before issuing any
pull request; this will save time for everyone!_
[[code-of-conduct]]
# Code of Conduct
This project adheres to the Contributor Covenant link:CODE_OF_CONDUCT.adoc[code of conduct].
By participating you are expected to uphold this code. Please report unacceptable behavior
to spring-code-of-conduct@pivotal.io.
[[take-your-first-steps]]
# Take Your First Steps
[[understand-the-basics]]
## Understand the basics
Not sure what a pull request is, or how to submit one? Take a look at
GitHub’s excellent
https://help.github.com/categories/collaborating-on-projects-using-issues-and-pull-requests/[help documentation]
first.
[[search-stack-overflow-first-discuss-if-necessary]]
## Search Stack Overflow first; discuss if necessary
If you’re unsure why something isn’t working or wondering if there is a
better way of doing it please check on Stack Overflow first and if
necessary start a discussion. This is the official list of
https://spring.io/questions[Spring-related tags]. In short the issue
tracker should be used to report issues and make feature requests.
[[search-jira-create-an-issue-if-necessary]]
## Search JIRA; create an issue if necessary
Is there already an issue that addresses your concern? Do a bit of
searching in our https://jira.spring.io/browse/SPR[JIRA issue tracker] to see if you can find something
similar. If you do not find something similar, please create a new JIRA
issue before submitting a pull request unless the change is truly
trivial – for example: typo fixes, removing compiler warnings, etc.
[[sign-the-contributor-license-agreement-cla]]
## Sign the Contributor License Agreement (CLA)
If you have not previously done so, please sign the
https://cla.pivotal.io/sign/spring[Contributor License Agreement].
If you forget to do so, you’ll be reminded when you submit a pull request.
[[create-a-branch]]
# Create a Branch
[[branch-from-master]]
## Branch from `master`
Master currently represents work toward Spring Framework 5.0. Please
submit all pull requests there, even bug fixes and minor improvements.
Backports to `4.3.x` will be considered on a case-by-case basis.
[[use-short-branch-names]]
## Use short branch names
Branches used when submitting pull requests should preferably be named
according to JIRA issues, e.g. `SPR-1234'. Otherwise, use succinct,
lower-case, dash (-) delimited names, such as `fix-warnings',
`fix-typo', etc. In https://github.com/blog/844-forking-with-the-edit-button[fork-and-edit] cases, the GitHub default
`patch-1' is fine as well. This is important, because branch names show
up in the merge commits that result from accepting pull requests and
should be as expressive and concise as possible.
[[use-spring-framework-code-style]]
# Use Spring Framework Code Style
The complete
https://github.com/spring-projects/spring-framework/wiki/Spring-Framework-Code-Style[Spring Framework Code Style]
reference is available on the wiki.
[[prepare-your-commit]]
# Prepare Your Commit
[[submit-junit-test-cases-for-all-behavior-changes]]
## Submit JUnit test cases for all behavior changes
Search the codebase to find related tests and add additional `@Test`
methods as appropriate. It is also acceptable to submit test cases on a
per JIRA issue basis, for example:
[source,java]
----
package org.springframework.beans.factory.support;
/**
* Unit tests for SPR-8954, in which a custom {@link InstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor}
* forces the predicted type of a FactoryBean, effectively preventing retrieval of the
* bean from calls to #getBeansOfType(FactoryBean.class). The implementation of
* {@link AbstractBeanFactory#isFactoryBean(String, RootBeanDefinition)} now ensures
* that not only the predicted bean type is considered, but also the original bean
* definition's beanClass.
*
* @author Chris Beams
*/
public class Spr8954Tests {
@Test
public void cornerSpr8954() {
// ...
}
}
----
[[squash-commits]]
## Squash commits
Use `git rebase --interactive --autosquash`, `git add --patch`, and
other tools to ``squash'' multiple commits into a single atomic commit.
In addition to the man pages for git, there are many resources online to
help you understand how these tools work. The
http://git-scm.com/book/en/Git-Tools-Rewriting-History[Rewriting History section of Pro Git]
provides a good overview.
First off, thank you for taking the time to contribute!
[[conduct]]
## Code of Conduct
This project is governed by the link:CODE_OF_CONDUCT.adoc[Spring Code of Conduct].
By participating you are expected to uphold this code.
Please report unacceptable behavior to spring-code-of-conduct@pivotal.io.
[[how]]
## How to Contribute
[[use-real-name-in-git-commits]]
## Use real name in git commits
Please configure git to use your real first and last name for any
commits you intend to submit as pull requests. For example, this is not
acceptable:
[[how-question]]
### Discuss
....
Author: Nickname <user@mail.com>
....
If you have a question, check StackOverflow using
https://spring.io/questions[this list of tags], organized by Spring project.
Find an existing discussion or start a new one if necessary.
Rather, please include your first and last name, properly capitalized,
as submitted against the Spring Individual Contributor License Agreement
(ICLA):
If you suspect an issue, perform a search in the
https://jira.spring.io/browse/SPR[JIRA issue tracker], using a few different keywords.
When you find related issues and discussions, prior or current, it helps you to learn and
it helps us to make a decision.
....
Author: First Last <user@mail.com>
....
This helps ensure traceability against the ICLA and also goes a long way
to ensuring useful output from tools like `git shortlog` and others.
You can configure this via the account admin area in GitHub (useful for
fork-and-edit cases); _globally_ on your machine with
[[how-ticket]]
### Create a Ticket
....
git config --global user.name "First Last"
git config --global user.email user@mail.com
....
Reporting an issue or making a feature request is a great way to contribute. Your feedback
and the conversations that result from it provide a continuous flow of ideas. However,
before you do that, please take the time to <<how-question,research first>>.
or _locally_ for the `spring-framework` repository only by omitting the `–global' flag:
When an issue is first created, it may not be assigned and will not have a fix version.
Within a day or two, the issue is assigned to a specific committer and the target
version is set to "Waiting for Triage". The committer will then review the issue, ask for
further information if needed, and based on the findings, the issue is either assigned a fix
version or rejected.
....
cd spring-framework
git config user.name "First Last"
git config user.email user@mail.com
....
When a fix is ready, the issue is marked "Resolved" and may still be re-opened. Once a fix
is released, the issue is permanently "Closed". If necessary, you will need to create a new,
related ticket with a fresh description.
[[format-commit-messages]]
## Format commit messages
Please read and follow the
http://git-scm.com/book/en/Distributed-Git-Contributing-to-a-Project#Commit-Guidelines[Commit Guidelines section of Pro Git].
Most importantly, please format your commit messages in the following
way (adapted from the commit template in the link above):
[[how-pull-request]]
### Submit a Pull Request
You can contribute a source code change by submitting a pull request.
1. If you have not previously done so, please sign the
https://cla.pivotal.io/sign/spring[Contributor License Agreement]. You will also be reminded
automatically when you submit a pull request.
1. For all but the most trivial of contributions, please <<how-ticket>>. The purpose of the
ticket is to understand and discuss the underlying issue or feature. We use the JIRA issue tracker
as the preferred place of record for conversations and conclusions. In that sense discussions
directly under a PR are more implementation detail oriented and transient in nature.
1. Always check out the `master` branch and submit pull requests against it
(for target version see link:settings.gradle[settings.gradle]).
Backports to prior versions will be considered on a case-by-case basis and reflected as
the fix version in the issue tracker.
1. Use short branch names, preferably based on the JIRA issue (e.g. `SPR-1234`), or
otherwise using succinct, lower-case, dash (-) delimited names, such as `fix-warnings'.
1. Choose the granularity of your commits consciously and squash commits that represent
multiple edits or corrections of the same logical change. See
http://git-scm.com/book/en/Git-Tools-Rewriting-History[Rewriting History section of Pro Git]
for an overview of streamlining commit history.
....
Short (50 chars or less) summary of changes
1. Format commit messages using 55 characters for the subject line, 72 lines for the
description, followed by related issues, e.g. `Issues: SPR-1234, SPR-1235`.
See the
http://git-scm.com/book/en/Distributed-Git-Contributing-to-a-Project#Commit-Guidelines[Commit Guidelines section of Pro Git]
for best practices around commit messages and use `git log` to see some examples.
More detailed explanatory text, if necessary. Wrap it to about 72
characters or so. In some contexts, the first line is treated as the
subject of an email and the rest of the text as the body. The blank
line separating the summary from the body is critical (unless you omit
the body entirely); tools like rebase can get confused if you run the
two together.
1. List the JIRA issue number in the PR description.
Further paragraphs come after blank lines.
If accepted, your contribution may be heavily modified as needed prior to merging.
You will likely retain author attribution for your Git commits granted that the bulk of
your changes remain intact. You may also be asked to rework the submission.
- Bullet points are okay, too
If asked to make corrections, simply push the changes against the same branch, and your
pull request will be updated. In other words, you do not need to create a new pull request
when asked to make changes.
- Typically a hyphen or asterisk is used for the bullet, preceded by a
single space, with blank lines in between, but conventions vary here
Issue: SPR-1234, SPR-1235
....
1. Use imperative statements in the subject line, e.g. ``Fix broken
Javadoc link''.
2. Begin the subject line with a capitalized verb, e.g. ``Add, Prune,
Fix, Introduce, Avoid, etc.''
3. Do not end the subject line with a period.
4. Restrict the subject line to 50 characters or less if possible.
5. Wrap lines in the body at 72 characters or less.
6. Mention associated JIRA issue(s) at the end of the commit comment,
prefixed with ``Issue:'' as above.
7. In the body of the commit message, explain how things worked before
this commit, what has changed, and how things work now.
[[code-style]]
## Source Code Style
For examples of this style, issue a `git log --author=cbeams` in the
`spring-framework` git repository. For convenience, here are several
such commits:
* The https://github.com/spring-projects/spring-framework/wiki/Spring-Framework-Code-Style[Spring Framework Code Style]
wiki page defines the the coding standards used for Spring Framework source files.
* The https://github.com/spring-projects/spring-framework/wiki/Spring-Framework-IDEA-Code-Formatting[IDEA Code Formatting]
wiki page describes changes we make to the default code formatting settings in Intellij IDEA.
* https://github.com/spring-projects/spring-framework/commit/08e2669b84ec0faa2f7904441fe39ac70b65b078
* https://github.com/spring-projects/spring-framework/commit/1d9d3e6ff79ce9f0eca03b02cd1df705925575da
* https://github.com/spring-projects/spring-framework/commit/8e0b1c3a5f957af3049cfa0438317177e16d6de6
* https://github.com/spring-projects/spring-framework/commit/b787a68f2050df179f7036b209aa741230a02477
[[run-the-final-checklist]]
# Run the Final Checklist
[[run-all-tests-prior-to-submission]]
## Run all tests prior to submission
[[documentation]]
## Reference Docs
See the https://github.com/spring-projects/spring-framework#building-from-source[building from source]
section of the `README` for instructions. Make sure that all tests pass prior to submitting your
pull request.
The reference documentation is in the `src/docs/asciidoc` directory and, in
http://asciidoctor.org/[Asciidoctor] format. For trivial changes, you may be able to browse,
edit source files, and submit directly from Github.
[[submit-your-pull-request]]
## Submit your pull request
Subject line:
When making changes locally, use `./gradlew asciidoctor` and then browse the result under
`build/asciidoc/html5/index.html`.
Follow the same conventions for pull request subject lines as mentioned
above for commit message subject lines.
In the body:
1. Explain your use case. What led you to submit this change? Why were
existing mechanisms in the framework insufficient? Make a case that this
is a general-purpose problem and that yours is a general-purpose
solution, etc.
2. Add any additional information and ask questions; start a
conversation or continue one from JIRA.
3. Mention the JIRA issue ID.
4. Also mention that you have submitted the ICLA as described above.
Note that for pull requests containing a single commit, GitHub will
default the subject line and body of the pull request to match the
subject line and body of the commit message. This is fine, but please
also include the items above in the body of the request.
[[mention-your-pull-request-on-the-associated-jira-issue]]
## Mention your pull request on the associated JIRA issue
Add a comment to the associated JIRA issue(s) linking to your new pull
request.
[[expect-discussion-and-rework]]
## Expect discussion and rework
The Spring team takes a very conservative approach to accepting
contributions to the framework. This is to keep code quality and
stability as high as possible, and to keep complexity at a minimum. Your
changes, if accepted, may be heavily modified prior to merging. You will
retain ``Author:'' attribution for your Git commits granted that the
bulk of your changes remain intact. You may be asked to rework the
submission for style (as explained above) and/or substance. Again, we
strongly recommend discussing any serious submissions with the Spring
Framework team _prior_ to engaging in serious development work.
Note that you can always force push (`git push -f`) reworked / rebased
commits against the branch used to submit your pull request. In other
words, you do not need to issue a new pull request when asked to make
changes.
\ No newline at end of file
Asciidoctor also supports live editing. For more details read
http://asciidoctor.org/docs/editing-asciidoc-with-live-preview/[Editing AsciiDoc with Live Preview].
Note that if you choose the
http://asciidoctor.org/docs/editing-asciidoc-with-live-preview/#using-a-system-monitor[System Monitor]
option, you can find a Guardfile under `src/docs/asciidoc`.
\ No newline at end of file
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