Change ->fault prototype.  We now return an int, which contains
VM_FAULT_xxx code in the low byte, and FAULT_RET_xxx code in the next byte.
 FAULT_RET_ code tells the VM whether a page was found, whether it has been
locked, and potentially other things.  This is not quite the way he wanted
it yet, but that's changed in the next patch (which requires changes to
arch code).

This means we no longer set VM_CAN_INVALIDATE in the vma in order to say
that a page is locked which requires filemap_nopage to go away (because we
can no longer remain backward compatible without that flag), but we were
going to do that anyway.

struct fault_data is renamed to struct vm_fault as Linus asked. address
is now a void __user * that we should firmly encourage drivers not to use
without really good reason.

The page is now returned via a page pointer in the vm_fault struct.
Signed-off-by: NNick Piggin <npiggin@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Nonlinear mappings are (AFAIKS) simply a virtual memory concept that encodes
the virtual address -> file offset differently from linear mappings.

->populate is a layering violation because the filesystem/pagecache code
should need to know anything about the virtual memory mapping.  The hitch here
is that the ->nopage handler didn't pass down enough information (ie.  pgoff).
 But it is more logical to pass pgoff rather than have the ->nopage function
calculate it itself anyway (because that's a similar layering violation).

Having the populate handler install the pte itself is likewise a nasty thing
to be doing.

This patch introduces a new fault handler that replaces ->nopage and
->populate and (later) ->nopfn.  Most of the old mechanism is still in place
so there is a lot of duplication and nice cleanups that can be removed if
everyone switches over.

The rationale for doing this in the first place is that nonlinear mappings are
subject to the pagefault vs invalidate/truncate race too, and it seemed stupid
to duplicate the synchronisation logic rather than just consolidate the two.

After this patch, MAP_NONBLOCK no longer sets up ptes for pages present in
pagecache.  Seems like a fringe functionality anyway.

NOPAGE_REFAULT is removed.  This should be implemented with ->fault, and no
users have hit mainline yet.

[akpm@linux-foundation.org: cleanup]
[randy.dunlap@oracle.com: doc. fixes for readahead]
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: build fix]
Signed-off-by: NNick Piggin <npiggin@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: NRandy Dunlap <randy.dunlap@oracle.com>
Cc: Mark Fasheh <mark.fasheh@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Fix the race between invalidate_inode_pages and do_no_page.

Andrea Arcangeli identified a subtle race between invalidation of pages from
pagecache with userspace mappings, and do_no_page.

The issue is that invalidation has to shoot down all mappings to the page,
before it can be discarded from the pagecache.  Between shooting down ptes to
a particular page, and actually dropping the struct page from the pagecache,
do_no_page from any process might fault on that page and establish a new
mapping to the page just before it gets discarded from the pagecache.

The most common case where such invalidation is used is in file truncation.
This case was catered for by doing a sort of open-coded seqlock between the
file's i_size, and its truncate_count.

Truncation will decrease i_size, then increment truncate_count before
unmapping userspace pages; do_no_page will read truncate_count, then find the
page if it is within i_size, and then check truncate_count under the page
table lock and back out and retry if it had subsequently been changed (ptl
will serialise against unmapping, and ensure a potentially updated
truncate_count is actually visible).

Complexity and documentation issues aside, the locking protocol fails in the
case where we would like to invalidate pagecache inside i_size.  do_no_page
can come in anytime and filemap_nopage is not aware of the invalidation in
progress (as it is when it is outside i_size).  The end result is that
dangling (->mapping == NULL) pages that appear to be from a particular file
may be mapped into userspace with nonsense data.  Valid mappings to the same
place will see a different page.

Andrea implemented two working fixes, one using a real seqlock, another using
a page->flags bit.  He also proposed using the page lock in do_no_page, but
that was initially considered too heavyweight.  However, it is not a global or
per-file lock, and the page cacheline is modified in do_no_page to increment
_count and _mapcount anyway, so a further modification should not be a large
performance hit.  Scalability is not an issue.

This patch implements this latter approach.  ->nopage implementations return
with the page locked if it is possible for their underlying file to be
invalidated (in that case, they must set a special vm_flags bit to indicate
so).  do_no_page only unlocks the page after setting up the mapping
completely.  invalidation is excluded because it holds the page lock during
invalidation of each page (and ensures that the page is not mapped while
holding the lock).

This also allows significant simplifications in do_no_page, because we have
the page locked in the right place in the pagecache from the start.
Signed-off-by: NNick Piggin <npiggin@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Signed-off-by: NJosef Sipek <jsipek@fsl.cs.sunysb.edu>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>

The remaining counters in page_state after the zoned VM counter patches
have been applied are all just for show in /proc/vmstat.  They have no
essential function for the VM.

We use a simple increment of per cpu variables.  In order to avoid the most
severe races we disable preempt.  Preempt does not prevent the race between
an increment and an interrupt handler incrementing the same statistics
counter.  However, that race is exceedingly rare, we may only loose one
increment or so and there is no requirement (at least not in kernel) that
the vm event counters have to be accurate.

In the non preempt case this results in a simple increment for each
counter.  For many architectures this will be reduced by the compiler to a
single instruction.  This single instruction is atomic for i386 and x86_64.
 And therefore even the rare race condition in an interrupt is avoided for
both architectures in most cases.

The patchset also adds an off switch for embedded systems that allows a
building of linux kernels without these counters.

The implementation of these counters is through inline code that hopefully
results in only a single instruction increment instruction being emitted
(i386, x86_64) or in the increment being hidden though instruction
concurrency (EPIC architectures such as ia64 can get that done).

Benefits:
- VM event counter operations usually reduce to a single inline instruction
  on i386 and x86_64.
- No interrupt disable, only preempt disable for the preempt case.
  Preempt disable can also be avoided by moving the counter into a spinlock.
- Handling is similar to zoned VM counters.
- Simple and easily extendable.
- Can be omitted to reduce memory use for embedded use.

References:

RFC http://marc.theaimsgroup.com/?l=linux-kernel&m=113512330605497&w=2
RFC http://marc.theaimsgroup.com/?l=linux-kernel&m=114988082814934&w=2
local_t http://marc.theaimsgroup.com/?l=linux-kernel&m=114991748606690&w=2
V2 http://marc.theaimsgroup.com/?t=115014808400007&r=1&w=2
V3 http://marc.theaimsgroup.com/?l=linux-kernel&m=115024767022346&w=2
V4 http://marc.theaimsgroup.com/?l=linux-kernel&m=115047968808926&w=2Signed-off-by: NChristoph Lameter <clameter@sgi.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>

Initial git repository build. I'm not bothering with the full history,
even though we have it. We can create a separate "historical" git
archive of that later if we want to, and in the meantime it's about
3.2GB when imported into git - space that would just make the early
git days unnecessarily complicated, when we don't have a lot of good
infrastructure for it.

Let it rip!