1. 30 1月, 2008 2 次提交
  2. 24 1月, 2008 1 次提交
  3. 11 12月, 2007 1 次提交
  4. 18 10月, 2007 1 次提交
  5. 17 10月, 2007 8 次提交
    • H
      [x86] remove uses of magic macros for boot_params access · 30c82645
      H. Peter Anvin 提交于
      Instead of using magic macros for boot_params access, simply use the
      boot_params structure.
      Signed-off-by: NH. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com>
      30c82645
    • J
      xen: fix incorrect vcpu_register_vcpu_info hypercall argument · e3d26976
      Jeremy Fitzhardinge 提交于
      The kernel's copy of struct vcpu_register_vcpu_info was out of date,
      at best causing the hypercall to fail and the guest kernel to fall
      back to the old mechanism, or worse, causing random memory corruption.
      
      [ Stable folks: applies to 2.6.23 ]
      Signed-off-by: NJeremy Fitzhardinge <jeremy@xensource.com>
      Cc: Stable Kernel <stable@kernel.org>
      Cc: Morten =?utf-8?q?B=C3=B8geskov?= <xen-users@morten.bogeskov.dk>
      Cc: Mark Williamson <mark.williamson@cl.cam.ac.uk>
      e3d26976
    • J
      xen: ask the hypervisor how much space it needs reserved · fb1d8404
      Jeremy Fitzhardinge 提交于
      Ask the hypervisor how much space it needs reserved, since 32-on-64
      doesn't need any space, and it may change in future.
      Signed-off-by: NJeremy Fitzhardinge <jeremy@xensource.com>
      fb1d8404
    • J
      xen: lock pte pages while pinning/unpinning · 74260714
      Jeremy Fitzhardinge 提交于
      When a pagetable is created, it is made globally visible in the rmap
      prio tree before it is pinned via arch_dup_mmap(), and remains in the
      rmap tree while it is unpinned with arch_exit_mmap().
      
      This means that other CPUs may race with the pinning/unpinning
      process, and see a pte between when it gets marked RO and actually
      pinned, causing any pte updates to fail with write-protect faults.
      
      As a result, all pte pages must be properly locked, and only unlocked
      once the pinning/unpinning process has finished.
      
      In order to avoid taking spinlocks for the whole pagetable - which may
      overflow the PREEMPT_BITS portion of preempt counter - it locks and pins
      each pte page individually, and then finally pins the whole pagetable.
      Signed-off-by: NJeremy Fitzhardinge <jeremy@xensource.com>
      Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
      Cc: Hugh Dickens <hugh@veritas.com>
      Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
      Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
      Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@suse.de>
      Cc: Keir Fraser <keir@xensource.com>
      Cc: Jan Beulich <jbeulich@novell.com>
      74260714
    • J
      xen: deal with stale cr3 values when unpinning pagetables · 9f79991d
      Jeremy Fitzhardinge 提交于
      When a pagetable is no longer in use, it must be unpinned so that its
      pages can be freed.  However, this is only possible if there are no
      stray uses of the pagetable.  The code currently deals with all the
      usual cases, but there's a rare case where a vcpu is changing cr3, but
      is doing so lazily, and the change hasn't actually happened by the time
      the pagetable is unpinned, even though it appears to have been completed.
      
      This change adds a second per-cpu cr3 variable - xen_current_cr3 -
      which tracks the actual state of the vcpu cr3.  It is only updated once
      the actual hypercall to set cr3 has been completed.  Other processors
      wishing to unpin a pagetable can check other vcpu's xen_current_cr3
      values to see if any cross-cpu IPIs are needed to clean things up.
      
      [ Stable folks: 2.6.23 bugfix ]
      Signed-off-by: NJeremy Fitzhardinge <jeremy@xensource.com>
      Cc: Stable Kernel <stable@kernel.org>
      9f79991d
    • J
      Clean up duplicate includes in arch/i386/xen/ · d626a1f1
      Jesper Juhl 提交于
      This patch cleans up duplicate includes in
      	arch/i386/xen/
      Signed-off-by: NJesper Juhl <jesper.juhl@gmail.com>
      Signed-off-by: NJeremy Fitzhardinge <jeremy@xensource.com>
      d626a1f1
    • J
      paravirt: clean up lazy mode handling · 8965c1c0
      Jeremy Fitzhardinge 提交于
      Currently, the set_lazy_mode pv_op is overloaded with 5 functions:
       1. enter lazy cpu mode
       2. leave lazy cpu mode
       3. enter lazy mmu mode
       4. leave lazy mmu mode
       5. flush pending batched operations
      
      This complicates each paravirt backend, since it needs to deal with
      all the possible state transitions, handling flushing, etc. In
      particular, flushing is quite distinct from the other 4 functions, and
      seems to just cause complication.
      
      This patch removes the set_lazy_mode operation, and adds "enter" and
      "leave" lazy mode operations on mmu_ops and cpu_ops.  All the logic
      associated with enter and leaving lazy states is now in common code
      (basically BUG_ONs to make sure that no mode is current when entering
      a lazy mode, and make sure that the mode is current when leaving).
      Also, flush is handled in a common way, by simply leaving and
      re-entering the lazy mode.
      
      The result is that the Xen, lguest and VMI lazy mode implementations
      are much simpler.
      Signed-off-by: NJeremy Fitzhardinge <jeremy@xensource.com>
      Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@suse.de>
      Cc: Zach Amsden <zach@vmware.com>
      Cc: Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au>
      Cc: Avi Kivity <avi@qumranet.com>
      Cc: Anthony Liguory <aliguori@us.ibm.com>
      Cc: "Glauber de Oliveira Costa" <glommer@gmail.com>
      Cc: Jun Nakajima <jun.nakajima@intel.com>
      8965c1c0
    • J
      paravirt: refactor struct paravirt_ops into smaller pv_*_ops · 93b1eab3
      Jeremy Fitzhardinge 提交于
      This patch refactors the paravirt_ops structure into groups of
      functionally related ops:
      
      pv_info - random info, rather than function entrypoints
      pv_init_ops - functions used at boot time (some for module_init too)
      pv_misc_ops - lazy mode, which didn't fit well anywhere else
      pv_time_ops - time-related functions
      pv_cpu_ops - various privileged instruction ops
      pv_irq_ops - operations for managing interrupt state
      pv_apic_ops - APIC operations
      pv_mmu_ops - operations for managing pagetables
      
      There are several motivations for this:
      
      1. Some of these ops will be general to all x86, and some will be
         i386/x86-64 specific.  This makes it easier to share common stuff
         while allowing separate implementations where needed.
      
      2. At the moment we must export all of paravirt_ops, but modules only
         need selected parts of it.  This allows us to export on a case by case
         basis (and also choose which export license we want to apply).
      
      3. Functional groupings make things a bit more readable.
      
      Struct paravirt_ops is now only used as a template to generate
      patch-site identifiers, and to extract function pointers for inserting
      into jmp/calls when patching.  It is only instantiated when needed.
      Signed-off-by: NJeremy Fitzhardinge <jeremy@xensource.com>
      Signed-off-by: NRusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au>
      Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@suse.de>
      Cc: Zach Amsden <zach@vmware.com>
      Cc: Avi Kivity <avi@qumranet.com>
      Cc: Anthony Liguory <aliguori@us.ibm.com>
      Cc: "Glauber de Oliveira Costa" <glommer@gmail.com>
      Cc: Jun Nakajima <jun.nakajima@intel.com>
      93b1eab3
  6. 11 10月, 2007 1 次提交
  7. 20 9月, 2007 1 次提交
  8. 12 8月, 2007 1 次提交
    • A
      i386: Make patching more robust, fix paravirt issue · ab144f5e
      Andi Kleen 提交于
      Commit 19d36ccd "x86: Fix alternatives
      and kprobes to remap write-protected kernel text" uses code which is
      being patched for patching.
      
      In particular, paravirt_ops does patching in two stages: first it
      calls paravirt_ops.patch, then it fills any remaining instructions
      with nop_out().  nop_out calls text_poke() which calls
      lookup_address() which calls pgd_val() (aka paravirt_ops.pgd_val):
      that call site is one of the places we patch.
      
      If we always do patching as one single call to text_poke(), we only
      need make sure we're not patching the memcpy in text_poke itself.
      This means the prototype to paravirt_ops.patch needs to change, to
      marshal the new code into a buffer rather than patching in place as it
      does now.  It also means all patching goes through text_poke(), which
      is known to be safe (apply_alternatives is also changed to make a
      single patch).
      
      AK: fix compilation on x86-64 (bad rusty!)
      AK: fix boot on x86-64 (sigh)
      AK: merged with other patches
      Signed-off-by: NRusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au>
      Signed-off-by: NAndi Kleen <ak@suse.de>
      Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
      ab144f5e
  9. 18 7月, 2007 15 次提交
    • J
      xen: use iret directly when possible · 9ec2b804
      Jeremy Fitzhardinge 提交于
      Most of the time we can simply use the iret instruction to exit the
      kernel, rather than having to use the iret hypercall - the only
      exception is if we're returning into vm86 mode, or from delivering an
      NMI (which we don't support yet).
      
      When running native, iret has the behaviour of testing for a pending
      interrupt atomically with re-enabling interrupts.  Unfortunately
      there's no way to do this with Xen, so there's a window in which we
      could get a recursive exception after enabling events but before
      actually returning to userspace.
      
      This causes a problem: if the nested interrupt causes one of the
      task's TIF_WORK_MASK flags to be set, they will not be checked again
      before returning to userspace.  This means that pending work may be
      left pending indefinitely, until the process enters and leaves the
      kernel again.  The net effect is that a pending signal or reschedule
      event could be delayed for an unbounded amount of time.
      
      To deal with this, the xen event upcall handler checks to see if the
      EIP is within the critical section of the iret code, after events
      are (potentially) enabled up to the iret itself.  If its within this
      range, it calls the iret critical section fixup, which adjusts the
      stack to deal with any unrestored registers, and then shifts the
      stack frame up to replace the previous invocation.
      Signed-off-by: NJeremy Fitzhardinge <jeremy@xensource.com>
      9ec2b804
    • J
      xen: Attempt to patch inline versions of common operations · 6487673b
      Jeremy Fitzhardinge 提交于
      This patchs adds the mechanism to allow us to patch inline versions of
      common operations.
      
      The implementations of the direct-access versions save_fl, restore_fl,
      irq_enable and irq_disable are now in assembler, and the same code is
      used for both out of line and inline uses.
      Signed-off-by: NJeremy Fitzhardinge <jeremy@xensource.com>
      Cc: Chris Wright <chrisw@sous-sol.org>
      Cc: Keir Fraser <keir@xensource.com>
      6487673b
    • J
      xen: Place vcpu_info structure into per-cpu memory · 60223a32
      Jeremy Fitzhardinge 提交于
      An experimental patch for Xen allows guests to place their vcpu_info
      structs anywhere.  We try to use this to place the vcpu_info into the
      PDA, which allows direct access.
      
      If this works, then switch to using direct access operations for
      irq_enable, disable, save_fl and restore_fl.
      Signed-off-by: NJeremy Fitzhardinge <jeremy@xensource.com>
      Cc: Chris Wright <chrisw@sous-sol.org>
      Cc: Keir Fraser <keir@xensource.com>
      60223a32
    • J
      xen: machine operations · fefa629a
      Jeremy Fitzhardinge 提交于
      Make the appropriate hypercalls to halt and reboot the virtual machine.
      Signed-off-by: NJeremy Fitzhardinge <jeremy@xensource.com>
      Acked-by: NChris Wright <chrisw@sous-sol.org>
      fefa629a
    • J
      xen: hack to prevent bad segment register reload · 8b84ad94
      Jeremy Fitzhardinge 提交于
      The hypervisor saves and restores the segment registers as part of the
      state is saves while context switching.  If, during a context switch,
      the next process doesn't use the TLS segments, it invalidates the GDT
      entry, causing the segment register reload to fault.  This fault
      effectively doubles the cost of a context switch.
      
      This patch is a band-aid workaround which clears the usermode %gs
      after it has been saved for the previous process, but before it gets
      reloaded for the next, and it avoids having the hypervisor attempt to
      erroneously reload it.
      Signed-off-by: NJeremy Fitzhardinge <jeremy@xensource.com>
      Signed-off-by: NChris Wright <chrisw@sous-sol.org>
      8b84ad94
    • J
      xen: lazy-mmu operations · d66bf8fc
      Jeremy Fitzhardinge 提交于
      This patch uses the lazy-mmu hooks to batch mmu operations where
      possible.  This is primarily useful for batching operations applied to
      active pagetables, which happens during mprotect, munmap, mremap and
      the like (mmap does not do bulk pagetable operations, so it isn't
      helped).
      Signed-off-by: NJeremy Fitzhardinge <jeremy@xensource.com>
      Acked-by: NChris Wright <chrisw@sous-sol.org>
      d66bf8fc
    • J
      xen: Add support for preemption · f120f13e
      Jeremy Fitzhardinge 提交于
      Add Xen support for preemption.  This is mostly a cleanup of existing
      preempt_enable/disable calls, or just comments to explain the current
      usage.
      Signed-off-by: NJeremy Fitzhardinge <jeremy@xensource.com>
      Signed-off-by: NChris Wright <chrisw@sous-sol.org>
      f120f13e
    • J
      xen: SMP guest support · f87e4cac
      Jeremy Fitzhardinge 提交于
      This is a fairly straightforward Xen implementation of smp_ops.
      
      Xen has its own IPI mechanisms, and has no dependency on any
      APIC-based IPI.  The smp_ops hooks and the flush_tlb_others pv_op
      allow a Xen guest to avoid all APIC code in arch/i386 (the only apic
      operation is a single apic_read for the apic version number).
      
      One subtle point which needs to be addressed is unpinning pagetables
      when another cpu may have a lazy tlb reference to the pagetable. Xen
      will not allow an in-use pagetable to be unpinned, so we must find any
      other cpus with a reference to the pagetable and get them to shoot
      down their references.
      Signed-off-by: NJeremy Fitzhardinge <jeremy@xensource.com>
      Signed-off-by: NChris Wright <chrisw@sous-sol.org>
      Cc: Benjamin LaHaise <bcrl@kvack.org>
      Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com>
      Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@suse.de>
      f87e4cac
    • J
      xen: Implement sched_clock · ab550288
      Jeremy Fitzhardinge 提交于
      Implement xen_sched_clock, which returns the number of ns the current
      vcpu has been actually in an unstolen state (ie, running or blocked,
      vs runnable-but-not-running, or offline) since boot.
      Signed-off-by: NJeremy Fitzhardinge <jeremy@xensource.com>
      Acked-by: NChris Wright <chrisw@sous-sol.org>
      Cc: john stultz <johnstul@us.ibm.com>
      ab550288
    • J
      xen: ignore RW mapping of RO pages in pagetable_init · 9a4029fd
      Jeremy Fitzhardinge 提交于
      When setting up the initial pagetable, which includes mappings of all
      low physical memory, ignore a mapping which tries to set the RW bit on
      an RO pte.  An RO pte indicates a page which is part of the current
      pagetable, and so it cannot be allowed to become RW.
      
      Once xen_pagetable_setup_done is called, set_pte reverts to its normal
      behaviour.
      Signed-off-by: NJeremy Fitzhardinge <jeremy@xensource.com>
      Acked-by: NChris Wright <chrisw@sous-sol.org>
      Cc: ebiederm@xmission.com (Eric W. Biederman)
      9a4029fd
    • J
      xen: Complete pagetable pinning · f4f97b3e
      Jeremy Fitzhardinge 提交于
      Xen requires all active pagetables to be marked read-only.  When the
      base of the pagetable is loaded into %cr3, the hypervisor validates
      the entire pagetable and only allows the load to proceed if it all
      checks out.
      
      This is pretty slow, so to mitigate this cost Xen has a notion of
      pinned pagetables.  Pinned pagetables are pagetables which are
      considered to be active even if no processor's cr3 is pointing to is.
      This means that it must remain read-only and all updates are validated
      by the hypervisor.  This makes context switches much cheaper, because
      the hypervisor doesn't need to revalidate the pagetable each time.
      
      This also adds a new paravirt hook which is called during setup once
      the zones and memory allocator have been initialized.  When the
      init_mm pagetable is first built, the struct page array does not yet
      exist, and so there's nowhere to put he init_mm pagetable's PG_pinned
      flags.  Once the zones are initialized and the struct page array
      exists, we can set the PG_pinned flags for those pages.
      
      This patch also adds the Xen support for pte pages allocated out of
      highmem (highpte) by implementing xen_kmap_atomic_pte.
      Signed-off-by: NJeremy Fitzhardinge <jeremy@xensource.com>
      Signed-off-by: NChris Wright <chrisw@sous-sol.org>
      Cc: Zach Amsden <zach@vmware.com>
      f4f97b3e
    • J
      xen: time implementation · 15c84731
      Jeremy Fitzhardinge 提交于
      Xen maintains a base clock which measures nanoseconds since system
      boot.  This is provided to guests via a shared page which contains a
      base time in ns, a tsc timestamp at that point and tsc frequency
      parameters.  Guests can compute the current time by reading the tsc
      and using it to extrapolate the current time from the basetime.  The
      hypervisor makes sure that the frequency parameters are updated
      regularly, paricularly if the tsc changes rate or stops.
      
      This is implemented as a clocksource, so the interface to the rest of
      the kernel is a simple clocksource which simply returns the current
      time directly in nanoseconds.
      
      Xen also provides a simple timer mechanism, which allows a timeout to
      be set in the future.  When that time arrives, a timer event is sent
      to the guest.  There are two timer interfaces:
       - An old one which also delivers a stream of (unused) ticks at 100Hz,
         and on the same event, the actual timer events.  The 100Hz ticks
         cause a lot of spurious wakeups, but are basically harmless.
       - The new timer interface doesn't have the 100Hz ticks, and can also
         fail if the specified time is in the past.
      
      This code presents the Xen timer as a clockevent driver, and uses the
      new interface by preference.
      Signed-off-by: NJeremy Fitzhardinge <jeremy@xensource.com>
      Signed-off-by: NChris Wright <chrisw@sous-sol.org>
      Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
      Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
      15c84731
    • J
      xen: event channels · e46cdb66
      Jeremy Fitzhardinge 提交于
      Xen implements interrupts in terms of event channels.  Each guest
      domain gets 1024 event channels which can be used for a variety of
      purposes, such as Xen timer events, inter-domain events,
      inter-processor events (IPI) or for real hardware IRQs.
      
      Within the kernel, we map the event channels to IRQs, and implement
      the whole interrupt handling using a Xen irq_chip.
      
      Rather than setting NR_IRQ to 1024 under PARAVIRT in order to
      accomodate Xen, we create a dynamic mapping between event channels and
      IRQs.  Ideally, Linux will eventually move towards dynamically
      allocating per-irq structures, and we can use a 1:1 mapping between
      event channels and irqs.
      Signed-off-by: NJeremy Fitzhardinge <jeremy@xensource.com>
      Signed-off-by: NChris Wright <chrisw@sous-sol.org>
      Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
      Cc: Eric W. Biederman <ebiederm@xmission.com>
      e46cdb66
    • J
      xen: virtual mmu · 3b827c1b
      Jeremy Fitzhardinge 提交于
      Xen pagetable handling, including the machinery to implement direct
      pagetables.
      
      Xen presents the real CPU's pagetables directly to guests, with no
      added shadowing or other layer of abstraction.  Naturally this means
      the hypervisor must maintain close control over what the guest can put
      into the pagetable.
      
      When the guest modifies the pte/pmd/pgd, it must convert its
      domain-specific notion of a "physical" pfn into a global machine frame
      number (mfn) before inserting the entry into the pagetable.  Xen will
      check to make sure the domain is allowed to create a mapping of the
      given mfn.
      
      Xen also requires that all mappings the guest has of its own active
      pagetable are read-only.  This is relatively easy to implement in
      Linux because all pagetables share the same pte pages for kernel
      mappings, so updating the pte in one pagetable will implicitly update
      the mapping in all pagetables.
      
      Normally a pagetable becomes active when you point to it with cr3 (or
      the Xen equivalent), but when you do so, Xen must check the whole
      pagetable for correctness, which is clearly a performance problem.
      
      Xen solves this with pinning which keeps a pagetable effectively
      active even if its currently unused, which means that all the normal
      update rules are enforced.  This means that it need not revalidate the
      pagetable when loading cr3.
      
      This patch has a first-cut implementation of pinning, but it is more
      fully implemented in a later patch.
      Signed-off-by: NJeremy Fitzhardinge <jeremy@xensource.com>
      Signed-off-by: NChris Wright <chrisw@sous-sol.org>
      3b827c1b
    • J
      xen: Core Xen implementation · 5ead97c8
      Jeremy Fitzhardinge 提交于
      This patch is a rollup of all the core pieces of the Xen
      implementation, including:
       - booting and setup
       - pagetable setup
       - privileged instructions
       - segmentation
       - interrupt flags
       - upcalls
       - multicall batching
      
      BOOTING AND SETUP
      
      The vmlinux image is decorated with ELF notes which tell the Xen
      domain builder what the kernel's requirements are; the domain builder
      then constructs the address space accordingly and starts the kernel.
      
      Xen has its own entrypoint for the kernel (contained in an ELF note).
      The ELF notes are set up by xen-head.S, which is included into head.S.
      In principle it could be linked separately, but it seems to provoke
      lots of binutils bugs.
      
      Because the domain builder starts the kernel in a fairly sane state
      (32-bit protected mode, paging enabled, flat segments set up), there's
      not a lot of setup needed before starting the kernel proper.  The main
      steps are:
        1. Install the Xen paravirt_ops, which is simply a matter of a
           structure assignment.
        2. Set init_mm to use the Xen-supplied pagetables (analogous to the
           head.S generated pagetables in a native boot).
        3. Reserve address space for Xen, since it takes a chunk at the top
           of the address space for its own use.
        4. Call start_kernel()
      
      PAGETABLE SETUP
      
      Once we hit the main kernel boot sequence, it will end up calling back
      via paravirt_ops to set up various pieces of Xen specific state.  One
      of the critical things which requires a bit of extra care is the
      construction of the initial init_mm pagetable.  Because Xen places
      tight constraints on pagetables (an active pagetable must always be
      valid, and must always be mapped read-only to the guest domain), we
      need to be careful when constructing the new pagetable to keep these
      constraints in mind.  It turns out that the easiest way to do this is
      use the initial Xen-provided pagetable as a template, and then just
      insert new mappings for memory where a mapping doesn't already exist.
      
      This means that during pagetable setup, it uses a special version of
      xen_set_pte which ignores any attempt to remap a read-only page as
      read-write (since Xen will map its own initial pagetable as RO), but
      lets other changes to the ptes happen, so that things like NX are set
      properly.
      
      PRIVILEGED INSTRUCTIONS AND SEGMENTATION
      
      When the kernel runs under Xen, it runs in ring 1 rather than ring 0.
      This means that it is more privileged than user-mode in ring 3, but it
      still can't run privileged instructions directly.  Non-performance
      critical instructions are dealt with by taking a privilege exception
      and trapping into the hypervisor and emulating the instruction, but
      more performance-critical instructions have their own specific
      paravirt_ops.  In many cases we can avoid having to do any hypercalls
      for these instructions, or the Xen implementation is quite different
      from the normal native version.
      
      The privileged instructions fall into the broad classes of:
        Segmentation: setting up the GDT and the GDT entries, LDT,
           TLS and so on.  Xen doesn't allow the GDT to be directly
           modified; all GDT updates are done via hypercalls where the new
           entries can be validated.  This is important because Xen uses
           segment limits to prevent the guest kernel from damaging the
           hypervisor itself.
        Traps and exceptions: Xen uses a special format for trap entrypoints,
           so when the kernel wants to set an IDT entry, it needs to be
           converted to the form Xen expects.  Xen sets int 0x80 up specially
           so that the trap goes straight from userspace into the guest kernel
           without going via the hypervisor.  sysenter isn't supported.
        Kernel stack: The esp0 entry is extracted from the tss and provided to
           Xen.
        TLB operations: the various TLB calls are mapped into corresponding
           Xen hypercalls.
        Control registers: all the control registers are privileged.  The most
           important is cr3, which points to the base of the current pagetable,
           and we handle it specially.
      
      Another instruction we treat specially is CPUID, even though its not
      privileged.  We want to control what CPU features are visible to the
      rest of the kernel, and so CPUID ends up going into a paravirt_op.
      Xen implements this mainly to disable the ACPI and APIC subsystems.
      
      INTERRUPT FLAGS
      
      Xen maintains its own separate flag for masking events, which is
      contained within the per-cpu vcpu_info structure.  Because the guest
      kernel runs in ring 1 and not 0, the IF flag in EFLAGS is completely
      ignored (and must be, because even if a guest domain disables
      interrupts for itself, it can't disable them overall).
      
      (A note on terminology: "events" and interrupts are effectively
      synonymous.  However, rather than using an "enable flag", Xen uses a
      "mask flag", which blocks event delivery when it is non-zero.)
      
      There are paravirt_ops for each of cli/sti/save_fl/restore_fl, which
      are implemented to manage the Xen event mask state.  The only thing
      worth noting is that when events are unmasked, we need to explicitly
      see if there's a pending event and call into the hypervisor to make
      sure it gets delivered.
      
      UPCALLS
      
      Xen needs a couple of upcall (or callback) functions to be implemented
      by each guest.  One is the event upcalls, which is how events
      (interrupts, effectively) are delivered to the guests.  The other is
      the failsafe callback, which is used to report errors in either
      reloading a segment register, or caused by iret.  These are
      implemented in i386/kernel/entry.S so they can jump into the normal
      iret_exc path when necessary.
      
      MULTICALL BATCHING
      
      Xen provides a multicall mechanism, which allows multiple hypercalls
      to be issued at once in order to mitigate the cost of trapping into
      the hypervisor.  This is particularly useful for context switches,
      since the 4-5 hypercalls they would normally need (reload cr3, update
      TLS, maybe update LDT) can be reduced to one.  This patch implements a
      generic batching mechanism for hypercalls, which gets used in many
      places in the Xen code.
      Signed-off-by: NJeremy Fitzhardinge <jeremy@xensource.com>
      Signed-off-by: NChris Wright <chrisw@sous-sol.org>
      Cc: Ian Pratt <ian.pratt@xensource.com>
      Cc: Christian Limpach <Christian.Limpach@cl.cam.ac.uk>
      Cc: Adrian Bunk <bunk@stusta.de>
      5ead97c8