In the current implementation mem_cgroup_end_migration() decides whether
the page migration has succeeded or not by checking "oldpage->mapping".

But if we are tring to migrate a shmem swapcache, the page->mapping of it
is NULL from the begining, so the check would be invalid.  As a result,
mem_cgroup_end_migration() assumes the migration has succeeded even if
it's not, so "newpage" would be freed while it's not uncharged.

This patch fixes it by passing mem_cgroup_end_migration() the result of
the page migration.
Signed-off-by: NDaisuke Nishimura <nishimura@mxp.nes.nec.co.jp>
Reviewed-by: NMinchan Kim <minchan.kim@gmail.com>
Acked-by: NKAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Acked-by: NBalbir Singh <balbir@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan.kim@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: NJohannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

In mem_cgroup_alloc() we currently do either kmalloc() or vmalloc() then
followed by memset() to zero the memory.  This can be more efficiently
achieved by using kzalloc() and vzalloc().  There's also one situation
where we can use kzalloc_node() - this is what's new in this version of
the patch.
Signed-off-by: NJesper Juhl <jj@chaosbits.net>
Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan.kim@gmail.com>
Cc: Wu Fengguang <fengguang.wu@intel.com>
Cc: Balbir Singh <balbir@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Li Zefan <lizf@cn.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Commit b1dd693e ("memcg: avoid deadlock between move charge and
try_charge()") can cause another deadlock about mmap_sem on task migration
if cpuset and memcg are mounted onto the same mount point.

After the commit, cgroup_attach_task() has sequence like:

cgroup_attach_task()
  ss->can_attach()
    cpuset_can_attach()
    mem_cgroup_can_attach()
      down_read(&mmap_sem)        (1)
  ss->attach()
    cpuset_attach()
      mpol_rebind_mm()
        down_write(&mmap_sem)     (2)
        up_write(&mmap_sem)
      cpuset_migrate_mm()
        do_migrate_pages()
          down_read(&mmap_sem)
          up_read(&mmap_sem)
    mem_cgroup_move_task()
      mem_cgroup_clear_mc()
        up_read(&mmap_sem)

We can cause deadlock at (2) because we've already aquire the mmap_sem at (1).

But the commit itself is necessary to fix deadlocks which have existed
before the commit like:

Ex.1)
                move charge             |        try charge
  --------------------------------------+------------------------------
    mem_cgroup_can_attach()             |  down_write(&mmap_sem)
      mc.moving_task = current          |    ..
      mem_cgroup_precharge_mc()         |  __mem_cgroup_try_charge()
        mem_cgroup_count_precharge()    |    prepare_to_wait()
          down_read(&mmap_sem)          |    if (mc.moving_task)
          -> cannot aquire the lock     |    -> true
                                        |      schedule()
                                        |      -> move charge should wake it up

Ex.2)
                move charge             |        try charge
  --------------------------------------+------------------------------
    mem_cgroup_can_attach()             |
      mc.moving_task = current          |
      mem_cgroup_precharge_mc()         |
        mem_cgroup_count_precharge()    |
          down_read(&mmap_sem)          |
          ..                            |
          up_read(&mmap_sem)            |
                                        |  down_write(&mmap_sem)
    mem_cgroup_move_task()              |    ..
      mem_cgroup_move_charge()          |  __mem_cgroup_try_charge()
        down_read(&mmap_sem)            |    prepare_to_wait()
        -> cannot aquire the lock       |    if (mc.moving_task)
                                        |    -> true
                                        |      schedule()
                                        |      -> move charge should wake it up

This patch fixes all of these problems by:
1. revert the commit.
2. To fix the Ex.1, we set mc.moving_task after mem_cgroup_count_precharge()
   has released the mmap_sem.
3. To fix the Ex.2, we use down_read_trylock() instead of down_read() in
   mem_cgroup_move_charge() and, if it has failed to aquire the lock, cancel
   all extra charges, wake up all waiters, and retry trylock.
Signed-off-by: NDaisuke Nishimura <nishimura@mxp.nes.nec.co.jp>
Reported-by: NBen Blum <bblum@andrew.cmu.edu>
Cc: Miao Xie <miaox@cn.fujitsu.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Paul Menage <menage@google.com>
Cc: Hiroyuki Kamezawa <kamezawa.hiroyuki@gmail.com>
Cc: Balbir Singh <balbir@in.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Signed-off-by: NMinchan Kim <minchan.kim@gmail.com>
Acked-by: NBalbir Singh <balbir@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Acked-by: NKAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Adding the number of swap pages to the byte limit of a memory control
group makes no sense.  Convert the pages to bytes before adding them.

The only user of this code is the OOM killer, and the way it is used means
that the error results in a higher OOM badness value.  Since the cgroup
limit is the same for all tasks in the cgroup, the error should have no
practical impact at the moment.

But let's not wait for future or changing users to trip over it.
Signed-off-by: NJohannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Greg Thelen <gthelen@google.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Acked-by: NKAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Balbir Singh <balbir@in.ibm.com>
Cc: Daisuke Nishimura <nishimura@mxp.nes.nec.co.jp>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Introduce a new bit spin lock, PCG_MOVE_LOCK, to synchronize the page
accounting and migration code.  This reworks the locking scheme of
_update_stat() and _move_account() by adding new lock bit PCG_MOVE_LOCK,
which is always taken under IRQ disable.

1. If pages are being migrated from a memcg, then updates to that
   memcg page statistics are protected by grabbing PCG_MOVE_LOCK using
   move_lock_page_cgroup().  In an upcoming commit, memcg dirty page
   accounting will be updating memcg page accounting (specifically: num
   writeback pages) from IRQ context (softirq).  Avoid a deadlocking
   nested spin lock attempt by disabling irq on the local processor when
   grabbing the PCG_MOVE_LOCK.

2. lock for update_page_stat is used only for avoiding race with
   move_account().  So, IRQ awareness of lock_page_cgroup() itself is not
   a problem.  The problem is between mem_cgroup_update_page_stat() and
   mem_cgroup_move_account_page().

Trade-off:
  * Changing lock_page_cgroup() to always disable IRQ (or
    local_bh) has some impacts on performance and I think
    it's bad to disable IRQ when it's not necessary.
  * adding a new lock makes move_account() slower.  Score is
    here.

Performance Impact: moving a 8G anon process.

Before:
	real    0m0.792s
	user    0m0.000s
	sys     0m0.780s

After:
	real    0m0.854s
	user    0m0.000s
	sys     0m0.842s

This score is bad but planned patches for optimization can reduce
this impact.
Signed-off-by: NKAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: NGreg Thelen <gthelen@google.com>
Reviewed-by: NMinchan Kim <minchan.kim@gmail.com>
Acked-by: NDaisuke Nishimura <nishimura@mxp.nes.nec.co.jp>
Cc: Andrea Righi <arighi@develer.com>
Cc: Balbir Singh <balbir@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Wu Fengguang <fengguang.wu@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Replace usage of the mem_cgroup_update_file_mapped() memcg
statistic update routine with two new routines:
* mem_cgroup_inc_page_stat()
* mem_cgroup_dec_page_stat()

As before, only the file_mapped statistic is managed.  However, these more
general interfaces allow for new statistics to be more easily added.  New
statistics are added with memcg dirty page accounting.
Signed-off-by: NGreg Thelen <gthelen@google.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrea Righi <arighi@develer.com>
Acked-by: NKAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Acked-by: NDaisuke Nishimura <nishimura@mxp.nes.nec.co.jp>
Cc: Balbir Singh <balbir@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan.kim@gmail.com>
Cc: Wu Fengguang <fengguang.wu@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Document cgroup dirty memory interfaces and statistics.

[akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix use_hierarchy description]
Signed-off-by: NAndrea Righi <arighi@develer.com>
Signed-off-by: NGreg Thelen <gthelen@google.com>
Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Daisuke Nishimura <nishimura@mxp.nes.nec.co.jp>
Cc: Balbir Singh <balbir@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan.kim@gmail.com>
Cc: Wu Fengguang <fengguang.wu@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

This patchset provides the ability for each cgroup to have independent
dirty page limits.

Limiting dirty memory is like fixing the max amount of dirty (hard to
reclaim) page cache used by a cgroup.  So, in case of multiple cgroup
writers, they will not be able to consume more than their designated share
of dirty pages and will be forced to perform write-out if they cross that
limit.

The patches are based on a series proposed by Andrea Righi in Mar 2010.

Overview:

- Add page_cgroup flags to record when pages are dirty, in writeback, or nfs
  unstable.

- Extend mem_cgroup to record the total number of pages in each of the
  interesting dirty states (dirty, writeback, unstable_nfs).

- Add dirty parameters similar to the system-wide  /proc/sys/vm/dirty_*
  limits to mem_cgroup.  The mem_cgroup dirty parameters are accessible
  via cgroupfs control files.

- Consider both system and per-memcg dirty limits in page writeback when
  deciding to queue background writeback or block for foreground writeback.

Known shortcomings:

- When a cgroup dirty limit is exceeded, then bdi writeback is employed to
  writeback dirty inodes.  Bdi writeback considers inodes from any cgroup, not
  just inodes contributing dirty pages to the cgroup exceeding its limit.

- When memory.use_hierarchy is set, then dirty limits are disabled.  This is a
  implementation detail.  An enhanced implementation is needed to check the
  chain of parents to ensure that no dirty limit is exceeded.

Performance data:
- A page fault microbenchmark workload was used to measure performance, which
  can be called in read or write mode:
        f = open(foo. $cpu)
        truncate(f, 4096)
        alarm(60)
        while (1) {
                p = mmap(f, 4096)
                if (write)
			*p = 1
		else
			x = *p
                munmap(p)
        }

- The workload was called for several points in the patch series in different
  modes:
  - s_read is a single threaded reader
  - s_write is a single threaded writer
  - p_read is a 16 thread reader, each operating on a different file
  - p_write is a 16 thread writer, each operating on a different file

- Measurements were collected on a 16 core non-numa system using "perf stat
  --repeat 3".  The -a option was used for parallel (p_*) runs.

- All numbers are page fault rate (M/sec).  Higher is better.

- To compare the performance of a kernel without non-memcg compare the first and
  last rows, neither has memcg configured.  The first row does not include any
  of these memcg patches.

- To compare the performance of using memcg dirty limits, compare the baseline
  (2nd row titled "w/ memcg") with the the code and memcg enabled (2nd to last
  row titled "all patches").

                           root_cgroup                    child_cgroup
                 s_read s_write p_read p_write   s_read s_write p_read p_write
mmotm w/o memcg   0.428  0.390   0.429  0.388
mmotm w/ memcg    0.411  0.378   0.391  0.362     0.412  0.377   0.385  0.363
all patches       0.384  0.360   0.370  0.348     0.381  0.363   0.368  0.347
all patches       0.431  0.402   0.427  0.395
  w/o memcg

This patch:

Add additional flags to page_cgroup to track dirty pages within a
mem_cgroup.
Signed-off-by: NKAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrea Righi <arighi@develer.com>
Signed-off-by: NGreg Thelen <gthelen@google.com>
Acked-by: NDaisuke Nishimura <nishimura@mxp.nes.nec.co.jp>
Cc: Balbir Singh <balbir@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan.kim@gmail.com>
Cc: Wu Fengguang <fengguang.wu@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

The zone->lru_lock is heavily contented in workload where activate_page()
is frequently used.  We could do batch activate_page() to reduce the lock
contention.  The batched pages will be added into zone list when the pool
is full or page reclaim is trying to drain them.

For example, in a 4 socket 64 CPU system, create a sparse file and 64
processes, processes shared map to the file.  Each process read access the
whole file and then exit.  The process exit will do unmap_vmas() and cause
a lot of activate_page() call.  In such workload, we saw about 58% total
time reduction with below patch.  Other workloads with a lot of
activate_page also benefits a lot too.

I tested some microbenchmarks:
case-anon-cow-rand-mt		0.58%
case-anon-cow-rand		-3.30%
case-anon-cow-seq-mt		-0.51%
case-anon-cow-seq		-5.68%
case-anon-r-rand-mt		0.23%
case-anon-r-rand		0.81%
case-anon-r-seq-mt		-0.71%
case-anon-r-seq			-1.99%
case-anon-rx-rand-mt		2.11%
case-anon-rx-seq-mt		3.46%
case-anon-w-rand-mt		-0.03%
case-anon-w-rand		-0.50%
case-anon-w-seq-mt		-1.08%
case-anon-w-seq			-0.12%
case-anon-wx-rand-mt		-5.02%
case-anon-wx-seq-mt		-1.43%
case-fork			1.65%
case-fork-sleep			-0.07%
case-fork-withmem		1.39%
case-hugetlb			-0.59%
case-lru-file-mmap-read-mt	-0.54%
case-lru-file-mmap-read		0.61%
case-lru-file-mmap-read-rand	-2.24%
case-lru-file-readonce		-0.64%
case-lru-file-readtwice		-11.69%
case-lru-memcg			-1.35%
case-mmap-pread-rand-mt		1.88%
case-mmap-pread-rand		-15.26%
case-mmap-pread-seq-mt		0.89%
case-mmap-pread-seq		-69.72%
case-mmap-xread-rand-mt		0.71%
case-mmap-xread-seq-mt		0.38%

The most significent are:
case-lru-file-readtwice		-11.69%
case-mmap-pread-rand		-15.26%
case-mmap-pread-seq		-69.72%

which use activate_page a lot.  others are basically variations because
each run has slightly difference.

[akpm@linux-foundation.org: coding-style fixes]
Signed-off-by: NShaohua Li <shaohua.li@intel.com>
Cc: Andi Kleen <andi@firstfloor.org>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan.kim@gmail.com>
Cc: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Clean up code and remove duplicate code.  Next patch will use
pagevec_lru_move_fn introduced here too.
Signed-off-by: NShaohua Li <shaohua.li@intel.com>
Cc: Andi Kleen <andi@firstfloor.org>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan.kim@gmail.com>
Cc: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

It's old-fashioned and unneeded.

akpm:/usr/src/25> size mm/page_alloc.o
   text    data     bss     dec     hex filename
  39884 1241317   18808 1300009  13d629 mm/page_alloc.o (before)
  39838 1241317   18808 1299963  13d5fb mm/page_alloc.o (after)
Acked-by: NDavid Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Acked-by: NMel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

2.6.37 added an unmap_and_move_huge_page() for memory failure recovery,
but its anon_vma handling was still based around the 2.6.35 conventions.
Update it to use page_lock_anon_vma, get_anon_vma, page_unlock_anon_vma,
drop_anon_vma in the same way as we're now changing unmap_and_move().

I don't particularly like to propose this for stable when I've not seen
its problems in practice nor tested the solution: but it's clearly out of
synch at present.
Signed-off-by: NHugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com>
Cc: "Jun'ichi Nomura" <j-nomura@ce.jp.nec.com>
Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
Cc: <stable@kernel.org> [2.6.37, 2.6.36]
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Increased usage of page migration in mmotm reveals that the anon_vma
locking in unmap_and_move() has been deficient since 2.6.36 (or even
earlier).  Review at the time of f1819427
("mm: fix hang on anon_vma->root->lock") missed the issue here: the
anon_vma to which we get a reference may already have been freed back to
its slab (it is in use when we check page_mapped, but that can change),
and so its anon_vma->root may be switched at any moment by reuse in
anon_vma_prepare.

Perhaps we could fix that with a get_anon_vma_unless_zero(), but let's
not: just rely on page_lock_anon_vma() to do all the hard thinking for us,
then we don't need any rcu read locking over here.

In removing the rcu_unlock label: since PageAnon is a bit in
page->mapping, it's impossible for a !page->mapping page to be anon; but
insert VM_BUG_ON in case the implementation ever changes.

[akpm@linux-foundation.org: coding-style fixes]
Signed-off-by: NHugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Reviewed-by: NMel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Reviewed-by: NRik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com>
Cc: "Jun'ichi Nomura" <j-nomura@ce.jp.nec.com>
Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
Cc: <stable@kernel.org> [2.6.37, 2.6.36]
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

It was hard to explain the page counts which were causing new LTP tests
of KSM to fail: we need to drain the per-cpu pagevecs to LRU occasionally.
Signed-off-by: NHugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Reported-by: NCAI Qian <caiqian@redhat.com>
Cc:Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

When parsing changes to the huge page pool sizes made from userspace via
the sysfs interface, bogus input values are being covered up by
nr_hugepages_store_common and nr_overcommit_hugepages_store returning 0
when strict_strtoul returns an error.  This can cause an infinite loop in
the nr_hugepages_store code.  This patch changes the return value for
these functions to -EINVAL when strict_strtoul returns an error.
Signed-off-by: NEric B Munson <emunson@mgebm.net>
Reported-by: NCAI Qian <caiqian@redhat.com>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Eric B Munson <emunson@mgebm.net>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Cc: Nishanth Aravamudan <nacc@us.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Huge pages with order >= MAX_ORDER must be allocated at boot via the
kernel command line, they cannot be allocated or freed once the kernel is
up and running.  Currently we allow values to be written to the sysfs and
sysctl files controling pool size for these huge page sizes.  This patch
makes the store functions for nr_hugepages and nr_overcommit_hugepages
return -EINVAL when the pool for a page size >= MAX_ORDER is changed.

[akpm@linux-foundation.org: avoid multiple return paths in nr_hugepages_store_common()]
[caiqian@redhat.com: add checking in hugetlb_overcommit_handler()]
Signed-off-by: NEric B Munson <emunson@mgebm.net>
Reported-by: NCAI Qian <caiqian@redhat.com>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Cc: Nishanth Aravamudan <nacc@us.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

proc_doulongvec_minmax may fail if the given buffer doesn't represent a
valid number.  If we provide something invalid we will initialize the
resulting value (nr_overcommit_huge_pages in this case) to a random value
from the stack.

The issue was introduced by a3d0c6aa when the default handler has been
replaced by the helper function where we do not check the return value.

Reproducer:
echo "" > /proc/sys/vm/nr_overcommit_hugepages

[akpm@linux-foundation.org: correctly propagate proc_doulongvec_minmax return code]
Signed-off-by: NMichal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Cc: CAI Qian <caiqian@redhat.com>
Cc: Nishanth Aravamudan <nacc@us.ibm.com>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

The sync_inodes_sb() function does not have a return value.  Remove the
outdated documentation comment.
Signed-off-by: NStefan Hajnoczi <stefanha@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

As it stands this code will degenerate into a busy-wait if the calling task
has signal_pending().

Cc: Rolf Eike Beer <eike-kernel@sf-tec.de>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

dma_pool_free() scans for the page to free in the pool list holding the
pool lock.  Then it releases the lock basically to acquire it immediately
again.  Modify the code to only take the lock once.

This will do some additional loops and computations with the lock held in
if memory debugging is activated.  If it is not activated the only new
operations with this lock is one if and one substraction.
Signed-off-by: NRolf Eike Beer <eike-kernel@sf-tec.de>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

The previous approach of calucation of combined index was

	page_idx & ~(1 << order))

but we have same result with

	page_idx & buddy_idx

This reduces instructions slightly as well as enhances readability.

[akpm@linux-foundation.org: coding-style fixes]
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix used-unintialised warning]
Signed-off-by: NKyongHo Cho <pullip.cho@samsung.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Even if CONFIG_COMPAT_BRK is set in the kernel configuration, it can still
be overriden by randomize_va_space sysctl.

If this is the case, the min_brk computation in sys_brk() implementation
is wrong, as it solely takes into account COMPAT_BRK setting, assuming
that brk start is not randomized.  But that might not be the case if
randomize_va_space sysctl has been set to '2' at the time the binary has
been loaded from disk.

In such case, the check has to be done in a same way as in
!CONFIG_COMPAT_BRK case.

In addition to that, the check for the COMPAT_BRK case introduced back in
a5b4592c ("brk: make sys_brk() honor COMPAT_BRK when computing lower
bound") is slightly wrong -- the lower bound shouldn't be mm->end_code,
but mm->end_data instead, as that's where the legacy applications expect
brk section to start (i.e.  immediately after last global variable).

[akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix comment]
Signed-off-by: NJiri Kosina <jkosina@suse.cz>
Cc: Geert Uytterhoeven <geert@linux-m68k.org>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

The NODEMASK_ALLOC macro may dynamically allocate memory for its second
argument ('nodes_allowed' in this context).

In nr_hugepages_store_common() we may abort early if strict_strtoul()
fails, but in that case we do not free the memory already allocated to
'nodes_allowed', causing a memory leak.

This patch closes the leak by freeing the memory in the error path.

[akpm@linux-foundation.org: use NODEMASK_FREE, per Minchan Kim]
Signed-off-by: NJesper Juhl <jj@chaosbits.net>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan.kim@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

mm: migration: use rcu_dereference_protected when dereferencing the radix tree slot during file page migration

migrate_pages() -> unmap_and_move() only calls rcu_read_lock() for
anonymous pages, as introduced by git commit
989f89c5 ("fix rcu_read_lock() in page
migraton").  The point of the RCU protection there is part of getting a
stable reference to anon_vma and is only held for anon pages as file pages
are locked which is sufficient protection against freeing.

However, while a file page's mapping is being migrated, the radix tree is
double checked to ensure it is the expected page.  This uses
radix_tree_deref_slot() -> rcu_dereference() without the RCU lock held
triggering the following warning.

[  173.674290] ===================================================
[  173.676016] [ INFO: suspicious rcu_dereference_check() usage. ]
[  173.676016] ---------------------------------------------------
[  173.676016] include/linux/radix-tree.h:145 invoked rcu_dereference_check() without protection!
[  173.676016]
[  173.676016] other info that might help us debug this:
[  173.676016]
[  173.676016]
[  173.676016] rcu_scheduler_active = 1, debug_locks = 0
[  173.676016] 1 lock held by hugeadm/2899:
[  173.676016]  #0:  (&(&inode->i_data.tree_lock)->rlock){..-.-.}, at: [<c10e3d2b>] migrate_page_move_mapping+0x40/0x1ab
[  173.676016]
[  173.676016] stack backtrace:
[  173.676016] Pid: 2899, comm: hugeadm Not tainted 2.6.37-rc5-autobuild
[  173.676016] Call Trace:
[  173.676016]  [<c128cc01>] ? printk+0x14/0x1b
[  173.676016]  [<c1063502>] lockdep_rcu_dereference+0x7d/0x86
[  173.676016]  [<c10e3db5>] migrate_page_move_mapping+0xca/0x1ab
[  173.676016]  [<c10e41ad>] migrate_page+0x23/0x39
[  173.676016]  [<c10e491b>] buffer_migrate_page+0x22/0x107
[  173.676016]  [<c10e48f9>] ? buffer_migrate_page+0x0/0x107
[  173.676016]  [<c10e425d>] move_to_new_page+0x9a/0x1ae
[  173.676016]  [<c10e47e6>] migrate_pages+0x1e7/0x2fa

This patch introduces radix_tree_deref_slot_protected() which calls
rcu_dereference_protected().  Users of it must pass in the
mapping->tree_lock that is protecting this dereference.  Holding the tree
lock protects against parallel updaters of the radix tree meaning that
rcu_dereference_protected is allowable.

[akpm@linux-foundation.org: remove unneeded casts]
Signed-off-by: NMel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan.kim@gmail.com>
Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Milton Miller <miltonm@bga.com>
Cc: Nick Piggin <nickpiggin@yahoo.com.au>
Cc: Wu Fengguang <fengguang.wu@intel.com>
Cc: <stable@kernel.org>		[2.6.37.early]
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Cleanup some code with common compound_trans_head helper.
Signed-off-by: NAndrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <jweiner@redhat.com>
Cc: Marcelo Tosatti <mtosatti@redhat.com>
Cc: Avi Kivity <avi@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

This makes KSM full operational with THP pages.  Subpages are scanned
while the hugepage is still in place and delivering max cpu performance,
and only if there's a match and we're going to deduplicate memory, the
single hugepages with the subpage match is split.

There will be no false sharing between ksmd and khugepaged.  khugepaged
won't collapse 2m virtual regions with KSM pages inside.  ksmd also should
only split pages when the checksum matches and we're likely to split an
hugepage for some long living ksm page (usual ksm heuristic to avoid
sharing pages that get de-cowed).
Signed-off-by: NAndrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

MADV_HUGEPAGE and MADV_NOHUGEPAGE were fully effective only if run after
mmap and before touching the memory.  While this is enough for most
usages, it's little effort to make madvise more dynamic at runtime on an
existing mapping by making khugepaged aware about madvise.

MADV_HUGEPAGE: register in khugepaged immediately without waiting a page
fault (that may not ever happen if all pages are already mapped and the
"enabled" knob was set to madvise during the initial page faults).

MADV_NOHUGEPAGE: skip vmas marked VM_NOHUGEPAGE in khugepaged to stop
collapsing pages where not needed.

[akpm@linux-foundation.org: tweak comment]
Signed-off-by: NAndrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Add madvise MADV_NOHUGEPAGE to mark regions that are not important to be
hugepage backed.  Return -EINVAL if the vma is not of an anonymous type,
or the feature isn't built into the kernel.  Never silently return
success.
Signed-off-by: NAndrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Define MADV_NOHUGEPAGE.
Signed-off-by: NAndrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Read compound_trans_order safe. Noop for CONFIG_TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE=n.
Signed-off-by: NAndrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Daisuke Nishimura <nishimura@mxp.nes.nec.co.jp>
Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

hugetlbfs was changed to allow memory failure to migrate the hugetlbfs
pages and that broke THP as split_huge_page was then called on hugetlbfs
pages too.

compound_head/order was also run unsafe on THP pages that can be splitted
at any time.

All compound_head() invocations in memory-failure.c that are run on pages
that aren't pinned and that can be freed and reused from under us (while
compound_head is running) are buggy because compound_head can return a
dangling pointer, but I'm not fixing this as this is a generic
memory-failure bug not specific to THP but it applies to hugetlbfs too, so
I can fix it later after THP is merged upstream.
Signed-off-by: NAndrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Add debug checks for invariants that if broken could lead to mapcount vs
page_mapcount debug checks to trigger later in split_huge_page.
Signed-off-by: NAndrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Add hugepage statistics to per-node sysfs meminfo
Reviewed-by: NRik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: NDavid Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Make sure we scale up nr_rotated when we encounter a referenced
transparent huge page.  This ensures pageout scanning balance is not
distorted when there are huge pages on the LRU.
Signed-off-by: NRik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Count each transparent hugepage as HPAGE_PMD_NR pages in the LRU
statistics, so the Active(anon) and Inactive(anon) statistics in
/proc/meminfo are correct.
Signed-off-by: NRik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

On small systems, the extra memory used by the anti-fragmentation memory
reserve and simply because huge pages are smaller than large pages can
easily outweigh the benefits of less TLB misses.

A less obvious concern is if run on a NUMA machine with asymmetric node
sizes and one of them is very small.  The reserve could make the node
unusable.

In case of the crashdump kernel, OOMs have been observed due to the
anti-fragmentation memory reserve taking up a large fraction of the
crashdump image.

This patch disables transparent hugepages on systems with less than 1GB of
RAM, but the hugepage subsystem is fully initialized so administrators can
enable THP through /sys if desired.
Signed-off-by: NRik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Acked-by: NAvi Kiviti <avi@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Acked-by: NMel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

It makes no sense not to enable compaction for small order pages as we
don't want to end up with bad order 2 allocations and good and graceful
order 9 allocations.
Signed-off-by: NAndrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

This takes advantage of memory compaction to properly generate pages of
order > 0 if regular page reclaim fails and priority level becomes more
severe and we don't reach the proper watermarks.
Signed-off-by: NAndrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

It's unclear why schedule friendly kernel threads can't be taken away by
the CPU through the scheduler itself.  It's safer to stop them as they can
trigger memory allocation, if kswapd also freezes itself to avoid
generating I/O they have too.
Signed-off-by: NAndrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>