设计模式 - 解释器.md

## 解释器（Interpreter）

### Intent

为语言创建解释器，通常由语言的语法和语法分析来定义。

### Class Diagram

- TerminalExpression：终结符表达式，每个终结符都需要一个 TerminalExpression。
- Context：上下文，包含解释器之外的一些全局信息。

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### Implementation

以下是一个规则检验器实现，具有 and 和 or 规则，通过规则可以构建一颗解析树，用来检验一个文本是否满足解析树定义的规则。

例如一颗解析树为 D And (A Or (B C))，文本 "D A" 满足该解析树定义的规则。

这里的 Context 指的是 String。

```java
public abstract class Expression {
    public abstract boolean interpret(String str);
}
```

```java
public class TerminalExpression extends Expression {

    private String literal = null;

    public TerminalExpression(String str) {
        literal = str;
    }

    public boolean interpret(String str) {
        StringTokenizer st = new StringTokenizer(str);
        while (st.hasMoreTokens()) {
            String test = st.nextToken();
            if (test.equals(literal)) {
                return true;
            }
        }
        return false;
    }
}
```

```java
public class AndExpression extends Expression {

    private Expression expression1 = null;
    private Expression expression2 = null;

    public AndExpression(Expression expression1, Expression expression2) {
        this.expression1 = expression1;
        this.expression2 = expression2;
    }

    public boolean interpret(String str) {
        return expression1.interpret(str) && expression2.interpret(str);
    }
}
```

```java
public class OrExpression extends Expression {
    private Expression expression1 = null;
    private Expression expression2 = null;

    public OrExpression(Expression expression1, Expression expression2) {
        this.expression1 = expression1;
        this.expression2 = expression2;
    }

    public boolean interpret(String str) {
        return expression1.interpret(str) || expression2.interpret(str);
    }
}
```

```java
public class Client {

    /**
     * 构建解析树
     */
    public static Expression buildInterpreterTree() {
        // Literal
        Expression terminal1 = new TerminalExpression("A");
        Expression terminal2 = new TerminalExpression("B");
        Expression terminal3 = new TerminalExpression("C");
        Expression terminal4 = new TerminalExpression("D");
        // B C
        Expression alternation1 = new OrExpression(terminal2, terminal3);
        // A Or (B C)
        Expression alternation2 = new OrExpression(terminal1, alternation1);
        // D And (A Or (B C))
        return new AndExpression(terminal4, alternation2);
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Expression define = buildInterpreterTree();
        String context1 = "D A";
        String context2 = "A B";
        System.out.println(define.interpret(context1));
        System.out.println(define.interpret(context2));
    }
}
```

```html
true
false
```

### JDK

- [java.util.Pattern](http://docs.oracle.com/javase/8/docs/api/java/util/regex/Pattern.html)
- [java.text.Normalizer](http://docs.oracle.com/javase/8/docs/api/java/text/Normalizer.html)
- All subclasses of [java.text.Format](http://docs.oracle.com/javase/8/docs/api/java/text/Format.html)
- [javax.el.ELResolver](http://docs.oracle.com/javaee/7/api/javax/el/ELResolver.html)






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