* change gas cost for contract creating txs
* invalidate signature with s value greater than secp256k1 N / 2
* OOG contract creation if not enough gas to store code
* new difficulty adjustment algorithm
* new DELEGATECALL op code

Conflicts:
	core/vm/environment.go
	crypto/crypto.go
	crypto/secp256k1/secp256.go
	eth/api.go

The runtime environment can be used for simple basic execution of
contract code without the requirement of setting up a full stack and
operates fully in memory.

Make sure that we're fetching the hash from the current chain and not
the canonical chain.

* multi-push segments
* static jumps segments

Moved the execution of instructions to the instruction it self. This
will allow for specialised instructions (e.g. segments) to be execution
in the same manner as regular instructions.

* Renamed ChainManager to BlockChain
* Checkpointing is no longer required and never really properly worked
when the state was corrupted.

* Moved `vm.Transfer` to `core` package and changed execution to call
`env.Transfer` instead of `core.Transfer` directly.
* core/vm: byte code VM moved to jump table instead of switch
* Moved `vm.Transfer` to `core` package and changed execution to call
  `env.Transfer` instead of `core.Transfer` directly.
* Byte code VM now shares the same code as the JITVM
* Renamed Context to Contract
* Changed initialiser of state transition & unexported methods
* Removed the Execution object and refactor `Call`, `CallCode` &
  `Create` in to their own functions instead of being methods.
* Removed the hard dep on the state for the VM. The VM now
  depends on a Database interface returned by the environment. In the
  process the core now depends less on the statedb by usage of the env
* Moved `Log` from package `core/state` to package `core/vm`.

opNumber did not create a new big int which could lead to the block's
number being modified.

Reduced big int allocation by making stack items modifiable. Instead of
adding items such as `common.Big0` to the stack, `new(big.Int)` is
added instead. One must expect that any item that is added to the stack
might change.

Reduced the amount of state copied that are required by N calls by doing
a balance check prior to any state modifications.

* changed stack and removed stack ptr. Let go decide on slice reuse.

I forgot to update one instance of "go-ethereum" in commit 3f047be5.

All code outside of cmd/ is licensed as LGPL. The headers
now reflect this by calling the whole work "the go-ethereum library".

Removed VM errors from the consensus errors. They now used for output
only.

Removed full tx validation during state transitions