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        <center><font color="#4094C7" size="4">Python3 自学笔记第二章【列表】</font></center>

<hr>
<h1 id="2-1列表是什么"><a href="#2-1列表是什么" class="headerlink" title=" - 2.1列表是什么 "></a><font color="#FF0000"> - 2.1列表是什么 </font></h1><p> 列表由一系列按特定顺序的元素组成，在 Python 中用方括号（ [ ] ）来表示列表，并用逗号来分隔其中的元素，例：</p>
<figure class="highlight python"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">list1 = [<span class="string">'a'</span>,<span class="string">'b'</span>,<span class="string">'c'</span>,<span class="string">'d'</span>,<span class="string">'e'</span>,<span class="string">'f'</span>]</span><br><span class="line">list2 = [<span class="string">'abc'</span>, <span class="string">'xyz'</span>, <span class="number">2018</span>, <span class="number">2020</span>]</span><br><span class="line">list3 = [<span class="number">1</span>, <span class="number">2</span>, <span class="number">3</span>, <span class="number">4</span>, <span class="number">5</span> ,<span class="number">6</span>]</span><br><span class="line">list4 = [<span class="string">"a"</span>, <span class="string">"b"</span>, <span class="string">"c"</span>, <span class="string">"d"</span>]</span><br><span class="line">print(list1, list2, list3 ,list4)</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p> 输出结果如下：</p>
<figure class="highlight python"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">[<span class="string">'a'</span>, <span class="string">'b'</span>, <span class="string">'c'</span>, <span class="string">'d'</span>, <span class="string">'e'</span>, <span class="string">'f'</span>] [<span class="string">'abc'</span>, <span class="string">'xyz'</span>, <span class="number">2018</span>, <span class="number">2020</span>] [<span class="number">1</span>, <span class="number">2</span>, <span class="number">3</span>, <span class="number">4</span>, <span class="number">5</span>, <span class="number">6</span>] [<span class="string">'a'</span>, <span class="string">'b'</span>, <span class="string">'c'</span>, <span class="string">'d'</span>]</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h1 id="2-1-1访问列表元素"><a href="#2-1-1访问列表元素" class="headerlink" title=" - 2.1.1访问列表元素 "></a><font color="#FF0000"> - 2.1.1访问列表元素 </font></h1><p> 列表是有序集合，因此要访问列表的元素，只需要将该元素的位置或索引告诉Python即可，<font color="#FF0000">注意：在Python中的第一个列表元素的索引为0，而不是1</font></p>
<figure class="highlight python"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">list = [<span class="string">'a'</span>,<span class="string">'b'</span>,<span class="string">'c'</span>,<span class="string">'d'</span>,<span class="string">'e'</span>,<span class="string">'f'</span>]</span><br><span class="line">print(list[<span class="number">0</span>])</span><br><span class="line">print(list[<span class="number">3</span>])</span><br><span class="line">print(list[<span class="number">-1</span>])   <span class="comment">#Python为访问最后一个列表元素提供了一种特殊语法，通过将索引指定为-1，可以让Python返回最后一个列表元素</span></span><br><span class="line">print(list[<span class="number">-3</span>])</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>输出结果如下：</p>
<figure class="highlight python"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">a</span><br><span class="line">d</span><br><span class="line">f</span><br><span class="line">d</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h1 id="2-1-2列表切片"><a href="#2-1-2列表切片" class="headerlink" title=" - 2.1.2列表切片 "></a><font color="#FF0000"> - 2.1.2列表切片 </font></h1><figure class="highlight python"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">list = [<span class="string">'a'</span>,<span class="string">'b'</span>,<span class="string">'c'</span>,<span class="string">'d'</span>,<span class="string">'e'</span>,<span class="string">'f'</span>]</span><br><span class="line">print(list[:])     <span class="comment">#省略全部，代表截取全部内容，可以用来将一个列表拷给另一个列表</span></span><br><span class="line">print(list[:<span class="number">3</span>])     <span class="comment">#省略起始位置的索引，默认起始位置从头开始，结束位置索引为2</span></span><br><span class="line">print(list[<span class="number">3</span>:])     <span class="comment">#省略结束位置的索引，默认结束位置为最后一个，开始位置索引为3</span></span><br><span class="line">print(list[<span class="number">1</span>:<span class="number">4</span>])    <span class="comment">#开始位置索引为1，结束位置索引为3，顾头不顾尾</span></span><br><span class="line">print(list[<span class="number">4</span>:<span class="number">1</span>])    <span class="comment">#从左到右索引，因此为空值</span></span><br><span class="line">print(list[<span class="number">-1</span>:<span class="number">-3</span>])   <span class="comment">#从左到右索引，因此为空值</span></span><br><span class="line">print(list[<span class="number">-3</span>:<span class="number">-1</span>])   <span class="comment">#开始位置索引为倒数第三个，结束位置索引为倒数第二个</span></span><br><span class="line">print(list[<span class="number">1</span>:<span class="number">5</span>:<span class="number">2</span>])   <span class="comment">#开始位置索引为1，结束位置索引为4，间隔2</span></span><br><span class="line">print(list[<span class="number">5</span>:<span class="number">1</span>:<span class="number">-1</span>])   <span class="comment">#反向取值，开始位置索引为5，结束位置索引为2</span></span><br><span class="line">print(list[::<span class="number">-1</span>])    <span class="comment">#反向取值，反向输出列表</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>输出结果如下：</p>
<figure class="highlight python"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">[<span class="string">'a'</span>, <span class="string">'b'</span>, <span class="string">'c'</span>, <span class="string">'d'</span>, <span class="string">'e'</span>, <span class="string">'f'</span>]</span><br><span class="line">[<span class="string">'a'</span>, <span class="string">'b'</span>, <span class="string">'c'</span>]</span><br><span class="line">[<span class="string">'d'</span>, <span class="string">'e'</span>, <span class="string">'f'</span>]</span><br><span class="line">[<span class="string">'b'</span>, <span class="string">'c'</span>, <span class="string">'d'</span>]</span><br><span class="line">[]</span><br><span class="line">[]</span><br><span class="line">[<span class="string">'d'</span>, <span class="string">'e'</span>]</span><br><span class="line">[<span class="string">'b'</span>, <span class="string">'d'</span>]</span><br><span class="line">[<span class="string">'f'</span>, <span class="string">'e'</span>, <span class="string">'d'</span>, <span class="string">'c'</span>]</span><br><span class="line">[<span class="string">'f'</span>, <span class="string">'e'</span>, <span class="string">'d'</span>, <span class="string">'c'</span>, <span class="string">'b'</span>, <span class="string">'a'</span>]</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h1 id="2-1-3使用列表中的各个值"><a href="#2-1-3使用列表中的各个值" class="headerlink" title=" - 2.1.3使用列表中的各个值 "></a><font color="#FF0000"> - 2.1.3使用列表中的各个值 </font></h1><p> 可像使用其他变量一样使用列表中的各个值，例如，我们可以使用拼接根据列表中的值来创建消息：</p>
<figure class="highlight python"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">list = [<span class="string">'python'</span>, <span class="string">'c'</span>, <span class="string">'c++'</span>, <span class="string">'java'</span>, <span class="string">'php'</span>]</span><br><span class="line">message = <span class="string">"My favorite language is "</span> + list[<span class="number">0</span>].title() + <span class="string">"!"</span></span><br><span class="line">print(message)</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>输出结果如下：</p>
<figure class="highlight python"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">My favorite language <span class="keyword">is</span> Python!</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h1 id="2-1-4修改元素"><a href="#2-1-4修改元素" class="headerlink" title=" - 2.1.4修改元素 "></a><font color="#FF0000"> - 2.1.4修改元素 </font></h1><p> 修改列表元素的语法与访问列表元素的语法类似，要修改列表元素，可指定列表名和要修改的元素的索引，再次指定该元素的新值：</p>
<figure class="highlight python"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">names = [<span class="string">'zhangsan'</span>, <span class="string">'lishi'</span>, <span class="string">'wanger'</span>, <span class="string">'liming'</span>, <span class="string">'xiaowang'</span>]</span><br><span class="line">print(names)</span><br><span class="line">names[<span class="number">1</span>] = <span class="string">'lifang'</span></span><br><span class="line">print(names)</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>输出结果如下：</p>
<figure class="highlight python"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">[<span class="string">'zhangsan'</span>, <span class="string">'lishi'</span>, <span class="string">'wanger'</span>, <span class="string">'liming'</span>, <span class="string">'xiaowang'</span>]</span><br><span class="line">[<span class="string">'zhangsan'</span>, <span class="string">'lifang'</span>, <span class="string">'wanger'</span>, <span class="string">'liming'</span>, <span class="string">'xiaowang'</span>]</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h1 id="2-1-5添加元素"><a href="#2-1-5添加元素" class="headerlink" title=" - 2.1.5添加元素 "></a><font color="#FF0000"> - 2.1.5添加元素 </font></h1> <font color="#FF0000"> - 使用方法 append() 在列表末尾添加元素 </font><br><figure class="highlight python"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">list = [<span class="string">'a'</span>, <span class="string">'b'</span>, <span class="string">'c'</span>, <span class="string">'d'</span>, <span class="string">'e'</span>, <span class="string">'f'</span>]</span><br><span class="line">print(list)</span><br><span class="line">list.append(<span class="string">'g'</span>)</span><br><span class="line">print(list)</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><br><br>输出结果如下：<br><br><figure class="highlight python"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">[<span class="string">'a'</span>, <span class="string">'b'</span>, <span class="string">'c'</span>, <span class="string">'d'</span>, <span class="string">'e'</span>, <span class="string">'f'</span>]</span><br><span class="line">[<span class="string">'a'</span>, <span class="string">'b'</span>, <span class="string">'c'</span>, <span class="string">'d'</span>, <span class="string">'e'</span>, <span class="string">'f'</span>, <span class="string">'g'</span>]</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><br><br> <font color="#FF0000"> - 使用方法 insert() 在列表指定位置添加元素 </font>

 <figure class="highlight python"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">list = [<span class="string">'a'</span>, <span class="string">'b'</span>, <span class="string">'c'</span>, <span class="string">'d'</span>, <span class="string">'e'</span>, <span class="string">'f'</span>]</span><br><span class="line">print(list)</span><br><span class="line">list.insert(<span class="number">2</span>,<span class="string">"h"</span>)    <span class="comment">#其中括号里的数字表示要插入的位置，此后面的元素将右移一个位置</span></span><br><span class="line">print(list)</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>输出结果如下：</p>
<figure class="highlight python"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">[<span class="string">'a'</span>, <span class="string">'b'</span>, <span class="string">'c'</span>, <span class="string">'d'</span>, <span class="string">'e'</span>, <span class="string">'f'</span>]</span><br><span class="line">[<span class="string">'a'</span>, <span class="string">'b'</span>, <span class="string">'h'</span>, <span class="string">'c'</span>, <span class="string">'d'</span>, <span class="string">'e'</span>, <span class="string">'f'</span>, <span class="string">'g'</span>]</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h1 id="2-1-6删除元素"><a href="#2-1-6删除元素" class="headerlink" title=" - 2.1.6删除元素 "></a><font color="#FF0000"> - 2.1.6删除元素 </font></h1><font color="#FF0000"> - 使用 del 语句删除元素 </font>

<figure class="highlight python"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">list = [<span class="string">'a'</span>, <span class="string">'b'</span>, <span class="string">'c'</span>, <span class="string">'d'</span>, <span class="string">'e'</span>, <span class="string">'f'</span>]</span><br><span class="line">print(list)</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">del</span> list[<span class="number">3</span>]</span><br><span class="line">print(list)</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>输出结果如下：</p>
<figure class="highlight python"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">list = [<span class="string">'a'</span>, <span class="string">'b'</span>, <span class="string">'c'</span>, <span class="string">'d'</span>, <span class="string">'e'</span>, <span class="string">'f'</span>]</span><br><span class="line">list = [<span class="string">'a'</span>, <span class="string">'b'</span>, <span class="string">'c'</span>, <span class="string">'e'</span>, <span class="string">'f'</span>]</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<font color="#FF0000"> - 使用方法 pop() 删除最后一个元素</font><br>方法 pop() 可以删除列表末尾的元素，并让你能够接着使用它。术语<font color="#FF0000">弹出（pop）</font>源自这样的类比：列表就像是一个栈，而删除列表末尾的元素就相当于弹出栈顶元素：<br><br><figure class="highlight python"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">list = [<span class="string">'a'</span>, <span class="string">'b'</span>, <span class="string">'c'</span>, <span class="string">'d'</span>, <span class="string">'e'</span>, <span class="string">'f'</span>]</span><br><span class="line">print(list)</span><br><span class="line">new_list = list.pop()</span><br><span class="line">print(list)</span><br><span class="line">print(new_list)</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><br><br>输出结果如下：<br><br><figure class="highlight python"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">[<span class="string">'a'</span>, <span class="string">'b'</span>, <span class="string">'c'</span>, <span class="string">'d'</span>, <span class="string">'e'</span>, <span class="string">'f'</span>]</span><br><span class="line">[<span class="string">'a'</span>, <span class="string">'b'</span>, <span class="string">'c'</span>, <span class="string">'d'</span>, <span class="string">'e'</span>]</span><br><span class="line">f</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><br><br><font color="#FF0000"> - 使用方法 pop() 删除任意位置元素</font><br>可以使用 pop() 来删除列表中任何位置的元素，只需要在括号中指定要删除的元素的索引即可：<br><br><figure class="highlight python"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">list = [<span class="string">'a'</span>, <span class="string">'b'</span>, <span class="string">'c'</span>, <span class="string">'d'</span>, <span class="string">'e'</span>, <span class="string">'f'</span>]</span><br><span class="line">print(list)</span><br><span class="line">new_list = list.pop(<span class="number">1</span>)</span><br><span class="line">print(list)</span><br><span class="line">print(new_list)</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><br><br>输出结果如下：<br><br><figure class="highlight python"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">[<span class="string">'a'</span>, <span class="string">'b'</span>, <span class="string">'c'</span>, <span class="string">'d'</span>, <span class="string">'e'</span>, <span class="string">'f'</span>]</span><br><span class="line">[<span class="string">'a'</span>, <span class="string">'c'</span>, <span class="string">'d'</span>, <span class="string">'e'</span>, <span class="string">'f'</span>]</span><br><span class="line">b</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><br><br><font color="#FF0000"> - 使用方法 remove() 删除未知位置元素</font><br>当我们不知道元素的位置，只知道元素的值的时候，就可以使用方法 remove()<br><br><figure class="highlight python"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">list = [<span class="string">'a'</span>, <span class="string">'b'</span>, <span class="string">'c'</span>, <span class="string">'d'</span>, <span class="string">'e'</span>, <span class="string">'f'</span>]</span><br><span class="line">print(list)</span><br><span class="line">list.remove(<span class="string">'d'</span>)</span><br><span class="line">print(list)</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><br><br>输出结果如下：<br><br><figure class="highlight python"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">[<span class="string">'a'</span>, <span class="string">'b'</span>, <span class="string">'c'</span>, <span class="string">'d'</span>, <span class="string">'e'</span>, <span class="string">'f'</span>]</span><br><span class="line">[<span class="string">'a'</span>, <span class="string">'b'</span>, <span class="string">'c'</span>, <span class="string">'e'</span>, <span class="string">'f'</span>]</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><br><br> # <font color="#FF0000"> - 2.1.7使用方法 index() 查找指定元素位置 </font>

<figure class="highlight python"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">list = [<span class="string">"a"</span>, <span class="string">"b"</span>, <span class="string">"c"</span>, <span class="string">"d"</span>, <span class="string">"e"</span>, <span class="string">"a"</span>]</span><br><span class="line">print(list.index(<span class="string">'c'</span>))</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>输出结果如下：</p>
<figure class="highlight python"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="number">2</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h1 id="2-1-8使用方法-count-统计指定元素数量"><a href="#2-1-8使用方法-count-统计指定元素数量" class="headerlink" title=" - 2.1.8使用方法 count() 统计指定元素数量 "></a><font color="#FF0000"> - 2.1.8使用方法 count() 统计指定元素数量 </font></h1><figure class="highlight python"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">list = [<span class="string">"a"</span>, <span class="string">"b"</span>, <span class="string">"c"</span>, <span class="string">"d"</span>, <span class="string">"e"</span>, <span class="string">"a"</span>]</span><br><span class="line">print(list.count(<span class="string">'a'</span>))</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>输出结果如下：</p>
<figure class="highlight python"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="number">2</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h1 id="2-1-9清空列表"><a href="#2-1-9清空列表" class="headerlink" title=" - 2.1.9清空列表 "></a><font color="#FF0000"> - 2.1.9清空列表 </font></h1><figure class="highlight python"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">list = [<span class="string">"a"</span>, <span class="string">"b"</span>, <span class="string">"c"</span>, <span class="string">"d"</span>, <span class="string">"e"</span>, <span class="string">"a"</span>]</span><br><span class="line">list.clear()</span><br><span class="line">print(list)</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>输出结果如下：</p>
<figure class="highlight python"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">[]</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h1 id="2-2组织列表"><a href="#2-2组织列表" class="headerlink" title=" - 2.2组织列表 "></a><font color="#FF0000"> - 2.2组织列表 </font></h1><p>在创建的列表中，元素的排列顺序常常是无法预测的，因为我们并非总能控制用户提供数据的顺序。有时候，我们希望保留列表元素最初的排列顺序，而有时候又需要调整排列顺序。Python提供了很多组织列表的方式，可根据具体情况选用</p>
<h1 id="2-2-1使用方法-sort-对列表进行永久排序"><a href="#2-2-1使用方法-sort-对列表进行永久排序" class="headerlink" title=" - 2.2.1使用方法 sort() 对列表进行永久排序 "></a><font color="#FF0000"> - 2.2.1使用方法 sort() 对列表进行永久排序 </font></h1><p>使用方法 sort() 可以对列表按照特殊符号，数字，大写字母，小写字母顺序进行永久排序：</p>
<figure class="highlight python"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">cars = [<span class="string">'bmw'</span>, <span class="string">'audi'</span>, <span class="string">'toyota'</span>, <span class="string">'subaru'</span>]</span><br><span class="line">cars.sort()</span><br><span class="line">print(cars)</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>输出结果如下：</p>
<figure class="highlight python"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">[<span class="string">'audi'</span>, <span class="string">'bmw'</span>, <span class="string">'subaru'</span>, <span class="string">'toyota'</span>]</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>还可以按与字母顺序相反的顺序排列列表元素，只需要向 sort() 方法传递参数 reverse = True 就可以了：</p>
<figure class="highlight python"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">cars = [<span class="string">'bmw'</span>, <span class="string">'audi'</span>, <span class="string">'toyota'</span>, <span class="string">'subaru'</span>]</span><br><span class="line">cars.sort(reverse = <span class="keyword">True</span>)</span><br><span class="line">print(cars)</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>输出结果如下：</p>
<figure class="highlight python"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">[<span class="string">'toyota'</span>, <span class="string">'subaru'</span>, <span class="string">'bmw'</span>, <span class="string">'audi'</span>]</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h1 id="2-2-2使用函数-sorted-对列表进行临时排序"><a href="#2-2-2使用函数-sorted-对列表进行临时排序" class="headerlink" title=" - 2.2.2使用函数 sorted() 对列表进行临时排序 "></a><font color="#FF0000"> - 2.2.2使用函数 sorted() 对列表进行临时排序 </font></h1><p>要保留列表元素原来的排列顺序，同时以特定的顺序呈现它们，可使用函数sorted()。函数sorted()让你能够按特定顺序显示列表元素，同时不影响它们在列表中的原始排列顺序：</p>
<figure class="highlight python"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">cars = [<span class="string">'bmw'</span>, <span class="string">'audi'</span>, <span class="string">'toyota'</span>, <span class="string">'subaru'</span>]</span><br><span class="line">print(<span class="string">"Here is the original list:"</span>)</span><br><span class="line">print(cars)</span><br><span class="line">print(<span class="string">"\nHere is the sorted list:"</span>)</span><br><span class="line">print(sorted(cars))</span><br><span class="line">print(<span class="string">"\nHere is the sorted reverse list:"</span>)</span><br><span class="line">print(sorted(cars, reverse=<span class="keyword">True</span>))</span><br><span class="line">print(<span class="string">"\nHere is the original list again:"</span>)</span><br><span class="line">print(cars)</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>输出结果如下：</p>
<figure class="highlight python"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">Here <span class="keyword">is</span> the original list:</span><br><span class="line">[<span class="string">'bmw'</span>, <span class="string">'audi'</span>, <span class="string">'toyota'</span>, <span class="string">'subaru'</span>]</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">Here <span class="keyword">is</span> the sorted list:</span><br><span class="line">[<span class="string">'audi'</span>, <span class="string">'bmw'</span>, <span class="string">'subaru'</span>, <span class="string">'toyota'</span>]</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">Here <span class="keyword">is</span> the sorted reverse list:</span><br><span class="line">[<span class="string">'toyota'</span>, <span class="string">'subaru'</span>, <span class="string">'bmw'</span>, <span class="string">'audi'</span>]</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">Here <span class="keyword">is</span> the original list again:</span><br><span class="line">[<span class="string">'bmw'</span>, <span class="string">'audi'</span>, <span class="string">'toyota'</span>, <span class="string">'subaru'</span>]</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h1 id="2-2-3使用方法-reverse-对列表进行反向排序"><a href="#2-2-3使用方法-reverse-对列表进行反向排序" class="headerlink" title=" - 2.2.3使用方法 reverse() 对列表进行反向排序 "></a><font color="#FF0000"> - 2.2.3使用方法 reverse() 对列表进行反向排序 </font></h1><p>要反转列表元素的排列顺序，可使用方法 reverse() </p>
<figure class="highlight python"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">cars = [<span class="string">'bmw'</span>, <span class="string">'audi'</span>, <span class="string">'toyota'</span>, <span class="string">'subaru'</span>]</span><br><span class="line">cars.reverse()</span><br><span class="line">print(cars)</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>输出结果如下：</p>
<figure class="highlight python"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">[<span class="string">'subaru'</span>, <span class="string">'toyota'</span>, <span class="string">'audi'</span>, <span class="string">'bmw'</span>]</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h1 id="2-2-4确定列表的长度"><a href="#2-2-4确定列表的长度" class="headerlink" title=" - 2.2.4确定列表的长度 "></a><font color="#FF0000"> - 2.2.4确定列表的长度 </font></h1><p>使用函数 len() 可以快速获悉列表的长度：</p>
<figure class="highlight python"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">&gt;&gt;&gt;cars = [<span class="string">'bmw'</span>, <span class="string">'audi'</span>, <span class="string">'toyota'</span>, <span class="string">'subaru'</span>]</span><br><span class="line">&gt;&gt;&gt;len(cars)</span><br><span class="line"><span class="number">4</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h1 id="2-2-5合并列表"><a href="#2-2-5合并列表" class="headerlink" title=" - 2.2.5合并列表 "></a><font color="#FF0000"> - 2.2.5合并列表 </font></h1><font color="#FF0000"> - 使用方法 extend() 合并列表</font>

<figure class="highlight python"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">list1 = [<span class="number">1</span>, <span class="number">2</span>, <span class="number">3</span>, <span class="number">4</span>]</span><br><span class="line">list2 = [<span class="string">'a'</span>, <span class="string">'b'</span>, <span class="string">'c'</span>, <span class="string">'d'</span>]</span><br><span class="line">list1.extend(list2)    <span class="comment">#将列表list2添加到list1当中去</span></span><br><span class="line">print(list1)</span><br><span class="line">print(list2)</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>输出结果如下：</p>
<figure class="highlight python"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">[<span class="number">1</span>, <span class="number">2</span>, <span class="number">3</span>, <span class="number">4</span>, <span class="string">'a'</span>, <span class="string">'b'</span>, <span class="string">'c'</span>, <span class="string">'d'</span>]</span><br><span class="line">[<span class="string">'a'</span>, <span class="string">'b'</span>, <span class="string">'c'</span>, <span class="string">'d'</span>]</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<font color="#FF0000"> - 使用 “+” 号合并列表</font>

<figure class="highlight python"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">list1 = [<span class="number">1</span>, <span class="number">2</span>, <span class="number">3</span>, <span class="number">4</span>]</span><br><span class="line">list2 = [<span class="string">'a'</span>, <span class="string">'b'</span>, <span class="string">'c'</span>, <span class="string">'d'</span>]</span><br><span class="line">print(list1 + list2)</span><br><span class="line">print(list2 + list1)</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>输出结果如下：</p>
<figure class="highlight python"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">[<span class="number">1</span>, <span class="number">2</span>, <span class="number">3</span>, <span class="number">4</span>, <span class="string">'a'</span>, <span class="string">'b'</span>, <span class="string">'c'</span>, <span class="string">'d'</span>]</span><br><span class="line">[<span class="string">'a'</span>, <span class="string">'b'</span>, <span class="string">'c'</span>, <span class="string">'d'</span>, <span class="number">1</span>, <span class="number">2</span>, <span class="number">3</span>, <span class="number">4</span>]</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<font color="#FF0000"> - 使用切片合并列表</font>

<figure class="highlight python"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">list1 = [<span class="number">1</span>, <span class="number">2</span>, <span class="number">3</span>, <span class="number">4</span>]</span><br><span class="line">list2 = [<span class="string">'a'</span>, <span class="string">'b'</span>, <span class="string">'c'</span>, <span class="string">'d'</span>]</span><br><span class="line">list1[len(list1) : len(list1)] = list2   <span class="comment">#len(list1)代表要将list2插入list1中的位置</span></span><br><span class="line">print(list1)</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">list1 = [<span class="number">1</span>, <span class="number">2</span>, <span class="number">3</span>, <span class="number">4</span>]</span><br><span class="line">list2 = [<span class="string">'a'</span>, <span class="string">'b'</span>, <span class="string">'c'</span>, <span class="string">'d'</span>]</span><br><span class="line">list1[<span class="number">0</span> :<span class="number">0</span>] = list2</span><br><span class="line">print(list1)</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">list1 = [<span class="number">1</span>, <span class="number">2</span>, <span class="number">3</span>, <span class="number">4</span>]</span><br><span class="line">list2 = [<span class="string">'a'</span>, <span class="string">'b'</span>, <span class="string">'c'</span>, <span class="string">'d'</span>]</span><br><span class="line">list1[<span class="number">1</span>:<span class="number">1</span>] = list2</span><br><span class="line">print(list1)</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>输出结果如下：</p>
<figure class="highlight python"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">[<span class="number">1</span>, <span class="number">2</span>, <span class="number">3</span>, <span class="number">4</span>, <span class="string">'a'</span>, <span class="string">'b'</span>, <span class="string">'c'</span>, <span class="string">'d'</span>]</span><br><span class="line">[<span class="string">'a'</span>, <span class="string">'b'</span>, <span class="string">'c'</span>, <span class="string">'d'</span>, <span class="number">1</span>, <span class="number">2</span>, <span class="number">3</span>, <span class="number">4</span>]</span><br><span class="line">[<span class="number">1</span>, <span class="string">'a'</span>, <span class="string">'b'</span>, <span class="string">'c'</span>, <span class="string">'d'</span>, <span class="number">2</span>, <span class="number">3</span>, <span class="number">4</span>]</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
      
      
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        <p><span>发布时间:</span>2018年09月15日 - 01时41分</p>
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    <ol class="toc"><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#2-1列表是什么"><span class="toc-number">1.</span> <span class="toc-text"> - 2.1列表是什么 </span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#2-1-1访问列表元素"><span class="toc-number">2.</span> <span class="toc-text"> - 2.1.1访问列表元素 </span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#2-1-2列表切片"><span class="toc-number">3.</span> <span class="toc-text"> - 2.1.2列表切片 </span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#2-1-3使用列表中的各个值"><span class="toc-number">4.</span> <span class="toc-text"> - 2.1.3使用列表中的各个值 </span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#2-1-4修改元素"><span class="toc-number">5.</span> <span class="toc-text"> - 2.1.4修改元素 </span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#2-1-5添加元素"><span class="toc-number">6.</span> <span class="toc-text"> - 2.1.5添加元素 </span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#2-1-6删除元素"><span class="toc-number">7.</span> <span class="toc-text"> - 2.1.6删除元素 </span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#2-1-8使用方法-count-统计指定元素数量"><span class="toc-number">8.</span> <span class="toc-text"> - 2.1.8使用方法 count() 统计指定元素数量 </span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#2-1-9清空列表"><span class="toc-number">9.</span> <span class="toc-text"> - 2.1.9清空列表 </span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#2-2组织列表"><span class="toc-number">10.</span> <span class="toc-text"> - 2.2组织列表 </span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#2-2-1使用方法-sort-对列表进行永久排序"><span class="toc-number">11.</span> <span class="toc-text"> - 2.2.1使用方法 sort() 对列表进行永久排序 </span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#2-2-2使用函数-sorted-对列表进行临时排序"><span class="toc-number">12.</span> <span class="toc-text"> - 2.2.2使用函数 sorted() 对列表进行临时排序 </span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#2-2-3使用方法-reverse-对列表进行反向排序"><span class="toc-number">13.</span> <span class="toc-text"> - 2.2.3使用方法 reverse() 对列表进行反向排序 </span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#2-2-4确定列表的长度"><span class="toc-number">14.</span> <span class="toc-text"> - 2.2.4确定列表的长度 </span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#2-2-5合并列表"><span class="toc-number">15.</span> <span class="toc-text"> - 2.2.5合并列表 </span></a></li></ol>
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