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        Python3 基础学习笔记 C03
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  <div class="new-meta-item meta-tags"><a class="tag" href="/tags/操作列表/" rel="nofollow"><i class="fas fa-tags" aria-hidden="true"></i>&nbsp;<p>操作列表</p></a></div>


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          <blockquote>
<center><font color="#1BC3FB" size="4">Python3 基础学习笔记第三章 —— 【操作列表】</font></center>
</blockquote>
<a id="more"></a>
<hr>
<h1 id="3-1遍历整个列表"><a href="#3-1遍历整个列表" class="headerlink" title=" - 3.1遍历整个列表 "></a><font color="#FF0000"> - 3.1遍历整个列表 </font></h1><p> 使用 for 循环来遍历整个列表：</p>
<figure class="highlight python"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">names = [<span class="string">'alice'</span> , <span class="string">'david'</span> , <span class="string">'liwei'</span>]</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">for</span> name <span class="keyword">in</span> names:</span><br><span class="line">print(name)</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p> 输出结果如下：</p>
<figure class="highlight python"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">alice</span><br><span class="line">david</span><br><span class="line">liwei</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>for循环让Python从列表names中取出一个名字，并将其储存在变量name中，最后  让Python打印前面储存到变量name中的名字，对于列表中的每个名字，Python都将 重复执行后两行代码，将列表names中的每个名字都打印出来</p>
<h1 id="3-1-1在for循环中执行更多的操作"><a href="#3-1-1在for循环中执行更多的操作" class="headerlink" title="- 3.1.1在for循环中执行更多的操作 "></a><font color="#FF0000">- 3.1.1在for循环中执行更多的操作 </font></h1><p>在for循环中，可对每个元素执行任何操作，下面对前面的示例进行扩展：</p>
<p>例一：<br><figure class="highlight python"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">names = [<span class="string">'alice'</span> , <span class="string">'david'</span> , <span class="string">'liwei'</span>]</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">for</span> name <span class="keyword">in</span> names:</span><br><span class="line">	print(name.title() + <span class="string">", that was a good man!"</span>)</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p>
<p>输出结果如下：</p>
<figure class="highlight python"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">Alice, that was a good man!</span><br><span class="line">David, that was a good man!</span><br><span class="line">Liwei, that was a good man!</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>例二：</p>
<figure class="highlight python"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">names = [<span class="string">'alice'</span> , <span class="string">'david'</span> , <span class="string">'liwei'</span>]</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">for</span> name <span class="keyword">in</span> names:</span><br><span class="line">	print(name.title() + <span class="string">", that was a good man!"</span>)</span><br><span class="line">	print(<span class="string">"I can't wait to see you again,"</span> + name.title() + <span class="string">".\n"</span>)</span><br><span class="line">print(<span class="string">"Nice to meet you!"</span>)</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>输出结果如下：</p>
<figure class="highlight python"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">Alice, that was a good man!</span><br><span class="line">I can<span class="string">'t wait to see you again,Alice.</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string"></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">David, that was a good man!</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">I can'</span>t wait to see you again,David.</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">Liwei, that was a good man!</span><br><span class="line">I can<span class="string">'t wait to see you again,Liwei.</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string"></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">Nice to meet you!</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h1 id="3-2-range-函数"><a href="#3-2-range-函数" class="headerlink" title="- 3.2 range()函数 "></a><font color="#FF0000">- 3.2 range()函数 </font></h1><blockquote>
<p>Python使用range()函数能够轻松地生成一系列的数字</p>
</blockquote>
<blockquote>
<p>Python3 range() 函数返回的是一个可迭代对象（类型是对象），而不是列表类型， 所以打印的时候不会打印列表；</p>
</blockquote>
<blockquote>
<p>Python3 list() 函数是对象迭代器，可以把range()返回的可迭代对象转为一个列表，返回的变量类型为列表；</p>
</blockquote>
<blockquote>
<p>Python2 range() 函数返回的是列表</p>
</blockquote>
<p>例一：<br><figure class="highlight python"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">for</span> i <span class="keyword">in</span> range(<span class="number">1</span>,<span class="number">5</span>):</span><br><span class="line">	print(i)</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p>
<p>输出结果如下：</p>
<figure class="highlight python"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="number">1</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="number">2</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="number">3</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="number">4</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>例二：<br><figure class="highlight python"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">for</span> i <span class="keyword">in</span> range(<span class="number">5</span>):</span><br><span class="line">	print(i)</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p>
<p>输出结果如下：<br><figure class="highlight python"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="number">0</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="number">1</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="number">2</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="number">3</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="number">4</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p>
<p>例三：<br><figure class="highlight python"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="meta">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span>list(range(<span class="number">5</span>))</span><br><span class="line">[<span class="number">0</span>, <span class="number">1</span>, <span class="number">2</span>, <span class="number">3</span>, <span class="number">4</span>]</span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span>list(range(<span class="number">0</span>))</span><br><span class="line">[]</span><br><span class="line">&gt;&gt;&gt;list(range(<span class="number">0</span>, <span class="number">30</span>, <span class="number">5</span>))</span><br><span class="line">[<span class="number">0</span>, <span class="number">5</span>, <span class="number">10</span>, <span class="number">15</span>, <span class="number">20</span>, <span class="number">25</span>]</span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span>list(range(<span class="number">0</span>, <span class="number">10</span>, <span class="number">2</span>))</span><br><span class="line">[<span class="number">0</span>, <span class="number">2</span>, <span class="number">4</span>, <span class="number">6</span>, <span class="number">8</span>]</span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span>list(range(<span class="number">0</span>, <span class="number">-10</span>, <span class="number">-1</span>))</span><br><span class="line">[<span class="number">0</span>, <span class="number">-1</span>, <span class="number">-2</span>, <span class="number">-3</span>, <span class="number">-4</span>, <span class="number">-5</span>, <span class="number">-6</span>, <span class="number">-7</span>, <span class="number">-8</span>, <span class="number">-9</span>]</span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span>list(range(<span class="number">1</span>, <span class="number">0</span>))</span><br><span class="line">[]</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p>
<p>例四：</p>
<figure class="highlight python"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">squares = []</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">for</span> value <span class="keyword">in</span> range(<span class="number">1</span>,<span class="number">11</span>):</span><br><span class="line">	square = value ** <span class="number">2</span></span><br><span class="line">	squares.append(square)</span><br><span class="line">print(squares)</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>输出结果如下：</p>
<figure class="highlight python"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">[<span class="number">1</span>, <span class="number">4</span>, <span class="number">9</span>, <span class="number">16</span>, <span class="number">25</span>, <span class="number">36</span>, <span class="number">49</span>, <span class="number">64</span>, <span class="number">81</span>, <span class="number">100</span>]</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h1 id="3-2-1-对数字列表执行简单的统计计算"><a href="#3-2-1-对数字列表执行简单的统计计算" class="headerlink" title="- 3.2.1 对数字列表执行简单的统计计算 "></a><font color="#FF0000">- 3.2.1 对数字列表执行简单的统计计算 </font></h1><figure class="highlight python"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="meta">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span>digits = [<span class="number">1</span>, <span class="number">2</span> , <span class="number">3</span> , <span class="number">4</span> , <span class="number">5</span> , <span class="number">6</span> , <span class="number">7</span> , <span class="number">8</span> , <span class="number">9</span> , <span class="number">0</span>]</span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span>min(digits)</span><br><span class="line"><span class="number">0</span></span><br><span class="line">&gt;&gt;&gt;max(digits)</span><br><span class="line"><span class="number">9</span></span><br><span class="line">&gt;&gt;&gt;sum(digits)</span><br><span class="line"><span class="number">45</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h1 id="3-2-2-列表解析"><a href="#3-2-2-列表解析" class="headerlink" title="- 3.2.2 列表解析 "></a><font color="#FF0000">- 3.2.2 列表解析 </font></h1><p> 列表解析能够让比如3.2中的例四更加简化，只需要一行代码就能生成这样的列表，列表解析将for循环和创建新元素的代码合并成一行，并自动附加新元素：</p>
<figure class="highlight python"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">squares = [value ** <span class="number">2</span> <span class="keyword">for</span> value <span class="keyword">in</span> range(<span class="number">1</span>,<span class="number">11</span>)]</span><br><span class="line">print(squares)</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>在这个示例中，for循环为for value in range(1,11)，它将值1~10提供给表达式value ** 2<br>输出结果如下：</p>
<figure class="highlight python"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">[<span class="number">1</span>, <span class="number">4</span>, <span class="number">9</span>, <span class="number">16</span>, <span class="number">25</span>, <span class="number">36</span>, <span class="number">49</span>, <span class="number">64</span>, <span class="number">81</span>, <span class="number">100</span>]</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h1 id="3-3-使用列表的一部分"><a href="#3-3-使用列表的一部分" class="headerlink" title="- 3.3 使用列表的一部分 "></a><font color="#FF0000">- 3.3 使用列表的一部分 </font></h1><p> 处理列表的部分元素——Python称之为切片</p>
<h1 id="3-3-1-切片"><a href="#3-3-1-切片" class="headerlink" title="- 3.3.1 切片 "></a><font color="#FF0000">- 3.3.1 切片 </font></h1><figure class="highlight python"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">list = [<span class="string">'a'</span>,<span class="string">'b'</span>,<span class="string">'c'</span>,<span class="string">'d'</span>,<span class="string">'e'</span>,<span class="string">'f'</span>]</span><br><span class="line">print(list[:])     <span class="comment">#省略全部，代表截取全部内容，可以用来将一个列表拷给另一个列表</span></span><br><span class="line">print(list[:<span class="number">3</span>])     <span class="comment">#省略起始位置的索引，默认起始位置从头开始，结束位置索引为2</span></span><br><span class="line">print(list[<span class="number">3</span>:])     <span class="comment">#省略结束位置的索引，默认结束位置为最后一个，开始位置索引为3</span></span><br><span class="line">print(list[<span class="number">1</span>:<span class="number">4</span>])    <span class="comment">#开始位置索引为1，结束位置索引为3，顾头不顾尾</span></span><br><span class="line">print(list[<span class="number">4</span>:<span class="number">1</span>])    <span class="comment">#从左到右索引，因此为空值</span></span><br><span class="line">print(list[<span class="number">-1</span>:<span class="number">-3</span>])   <span class="comment">#从左到右索引，因此为空值</span></span><br><span class="line">print(list[<span class="number">-3</span>:<span class="number">-1</span>])   <span class="comment">#开始位置索引为倒数第三个，结束位置索引为倒数第二个</span></span><br><span class="line">print(list[<span class="number">1</span>:<span class="number">5</span>:<span class="number">2</span>])   <span class="comment">#开始位置索引为1，结束位置索引为4，间隔2</span></span><br><span class="line">print(list[<span class="number">5</span>:<span class="number">1</span>:<span class="number">-1</span>])   <span class="comment">#反向取值，开始位置索引为5，结束位置索引为2</span></span><br><span class="line">print(list[::<span class="number">-1</span>])    <span class="comment">#反向取值，反向输出列表</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h1 id="3-3-2-遍历列表"><a href="#3-3-2-遍历列表" class="headerlink" title="- 3.3.2 遍历列表 "></a><font color="#FF0000">- 3.3.2 遍历列表 </font></h1><figure class="highlight python"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">players = [<span class="string">'charles'</span> , <span class="string">'martina'</span> , <span class="string">'michael'</span> , <span class="string">'florence'</span> , <span class="string">'eli'</span>]</span><br><span class="line">print(<span class="string">"Here are the first three players on my team:"</span>)</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">for</span> player <span class="keyword">in</span> players[:<span class="number">3</span>]:</span><br><span class="line">	print(player.title())</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>输出结果如下：</p>
<figure class="highlight python"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">Here are the first three players on my team:</span><br><span class="line">Charles</span><br><span class="line">Martina</span><br><span class="line">Michael</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h1 id="3-3-3-复制列表"><a href="#3-3-3-复制列表" class="headerlink" title="- 3.3.3 复制列表 "></a><font color="#FF0000">- 3.3.3 复制列表 </font></h1><p>要复制列表，可以创建一个包含整个列表的切片，方法是同时省略起始索引和终止索引<code>（[:]）</code>，这让Python创建一个始于第一个元素，终止于最后一个元素的切片，即复制整个列表：</p>
<figure class="highlight python"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">my_foods = [<span class="string">'pizza'</span> , <span class="string">'falafel'</span> , <span class="string">'carrot cake'</span>]</span><br><span class="line">friend_foods = my_foods[:]</span><br><span class="line">print(<span class="string">"My favorite foods are:"</span>)</span><br><span class="line">print(my_foods)</span><br><span class="line">print(<span class="string">"\nMy friend's favorite foods are:"</span>)</span><br><span class="line">print(friend_foods)</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>输出结果如下：</p>
<figure class="highlight python"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">My favorite foods are:</span><br><span class="line">[<span class="string">'pizza'</span>, <span class="string">'falafel'</span>, <span class="string">'carrot cake'</span>]</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">My friend<span class="string">'s favorite foods are:</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">['</span>pizza<span class="string">', '</span>falafel<span class="string">', '</span>carrot cake<span class="string">']</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>为核实我们的确有两个列表，下面在每个列表中都添加一种食品，并核实每个列表都记录了相应人员喜欢的食品：<br><figure class="highlight python"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">my_foods = [<span class="string">'pizza'</span> , <span class="string">'falafel'</span> , <span class="string">'carrot cake'</span>]</span><br><span class="line">friend_foods = my_foods[:]</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">my_foods.append(<span class="string">'cannoli'</span>)</span><br><span class="line">friend_foods.append(<span class="string">'ice cream'</span>)</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">print(<span class="string">"My favorite foods are:"</span>)</span><br><span class="line">print(my_foods)</span><br><span class="line">print(<span class="string">"\nMy friend's favorite foods are:"</span>)</span><br><span class="line">print(friend_foods)</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p>
<p>输出结果如下：</p>
<figure class="highlight python"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">My favorite foods are:</span><br><span class="line">[<span class="string">'pizza'</span>, <span class="string">'falafel'</span>, <span class="string">'carrot cake'</span>, <span class="string">'cannoli'</span>]</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">My friend<span class="string">'s favorite foods are:</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">['</span>pizza<span class="string">', '</span>falafel<span class="string">', '</span>carrot cake<span class="string">', '</span>ice cream<span class="string">']</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>输出结果表明，’cannoli’包含在我喜欢的食品列表中，而’ice cream’没有；’ice cream’包含在我朋友喜欢的食品中，而’cannoli’没有，假如我们只是简单的将my_foods赋给friend_foods，就不能得到两个列表。下面是错误示例：</p>
<figure class="highlight python"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">my_foods = [<span class="string">'pizza'</span> , <span class="string">'falafel'</span> , <span class="string">'carrot cake'</span>]</span><br><span class="line">friend_foods = my_foods    <span class="comment">#错误写法</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">my_foods.append(<span class="string">'cannoli'</span>)</span><br><span class="line">friend_foods.append(<span class="string">'ice cream'</span>)</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">print(<span class="string">"My favorite foods are:"</span>)</span><br><span class="line">print(my_foods)</span><br><span class="line">print(<span class="string">"\nMy friend's favorite foods are:"</span>)</span><br><span class="line">print(friend_foods)</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>错误示例输出结果如下：</p>
<figure class="highlight python"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">My favorite foods are:</span><br><span class="line">[<span class="string">'pizza'</span>, <span class="string">'falafel'</span>, <span class="string">'carrot cake'</span>, <span class="string">'cannoli'</span>, <span class="string">'ice cream'</span>]</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">My friend<span class="string">'s favorite foods are:</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="string">['</span>pizza<span class="string">', '</span>falafel<span class="string">', '</span>carrot cake<span class="string">', '</span>cannoli<span class="string">', '</span>ice cream<span class="string">']</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h1 id="3-4-元组"><a href="#3-4-元组" class="headerlink" title="- 3.4 元组 "></a><font color="#FF0000">- 3.4 元组 </font></h1><p> Python将不能修改的值称为不可变的，而不可变的列表被称为元组</p>
<h1 id="3-4-1-定义元组"><a href="#3-4-1-定义元组" class="headerlink" title="- 3.4.1 定义元组 "></a><font color="#FF0000">- 3.4.1 定义元组 </font></h1><p>  元组看起来就像是列表，但元组使用圆括号而不是方括号来标识，定义元组后，就可以使用索引来访问其元素，就像访问列表元素一样：</p>
<figure class="highlight python"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">dimensions = (<span class="number">200</span>,<span class="number">50</span>)</span><br><span class="line">print(dimensions[<span class="number">0</span>])</span><br><span class="line">print(dimensions[<span class="number">1</span>])</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>  输出结果如下：</p>
<figure class="highlight python"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="number">200</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="number">50</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>如果尝试修改元组中元素的值，将会导致Python返回类型错误消息，由于试图修改元组的操作是被禁止的，因此Python指出不能给元组的元素赋值：</p>
<figure class="highlight python"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">dimensions = (<span class="number">200</span>,<span class="number">50</span>)</span><br><span class="line">dimensions[<span class="number">0</span>] = <span class="number">300</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>  将会报错：</p>
<figure class="highlight python"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">Traceback (most recent call last):</span><br><span class="line">  File <span class="string">"dimensions.py"</span>, line <span class="number">2</span>, <span class="keyword">in</span> &lt;module&gt;</span><br><span class="line">    dimensions[<span class="number">0</span>] = <span class="number">300</span></span><br><span class="line">TypeError: <span class="string">'tuple'</span> object does <span class="keyword">not</span> support item assignment</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h1 id="3-4-2-遍历元组中所有的值"><a href="#3-4-2-遍历元组中所有的值" class="headerlink" title="- 3.4.2 遍历元组中所有的值 "></a><font color="#FF0000">- 3.4.2 遍历元组中所有的值 </font></h1><p>  像列表一样，元组也可以使用for循环来遍历元组中的所有值：</p>
<p>例一：<br><figure class="highlight python"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">dimensions = (<span class="number">200</span>,<span class="number">100</span>,<span class="number">50</span>,<span class="number">6</span>)</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">for</span> dimension <span class="keyword">in</span> dimensions:</span><br><span class="line">	print(dimension)</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p>
<p>输出结果如下：</p>
<figure class="highlight python"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="number">200</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="number">100</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="number">50</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="number">6</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>例二：</p>
<figure class="highlight python"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">dimensions = (<span class="number">200</span>,<span class="number">100</span>,<span class="number">50</span>,<span class="number">6</span>)</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">for</span> dimension <span class="keyword">in</span> dimensions[:<span class="number">3</span>]:</span><br><span class="line">	print(dimension)</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>输出结果如下：</p>
<figure class="highlight python"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="number">200</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="number">100</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="number">50</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h1 id="3-4-3-修改元组变量"><a href="#3-4-3-修改元组变量" class="headerlink" title="- 3.4.3 修改元组变量 "></a><font color="#FF0000">- 3.4.3 修改元组变量 </font></h1><p>  虽然不能修改元组元素，但是可以给储存元组的变量赋值：</p>
<figure class="highlight python"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">dimensions = (<span class="number">200</span>,<span class="number">50</span>)</span><br><span class="line">print(<span class="string">"Original dimensions:"</span>)</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">for</span> dimension <span class="keyword">in</span> dimensions:</span><br><span class="line">	print(dimension)</span><br><span class="line">	</span><br><span class="line">dimensions = (<span class="number">400</span>,<span class="number">100</span>)</span><br><span class="line">print(<span class="string">"\nModified dimensions:"</span>)</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">for</span> dimension <span class="keyword">in</span> dimensions:</span><br><span class="line">	print(dimension)</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>输出结果如下：</p>
<figure class="highlight python"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">Original dimensions:</span><br><span class="line"><span class="number">200</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="number">50</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">Modified dimensions:</span><br><span class="line"><span class="number">400</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="number">100</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>我们首先定义了一个元组，并将其储存的尺寸打印了出来；然后将一个新元组储存到变量dimensions中，打印新的尺寸；相比于列表，元组是更简单的数据结构。如果需要储存的一组值在程序的整个生命周期内都不变，可使用元组</p>

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      <ol class="toc"><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#3-1遍历整个列表"><span class="toc-text"> - 3.1遍历整个列表 </span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#3-1-1在for循环中执行更多的操作"><span class="toc-text">- 3.1.1在for循环中执行更多的操作 </span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#3-2-range-函数"><span class="toc-text">- 3.2 range()函数 </span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#3-2-1-对数字列表执行简单的统计计算"><span class="toc-text">- 3.2.1 对数字列表执行简单的统计计算 </span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#3-2-2-列表解析"><span class="toc-text">- 3.2.2 列表解析 </span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#3-3-使用列表的一部分"><span class="toc-text">- 3.3 使用列表的一部分 </span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#3-3-1-切片"><span class="toc-text">- 3.3.1 切片 </span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#3-3-2-遍历列表"><span class="toc-text">- 3.3.2 遍历列表 </span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#3-3-3-复制列表"><span class="toc-text">- 3.3.3 复制列表 </span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#3-4-元组"><span class="toc-text">- 3.4 元组 </span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#3-4-1-定义元组"><span class="toc-text">- 3.4.1 定义元组 </span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#3-4-2-遍历元组中所有的值"><span class="toc-text">- 3.4.2 遍历元组中所有的值 </span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#3-4-3-修改元组变量"><span class="toc-text">- 3.4.3 修改元组变量 </span></a></li></ol>
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