* [FEATURE]  ARDUINO_PARTITION_xxx build flag

Proposition: adding `-DARDUINO_PARTITION_{build.partitions}` flag to make the build partition information available at compile time.

Use cas example:

```C
#if defined ARDUINO_PARTITION_default
  // prevent compilation
  #error "This sketch needs 'Minimal SPIFFS' partition scheme to compile" 
  // or disable sketch features that need flash space
  #define USE_HUGE_BITMAP_IMAGES false
#endif
```

* Adding -DARDUINO_PARTITION_{build.partitions} (see #5804)