-`path` — Bucket url with path to file. Supports following wildcards in readonly mode: *, ?, {abc,def} and {N..M} where N, M — numbers, `’abc’, ‘def’ — strings.
- `format` — The [format](../../interfaces/formats.md#formats) of the file.
- `structure` — Structure of the table. Format `'column1_name column1_type, column2_name column2_type, ...'`.
- `compression` — Parameter is optional. Supported values: none, gzip/gz, brotli/br, xz/LZMA, zstd/zst. By default, it will autodetect compression by file extension.
**Returned value**
A table with the specified structure for reading or writing data in the specified file.
**Example**
Table from S3 file `https://storage.yandexcloud.net/my-test-bucket-768/data.csv` and selection of the first two rows from it:
``` sql
SELECT *
FROM s3('https://storage.yandexcloud.net/my-test-bucket-768/data.csv', 'CSV', 'column1 UInt32, column2 UInt32, column3 UInt32')
LIMIT 2
```
``` text
┌─column1─┬─column2─┬─column3─┐
│ 1 │ 2 │ 3 │
│ 3 │ 2 │ 1 │
└─────────┴─────────┴─────────┘
```
The similar but from file with `gzip` compression:
``` sql
SELECT *
FROM s3('https://storage.yandexcloud.net/my-test-bucket-768/data.csv.gz', 'CSV', 'column1 UInt32, column2 UInt32, column3 UInt32', 'gzip')
LIMIT 2
```
``` text
┌─column1─┬─column2─┬─column3─┐
│ 1 │ 2 │ 3 │
│ 3 │ 2 │ 1 │
└─────────┴─────────┴─────────┘
```
**Globs in path**
Multiple path components can have globs. For being processed file should exists and matches to the whole path pattern (not only suffix or prefix).
- `*` — Substitutes any number of any characters except `/` including empty string.
- `?` — Substitutes any single character.
- `{some_string,another_string,yet_another_one}` — Substitutes any of strings `'some_string', 'another_string', 'yet_another_one'`.
- `{N..M}` — Substitutes any number in range from N to M including both borders. N and M can have leading zeroes e.g. `000..078`.
Constructions with `{}` are similar to the [remote table function](../../sql-reference/table-functions/remote.md)).
**Example**
1. Suppose that we have several files with following URIs on S3:
2. Query the amount of rows in files end with number from 1 to 3:
<!-- -->
``` sql
SELECT count(*)
FROM s3('https://storage.yandexcloud.net/my-test-bucket-768/{some,another}_prefix/some_file_{1..3}.csv', 'CSV', 'name String, value UInt32')
```
``` text
┌─count()─┐
│ 18 │
└─────────┘
```
3. Query the amount of rows in all files of these two directories:
<!-- -->
``` sql
SELECT count(*)
FROM s3('https://storage.yandexcloud.net/my-test-bucket-768/{some,another}_prefix/*', 'CSV', 'name String, value UInt32')
```
``` text
┌─count()─┐
│ 24 │
└─────────┘
```
!!! warning "Warning"
If your listing of files contains number ranges with leading zeros, use the construction with braces for each digit separately or use `?`.
**Example**
Query the data from files named `file-000.csv`, `file-001.csv`, … , `file-999.csv`:
``` sql
SELECT count(*)
FROM s3('https://storage.yandexcloud.net/my-test-bucket-768/big_prefix/file-{000..999}.csv', 'CSV', 'name String, value UInt32')
```
``` text
┌─count()─┐
│ 12 │
└─────────┘
```
**Data insert**
The S3 table function may be used for data insert as well.
**Example**
Insert a data into file `test-data.csv.gz`:
``` sql
INSERT INTO s3('https://storage.yandexcloud.net/my-test-bucket-768/test-data.csv.gz', 'CSV', 'name String, value UInt32', 'gzip')
VALUES ('test-data', 1), ('test-data-2', 2)
```
Insert a data into file `test-data.csv.gz` from existing table:
``` sql
INSERT INTO s3('https://storage.yandexcloud.net/my-test-bucket-768/test-data.csv.gz', 'CSV', 'name String, value UInt32', 'gzip')
SELECT name, value FROM existing_table
```
## Virtual Columns {#virtual-columns}
- `_path` — Path to the file.
- `_file` — Name of the file.
## S3-related settings {#settings}
The following settings can be set before query execution or placed into configuration file.
- `s3_max_single_part_upload_size` — Default value is `64Mb`. The maximum size of object to upload using singlepart upload to S3.
- `s3_min_upload_part_size` — Default value is `512Mb`. The minimum size of part to upload during multipart upload to [S3 Multipart upload](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/dev/uploadobjusingmpu.html).
- `s3_max_redirects` — Default value is `10`. Max number of S3 redirects hops allowed.
Security consideration: if malicious user can specify arbitrary S3 URLs, `s3_max_redirects` must be set to zero to avoid [SSRF](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Server-side_request_forgery) attacks; or alternatively, `remote_host_filter` must be specified in server configuration.
