astValidate.c

/*
 * Copyright (c) 2019 TAOS Data, Inc. <jhtao@taosdata.com>
 *
 * This program is free software: you can use, redistribute, and/or modify
 * it under the terms of the GNU Affero General Public License, version 3
 * or later ("AGPL"), as published by the Free Software Foundation.
 *
 * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
 * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
 * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
 *
 * You should have received a copy of the GNU Affero General Public License
 * along with this program. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 */

#include <function.h>
#include "astGenerator.h"
#include "function.h"
#include "parserInt.h"
#include "parserUtil.h"
#include "queryInfoUtil.h"
#include "tbuffer.h"
#include "tglobal.h"
#include "tmsgtype.h"
#include "ttime.h"

#define TSQL_TBNAME_L "tbname"
#define DEFAULT_PRIMARY_TIMESTAMP_COL_NAME "_c0"
#define VALID_COLUMN_INDEX(index) (((index).tableIndex >= 0) && ((index).columnIndex >= TSDB_TBNAME_COLUMN_INDEX))

#define TSWINDOW_IS_EQUAL(t1, t2) (((t1).skey == (t2).skey) && ((t1).ekey == (t2).ekey))

// -1 is tbname column index, so here use the -2 as the initial value
#define COLUMN_INDEX_INITIAL_VAL (-2)
#define COLUMN_INDEX_INITIALIZER { COLUMN_INDEX_INITIAL_VAL, COLUMN_INDEX_INITIAL_VAL }

static int32_t resColId = 5000;
int32_t getNewResColId() {
  return resColId++;
}

static int32_t validateSelectNodeList(SQueryStmtInfo* pQueryInfo, SArray* pSelNodeList, bool outerQuery, SMsgBuf* pMsgBuf);
static int32_t extractFunctionParameterInfo(SQueryStmtInfo* pQueryInfo, int32_t tokenId, STableMetaInfo** pTableMetaInfo, SSchema* columnSchema,
                                            tExprNode** pNode, SColumnIndex* pIndex, tSqlExprItem* pParamElem, SMsgBuf* pMsgBuf);

void setTokenAndResColumnName(tSqlExprItem* pItem, char* resColumnName, char* rawName, int32_t nameLength) {
  memset(resColumnName, 0, nameLength);

  int32_t len = ((int32_t)pItem->pNode->exprToken.n < nameLength) ? (int32_t)pItem->pNode->exprToken.n : nameLength;
  strncpy(rawName, pItem->pNode->exprToken.z, len);

  if (pItem->aliasName != NULL) {
    assert(strlen(pItem->aliasName) < nameLength);
    tstrncpy(resColumnName, pItem->aliasName, len);
  } else {
    strncpy(resColumnName, rawName, len);
  }
}

static int32_t evaluateSqlNodeImpl(tSqlExpr* pExpr, int32_t tsPrecision) {
  int32_t code = 0;
  if (pExpr->type == SQL_NODE_EXPR) {
    code = evaluateSqlNodeImpl(pExpr->pLeft, tsPrecision);
    if (code != TSDB_CODE_SUCCESS) {
      return code;
    }

    code = evaluateSqlNodeImpl(pExpr->pRight, tsPrecision);
    if (code != TSDB_CODE_SUCCESS) {
      return code;
    }

    if (pExpr->pLeft->type == SQL_NODE_VALUE && pExpr->pRight->type == SQL_NODE_VALUE) {
      tSqlExpr* pLeft  = pExpr->pLeft;
      tSqlExpr* pRight = pExpr->pRight;
      if ((pLeft->tokenId == TK_TIMESTAMP && (pRight->tokenId == TK_INTEGER || pRight->tokenId == TK_FLOAT)) ||
          ((pRight->tokenId == TK_TIMESTAMP && (pLeft->tokenId == TK_INTEGER || pLeft->tokenId == TK_FLOAT)))) {
        return TSDB_CODE_TSC_SQL_SYNTAX_ERROR;
      } else if (pLeft->tokenId == TK_TIMESTAMP && pRight->tokenId == TK_TIMESTAMP) {
        tSqlExprEvaluate(pExpr);
      } else {
        tSqlExprEvaluate(pExpr);
      }
    } else {
      // Other types of expressions are not evaluated, they will be handled during the validation of the abstract syntax tree.
    }
  } else if (pExpr->type == SQL_NODE_VALUE) {
    if (pExpr->tokenId == TK_NOW) {
      pExpr->value.i     = taosGetTimestamp(tsPrecision);
      pExpr->value.nType = TSDB_DATA_TYPE_BIGINT;
      pExpr->tokenId     = TK_TIMESTAMP;
    } else if (pExpr->tokenId == TK_VARIABLE) {
      char    unit = 0;
      SToken* pToken = &pExpr->exprToken;
      int32_t ret = parseAbsoluteDuration(pToken->z, pToken->n, &pExpr->value.i, &unit, tsPrecision);
      if (ret != TSDB_CODE_SUCCESS) {
        return TSDB_CODE_TSC_SQL_SYNTAX_ERROR;
      }

      pExpr->value.nType = TSDB_DATA_TYPE_BIGINT;
      pExpr->tokenId = TK_TIMESTAMP;
    }  else if (pExpr->tokenId == TK_NULL) {
      pExpr->value.nType = TSDB_DATA_TYPE_NULL;
    } else if (pExpr->tokenId == TK_INTEGER || pExpr->tokenId == TK_STRING || pExpr->tokenId == TK_FLOAT || pExpr->tokenId == TK_BOOL) {
      SToken* pToken = &pExpr->exprToken;

      int32_t tokenType = pToken->type;
      toTSDBType(tokenType);
      taosVariantCreate(&pExpr->value, pToken->z, pToken->n, tokenType);
    }

    return  TSDB_CODE_SUCCESS;
    // other types of data are handled in the parent level.
  } else if (pExpr->type == SQL_NODE_SQLFUNCTION) {
    SArray* pParam = pExpr->Expr.paramList;

    if (pParam != NULL) {
      for (int32_t i = 0; i < taosArrayGetSize(pParam); ++i) {
        tSqlExprItem* pItem = taosArrayGet(pParam, i);
        evaluateSqlNodeImpl(pItem->pNode, tsPrecision);
      }
    }
  }

  return  TSDB_CODE_SUCCESS;
}

void destroyFilterInfo(SColumnFilterList* pFilterList) {
  if (pFilterList->filterInfo == NULL) {
    pFilterList->numOfFilters = 0;
    return;
  }

  for(int32_t i = 0; i < pFilterList->numOfFilters; ++i) {
    if (pFilterList->filterInfo[i].filterstr) {
      tfree(pFilterList->filterInfo[i].pz);
    }
  }

  tfree(pFilterList->filterInfo);
  pFilterList->numOfFilters = 0;
}

void columnDestroy(SColumn* pCol) {
  destroyFilterInfo(&pCol->info.flist);
  free(pCol);
}

void destroyColumnList(SArray* pColumnList) {
  if (pColumnList == NULL) {
    return;
  }

  size_t num = taosArrayGetSize(pColumnList);
  for (int32_t i = 0; i < num; ++i) {
    SColumn* pCol = taosArrayGetP(pColumnList, i);
    columnDestroy(pCol);
  }

  taosArrayDestroy(pColumnList);
}

void clearTableMetaInfo(STableMetaInfo* pTableMetaInfo) {
  if (pTableMetaInfo == NULL) {
    return;
  }

  tfree(pTableMetaInfo->pTableMeta);
  tfree(pTableMetaInfo->vgroupList);

  destroyColumnList(pTableMetaInfo->tagColList);
  pTableMetaInfo->tagColList = NULL;

  free(pTableMetaInfo);
}

static STableMeta* extractTempTableMetaFromSubquery(SQueryStmtInfo* pUpstream) {
  STableMetaInfo* pUpstreamTableMetaInfo = getMetaInfo(pUpstream, 0);

  int32_t     numOfColumns = pUpstream->fieldsInfo.numOfOutput;
  STableMeta *meta = calloc(1, sizeof(STableMeta) + sizeof(SSchema) * numOfColumns);
  meta->tableType = TSDB_TEMP_TABLE;

  STableComInfo *info = &meta->tableInfo;
  info->numOfColumns = numOfColumns;
  info->precision    = pUpstreamTableMetaInfo->pTableMeta->tableInfo.precision;
  info->numOfTags    = 0;

  int32_t n = 0;
  for(int32_t i = 0; i < numOfColumns; ++i) {
    SInternalField* pField = getInternalField(&pUpstream->fieldsInfo, i);
    if (!pField->visible) {
      continue;
    }

    meta->schema[n] = pField->pExpr->base.resSchema;
    info->rowSize += meta->schema[n].bytes;
    n += 1;
  }

  info->numOfColumns = n;
  return meta;
}

SQueryStmtInfo *createQueryInfo() {
  SQueryStmtInfo* pQueryInfo = calloc(1, sizeof(SQueryStmtInfo));

  pQueryInfo->fieldsInfo.internalField = taosArrayInit(4, sizeof(SInternalField));
  pQueryInfo->colList        = taosArrayInit(4, POINTER_BYTES);
  pQueryInfo->udColumnId     = TSDB_UD_COLUMN_INDEX;
  pQueryInfo->limit.limit    = -1;
  pQueryInfo->limit.offset   = 0;

  pQueryInfo->slimit.limit   = -1;
  pQueryInfo->slimit.offset  = 0;
  pQueryInfo->pUpstream      = taosArrayInit(4, POINTER_BYTES);
  pQueryInfo->window         = TSWINDOW_INITIALIZER;

  pQueryInfo->exprList       = calloc(10, POINTER_BYTES);
  for(int32_t i = 0; i < 10; ++i) {
    pQueryInfo->exprList[i] = taosArrayInit(4, POINTER_BYTES);
  }

  pQueryInfo->exprListLevelIndex     = 0;

  return pQueryInfo;
}

static void destroyQueryInfoImpl(SQueryStmtInfo* pQueryInfo) {
  cleanupTagCond(&pQueryInfo->tagCond);
  cleanupColumnCond(&pQueryInfo->colCond);
  cleanupFieldInfo(&pQueryInfo->fieldsInfo);

  dropAllExprInfo(pQueryInfo->exprList, 10);
  pQueryInfo->exprList = NULL;

  columnListDestroy(pQueryInfo->colList);
  pQueryInfo->colList = NULL;

  if (pQueryInfo->groupbyExpr.columnInfo != NULL) {
    taosArrayDestroy(pQueryInfo->groupbyExpr.columnInfo);
    pQueryInfo->groupbyExpr.columnInfo = NULL;
  }

  pQueryInfo->fillType = 0;

  tfree(pQueryInfo->fillVal);
  tfree(pQueryInfo->buf);

  taosArrayDestroy(pQueryInfo->pUpstream);
  pQueryInfo->pUpstream = NULL;
  pQueryInfo->bufLen = 0;
}

void destroyQueryInfo(SQueryStmtInfo* pQueryInfo) {
  while (pQueryInfo != NULL) {
    SQueryStmtInfo* p = pQueryInfo->sibling;

    size_t numOfUpstream = taosArrayGetSize(pQueryInfo->pUpstream);
    for (int32_t i = 0; i < numOfUpstream; ++i) {
      SQueryStmtInfo* pUpQueryInfo = taosArrayGetP(pQueryInfo->pUpstream, i);
      destroyQueryInfoImpl(pUpQueryInfo);
      clearAllTableMetaInfo(pUpQueryInfo, false, 0);
      tfree(pUpQueryInfo);
    }

    destroyQueryInfoImpl(pQueryInfo);
    clearAllTableMetaInfo(pQueryInfo, false, 0);
    tfree(pQueryInfo);
    pQueryInfo = p;
  }
}

static int32_t doValidateSubquery(SSqlNode* pSqlNode, int32_t index, SQueryStmtInfo* pQueryInfo, SMsgBuf* pMsgBuf) {
  SRelElement* subInfo = taosArrayGet(pSqlNode->from->list, index);

  // union all is not support currently
  SSqlNode* p = taosArrayGetP(subInfo->pSubquery->node, 0);
  if (taosArrayGetSize(subInfo->pSubquery->node) >= 2) {
    return buildInvalidOperationMsg(pMsgBuf, "not support union in subquery");
  }

  SQueryStmtInfo* pSub = createQueryInfo();

  SArray *pUdfInfo = NULL;
  if (pQueryInfo->pUdfInfo) {
    pUdfInfo = taosArrayDup(pQueryInfo->pUdfInfo);
  }

  pSub->pUdfInfo = pUdfInfo;
  pSub->pDownstream = pQueryInfo;
  int32_t code = validateSqlNode(p, pSub, pMsgBuf);
  if (code != TSDB_CODE_SUCCESS) {
    return code;
  }

  // create dummy table meta info
  STableMetaInfo* pTableMetaInfo1 = calloc(1, sizeof(STableMetaInfo));
  if (pTableMetaInfo1 == NULL) {
    return TSDB_CODE_TSC_OUT_OF_MEMORY;
  }

  pTableMetaInfo1->pTableMeta = extractTempTableMetaFromSubquery(pSub);

  if (subInfo->aliasName.n > 0) {
    if (subInfo->aliasName.n >= TSDB_TABLE_FNAME_LEN) {
      tfree(pTableMetaInfo1);
      return buildInvalidOperationMsg(pMsgBuf, "subquery alias name too long");
    }

    tstrncpy(pTableMetaInfo1->aliasName, subInfo->aliasName.z, subInfo->aliasName.n + 1);
  }

  taosArrayPush(pQueryInfo->pUpstream, &pSub);

  // NOTE: order mix up in subquery not support yet.
  pQueryInfo->order = pSub->order;

  STableMetaInfo** tmp = realloc(pQueryInfo->pTableMetaInfo, (pQueryInfo->numOfTables + 1) * POINTER_BYTES);
  if (tmp == NULL) {
    tfree(pTableMetaInfo1);
    return TSDB_CODE_TSC_OUT_OF_MEMORY;
  }

  pQueryInfo->pTableMetaInfo = tmp;

  pQueryInfo->pTableMetaInfo[pQueryInfo->numOfTables] = pTableMetaInfo1;
  pQueryInfo->numOfTables += 1;

  // all columns are added into the table column list
  STableMeta* pMeta = pTableMetaInfo1->pTableMeta;
  int32_t startOffset = (int32_t) taosArrayGetSize(pQueryInfo->colList);

  for(int32_t i = 0; i < pMeta->tableInfo.numOfColumns; ++i) {
    columnListInsert(pQueryInfo->colList, pMeta->uid, &pMeta->schema[i], TSDB_COL_NORMAL);
  }

  return TSDB_CODE_SUCCESS;
}

int32_t getTableIndexImpl(SToken* pTableToken, SQueryStmtInfo* pQueryInfo, SColumnIndex* pIndex) {
  if (pTableToken->n == 0) {  // only one table and no table name prefix in column name
    if (pQueryInfo->numOfTables == 1) {
      pIndex->tableIndex = 0;
    } else {
      pIndex->tableIndex = COLUMN_INDEX_INITIAL_VAL;
    }

    return TSDB_CODE_SUCCESS;
  }

  pIndex->tableIndex = COLUMN_INDEX_INITIAL_VAL;
  for (int32_t i = 0; i < pQueryInfo->numOfTables; ++i) {
    STableMetaInfo* pTableMetaInfo = getMetaInfo(pQueryInfo, i);
    char* name = pTableMetaInfo->aliasName;
    if (strncasecmp(name, pTableToken->z, pTableToken->n) == 0 && strlen(name) == pTableToken->n) {
      pIndex->tableIndex = i;
      return TSDB_CODE_SUCCESS;
    }
  }

  return TSDB_CODE_TSC_INVALID_OPERATION;
}

void extractTableNameFromToken(SToken* pToken, SToken* pTable) {
  const char sep = TS_PATH_DELIMITER[0];

  if (pToken == pTable || pToken == NULL || pTable == NULL) {
    return;
  }

  char* r = strnchr(pToken->z, sep, pToken->n, false);

  if (r != NULL) {  // record the table name token
    pTable->n = (uint32_t)(r - pToken->z);
    pTable->z = pToken->z;

    r += 1;
    pToken->n -= (uint32_t)(r - pToken->z);
    pToken->z = r;
  }
}

int32_t getTableIndexByName(SToken* pToken, SQueryStmtInfo* pQueryInfo, SColumnIndex* pIndex) {
  SToken tableToken = {0};
  extractTableNameFromToken(pToken, &tableToken);

  if (getTableIndexImpl(&tableToken, pQueryInfo, pIndex) != TSDB_CODE_SUCCESS) {
    return TSDB_CODE_TSC_INVALID_OPERATION;
  }

  return TSDB_CODE_SUCCESS;
}

static int16_t doGetColumnIndex(SQueryStmtInfo* pQueryInfo, int32_t index, const SToken* pToken, int16_t* type) {
  STableMeta* pTableMeta = getMetaInfo(pQueryInfo, index)->pTableMeta;

  int32_t  numOfCols = getNumOfColumns(pTableMeta) + getNumOfTags(pTableMeta);
  SSchema* pSchema = getTableColumnSchema(pTableMeta);

  int16_t columnIndex = COLUMN_INDEX_INITIAL_VAL;

  for (int32_t i = 0; i < numOfCols; ++i) {
    if (pToken->n != strlen(pSchema[i].name)) {
      continue;
    }

    if (strncasecmp(pSchema[i].name, pToken->z, pToken->n) == 0) {
      columnIndex = i;
      break;
    }
  }

  *type = (columnIndex >= getNumOfColumns(pTableMeta))? TSDB_COL_TAG:TSDB_COL_NORMAL;
  return columnIndex;
}

static bool isTablenameToken(SToken* token) {
  SToken tmpToken = *token;
  SToken tableToken = {0};

  extractTableNameFromToken(&tmpToken, &tableToken);
  return (tmpToken.n == strlen(TSQL_TBNAME_L) && strncasecmp(TSQL_TBNAME_L, tmpToken.z, tmpToken.n) == 0);
}

int32_t doGetColumnIndexByName(SToken* pToken, SQueryStmtInfo* pQueryInfo, SColumnIndex* pIndex, SMsgBuf* pMsgBuf) {
  const char* msg0 = "ambiguous column name";
  const char* msg1 = "invalid column name";

  pIndex->type = TSDB_COL_NORMAL;

  if (isTablenameToken(pToken)) {
    pIndex->columnIndex = TSDB_TBNAME_COLUMN_INDEX;
    pIndex->type = TSDB_COL_TAG;
  } else if (strlen(DEFAULT_PRIMARY_TIMESTAMP_COL_NAME) == pToken->n &&
             strncasecmp(pToken->z, DEFAULT_PRIMARY_TIMESTAMP_COL_NAME, pToken->n) == 0) {
    pIndex->columnIndex = PRIMARYKEY_TIMESTAMP_COL_ID; // just make runtime happy, need fix java test case InsertSpecialCharacterJniTest
  } else if (pToken->n == 0) {
    pIndex->columnIndex = PRIMARYKEY_TIMESTAMP_COL_ID; // just make runtime happy, need fix java test case InsertSpecialCharacterJniTest
  } else {
    // not specify the table name, try to locate the table index by column name
    if (pIndex->tableIndex == COLUMN_INDEX_INITIAL_VAL) {
      for (int16_t i = 0; i < pQueryInfo->numOfTables; ++i) {
        int16_t colIndex = doGetColumnIndex(pQueryInfo, i, pToken, &pIndex->type);

        if (colIndex != COLUMN_INDEX_INITIAL_VAL) {
          if (pIndex->columnIndex != COLUMN_INDEX_INITIAL_VAL) {
            return buildInvalidOperationMsg(pMsgBuf, msg0);
          } else {
            pIndex->tableIndex = i;
            pIndex->columnIndex = colIndex;
          }
        }
      }
    } else {  // table index is valid, get the column index
      pIndex->columnIndex = doGetColumnIndex(pQueryInfo, pIndex->tableIndex, pToken, &pIndex->type);
    }

    if (pIndex->columnIndex == COLUMN_INDEX_INITIAL_VAL) {
      return buildInvalidOperationMsg(pMsgBuf, msg1);
    }
  }

  if (VALID_COLUMN_INDEX(*pIndex)) {
    return TSDB_CODE_SUCCESS;
  } else {
    return TSDB_CODE_TSC_INVALID_OPERATION;
  }
}

int32_t getColumnIndexByName(const SToken* pToken, SQueryStmtInfo* pQueryInfo, SColumnIndex* pIndex, SMsgBuf* pMsgBuf) {
  if (pQueryInfo->pTableMetaInfo == NULL || pQueryInfo->numOfTables == 0) {
    return TSDB_CODE_TSC_INVALID_OPERATION;
  }

  SToken tmpToken = *pToken;
  if (getTableIndexByName(&tmpToken, pQueryInfo, pIndex) != TSDB_CODE_SUCCESS) {
    return TSDB_CODE_TSC_INVALID_OPERATION;
  }

  return doGetColumnIndexByName(&tmpToken, pQueryInfo, pIndex, pMsgBuf);
}

int32_t validateGroupbyNode(SQueryStmtInfo* pQueryInfo, SArray* pList, SMsgBuf* pMsgBuf) {
  const char* msg1 = "too many columns in group by clause";
  const char* msg2 = "invalid column name in group by clause";
  const char* msg3 = "columns from one table allowed as group by columns";
  const char* msg4 = "join query does not support group by";
  const char* msg5 = "not allowed column type for group by";
  const char* msg6 = "tags not allowed for table query";
  const char* msg7 = "normal column and tags can not be mixed up in group by clause";
  const char* msg8 = "normal column can only locate at the end of group by clause";

  SGroupbyExpr* pGroupExpr = &(pQueryInfo->groupbyExpr);
  pGroupExpr->columnInfo = taosArrayInit(4, sizeof(SColIndex));
  if (pGroupExpr->columnInfo == NULL) {
    return TSDB_CODE_TSC_OUT_OF_MEMORY;
  }

  // todo : handle two tables situation
  STableMetaInfo* pTableMetaInfo = NULL;
  if (pList == NULL) {
    return TSDB_CODE_SUCCESS;
  }

  if (pQueryInfo->numOfTables > 1) {
    return buildInvalidOperationMsg(pMsgBuf, msg4);
  }

  size_t num = taosArrayGetSize(pList);
  if (num > TSDB_MAX_TAGS) {
    return buildInvalidOperationMsg(pMsgBuf, msg1);
  }

  int32_t  numOfGroupbyCols = 0;
  SSchema *pSchema          = NULL;
  int32_t  tableIndex       = COLUMN_INDEX_INITIAL_VAL;
  bool groupbyTag           = false;

  for (int32_t i = 0; i < num; ++i) {
    SListItem * pItem = taosArrayGet(pList, i);
    SVariant* pVar = &pItem->pVar;

    SColumnIndex index = COLUMN_INDEX_INITIALIZER;
    SToken token = {pVar->nLen, pVar->nType, pVar->pz};
    if (getColumnIndexByName(&token, pQueryInfo, &index, pMsgBuf) != TSDB_CODE_SUCCESS) {
      return buildInvalidOperationMsg(pMsgBuf, msg2);
    }

    // Group by multiple tables is not supported.
    if (tableIndex == COLUMN_INDEX_INITIAL_VAL) {
      tableIndex = index.tableIndex;
    } else if (tableIndex != index.tableIndex) {
      return buildInvalidOperationMsg(pMsgBuf, msg3);
    }

    pTableMetaInfo = getMetaInfo(pQueryInfo, index.tableIndex);
    STableMeta* pTableMeta = pTableMetaInfo->pTableMeta;

    if (index.columnIndex == TSDB_TBNAME_COLUMN_INDEX) {
      pSchema = getTbnameColumnSchema();
    } else {
      pSchema = getOneColumnSchema(pTableMeta, index.columnIndex);
    }

    bool groupTag = TSDB_COL_IS_TAG(index.type);
    if (groupTag) {
      if (!UTIL_TABLE_IS_SUPER_TABLE(pTableMetaInfo)) {
        return buildInvalidOperationMsg(pMsgBuf, msg6);
      }

      groupbyTag = true;

      SColumn c = createColumn(pTableMeta->uid, pTableMetaInfo->aliasName, TSDB_COL_TAG, pSchema);
      taosArrayPush(pGroupExpr->columnInfo, &c);

      columnListInsert(pTableMetaInfo->tagColList, pTableMeta->uid, pSchema, TSDB_COL_TAG);
    } else {
      // check if the column type is valid, here only support the bool/tinyint/smallint/bigint group by
      if (pSchema->type == TSDB_DATA_TYPE_FLOAT || pSchema->type == TSDB_DATA_TYPE_DOUBLE) {
        return buildInvalidOperationMsg(pMsgBuf, msg5);
      }

      SColumn c = createColumn(pTableMeta->uid, pTableMetaInfo->aliasName, TSDB_COL_NORMAL, pSchema);
      taosArrayPush(pGroupExpr->columnInfo, &c);

      columnListInsert(pQueryInfo->colList, pTableMeta->uid, pSchema, TSDB_COL_NORMAL);

      numOfGroupbyCols++;
      pQueryInfo->info.groupbyColumn = true;
    }
  }

  if (numOfGroupbyCols > 0 && groupbyTag) {
    return buildInvalidOperationMsg(pMsgBuf, msg7);
  }

  // todo ???
  // 1. the normal column in the group by clause can only located at the end position
  for(int32_t i = 0; i < num; ++i) {
    SColIndex* pIndex = taosArrayGet(pGroupExpr->columnInfo, i);
    if (TSDB_COL_IS_NORMAL_COL(pIndex->flag) && i != num - 1) {
      return buildInvalidOperationMsg(pMsgBuf, msg8);
    }
  }

  pGroupExpr->groupbyTag = groupbyTag;
  return TSDB_CODE_SUCCESS;
}

int32_t checkForUnsupportedQuery(SQueryStmtInfo* pQueryInfo, SMsgBuf* pMsgBuf) {
  const char* msg1 = "not support percentile/interp/block_dist in the outer query yet";

  for (int32_t i = 0; i < getNumOfExprs(pQueryInfo); ++i) {
    SExprInfo* pExpr = getExprInfo(pQueryInfo, i);
    assert(pExpr->pExpr->nodeType == TEXPR_UNARYEXPR_NODE);

    int32_t f = getExprFunctionId(pExpr);
    if (f == FUNCTION_PERCT || f == FUNCTION_INTERP) {
      return buildInvalidOperationMsg(pMsgBuf, msg1);
    }

    if (f == FUNCTION_BLKINFO && taosArrayGetSize(pQueryInfo->pUpstream) > 0) {
      return buildInvalidOperationMsg(pMsgBuf, msg1);
    }

#if 0
    //todo planner handle this
    if (/*(timeWindowQuery || pQueryInfo->stateWindow) &&*/ f == FUNCTION_LAST) {
      pExpr->base.numOfParams = 1;
      pExpr->base.param[0].i = TSDB_ORDER_ASC;
      pExpr->base.param[0].nType = TSDB_DATA_TYPE_INT;
    }
#endif
  }
}

int32_t validateWhereNode(SQueryStmtInfo *pQueryInfo, tSqlExpr* pWhereExpr, SMsgBuf* pMsgBuf) {
  return 0;
}

static int32_t parseIntervalOffset(SQueryStmtInfo* pQueryInfo, SToken* offsetToken, int32_t precision, SMsgBuf* pMsgBuf) {
  const char* msg1 = "interval offset cannot be negative";
  const char* msg2 = "interval offset should be shorter than interval";
  const char* msg3 = "cannot use 'year' as offset when interval is 'month'";

  SToken* t = offsetToken;
  SInterval* pInterval = &pQueryInfo->interval;

  if (t->n == 0) {
    pInterval->offsetUnit = pInterval->intervalUnit;
    pInterval->offset = 0;
    return TSDB_CODE_SUCCESS;
  }

  if (parseNatualDuration(t->z, t->n, &pInterval->offset, &pInterval->offsetUnit, precision) != TSDB_CODE_SUCCESS) {
    return TSDB_CODE_TSC_INVALID_OPERATION;
  }

  if (pInterval->offset < 0) {
    return buildInvalidOperationMsg(pMsgBuf, msg1);
  }

  if (!TIME_IS_VAR_DURATION(pInterval->offsetUnit)) {
    if (!TIME_IS_VAR_DURATION(pInterval->intervalUnit)) {
      if (pInterval->offset > pInterval->interval) {
        return buildInvalidOperationMsg(pMsgBuf, msg2);
      }
    }
  } else if (pInterval->offsetUnit == pInterval->intervalUnit) {
    if (pInterval->offset >= pInterval->interval) {
      return buildInvalidOperationMsg(pMsgBuf, msg2);
    }
  } else if (pInterval->intervalUnit == 'n' && pInterval->offsetUnit == 'y') {
    return buildInvalidOperationMsg(pMsgBuf, msg3);
  } else if (pInterval->intervalUnit == 'y' && pInterval->offsetUnit == 'n') {
    if (pInterval->interval * 12 <= pQueryInfo->interval.offset) {
      return buildInvalidOperationMsg(pMsgBuf, msg2);
    }
  } else {
    // TODO: offset should be shorter than interval, but how to check
    // conflicts like 30days offset and 1 month interval
  }

  return TSDB_CODE_SUCCESS;
}

static int32_t parseSlidingClause(SQueryStmtInfo* pQueryInfo, SToken* pSliding, int32_t precision, SMsgBuf* pMsgBuf) {
  const char* msg1 = "sliding value no larger than the interval value";
  const char* msg2 = "sliding value can not less than 1% of interval value";
  const char* msg3 = "does not support sliding when interval is natural month/year";
  const char* msg4 = "sliding value too small";

  const static int32_t INTERVAL_SLIDING_FACTOR = 100;

  SInterval* pInterval = &pQueryInfo->interval;
  if (pSliding->n == 0) {
    pInterval->slidingUnit = pInterval->intervalUnit;
    pInterval->sliding     = pInterval->interval;
    return TSDB_CODE_SUCCESS;
  }

  if (TIME_IS_VAR_DURATION(pInterval->intervalUnit)) {
    return buildInvalidOperationMsg(pMsgBuf, msg3);
  }

  parseAbsoluteDuration(pSliding->z, pSliding->n, &pInterval->sliding, &pInterval->slidingUnit, precision);

  // less than the threshold
  if (pInterval->sliding < convertTimePrecision(tsMinSlidingTime, TSDB_TIME_PRECISION_MILLI, precision)) {
    return buildInvalidOperationMsg(pMsgBuf, msg4);
  }

  if (pInterval->sliding > pInterval->interval) {
    return buildInvalidOperationMsg(pMsgBuf, msg1);
  }

  if ((pInterval->interval != 0) && (pInterval->interval/pInterval->sliding > INTERVAL_SLIDING_FACTOR)) {
    return buildInvalidOperationMsg(pMsgBuf, msg2);
  }

  return TSDB_CODE_SUCCESS;
}

static void setTsOutputExprInfo(SQueryStmtInfo* pQueryInfo, STableMetaInfo* pTableMetaInfo, int32_t outputIndex, int32_t tableIndex);

// validate the interval info
int32_t validateIntervalNode(SQueryStmtInfo *pQueryInfo, SSqlNode* pSqlNode, SMsgBuf* pMsgBuf) {
  const char* msg1 = "sliding cannot be used without interval";
  const char* msg2 = "only point interpolation query requires keyword EVERY";
  const char* msg3 = "interval value is too small";

  STableMetaInfo* pTableMetaInfo = getMetaInfo(pQueryInfo, 0);
  STableComInfo tinfo = getTableInfo(pTableMetaInfo->pTableMeta);

  if (!TPARSER_HAS_TOKEN(pSqlNode->interval.interval)) {
    if (TPARSER_HAS_TOKEN(pSqlNode->sliding)) {
      return buildInvalidOperationMsg(pMsgBuf, msg1);
    } else {
      return TSDB_CODE_SUCCESS;
    }
  }

  // interval is not null
  SToken *t = &pSqlNode->interval.interval;
  if (parseNatualDuration(t->z, t->n, &pQueryInfo->interval.interval,
                          &pQueryInfo->interval.intervalUnit, tinfo.precision) != TSDB_CODE_SUCCESS) {
    return TSDB_CODE_TSC_INVALID_OPERATION;
  }

  if (pQueryInfo->interval.interval <= 0) {
    return buildInvalidOperationMsg(pMsgBuf, msg3);
  }

  if (!TIME_IS_VAR_DURATION(pQueryInfo->interval.intervalUnit)) {
    // interval cannot be less than 10 milliseconds
    if (convertTimePrecision(pQueryInfo->interval.interval, tinfo.precision, TSDB_TIME_PRECISION_MICRO) < tsMinIntervalTime) {
      char msg[50] = {0};
      snprintf(msg, 50, "interval time window can not be less than %d %s", tsMinIntervalTime, TSDB_TIME_PRECISION_MICRO_STR);
      return buildInvalidOperationMsg(pMsgBuf, msg);
    }
  }

  if (parseIntervalOffset(pQueryInfo, &pSqlNode->interval.offset, tinfo.precision, pMsgBuf) != TSDB_CODE_SUCCESS) {
    return TSDB_CODE_TSC_INVALID_OPERATION;
  }

  if (parseSlidingClause(pQueryInfo, &pSqlNode->sliding, tinfo.precision, pMsgBuf) != TSDB_CODE_SUCCESS) {
    return TSDB_CODE_TSC_INVALID_OPERATION;
  }

  if (tsCompatibleModel) {
    SExprInfo* pFirstExpr = getExprInfo(pQueryInfo, 0);
    if (pFirstExpr->pExpr->nodeType != TEXPR_FUNCTION_NODE || strcasecmp(pFirstExpr->pExpr->_function.functionName, "dummy") != 0) {
      setTsOutputExprInfo(pQueryInfo, pTableMetaInfo, 0, 0);
    }
  }

  // It is a time window query
  pQueryInfo->info.timewindow = true;
  return TSDB_CODE_SUCCESS;
  // disable it temporarily
//  bool interpQuery = tscIsPointInterpQuery(pQueryInfo);
//  if ((pSqlNode->interval.token == TK_EVERY && (!interpQuery)) || (pSqlNode->interval.token == TK_INTERVAL && interpQuery)) {
//    return buildInvalidOperationMsg(pMsgBuf, msg4);
//  }
}

int32_t validateSessionNode(SQueryStmtInfo *pQueryInfo, SSessionWindowVal* pSession, int32_t precision, SMsgBuf* pMsgBuf) {
  const char* msg1 = "gap should be fixed time window";
  const char* msg2 = "only one type time window allowed";
  const char* msg3 = "invalid column name";
  const char* msg4 = "invalid time window";
  const char* msg5 = "only the primary time stamp column can be used in session window";

  // no session window
  if (!TPARSER_HAS_TOKEN(pSession->gap)) {
    return TSDB_CODE_SUCCESS;
  }

  SToken* col = &pSession->col;
  SToken* gap = &pSession->gap;

  char timeUnit = 0;
  if (parseNatualDuration(gap->z, gap->n, &pQueryInfo->sessionWindow.gap, &timeUnit, precision) != TSDB_CODE_SUCCESS) {
    return buildInvalidOperationMsg(pMsgBuf, msg4);
  }

  if (TIME_IS_VAR_DURATION(timeUnit)) {
    return buildInvalidOperationMsg(pMsgBuf, msg1);
  }

  if (pQueryInfo->sessionWindow.gap != 0 && pQueryInfo->interval.interval != 0) {
    return buildInvalidOperationMsg(pMsgBuf, msg2);
  }

  if (pQueryInfo->sessionWindow.gap == 0) {
    return buildInvalidOperationMsg(pMsgBuf, msg4);
  }

  SColumnIndex index = COLUMN_INDEX_INITIALIZER;
  if ((getColumnIndexByName(col, pQueryInfo, &index, pMsgBuf) != TSDB_CODE_SUCCESS)) {
    return buildInvalidOperationMsg(pMsgBuf, msg3);
  }

  if (index.columnIndex != PRIMARYKEY_TIMESTAMP_COL_ID) {
    return buildInvalidOperationMsg(pMsgBuf, msg5);
  }

  STableMetaInfo* pTableMetaInfo = getMetaInfo(pQueryInfo, index.tableIndex);
  STableMeta* pTableMeta = pTableMetaInfo->pTableMeta;

  SSchema* pSchema = getOneColumnSchema(pTableMeta, index.columnIndex);
  pQueryInfo->sessionWindow.col = createColumn(pTableMetaInfo->pTableMeta->uid, pTableMetaInfo->aliasName, index.type, pSchema);
  pQueryInfo->info.sessionWindow = true;
  return TSDB_CODE_SUCCESS;
}

// parse the window_state
int32_t validateStateWindowNode(SQueryStmtInfo *pQueryInfo, SWindowStateVal* pWindowState, SMsgBuf* pMsgBuf) {
  const char* msg1 = "invalid column name";
  const char* msg2 = "invalid column type to create state window";
  const char* msg3 = "not support state_window with group by";
  const char* msg4 = "function not support for super table query";
  const char* msg5 = "not support state_window on tag column";

  SToken *col = &(pWindowState->col) ;
  if (!TPARSER_HAS_TOKEN(*col)) {
    return TSDB_CODE_SUCCESS;
  }

  SGroupbyExpr* pGroupExpr = &pQueryInfo->groupbyExpr;
  if (taosArrayGetSize(pGroupExpr->columnInfo) > 0) {
    return buildInvalidOperationMsg(pMsgBuf, msg3);
  }

  SColumnIndex index = COLUMN_INDEX_INITIALIZER;
  if (getColumnIndexByName(col, pQueryInfo, &index, pMsgBuf) !=  TSDB_CODE_SUCCESS) {
    return buildInvalidOperationMsg(pMsgBuf, msg1);
  }

  STableMetaInfo *pTableMetaInfo = getMetaInfo(pQueryInfo, index.tableIndex);
  STableMeta* pTableMeta = pTableMetaInfo->pTableMeta;

  if (UTIL_TABLE_IS_SUPER_TABLE(pTableMetaInfo)) {
    return buildInvalidOperationMsg(pMsgBuf, msg4);
  }

  if (TSDB_COL_IS_TAG(index.type)) {
    return buildInvalidOperationMsg(pMsgBuf, msg5);
  }

  SSchema* pSchema = getOneColumnSchema(pTableMeta, index.columnIndex);
  if (pSchema->type == TSDB_DATA_TYPE_TIMESTAMP || IS_FLOAT_TYPE(pSchema->type)) {
    return buildInvalidOperationMsg(pMsgBuf, msg2);
  }

  pQueryInfo->stateWindow.col = createColumn(pTableMeta->uid, pTableMetaInfo->aliasName, index.type, pSchema);
  pQueryInfo->info.stateWindow = true;

  columnListInsert(pQueryInfo->colList, pTableMeta->uid, pSchema, index.type);
  return TSDB_CODE_SUCCESS;
}

// parse the having clause in the first place
int32_t validateHavingNode(SQueryStmtInfo *pQueryInfo, SSqlNode* pSqlNode, SMsgBuf* pMsgBuf) {
  return 0;
}

int32_t validateLimitNode(SQueryStmtInfo *pQueryInfo, SSqlNode* pSqlNode, SMsgBuf* pMsgBuf) {
  STableMetaInfo* pTableMetaInfo = getMetaInfo(pQueryInfo, 0);

  const char* msg1 = "slimit/soffset only available for STable query";
  const char* msg2 = "slimit/soffset can not apply to projection query";
  const char* msg3 = "soffset/offset can not be less than 0";

  // handle the limit offset value, validate the limit
  pQueryInfo->limit = pSqlNode->limit;
  pQueryInfo->slimit = pSqlNode->slimit;

//  tscDebug("0x%"PRIx64" limit:%" PRId64 ", offset:%" PRId64 " slimit:%" PRId64 ", soffset:%" PRId64, pSql->self,
//           pQueryInfo->limit.limit, pQueryInfo->limit.offset, pQueryInfo->slimit.limit, pQueryInfo->slimit.offset);

  if (pQueryInfo->slimit.offset < 0 || pQueryInfo->limit.offset < 0) {
    return buildInvalidOperationMsg(pMsgBuf, msg3);
  }

  if (pQueryInfo->limit.limit == 0) {
//    tscDebug("0x%"PRIx64" limit 0, no output result", pSql->self);
    pQueryInfo->command = TSDB_SQL_RETRIEVE_EMPTY_RESULT;
    return TSDB_CODE_SUCCESS;
  }

  if (UTIL_TABLE_IS_SUPER_TABLE(pTableMetaInfo)) {
//    if (!tscQueryTags(pQueryInfo)) {  // local handle the super table tag query
//      if (tscIsProjectionQueryOnSTable(pQueryInfo, 0)) {
//        if (pQueryInfo->slimit.limit > 0 || pQueryInfo->slimit.offset > 0) {
//          return buildInvalidOperationMsg(pMsgBuf, msg2);
//        }
//
//        // for projection query on super table, all queries are subqueries
//        if (tscNonOrderedProjectionQueryOnSTable(pQueryInfo, 0) &&
//            !TSDB_QUERY_HAS_TYPE(pQueryInfo->type, TSDB_QUERY_TYPE_JOIN_QUERY)) {
//          pQueryInfo->type |= TSDB_QUERY_TYPE_SUBQUERY;
//        }
//      }
//    }

    if (pQueryInfo->slimit.limit == 0) {
//      tscDebug("0x%"PRIx64" slimit 0, no output result", pSql->self);
      pQueryInfo->command = TSDB_SQL_RETRIEVE_EMPTY_RESULT;
      return TSDB_CODE_SUCCESS;
    }
    
    // No tables included. No results generated. Query results are empty.
    if (pTableMetaInfo->vgroupList->numOfVgroups == 0) {
//      tscDebug("0x%"PRIx64" no table in super table, no output result", pSql->self);
      pQueryInfo->command = TSDB_SQL_RETRIEVE_EMPTY_RESULT;
      return TSDB_CODE_SUCCESS;
    }
  } else {
    if (pQueryInfo->slimit.limit != -1 || pQueryInfo->slimit.offset != 0) {
      return buildInvalidOperationMsg(pMsgBuf, msg1);
    }
  }
}

int32_t validateOrderbyNode(SQueryStmtInfo *pQueryInfo, SSqlNode* pSqlNode, SMsgBuf* pMsgBuf) {
  const char* msg1 = "invalid column name in orderby clause";
  const char* msg2 = "too many order by columns";
  const char* msg3 = "only one column allowed in orderby";
  const char* msg4 = "invalid order by column index";

  if (pSqlNode->pSortOrder == NULL) {
    return TSDB_CODE_SUCCESS;
  }

  pQueryInfo->order = taosArrayInit(4, sizeof(SOrder));

  STableMetaInfo* pTableMetaInfo = getMetaInfo(pQueryInfo, 0);
  SArray* pSortOrder = pSqlNode->pSortOrder;

  /*
   * for table query, there is only one or none order option is allowed, which is the
   * ts or values(top/bottom) order is supported.
   *
   * for super table query, the order option must be less than 3.
   */
  size_t size = taosArrayGetSize(pSortOrder);
  if ((UTIL_TABLE_IS_NORMAL_TABLE(pTableMetaInfo) || UTIL_TABLE_IS_SUPER_TABLE(pTableMetaInfo)) && (pQueryInfo->info.projectionQuery)) {
    if (size > 1) {
      return buildInvalidOperationMsg(pMsgBuf, msg3);
    }
  }

  // handle the first part of order by
  bool found = false;
  for(int32_t i = 0; i < taosArrayGetSize(pSortOrder); ++i) {
    SListItem* pItem = taosArrayGet(pSortOrder, i);

    SVariant* pVar = &pItem->pVar;
    if (pVar->nType == TSDB_DATA_TYPE_BINARY) {
      SOrder order = {0};

      // find the orde column among the result field.
      for (int32_t j = 0; j < getNumOfFields(&pQueryInfo->fieldsInfo); ++j) {
        SInternalField* pInfo = taosArrayGet(pQueryInfo->fieldsInfo.internalField, j);
        SSchema* pSchema = &pInfo->pExpr->base.resSchema;
        if (strcasecmp(pVar->pz, pSchema->name) == 0) {
          setColumn(&order.col, pTableMetaInfo->pTableMeta->uid, pTableMetaInfo->aliasName, TSDB_COL_TMP, pSchema);

          order.order = pItem->sortOrder;
          taosArrayPush(pQueryInfo->order, &order);
          found = true;
          break;
        }
      }

      if (!found) {
        return buildInvalidOperationMsg(pMsgBuf, "invalid order by column");
      }

    } else {  // order by [1|2|3]
      if (pVar->i > getNumOfFields(&pQueryInfo->fieldsInfo)) {
        return buildInvalidOperationMsg(pMsgBuf, msg4);
      }

      int32_t    index = pVar->i - 1;
      SExprInfo* pExprInfo = getExprInfo(pQueryInfo, index);

      SOrder c = {0};
      setColumn(&c.col, pTableMetaInfo->pTableMeta->uid, pTableMetaInfo->aliasName, TSDB_COL_TMP, &pExprInfo->base.resSchema);
      c.order = pItem->sortOrder;
      taosArrayPush(pQueryInfo->order, &c);
    }
  }

  return TSDB_CODE_SUCCESS;
}

#if 0
// set order by info
int32_t checkForInvalidOrderby(SQueryStmtInfo *pQueryInfo, SSqlNode* pSqlNode, SMsgBuf* pMsgBuf) {
  const char* msg0 = "only one column allowed in orderby";
  const char* msg1 = "invalid column name in orderby clause";
  const char* msg2 = "too many order by columns";
  const char* msg3 = "only primary timestamp/tbname/first tag in groupby clause allowed";
  const char* msg4 = "only tag in groupby clause allowed in order clause";
  const char* msg5 = "only primary timestamp/column in top/bottom function allowed as order column";
  const char* msg6 = "only primary timestamp allowed as the second order column";
  const char* msg7 = "only primary timestamp/column in groupby clause allowed as order column";
  const char* msg8 = "only column in groupby clause allowed as order column";
  const char* msg9 = "orderby column must projected in subquery";
  const char* msg10 = "not support distinct mixed with order by";

//  setDefaultOrderInfo(pQueryInfo);
  STableMetaInfo* pTableMetaInfo = getMetaInfo(pQueryInfo, 0);
  SSchema* pSchema = getTableColumnSchema(pTableMetaInfo->pTableMeta);
  int32_t numOfCols = getNumOfColumns(pTableMetaInfo->pTableMeta);

  if (pSqlNode->pSortOrder == NULL) {
    return TSDB_CODE_SUCCESS;
  }

  SArray* pSortOrder = pSqlNode->pSortOrder;

  /*
   * for table query, there is only one or none order option is allowed, which is the
   * ts or values(top/bottom) order is supported.
   *
   * for super table query, the order option must be less than 3.
   */
  size_t size = taosArrayGetSize(pSortOrder);
  if (UTIL_TABLE_IS_NORMAL_TABLE(pTableMetaInfo) || UTIL_TABLE_IS_TMP_TABLE(pTableMetaInfo)) {
    if (size > 1) {
      return buildInvalidOperationMsg(pMsgBuf, msg0);
    }
  } else {
    if (size > 2) {
      return buildInvalidOperationMsg(pMsgBuf, msg2);
    }
  }

#if 0
  if (size > 0 && pQueryInfo->distinct) {
    return buildInvalidOperationMsg(pMsgBuf, msg10);
  }
#endif

  // handle the first part of order by
  SVariant* pVar = taosArrayGet(pSortOrder, 0);

#if 0
  // e.g., order by 1 asc, return directly with out further check.
  if (pVar->nType >= TSDB_DATA_TYPE_TINYINT && pVar->nType <= TSDB_DATA_TYPE_BIGINT) {
    return TSDB_CODE_SUCCESS;
  }
#endif

  SToken columnName = {pVar->nLen, pVar->nType, pVar->pz};

  SColumnIndex index = COLUMN_INDEX_INITIALIZER;
  if (UTIL_TABLE_IS_SUPER_TABLE(pTableMetaInfo)) {  // super table query
    if (getColumnIndexByName(&columnName, pQueryInfo, &index, pMsgBuf) != TSDB_CODE_SUCCESS) {
      return buildInvalidOperationMsg(pMsgBuf, msg1);
    }

    bool orderByTags = false;
    bool orderByTS = false;
    bool orderByGroupbyCol = false;

    if (TSDB_COL_IS_TAG(index.type) && index.columnIndex != TSDB_TBNAME_COLUMN_INDEX) {
      // it is a tag column
      if (pQueryInfo->groupbyExpr.columnInfo == NULL) {
        return buildInvalidOperationMsg(pMsgBuf, msg4);
      }

      int32_t relTagIndex = index.columnIndex - numOfCols;
      SColIndex* pColIndex = taosArrayGet(pQueryInfo->groupbyExpr.columnInfo, 0);
      if (relTagIndex == pColIndex->colIndex) {
        orderByTags = true;
      }
    } else if (index.columnIndex == TSDB_TBNAME_COLUMN_INDEX) {
      orderByTags = true;
    }

    if (PRIMARYKEY_TIMESTAMP_COL_ID == index.columnIndex) {
      orderByTS = true;
    }

    SArray *columnInfo = pQueryInfo->groupbyExpr.columnInfo;
    if (columnInfo != NULL && taosArrayGetSize(columnInfo) > 0) {
      SColIndex* pColIndex = taosArrayGet(columnInfo, 0);
      if (PRIMARYKEY_TIMESTAMP_COL_ID != index.columnIndex && pColIndex->colIndex == index.columnIndex) {
        orderByGroupbyCol = true;
      }
    }

    if (!(orderByTags || orderByTS || orderByGroupbyCol) /*&& !isTopBottomQuery(pQueryInfo)*/) {
      return buildInvalidOperationMsg(pMsgBuf, msg3);
    } else {  // order by top/bottom result value column is not supported in case of interval query.
      assert(!(orderByTags && orderByTS && orderByGroupbyCol));
    }

    size_t s = taosArrayGetSize(pSortOrder);
    if (s == 1) {
      if (orderByTags) {
        pQueryInfo->groupbyExpr.orderIndex = index.columnIndex - numOfCols;

        SListItem* p1 = taosArrayGet(pSqlNode->pSortOrder, 0);
        pQueryInfo->groupbyExpr.orderType = p1->sortOrder;
      } else if (orderByGroupbyCol) {
        SListItem* p1 = taosArrayGet(pSqlNode->pSortOrder, 0);

        pQueryInfo->groupbyExpr.orderType = p1->sortOrder;
        pQueryInfo->order.orderColId = pSchema[index.columnIndex].colId;
      } else if (isTopBottomQuery(pQueryInfo)) {
        /* order of top/bottom query in interval is not valid  */
        int32_t pos = tscExprTopBottomIndex(pQueryInfo);
        assert(pos > 0);
        
        SExprInfo* pExpr = getExprInfo(pQueryInfo, pos - 1);
//        assert(getExprFunctionId(pExpr) == FUNCTION_TS);

        pExpr = getExprInfo(pQueryInfo, pos);

        // other tag are not allowed
        if (pExpr->base.pColumns->colIndex != index.columnIndex && index.columnIndex != PRIMARYKEY_TIMESTAMP_COL_ID) {
          return buildInvalidOperationMsg(pMsgBuf, msg5);
        }

        SListItem* p1 = taosArrayGet(pSqlNode->pSortOrder, 0);
        pQueryInfo->order.order = p1->sortOrder;
        pQueryInfo->order.orderColId = pSchema[index.columnIndex].colId;
        return TSDB_CODE_SUCCESS;
      } else {
        SListItem* p1 = taosArrayGet(pSqlNode->pSortOrder, 0);

        pQueryInfo->order.order = p1->sortOrder;
        pQueryInfo->order.orderColId = PRIMARYKEY_TIMESTAMP_COL_ID;

        // orderby ts query on super table
        if (tscOrderedProjectionQueryOnSTable(pQueryInfo, 0)) {
          bool found = false;
          for (int32_t i = 0; i < getNumOfExprs(pQueryInfo); ++i) {
            SExprInfo* pExpr = getExprInfo(pQueryInfo, i);
            if (getExprFunctionId(pExpr) == FUNCTION_PRJ && pExpr->base.pColumns->colId == PRIMARYKEY_TIMESTAMP_COL_ID) {
              found = true;
              break;
            }
          }

          if (!found && pQueryInfo->pDownstream) {
            return buildInvalidOperationMsg(pMsgBuf, msg9);
          }

          // this is a invisible output column, in order to used to sort the result.
          setTsOutputExprInfo(pQueryInfo, pTableMetaInfo, 0, index.tableIndex);
        }
      }
    } else {
      SListItem *pItem = taosArrayGet(pSqlNode->pSortOrder, 0);
      if (orderByTags) {
        pQueryInfo->groupbyExpr.orderIndex = index.columnIndex - numOfCols;
        pQueryInfo->groupbyExpr.orderType = pItem->sortOrder;
      } else if (orderByGroupbyCol) {
        pQueryInfo->order.order = pItem->sortOrder;
        pQueryInfo->order.orderColId = index.columnIndex;
      } else {
        pQueryInfo->order.order = pItem->sortOrder;
        pQueryInfo->order.orderColId = PRIMARYKEY_TIMESTAMP_COL_ID;
      }

      pItem = taosArrayGet(pSqlNode->pSortOrder, 1);
      SVariant* pVar2 = &pItem->pVar;
      SToken cname = {pVar2->nLen, pVar2->nType, pVar2->pz};
      if (getColumnIndexByName(&cname, pQueryInfo, &index, pMsgBuf) != TSDB_CODE_SUCCESS) {
        return buildInvalidOperationMsg(pMsgBuf, msg1);
      }

      if (index.columnIndex != PRIMARYKEY_TIMESTAMP_COL_ID) {
        return buildInvalidOperationMsg(pMsgBuf, msg6);
      } else {
        SListItem* p1 = taosArrayGet(pSortOrder, 1);
        pQueryInfo->order.order = p1->sortOrder;
        pQueryInfo->order.orderColId = PRIMARYKEY_TIMESTAMP_COL_ID;
      }
    }

  } else if (UTIL_TABLE_IS_NORMAL_TABLE(pTableMetaInfo) || UTIL_TABLE_IS_CHILD_TABLE(pTableMetaInfo)) { // check order by clause for normal table & temp table
    if (getColumnIndexByName(&columnName, pQueryInfo, &index, pMsgBuf) != TSDB_CODE_SUCCESS) {
      return buildInvalidOperationMsg(pMsgBuf, msg1);
    }

    if (index.columnIndex != PRIMARYKEY_TIMESTAMP_COL_ID && !isTopBottomQuery(pQueryInfo)) {
      bool validOrder = false;
      SArray *columnInfo = pQueryInfo->groupbyExpr.columnInfo;
      if (columnInfo != NULL && taosArrayGetSize(columnInfo) > 0) {
        SColIndex* pColIndex = taosArrayGet(columnInfo, 0);
        validOrder = (pColIndex->colIndex == index.columnIndex);
      }

      if (!validOrder) {
        return buildInvalidOperationMsg(pMsgBuf, msg7);
      }

      SListItem* p1 = taosArrayGet(pSqlNode->pSortOrder, 0);
      pQueryInfo->groupbyExpr.orderIndex = pSchema[index.columnIndex].colId;
      pQueryInfo->groupbyExpr.orderType = p1->sortOrder;
    }

    if (isTopBottomQuery(pQueryInfo)) {
      SArray *columnInfo = pQueryInfo->groupbyExpr.columnInfo;
      if (columnInfo != NULL && taosArrayGetSize(columnInfo) > 0) {
        SColIndex* pColIndex = taosArrayGet(columnInfo, 0);

        if (pColIndex->colIndex == index.columnIndex) {
          return buildInvalidOperationMsg(pMsgBuf, msg8);
        }
      } else {
        int32_t pos = tscExprTopBottomIndex(pQueryInfo);
        assert(pos > 0);
        SExprInfo* pExpr = getExprInfo(pQueryInfo, pos - 1);
        assert(getExprFunctionId(pExpr) == FUNCTION_TS);

        pExpr = getExprInfo(pQueryInfo, pos);

        if (pExpr->base.pColumns->colIndex != index.columnIndex && index.columnIndex != PRIMARYKEY_TIMESTAMP_COL_ID) {
          return buildInvalidOperationMsg(pMsgBuf, msg5);
        }
      }

      SListItem* pItem = taosArrayGet(pSqlNode->pSortOrder, 0);
      pQueryInfo->order.order = pItem->sortOrder;

      pQueryInfo->order.orderColId = pSchema[index.columnIndex].colId;
      return TSDB_CODE_SUCCESS;
    }

    SListItem* pItem = taosArrayGet(pSqlNode->pSortOrder, 0);
    pQueryInfo->order.order = pItem->sortOrder;
    pQueryInfo->order.orderColId = pSchema[index.columnIndex].colId;
  } else {
    // handle the temp table order by clause. You can order by any single column in case of the temp table, created by
    // inner subquery.
    assert(UTIL_TABLE_IS_TMP_TABLE(pTableMetaInfo) && taosArrayGetSize(pSqlNode->pSortOrder) == 1);

    if (getColumnIndexByName(&columnName, pQueryInfo, &index, pMsgBuf) != TSDB_CODE_SUCCESS) {
      return buildInvalidOperationMsg(pMsgBuf, msg1);
    }

    SListItem* pItem = taosArrayGet(pSqlNode->pSortOrder, 0);
    pQueryInfo->order.order = pItem->sortOrder;
    pQueryInfo->order.orderColId = pSchema[index.columnIndex].colId;
  }

  return TSDB_CODE_SUCCESS;
}
#endif

static int32_t checkFillQueryRange(SQueryStmtInfo* pQueryInfo, SMsgBuf* pMsgBuf) {
  const char* msg1 = "start(end) time of time range required or time range too large";

  if (pQueryInfo->interval.interval == 0) {
    return TSDB_CODE_SUCCESS;
  }

  // TODO disable this check temporarily
//  bool initialWindows = TSWINDOW_IS_EQUAL(pQueryInfo->window, TSWINDOW_INITIALIZER);
//  if (initialWindows) {
//    return buildInvalidOperationMsg(pMsgBuf, msg1);
//  }

  int64_t timeRange = ABS(pQueryInfo->window.skey - pQueryInfo->window.ekey);

  int64_t intervalRange = 0;
  if (!TIME_IS_VAR_DURATION(pQueryInfo->interval.intervalUnit)) {
    intervalRange = pQueryInfo->interval.interval;

    // number of result is not greater than 10,000,000
    if ((timeRange == 0) || (timeRange / intervalRange) >= MAX_INTERVAL_TIME_WINDOW) {
      return buildInvalidOperationMsg(pMsgBuf, msg1);
    }
  }

  return TSDB_CODE_SUCCESS;
}

int32_t validateFillNode(SQueryStmtInfo *pQueryInfo, SSqlNode* pSqlNode, SMsgBuf* pMsgBuf) {
  SArray* pFillToken = pSqlNode->fillType;
  if (pSqlNode->fillType == NULL) {
    return TSDB_CODE_SUCCESS;
  }

  SListItem* pItem = taosArrayGet(pFillToken, 0);

  const int32_t START_INTERPO_COL_IDX = 1;

  const char* msg1 = "value is expected";
  const char* msg2 = "invalid fill option";
  const char* msg4 = "illegal value or data overflow";
  const char* msg6 = "not supported function now";

  /*
   * fill options are set at the end position, when all columns are set properly
   * the columns may be increased due to group by operation
   */
  if (checkFillQueryRange(pQueryInfo, pMsgBuf) != TSDB_CODE_SUCCESS) {
    return TSDB_CODE_TSC_INVALID_OPERATION;
  }


  if (pItem->pVar.nType != TSDB_DATA_TYPE_BINARY) {
    return buildInvalidOperationMsg(pMsgBuf, msg2);
  }

  int32_t numOfFields = (int32_t) getNumOfFields(&pQueryInfo->fieldsInfo);

  pQueryInfo->fillVal = calloc(numOfFields, sizeof(int64_t));
  if (pQueryInfo->fillVal == NULL) {
    return TSDB_CODE_TSC_OUT_OF_MEMORY;
  }

  pQueryInfo->numOfFillVal = (int32_t)numOfFields;
  if (strncasecmp(pItem->pVar.pz, "none", 4) == 0 && pItem->pVar.nLen == 4) {
    pQueryInfo->fillType = TSDB_FILL_NONE;
  } else if (strncasecmp(pItem->pVar.pz, "null", 4) == 0 && pItem->pVar.nLen == 4) {
    pQueryInfo->fillType = TSDB_FILL_NULL;
    for (int32_t i = START_INTERPO_COL_IDX; i < numOfFields; ++i) {
      TAOS_FIELD* pField = &getInternalField(&pQueryInfo->fieldsInfo, i)->field;
      setNull((char*)&pQueryInfo->fillVal[i], pField->type, pField->bytes);
    }
  } else if (strncasecmp(pItem->pVar.pz, "prev", 4) == 0 && pItem->pVar.nLen == 4) {
    pQueryInfo->fillType = TSDB_FILL_PREV;
//    if (pQueryInfo->info.interpQuery && pQueryInfo->order.order == TSDB_ORDER_DESC) {
//      return buildInvalidOperationMsg(pMsgBuf, msg6);
//    }
  } else if (strncasecmp(pItem->pVar.pz, "next", 4) == 0 && pItem->pVar.nLen == 4) {
    pQueryInfo->fillType = TSDB_FILL_NEXT;
  } else if (strncasecmp(pItem->pVar.pz, "linear", 6) == 0 && pItem->pVar.nLen == 6) {
    pQueryInfo->fillType = TSDB_FILL_LINEAR;
  } else if (strncasecmp(pItem->pVar.pz, "value", 5) == 0 && pItem->pVar.nLen == 5) {
    pQueryInfo->fillType = TSDB_FILL_SET_VALUE;

    size_t num = taosArrayGetSize(pFillToken);
    if (num == 1) {  // no actual value, return with error code
      return buildInvalidOperationMsg(pMsgBuf, msg1);
    }

    int32_t startPos = 1;
    int32_t numOfFillVal = (int32_t)(num - 1);

    // for point interpolation query, we do not have the timestamp column
    if (pQueryInfo->info.interpQuery) {
      startPos = 0;
      if (numOfFillVal > numOfFields) {
        numOfFillVal = numOfFields;
      }
    } else {
      numOfFillVal = MIN(num, numOfFields);
    }

    int32_t j = 1;

    for (int32_t i = startPos; i < numOfFillVal; ++i, ++j) {
      TAOS_FIELD* pField = &getInternalField(&pQueryInfo->fieldsInfo, i)->field;
      if (pField->type == TSDB_DATA_TYPE_BINARY || pField->type == TSDB_DATA_TYPE_NCHAR) {
        setVardataNull((char*) &pQueryInfo->fillVal[i], pField->type);
        continue;
      }

      SVariant* p = taosArrayGet(pFillToken, j);
      int32_t ret = taosVariantDump(p, (char*)&pQueryInfo->fillVal[i], pField->type, true);
      if (ret != TSDB_CODE_SUCCESS) {
        return buildInvalidOperationMsg(pMsgBuf, msg4);
      }
    }

    if ((num < numOfFields) || ((num - 1 < numOfFields) && (pQueryInfo->info.interpQuery))) {
      SListItem* lastItem = taosArrayGetLast(pFillToken);

      for (int32_t i = numOfFillVal; i < numOfFields; ++i) {
        TAOS_FIELD* pField = &getInternalField(&pQueryInfo->fieldsInfo, i)->field;

        if (pField->type == TSDB_DATA_TYPE_BINARY || pField->type == TSDB_DATA_TYPE_NCHAR) {
          setVardataNull((char*) &pQueryInfo->fillVal[i], pField->type);
        } else {
          taosVariantDump(&lastItem->pVar, (char*)&pQueryInfo->fillVal[i], pField->type, true);
        }
      }
    }
  } else {
    return buildInvalidOperationMsg(pMsgBuf, msg2);
  }

  return TSDB_CODE_SUCCESS;
}

static void pushDownAggFuncExprInfo(SQueryStmtInfo* pQueryInfo);
static void addColumnNodeFromLowerLevel(SQueryStmtInfo* pQueryInfo);

int32_t validateSqlNode(SSqlNode* pSqlNode, SQueryStmtInfo* pQueryInfo, SMsgBuf* pMsgBuf) {
  assert(pSqlNode != NULL && (pSqlNode->from == NULL || taosArrayGetSize(pSqlNode->from->list) > 0));

  const char* msg1 = "point interpolation query needs timestamp";
  const char* msg2 = "too many tables in from clause";
  const char* msg3 = "start(end) time of query range required or time range too large";
  const char* msg4 = "interval query not supported, since the result of sub query not include valid timestamp column";
  const char* msg5 = "only tag query not compatible with normal column filter";
  const char* msg7 = "derivative/twa/irate requires timestamp column exists in subquery";
  const char* msg8 = "condition missing for join query";

  int32_t  code = TSDB_CODE_SUCCESS;

  /*
   * handle the sql expression without from subclause
   * select server_status();
   * select server_version();
   * select client_version();
   * select database();
   * select 1+2;
   * select now();
   */
  if (pSqlNode->from == NULL) {
    assert(pSqlNode->fillType == NULL && pSqlNode->pGroupby == NULL && pSqlNode->pWhere == NULL &&
           pSqlNode->pSortOrder == NULL);
    assert(0);
//    return doLocalQueryProcess(pCmd, pQueryInfo, pSqlNode);
  }

  if (pSqlNode->from->type == SQL_FROM_NODE_SUBQUERY) {
    pQueryInfo->numOfTables = 0;

    // parse the subquery in the first place
    int32_t numOfSub = (int32_t)taosArrayGetSize(pSqlNode->from->list);
    for (int32_t i = 0; i < numOfSub; ++i) {
      SRelElement* subInfo = taosArrayGet(pSqlNode->from->list, i);
      code = doValidateSubquery(pSqlNode, i, pQueryInfo, pMsgBuf);
      if (code != TSDB_CODE_SUCCESS) {
        return code;
      }
    }

    // parse the group by clause in the first place
    if (validateGroupbyNode(pQueryInfo, pSqlNode->pGroupby, pMsgBuf) != TSDB_CODE_SUCCESS) {
      return TSDB_CODE_TSC_INVALID_OPERATION;
    }

    if (validateSelectNodeList(pQueryInfo, pSqlNode->pSelNodeList, true, pMsgBuf) != TSDB_CODE_SUCCESS) {
      return TSDB_CODE_TSC_INVALID_OPERATION;
    }

    code = checkForUnsupportedQuery(pQueryInfo, pMsgBuf);

    STableMeta* pTableMeta = getMetaInfo(pQueryInfo, 0)->pTableMeta;
    SSchema*    pSchema = getOneColumnSchema(pTableMeta, 0);
    int32_t precision = pTableMeta->tableInfo.precision;

#if 0
    if (pSchema->type != TSDB_DATA_TYPE_TIMESTAMP) {
      int32_t numOfExprs = (int32_t)getNumOfExprs(pQueryInfo);

      for (int32_t i = 0; i < numOfExprs; ++i) {
        SExprInfo* pExpr = getExprInfo(pQueryInfo, i);

        int32_t f = pExpr->pExpr->_node.functionId;
        if (f == FUNCTION_DERIVATIVE || f == FUNCTION_TWA || f == FUNCTION_IRATE) {
          return buildInvalidOperationMsg(pMsgBuf, msg7);
        }
      }
    }
#endif

    // validate the query filter condition info
    if (pSqlNode->pWhere != NULL) {
      if (validateWhereNode(pQueryInfo, pSqlNode->pWhere, pMsgBuf) != TSDB_CODE_SUCCESS) {
        return TSDB_CODE_TSC_INVALID_OPERATION;
      }
    } else {
      if (pQueryInfo->numOfTables > 1) {
        return buildInvalidOperationMsg(pMsgBuf, msg8);
      }
    }

    // validate the interval info
    if (validateIntervalNode(pQueryInfo, pSqlNode, pMsgBuf) != TSDB_CODE_SUCCESS) {
      return TSDB_CODE_TSC_INVALID_OPERATION;
    } else {
      if (validateSessionNode(pQueryInfo, &pSqlNode->sessionVal, precision, pMsgBuf) != TSDB_CODE_SUCCESS) {
        return TSDB_CODE_TSC_INVALID_OPERATION;
      }

      // parse the window_state
      if (validateStateWindowNode(pQueryInfo, &pSqlNode->windowstateVal, pMsgBuf) != TSDB_CODE_SUCCESS) {
        return TSDB_CODE_TSC_INVALID_OPERATION;
      }
    }

    // parse the having clause in the first place
    int32_t joinQuery = (pSqlNode->from != NULL && taosArrayGetSize(pSqlNode->from->list) > 1);
    if (validateHavingNode(pQueryInfo, pSqlNode, pMsgBuf) != TSDB_CODE_SUCCESS) {
      return TSDB_CODE_TSC_INVALID_OPERATION;
    }

    if ((code = validateLimitNode(pQueryInfo, pSqlNode, pMsgBuf)) != TSDB_CODE_SUCCESS) {
      return code;
    }

    // set order by info
    if (validateOrderbyNode(pQueryInfo, pSqlNode, pMsgBuf) != TSDB_CODE_SUCCESS) {
      return TSDB_CODE_TSC_INVALID_OPERATION;
    }

    if ((code = validateFillNode(pQueryInfo, pSqlNode, pMsgBuf)) != TSDB_CODE_SUCCESS) {
      return code;
    }
  } else {
    pQueryInfo->command = TSDB_SQL_SELECT;
    if (taosArrayGetSize(pSqlNode->from->list) > TSDB_MAX_JOIN_TABLE_NUM) {
      return buildInvalidOperationMsg(pMsgBuf, msg2);
    }

    STableMetaInfo* pTableMetaInfo = getMetaInfo(pQueryInfo, 0);
    pQueryInfo->info.stableQuery = UTIL_TABLE_IS_SUPER_TABLE(pTableMetaInfo);

    int32_t precision = pTableMetaInfo->pTableMeta->tableInfo.precision;

    // parse the group by clause in the first place
    if (validateGroupbyNode(pQueryInfo, pSqlNode->pGroupby, pMsgBuf) != TSDB_CODE_SUCCESS) {
      return TSDB_CODE_TSC_INVALID_OPERATION;
    }

    // set where info
    if (pSqlNode->pWhere != NULL) {
      if (validateWhereNode(pQueryInfo, pSqlNode->pWhere, pMsgBuf) != TSDB_CODE_SUCCESS) {
        return TSDB_CODE_TSC_INVALID_OPERATION;
      }
    } else {
      if (taosArrayGetSize(pSqlNode->from->list) > 1) { // Cross join not allowed yet
        return buildInvalidOperationMsg(pMsgBuf, "cross join not supported yet");
      }
    }

    if (validateSelectNodeList(pQueryInfo, pSqlNode->pSelNodeList, false, pMsgBuf) != TSDB_CODE_SUCCESS) {
      return TSDB_CODE_TSC_INVALID_OPERATION;
    }

    // parse the window_state
    if (validateStateWindowNode(pQueryInfo, &pSqlNode->windowstateVal, pMsgBuf) != TSDB_CODE_SUCCESS) {
      return TSDB_CODE_TSC_INVALID_OPERATION;
    }

    // set interval value
    if (validateIntervalNode(pQueryInfo, pSqlNode, pMsgBuf) != TSDB_CODE_SUCCESS) {
      return TSDB_CODE_TSC_INVALID_OPERATION;
    }

    // parse the having clause in the first place
    if (validateHavingNode(pQueryInfo, pSqlNode, pMsgBuf) != TSDB_CODE_SUCCESS) {
      return TSDB_CODE_TSC_INVALID_OPERATION;
    }

    /*
     * transfer sql functions that need secondary merge into another format
     * in dealing with super table queries such as: count/first/last
     */
    if (validateSessionNode(pQueryInfo, &pSqlNode->sessionVal, precision, pMsgBuf) != TSDB_CODE_SUCCESS) {
      return TSDB_CODE_TSC_INVALID_OPERATION;
    }

    // no result due to invalid query time range
    if (pQueryInfo->window.skey > pQueryInfo->window.ekey) {
      pQueryInfo->command = TSDB_SQL_RETRIEVE_EMPTY_RESULT;
      return TSDB_CODE_SUCCESS;
    }

    // set order by info
    if (validateOrderbyNode(pQueryInfo, pSqlNode, pMsgBuf) != TSDB_CODE_SUCCESS) {
      return TSDB_CODE_TSC_INVALID_OPERATION;
    }

    if ((code = validateLimitNode(pQueryInfo, pSqlNode, pMsgBuf)) != TSDB_CODE_SUCCESS) {
      return code;
    }

    if ((code = validateFillNode(pQueryInfo, pSqlNode, pMsgBuf)) != TSDB_CODE_SUCCESS) {
      return code;
    }
  }

  pushDownAggFuncExprInfo(pQueryInfo);
//  addColumnNodeFromLowerLevel(pQueryInfo);

  for(int32_t i = 0; i < 1; ++i) {
    SArray* functionList = extractFunctionList(pQueryInfo->exprList[i]);
    extractFunctionDesc(functionList, &pQueryInfo->info);

    if ((code = checkForInvalidExpr(pQueryInfo, pMsgBuf)) != TSDB_CODE_SUCCESS) {
      return code;
    }
  }

  return TSDB_CODE_SUCCESS;  // Does not build query message here
}

static bool isTagOrPrimaryTs(SExprInfo* pExprInfo) {
  if (pExprInfo->pExpr->nodeType != TEXPR_COL_NODE) {
    return false;
  }

  assert(pExprInfo->base.pColumns->info.colId == pExprInfo->pExpr->pSchema->colId);
  return (TSDB_COL_IS_TAG(pExprInfo->base.pColumns->flag) || pExprInfo->pExpr->pSchema->colId == PRIMARYKEY_TIMESTAMP_COL_ID);
}

// todo extract the table column in expression

static bool isGroupbyCol(SExprInfo* pExprInfo, SGroupbyExpr* pGroupbyExpr) {
  assert(pExprInfo != NULL && pGroupbyExpr != NULL);

  int32_t nodeType = pExprInfo->pExpr->nodeType;
  assert(nodeType == TEXPR_COL_NODE || nodeType == TEXPR_BINARYEXPR_NODE);

  for(int32_t i = 0; i < taosArrayGetSize(pGroupbyExpr->columnInfo); ++i) {
    SColumn* pCol = taosArrayGet(pGroupbyExpr->columnInfo, i);
    if (pCol->info.colId == pExprInfo->pExpr->pSchema->colId) {
      return true;
    }
  }

  return false;
}

static bool isAllAggExpr(SArray* pList) {
  assert(pList != NULL);

  for (int32_t k = 0; k < taosArrayGetSize(pList); ++k) {
    SExprInfo* p = taosArrayGetP(pList, k);
    if (p->pExpr->nodeType != TEXPR_FUNCTION_NODE || !qIsAggregateFunction(p->pExpr->_function.functionName)) {
      return false;
    }
  }

  return true;
}

static bool isAllProjectExpr(SArray *pList) {
  assert(pList != NULL);

  for(int32_t i = 0; i < taosArrayGetSize(pList); ++i) {
    SExprInfo* p = taosArrayGetP(pList, i);
    if (p->pExpr->nodeType == TEXPR_FUNCTION_NODE && !qIsAggregateFunction(p->pExpr->_function.functionName)) {
      return false;
    }
  }

  return true;
}

static SExprInfo* createColumnNodeFromAggFunc(SSchema* pSchema);

static void pushDownAggFuncExprInfo(SQueryStmtInfo* pQueryInfo) {
  assert(pQueryInfo != NULL);

  size_t level = getExprFunctionLevel(pQueryInfo);
  for(int32_t i = 0; i < level - 1; ++i) {
    SArray* p = pQueryInfo->exprList[i];

    // If direct lower level expressions are all aggregate function, check if current function can be push down or not
    SArray* pNext = pQueryInfo->exprList[i + 1];
    if (!isAllAggExpr(pNext)) {
      continue;
    }

    for (int32_t j = 0; j < taosArrayGetSize(p); ++j) {
      SExprInfo* pExpr = taosArrayGetP(p, j);

      if (pExpr->pExpr->nodeType == TEXPR_FUNCTION_NODE && qIsAggregateFunction(pExpr->pExpr->_function.functionName)) {
        bool canPushDown = true;
        for (int32_t k = 0; k < taosArrayGetSize(pNext); ++k) {
          SExprInfo* pNextLevelExpr = taosArrayGetP(pNext, k);
          // pExpr depends on the output of the down level, so it can not be push downwards
          if (pExpr->base.pColumns->info.colId == pNextLevelExpr->base.resSchema.colId) {
            canPushDown = false;
            break;
          }
        }

        if (canPushDown) {
          taosArrayInsert(pNext, j, &pExpr);
          taosArrayRemove(p, j);

          // Add the project function of the current level, to output the calculated result
          SExprInfo* pNew = createColumnNodeFromAggFunc(&pExpr->base.resSchema);
          taosArrayInsert(p, j, &pNew);
        }
      }
    }
  }
}

// todo change the logic plan data
static void addColumnNodeFromLowerLevel(SQueryStmtInfo* pQueryInfo) {
  assert(pQueryInfo != NULL);

  size_t level = getExprFunctionLevel(pQueryInfo);
  for (int32_t i = 0; i < level - 1; ++i) {
    SArray* p = pQueryInfo->exprList[i];
    if (isAllAggExpr(p)) {
      continue;
    }

    // If direct lower level expressions are all aggregate function, check if current function can be push down or not
    SArray* pNext = pQueryInfo->exprList[i + 1];
    if (isAllAggExpr(pNext)) {
      continue;
    }

    for (int32_t j = 0; j < taosArrayGetSize(pNext); ++j) {
      SExprInfo* pExpr = taosArrayGetP(p, j);

      bool exists = false;
      for (int32_t k = 0; k < taosArrayGetSize(p); ++k) {
        SExprInfo* pNextLevelExpr = taosArrayGetP(pNext, k);
        // pExpr depends on the output of the down level, so it can not be push downwards
        if (pExpr->base.pColumns->info.colId == pNextLevelExpr->base.resSchema.colId) {
          exists = true;
          break;
        }
      }

      if (!exists) {
        SExprInfo* pNew = calloc(1, sizeof(SExprInfo));
        pNew->pExpr = exprdup(pExpr->pExpr);
        memcpy(&pNew->base, &pExpr->base, sizeof(SSqlExpr));

        int32_t pos = taosArrayGetSize(p);
        // Add the project function of the current level, to output the calculated result
        taosArrayInsert(p, pos - 1, &pExpr);
      }
    }
  }
}

int32_t checkForInvalidExpr(SQueryStmtInfo* pQueryInfo, SMsgBuf* pMsgBuf) {
  assert(pQueryInfo != NULL && pMsgBuf != NULL);

  const char* msg1 = "invalid query expression";
  const char* msg2 = "top/bottom query does not support order by value in time window query";
  const char* msg3 = "fill only available in time window query";
  const char* msg4 = "top/bottom not support fill";
  const char* msg5 = "scalar function can not be used in time window query";
  const char* msg6 = "not support distinct mixed with join";
  const char* msg7 = "not support distinct mixed with groupby";
  const char* msg8 = "block_dist not support subquery, only support stable/table";
  const char* msg9 = "time window aggregate can not be mixed up with group by column";

  if (pQueryInfo->info.topbotQuery) {

    // 1. invalid sql:
    // select top(col, k) from table_name [interval(1d)|session(ts, 1d)|statewindow(col)] order by k asc
    // order by normal column is not supported
    if (pQueryInfo->order != NULL) {
      size_t numOfOrder = taosArrayGetSize(pQueryInfo->order);
      if (numOfOrder > 1) {
        return buildInvalidOperationMsg(pMsgBuf, msg2);
      }

      if (numOfOrder > 0) {
        SColumn* pOrderCol = taosArrayGet(pQueryInfo->order, 0);
        if (pQueryInfo->info.timewindow && pOrderCol->info.colId != PRIMARYKEY_TIMESTAMP_COL_ID) {
          return buildInvalidOperationMsg(pMsgBuf, msg2);
        }
      }
    }

    // select top(col, k) from table_name interval(10s) fill(prev)
    // not support fill in top/bottom query.
    if (pQueryInfo->fillType != TSDB_FILL_NONE) {
      return buildInvalidOperationMsg(pMsgBuf, msg4);
    }

    // select top(col, k), count(*) from table_name
    size_t size = getNumOfExprs(pQueryInfo);
    for (int32_t i = 0; i < size; ++i) {
      SExprInfo* pExpr = getExprInfo(pQueryInfo, i);

      if (pExpr->pExpr->nodeType == TEXPR_COL_NODE) {
        if (!isTagOrPrimaryTs(pExpr) && !isGroupbyCol(pExpr, &pQueryInfo->groupbyExpr)) {
          return buildInvalidOperationMsg(pMsgBuf, "invalid expression in select clause");
        }

      } else if (pExpr->pExpr->nodeType == TEXPR_BINARYEXPR_NODE) {
        continue;
        // todo extract all column node in tree, and check for each node

        continue;
      }

      // dummy column is also the placeholder for primary timestamp column in the result.
      const char* functionName = pExpr->pExpr->_function.functionName;
      if (strcmp(functionName, "top") != 0 && strcmp(functionName, "bottom") != 0 && strcmp(functionName, "dummy") != 0) {
        if (qIsAggregateFunction(functionName)) {
          return buildInvalidOperationMsg(pMsgBuf, "invalid expression in select clause");
        }

        // the primary key is valid
        if (pExpr->pExpr->nodeType == TEXPR_COL_NODE) {
          if (pExpr->pExpr->pSchema->colId == PRIMARYKEY_TIMESTAMP_COL_ID) {
            continue;
          }
        }

        continue;
      }
    }
  }

  /*
   * 2. invalid sql:
   * select count(tbname)/count(tag1)/count(tag2) from super_table_name [interval(1d)|session(ts, 1d)|statewindow(col)];
   */
  if (pQueryInfo->info.timewindow) {
    size_t size = getNumOfExprs(pQueryInfo);
    for (int32_t i = 0; i < size; ++i) {
      SExprInfo* pExpr = getExprInfo(pQueryInfo, i);
      if (pExpr->pExpr->nodeType != TEXPR_FUNCTION_NODE) {
        continue;
      }

      int32_t functionId = getExprFunctionId(pExpr);
      if (functionId == FUNCTION_COUNT && TSDB_COL_IS_TAG(pExpr->base.pColumns->flag)) {
        return buildInvalidOperationMsg(pMsgBuf, msg1);
      }
    }
  }

  /*
   * 3. invalid sql:
   * select tbname, tags_fields from super_table_name [interval(1s)|session(ts,1s)|statewindow(col)]
   */
  if (pQueryInfo->info.onlyTagQuery && pQueryInfo->info.timewindow) {
    return buildInvalidOperationMsg(pMsgBuf, msg1);
  }

  /*
   * 4. invalid sql:
   * select * from table_name fill(prev|next|null|none)
   */
  if (!pQueryInfo->info.timewindow && !pQueryInfo->info.interpQuery && pQueryInfo->fillType != TSDB_FILL_NONE) {
    return buildInvalidOperationMsg(pMsgBuf, msg3);
  }

  /*
   * 5. invalid sql:
   * select diff(col)|derivative(col)|* from table_name interval(1s)|session(20s)|statewindow(col)
   * projection query not compatible with the time window query
   */
  if (pQueryInfo->info.timewindow && pQueryInfo->info.projectionQuery) {
    return buildInvalidOperationMsg(pMsgBuf, msg5);
  }

  /*
   * 6. invalid sql:
   * distinct + join not supported.
   * select distinct a,b from table1, table2 where table1.ts=table2.ts
   *
   * distinct + group by not supported:
   * select distinct count(a) from table_name group by col1;
   */
  if (pQueryInfo->info.distinct) {
    if (pQueryInfo->info.join) {
      return buildInvalidOperationMsg(pMsgBuf, msg6);
    }

    if (taosArrayGetSize(pQueryInfo->groupbyExpr.columnInfo) != 0) {
      return buildInvalidOperationMsg(pMsgBuf, msg7);
    }
  }

  /*
   * 7. invalid sql:
   * nested subquery not support block_dist query
   * select block_dist() from (select * from table_name)
   */

  /*
   * 8. invalid sql:
   * select count(*) from table_name [interval(10s)|session(ts, 10s)|state_window(col_name)] group by col_name
   */
  if ((pQueryInfo->info.timewindow || pQueryInfo->info.stateWindow || pQueryInfo->info.sessionWindow) &&
      pQueryInfo->info.groupbyColumn) {
    return buildInvalidOperationMsg(pMsgBuf, msg9);
  }

  /*
   * 9. invalid sql:
   * select count(*), col_name from table_name
   */
  if (pQueryInfo->info.agg) {
    bool isSelectivity = false;

    if (pQueryInfo->info.projectionQuery) {
      size_t size = getNumOfExprs(pQueryInfo);
      for (int32_t i = 0; i < size; ++i) {
        SExprInfo* pExpr = getExprInfo(pQueryInfo, i);
        if (pExpr->pExpr->nodeType == TEXPR_FUNCTION_NODE) {
          if (!isSelectivity) {
            isSelectivity = qIsSelectivityFunction(pExpr->pExpr->_function.functionName);
          }
          continue;
        }

        if (isSelectivity && isTagOrPrimaryTs(pExpr)) {
          continue;
        }

        if (!isGroupbyCol(pExpr, &pQueryInfo->groupbyExpr)) {
          return buildInvalidOperationMsg(pMsgBuf, "invalid expression in select");
        }
      }
    }
  }
}

int32_t addResColumnInfo(SQueryStmtInfo* pQueryInfo, int32_t outputIndex, SSchema* pSchema, SExprInfo* pSqlExpr) {
  SInternalField* pInfo = insertFieldInfo(&pQueryInfo->fieldsInfo, outputIndex, pSchema);
  pInfo->pExpr = pSqlExpr;
  return TSDB_CODE_SUCCESS;
}

void setResultColName(char* name, tSqlExprItem* pItem, SToken* pToken, SToken* functionToken, bool multiCols) {
  if (pItem->aliasName != NULL) {
    tstrncpy(name, pItem->aliasName, TSDB_COL_NAME_LEN);
  } else if (multiCols) {
    char uname[TSDB_COL_NAME_LEN] = {0};
    int32_t len = MIN(pToken->n + 1, TSDB_COL_NAME_LEN);
    tstrncpy(uname, pToken->z, len);

    if (tsKeepOriginalColumnName) { // keep the original column name
      tstrncpy(name, uname, TSDB_COL_NAME_LEN);
    } else {
      const int32_t size = TSDB_COL_NAME_LEN + FUNCTIONS_NAME_MAX_LENGTH + 2 + 1;
      char tmp[TSDB_COL_NAME_LEN + FUNCTIONS_NAME_MAX_LENGTH + 2 + 1] = {0};

      char f[FUNCTIONS_NAME_MAX_LENGTH] = {0};
      strncpy(f, functionToken->z, functionToken->n);

      snprintf(tmp, size, "%s(%s)", f, uname);
      tstrncpy(name, tmp, TSDB_COL_NAME_LEN);
    }
  } else  { // use the user-input result column name
    int32_t len = MIN(pItem->pNode->exprToken.n + 1, TSDB_COL_NAME_LEN);
    tstrncpy(name, pItem->pNode->exprToken.z, len);
  }
}

SExprInfo* doAddOneExprInfo(SQueryStmtInfo* pQueryInfo, const char* funcName, SSourceParam* pSourceParam, int32_t outputIndex,
                           STableMetaInfo* pTableMetaInfo, SSchema* pResultSchema, int32_t interSize, const char* token, bool finalResult) {
  SExprInfo* pExpr = createExprInfo(pTableMetaInfo, funcName, pSourceParam, pResultSchema, interSize);
  tstrncpy(pExpr->base.token, token, sizeof(pExpr->base.token));

  SArray* pExprList = getCurrentExprList(pQueryInfo);
  addExprInfo(pExprList, outputIndex, pExpr, pQueryInfo->exprListLevelIndex);

  uint64_t uid = pTableMetaInfo->pTableMeta->uid;

  if (pSourceParam->pColumnList != NULL) {
    SColumn* pCol = taosArrayGetP(pSourceParam->pColumnList, 0);

    if (TSDB_COL_IS_TAG(pCol->flag) || TSDB_COL_IS_NORMAL_COL(pCol->flag)) {
      SArray* p = TSDB_COL_IS_TAG(pCol->flag) ? pTableMetaInfo->tagColList : pQueryInfo->colList;

      for (int32_t i = 0; i < pSourceParam->num; ++i) {
        SColumn* pColumn = taosArrayGetP(pSourceParam->pColumnList, i);
        SSchema s = createSchema(pColumn->info.type, pColumn->info.bytes, pColumn->info.colId, pColumn->name) ;
        columnListInsert(p, uid, &s, pCol->flag);
      }
    }

    if (TSDB_COL_IS_NORMAL_COL(pCol->flag)) {
      char* colName = pTableMetaInfo->pTableMeta->schema[0].name;
      insertPrimaryTsColumn(pQueryInfo->colList, colName, uid);
    }
  }

  if (finalResult) {
    addResColumnInfo(pQueryInfo, outputIndex, pResultSchema, pExpr);
  }

  return pExpr;
}

static void extractFunctionName(char* name, const tSqlExprItem* pItem) {
  assert(pItem != NULL);
  SToken* funcToken = &pItem->pNode->Expr.operand;
  memcpy(name, funcToken->z, funcToken->n);
}

static int32_t addOneExprInfo(SQueryStmtInfo* pQueryInfo, tSqlExprItem* pItem, int32_t functionId, int32_t outputIndex, SSchema* pSchema, SColumnIndex* pColIndex, tExprNode* pNode, bool finalResult, SMsgBuf* pMsgBuf) {
  const char* msg1 = "not support column types";
  if (functionId == FUNCTION_SPREAD) {
    if (IS_VAR_DATA_TYPE(pSchema->type) || pSchema->type == TSDB_DATA_TYPE_BOOL) {
      return buildInvalidOperationMsg(pMsgBuf, msg1);
    }
  }

  char name[TSDB_COL_NAME_LEN] = {0};
  SToken t = {.z = pSchema->name, .n = (uint32_t)strnlen(pSchema->name, TSDB_COL_NAME_LEN)};
  setResultColName(name, pItem, &t, &pItem->pNode->Expr.operand, true);

  SResultDataInfo resInfo = {0};
  getResultDataInfo(pSchema->type, pSchema->bytes, functionId, 0, &resInfo, 0, false);

  SSchema resultSchema = createSchema(resInfo.type, resInfo.bytes, getNewResColId(), name);

  STableMetaInfo* pTableMetaInfo = getMetaInfo(pQueryInfo, pColIndex->tableIndex);
  SColumn c = createColumn(pTableMetaInfo->pTableMeta->uid, pTableMetaInfo->aliasName, pColIndex->type, pSchema);

  SSourceParam param = {0};
  addIntoSourceParam(&param, pNode, &c);

  char fname[FUNCTIONS_NAME_MAX_LENGTH] = {0};
  extractFunctionName(fname, pItem);
  doAddOneExprInfo(pQueryInfo, fname, &param, outputIndex, pTableMetaInfo, &resultSchema, resInfo.intermediateBytes, name, finalResult);

  return TSDB_CODE_SUCCESS;
}

static int32_t checkForAliasName(SMsgBuf* pMsgBuf, char* aliasName) {
  const char* msg1 = "column alias name too long";
  if (aliasName != NULL && strlen(aliasName) >= TSDB_COL_NAME_LEN) {
    return buildInvalidOperationMsg(pMsgBuf, msg1);
  }

  return TSDB_CODE_SUCCESS;
}

static int32_t sqlExprToExprNode(tExprNode **pExpr, const tSqlExpr* pSqlExpr, SQueryStmtInfo* pQueryInfo, SArray* pCols, bool* keepTableCols, SMsgBuf* pMsgBuf);

static int64_t getTickPerSecond(SVariant* pVariant, int32_t precision, int64_t* tickPerSec, SMsgBuf *pMsgBuf) {
  const char* msg10 = "derivative duration should be greater than 1 Second";

  if (taosVariantDump(pVariant, (char*) tickPerSec, TSDB_DATA_TYPE_BIGINT, true) < 0) {
    return TSDB_CODE_TSC_INVALID_OPERATION;
  }

  if (precision == TSDB_TIME_PRECISION_MILLI) {
    *tickPerSec /= TSDB_TICK_PER_SECOND(TSDB_TIME_PRECISION_MICRO);
  } else if (precision == TSDB_TIME_PRECISION_MICRO) {
    *tickPerSec /= TSDB_TICK_PER_SECOND(TSDB_TIME_PRECISION_MILLI);
  }

  if (*tickPerSec <= 0 || *tickPerSec < TSDB_TICK_PER_SECOND(precision)) {
    return buildInvalidOperationMsg(pMsgBuf, msg10);
  }

  return TSDB_CODE_SUCCESS;
}

// set the first column ts for top/bottom query
static void setTsOutputExprInfo(SQueryStmtInfo* pQueryInfo, STableMetaInfo* pTableMetaInfo, int32_t outputIndex, int32_t tableIndex) {
  SColumnIndex indexTS = {.tableIndex = tableIndex, .columnIndex = PRIMARYKEY_TIMESTAMP_COL_ID, .type = TSDB_COL_NORMAL};
  SSchema s = createSchema(TSDB_DATA_TYPE_TIMESTAMP, TSDB_KEYSIZE, getNewResColId(), "ts");

  SColumn col = createColumn(pTableMetaInfo->pTableMeta->uid, pTableMetaInfo->aliasName, TSDB_COL_NORMAL, &s);

  SSourceParam param = {0};
  addIntoSourceParam(&param, NULL, &col);

  SExprInfo* pExpr = createExprInfo(pTableMetaInfo, "dummy", &param, &s, TSDB_KEYSIZE);
  strncpy(pExpr->base.token, "ts", tListLen(pExpr->base.token));

  SArray* pExprList = getCurrentExprList(pQueryInfo);
  addExprInfo(pExprList, outputIndex, pExpr, pQueryInfo->exprListLevelIndex);

  SSchema* pSourceSchema = getOneColumnSchema(pTableMetaInfo->pTableMeta, indexTS.columnIndex);
  columnListInsert(pQueryInfo->colList, pTableMetaInfo->pTableMeta->uid, pSourceSchema, TSDB_COL_NORMAL);
  addResColumnInfo(pQueryInfo, outputIndex, &pExpr->base.resSchema, pExpr);
}

static int32_t setColumnIndex(SQueryStmtInfo* pQueryInfo, SArray* pParamList, SColumnIndex* index, SSchema* columnSchema, tExprNode** pNode, SMsgBuf* pMsgBuf) {
  const char* msg1 = "illegal column name";
  const char* msg2 = "invalid table name";

  STableMeta* pTableMeta = getMetaInfo(pQueryInfo, 0)->pTableMeta;
  if (pParamList == NULL) {
    // count(*) is equalled to count(primary_timestamp_key)
    *index = (SColumnIndex) {0, PRIMARYKEY_TIMESTAMP_COL_ID, false};
    *columnSchema = *(SSchema*) getOneColumnSchema(pTableMeta, index->columnIndex);
  } else {
    tSqlExprItem* pParamElem = taosArrayGet(pParamList, 0);

    SToken* pToken = &pParamElem->pNode->columnName;
    int16_t tokenId = pParamElem->pNode->tokenId;

    // select count(table.*), select count(1), count(2)
    if (tokenId == TK_ALL || tokenId == TK_INTEGER || tokenId == TK_FLOAT) {
      // check if the table name is valid or not
      SToken tmpToken = pParamElem->pNode->columnName;
      if (getTableIndexByName(&tmpToken, pQueryInfo, index) != TSDB_CODE_SUCCESS) {
        return buildInvalidOperationMsg(pMsgBuf, msg2);
      }

      *index = (SColumnIndex) {0, PRIMARYKEY_TIMESTAMP_COL_ID, false};
      *columnSchema = *(SSchema*) getOneColumnSchema(pTableMeta, index->columnIndex);
    } else if (pToken->z != NULL && pToken->n > 0) {
      // count the number of table created according to the super table
      if (getColumnIndexByName(pToken, pQueryInfo, index, pMsgBuf) != TSDB_CODE_SUCCESS) {
        return buildInvalidOperationMsg(pMsgBuf, msg1);
      }

      *columnSchema = *(SSchema*) getOneColumnSchema(pTableMeta, index->columnIndex);
    } else {
      STableMetaInfo* pTableMetaInfo = NULL;
      int32_t code = extractFunctionParameterInfo(pQueryInfo, tokenId, &pTableMetaInfo, columnSchema, pNode, index, pParamElem, pMsgBuf);
      if (code != TSDB_CODE_SUCCESS) {
        return buildInvalidOperationMsg(pMsgBuf, msg1);
      }
    }
  }

  return TSDB_CODE_SUCCESS;
}

static int32_t doAddAllColumnExprInSelectClause(SQueryStmtInfo *pQueryInfo, STableMetaInfo* pTableMetaInfo, tSqlExprItem* pItem, int32_t functionId,
    int32_t tableIndex, int32_t* colIndex, bool finalResult, SMsgBuf* pMsgBuf) {
  STableMeta* pTableMeta = pTableMetaInfo->pTableMeta;
  for (int32_t i = 0; i < getNumOfColumns(pTableMeta); ++i) {
    SColumnIndex index = {.tableIndex = tableIndex, .columnIndex = i, .type = TSDB_COL_NORMAL};

    SSchema* pSchema = getOneColumnSchema(pTableMeta, i);
    if (addOneExprInfo(pQueryInfo, pItem, functionId, *colIndex, pSchema, &index, NULL, finalResult, pMsgBuf) != 0) {
      return TSDB_CODE_TSC_INVALID_OPERATION;
    }

    (*colIndex)++;
  }
}

static int32_t doHandleOneParam(SQueryStmtInfo *pQueryInfo, tSqlExprItem* pItem, tSqlExprItem* pParamElem, int32_t functionId,
    int32_t* outputIndex, bool finalResult, SMsgBuf* pMsgBuf) {
  const char* msg3 = "illegal column name";
  const char* msg4 = "invalid table name";
  const char* msg6 = "functions applied to tags are not allowed";

  SColumnIndex index = COLUMN_INDEX_INITIALIZER;

  if (pParamElem->pNode->tokenId == TK_ALL) { // select table.*
    SToken tmpToken = pParamElem->pNode->columnName;

    if (getTableIndexByName(&tmpToken, pQueryInfo, &index) != TSDB_CODE_SUCCESS) {
      return buildInvalidOperationMsg(pMsgBuf, msg4);
    }

    STableMetaInfo* pTableMetaInfo = getMetaInfo(pQueryInfo, index.tableIndex);
    doAddAllColumnExprInSelectClause(pQueryInfo, pTableMetaInfo, pItem, functionId, index.tableIndex, outputIndex, finalResult, pMsgBuf);
  } else {
    tExprNode* pNode = NULL;
    int32_t tokenId = pParamElem->pNode->tokenId;
    SSchema columnSchema = {0};
    STableMetaInfo* pTableMetaInfo = {0};

    int32_t code = extractFunctionParameterInfo(pQueryInfo, tokenId, &pTableMetaInfo, &columnSchema, &pNode, &index, pParamElem, pMsgBuf);

    if (code != TSDB_CODE_SUCCESS) {
      return buildInvalidOperationMsg(pMsgBuf, msg3);
    }

    // functions can not be applied to tags
    if (TSDB_COL_IS_TAG(index.type) && (functionId == FUNCTION_INTERP || functionId == FUNCTION_SPREAD)) {
      return buildInvalidOperationMsg(pMsgBuf, msg6);
    }

    if (addOneExprInfo(pQueryInfo, pItem, functionId, (*outputIndex)++, &columnSchema, &index, pNode, finalResult, pMsgBuf) != 0) {
      return TSDB_CODE_TSC_INVALID_OPERATION;
    }
  }
}

static int32_t multiColumnListInsert(SQueryStmtInfo* pQueryInfo, SArray* pColumnList, SMsgBuf* pMsgBuf);
static int32_t addScalarExprAndResColumn(SQueryStmtInfo* pQueryInfo, int32_t exprIndex, tSqlExprItem* pItem, SMsgBuf* pMsgBuf);

int32_t extractFunctionParameterInfo(SQueryStmtInfo* pQueryInfo, int32_t tokenId, STableMetaInfo** pTableMetaInfo,
                                     SSchema* columnSchema, tExprNode** pNode, SColumnIndex* pIndex,
                                     tSqlExprItem* pParamElem, SMsgBuf* pMsgBuf) {
  const char* msg1 = "not support column types";
  const char* msg2 = "invalid parameters";
  const char* msg3 = "illegal column name";
  const char* msg4 = "nested function is not supported";
  const char* msg5 = "functions applied to tags are not allowed";
  const char* msg6 = "aggregate function can not be nested in aggregate function";
  const char* msg7 = "invalid function name";

  pQueryInfo->exprListLevelIndex += 1;

  if (tokenId == TK_ALL || tokenId == TK_ID) {  // simple parameter
    // simple parameter or nested function
    // It is a parameter of a aggregate function, so it can not be still a aggregate function.
    // E.g., the sql statement of "select count(count(*)) from table_name" is invalid.
    tSqlExpr* pSqlExpr = pParamElem->pNode;
    if (pParamElem->pNode->type == SQL_NODE_SQLFUNCTION) {
      bool scalarFunc = false;
      pParamElem->functionId = qIsBuiltinFunction(pSqlExpr->Expr.operand.z, pSqlExpr->Expr.operand.n, &scalarFunc);
      if (pParamElem->functionId == FUNCTION_INVALID_ID) {
        return buildInvalidOperationMsg(pMsgBuf, msg7);
      }

      if (!scalarFunc) {
        return buildInvalidOperationMsg(pMsgBuf, msg6);
      }

      SArray* pExprList = getCurrentExprList(pQueryInfo);
      size_t n = taosArrayGetSize(pExprList);

      // todo extract the table uid
      pIndex->tableIndex = 0;
      int32_t code = addScalarExprAndResColumn(pQueryInfo, n, pParamElem, pMsgBuf);
      if (code != TSDB_CODE_SUCCESS) {
        return code;
      }

      SExprInfo** pLastExpr = taosArrayGetLast(pExprList);
      *pNode = (*pLastExpr)->pExpr;
      *(SSchema*)  columnSchema = (*pLastExpr)->base.resSchema;
      *pTableMetaInfo = getMetaInfo(pQueryInfo, 0);
    } else {
      if ((getColumnIndexByName(&pParamElem->pNode->columnName, pQueryInfo, pIndex, pMsgBuf) != TSDB_CODE_SUCCESS)) {
        return buildInvalidOperationMsg(pMsgBuf, msg3);
      }

      // functions can not be applied to tags
      if (TSDB_COL_IS_TAG(pIndex->type)) {
        return buildInvalidOperationMsg(pMsgBuf, msg5);
      }

      // 2. check if sql function can be applied on this column data type
      *pTableMetaInfo = getMetaInfo(pQueryInfo, pIndex->tableIndex);
      *columnSchema = *(SSchema*)getOneColumnSchema((*pTableMetaInfo)->pTableMeta, pIndex->columnIndex);
    }
  } else if (tokenId == TK_PLUS || tokenId == TK_MINUS || tokenId == TK_STAR || tokenId == TK_REM || tokenId == TK_DIVIDE || tokenId == TK_CONCAT) {
    pIndex->tableIndex = 0; // todo set the correct table index
    pIndex->type = TSDB_COL_TMP;  // It is a temporary column generated by arithmetic expression.

    SArray* pExprList = getCurrentExprList(pQueryInfo);
    size_t n = taosArrayGetSize(pExprList);
    int32_t code = addScalarExprAndResColumn(pQueryInfo, n, pParamElem, pMsgBuf);
    if (code != TSDB_CODE_SUCCESS) {
      return code;
    }

    SExprInfo** pLastExpr = taosArrayGetLast(getCurrentExprList(pQueryInfo));
    *pNode = (*pLastExpr)->pExpr;
    *(SSchema*)  columnSchema = (*pLastExpr)->base.resSchema;
    *pTableMetaInfo = getMetaInfo(pQueryInfo, 0);
  } else {
    assert(0);
  }

  pQueryInfo->exprListLevelIndex -= 1;
  return TSDB_CODE_SUCCESS;
}

static int32_t checkForkParam(tSqlExpr* pSqlExpr, size_t k, SMsgBuf* pMsgBuf) {
  const char* msg1 = "invalid parameters";

  SArray* pParamList = pSqlExpr->Expr.paramList;

  if (k == 0) {
    if (pParamList != NULL && taosArrayGetSize(pParamList) != 0) {
      return buildInvalidOperationMsg(pMsgBuf, msg1);
    }
  } else if (k == 1) {
    if (!(pParamList == NULL || taosArrayGetSize(pParamList) == k)) {
      return buildInvalidOperationMsg(pMsgBuf, msg1);;
    }
  } else {
    if (pParamList != NULL && taosArrayGetSize(pParamList) != k) {
      return buildInvalidOperationMsg(pMsgBuf, msg1);
    }
  }
  return TSDB_CODE_SUCCESS;
}

int32_t addAggExprAndResColumn(SQueryStmtInfo* pQueryInfo, int32_t colIndex, tSqlExprItem* pItem, bool finalResult, SMsgBuf* pMsgBuf) {
  STableMetaInfo* pTableMetaInfo = NULL;
  int32_t functionId = pItem->functionId;
  int32_t code = TSDB_CODE_SUCCESS;

  const char* msg1 = "not support column types";
  const char* msg2 = "invalid parameters";
  const char* msg3 = "illegal column name";
  const char* msg4 = "invalid table name";
  const char* msg5 = "parameter is out of range [0, 100]";
  const char* msg6 = "functions applied to tags are not allowed";
  const char* msg7 = "normal table can not apply this function";
  const char* msg8 = "multi-columns selection does not support alias column name";
  const char* msg9 = "diff/derivative can no be applied to unsigned numeric type";
  const char* msg10 = "derivative duration should be greater than 1 Second";
  const char* msg11 = "third parameter in derivative should be 0 or 1";
  const char* msg12 = "parameter is out of range [1, 100]";
  const char* msg13 = "nested function is not supported";

  if (checkForAliasName(pMsgBuf, pItem->aliasName) != TSDB_CODE_SUCCESS) {
    return TSDB_CODE_TSC_INVALID_OPERATION;
  }

  switch (functionId) {
    case FUNCTION_COUNT: {
      // more than one parameter for count() function
      SArray* pParamList = pItem->pNode->Expr.paramList;
      if ((code = checkForkParam(pItem->pNode, 1, pMsgBuf)) != TSDB_CODE_SUCCESS) {
        return code;
      }

      tExprNode* pNode = NULL;
      SColumnIndex index = COLUMN_INDEX_INITIALIZER;
      SSchema columnSchema = {0};

      code = setColumnIndex(pQueryInfo, pParamList, &index, &columnSchema, &pNode, pMsgBuf);
      if (code != TSDB_CODE_SUCCESS) {
        return code;
      }

      int32_t size = tDataTypes[TSDB_DATA_TYPE_BIGINT].bytes;
      SSchema s = createSchema(TSDB_DATA_TYPE_BIGINT, size, getNewResColId(), "");

      char token[TSDB_COL_NAME_LEN] = {0};
      setTokenAndResColumnName(pItem, s.name, token,sizeof(s.name) - 1);

      pTableMetaInfo = getMetaInfo(pQueryInfo, index.tableIndex);
      SColumn c = createColumn(pTableMetaInfo->pTableMeta->uid, pTableMetaInfo->aliasName, index.type, &columnSchema);

      SSourceParam param = {0};
      addIntoSourceParam(&param, pNode, &c);

      int32_t outputIndex = getNumOfFields(&pQueryInfo->fieldsInfo);

      char fname[FUNCTIONS_NAME_MAX_LENGTH] = {0};
      extractFunctionName(fname, pItem);
      doAddOneExprInfo(pQueryInfo, fname, &param, outputIndex, pTableMetaInfo, &s, size, token, finalResult);
      return TSDB_CODE_SUCCESS;
    }

    case FUNCTION_SUM:
    case FUNCTION_AVG:
    case FUNCTION_RATE:
    case FUNCTION_IRATE:
    case FUNCTION_TWA:
    case FUNCTION_MIN:
    case FUNCTION_MAX:
    case FUNCTION_DIFF:
    case FUNCTION_DERIVATIVE:
    case FUNCTION_STDDEV:
    case FUNCTION_LEASTSQR: {
      // 1. valid the number of parameters
      int32_t numOfParams = (pItem->pNode->Expr.paramList == NULL)? 0: (int32_t) taosArrayGetSize(pItem->pNode->Expr.paramList);

      // no parameters or more than one parameter for function
      if (pItem->pNode->Expr.paramList == NULL ||
          (functionId != FUNCTION_LEASTSQR && functionId != FUNCTION_DERIVATIVE && numOfParams != 1) ||
          ((functionId == FUNCTION_LEASTSQR || functionId == FUNCTION_DERIVATIVE) && numOfParams != 3)) {
        return buildInvalidOperationMsg(pMsgBuf, msg2);
      }

      tSqlExprItem* pParamElem = taosArrayGet(pItem->pNode->Expr.paramList, 0);

      tExprNode* pNode     = NULL;
      int32_t tokenId      = pParamElem->pNode->tokenId;
      SColumnIndex index   = COLUMN_INDEX_INITIALIZER;
      SSchema columnSchema = {0};
      code = extractFunctionParameterInfo(pQueryInfo, tokenId, &pTableMetaInfo, &columnSchema, &pNode, &index, pParamElem, pMsgBuf);

      if (code != TSDB_CODE_SUCCESS) {
        return code;
      }
      
      if (tokenId == TK_ALL || tokenId == TK_ID) {
        if (!IS_NUMERIC_TYPE(columnSchema.type)) {
          return buildInvalidOperationMsg(pMsgBuf, msg1);
        } else if (IS_UNSIGNED_NUMERIC_TYPE(columnSchema.type) && (functionId == FUNCTION_DIFF || functionId == FUNCTION_DERIVATIVE)) {
          return buildInvalidOperationMsg(pMsgBuf, msg9);
        }
      }

      int32_t precision = pTableMetaInfo->pTableMeta->tableInfo.precision;

      SResultDataInfo resInfo = {0};
      if (getResultDataInfo(columnSchema.type, columnSchema.bytes, functionId, 0, &resInfo, 0, false) != TSDB_CODE_SUCCESS) {
        return TSDB_CODE_TSC_INVALID_OPERATION;
      }

      // set the first column ts for diff query
      int32_t numOfOutput = getNumOfFields(&pQueryInfo->fieldsInfo);
      if (functionId == FUNCTION_DIFF || functionId == FUNCTION_DERIVATIVE) {
        setTsOutputExprInfo(pQueryInfo, pTableMetaInfo, numOfOutput, index.tableIndex);
        numOfOutput += 1;
      }

      SSchema s = createSchema(resInfo.type, resInfo.bytes, getNewResColId(), "ts");

      char token[TSDB_COL_NAME_LEN] = {0};
      setTokenAndResColumnName(pItem, s.name, token, sizeof(s.name) - 1);

      SColumn c = createColumn(pTableMetaInfo->pTableMeta->uid, pTableMetaInfo->aliasName, index.type, &columnSchema);

      SSourceParam param = {0};
      addIntoSourceParam(&param, pNode, &c);

      char funcName[FUNCTIONS_NAME_MAX_LENGTH] = {0};
      extractFunctionName(funcName, pItem);

      SExprInfo* pExpr = doAddOneExprInfo(pQueryInfo, funcName, &param, numOfOutput, pTableMetaInfo, &s, resInfo.intermediateBytes, token, finalResult);
      if (functionId == FUNCTION_LEASTSQR) { // set the leastsquares parameters
        char val[8] = {0};
        if (taosVariantDump(&pParamElem[1].pNode->value, val, TSDB_DATA_TYPE_DOUBLE, true) < 0) {
          return TSDB_CODE_TSC_INVALID_OPERATION;
        }

        addExprInfoParam(&pExpr->base, val, TSDB_DATA_TYPE_DOUBLE, DOUBLE_BYTES);

        memset(val, 0, tListLen(val));
        if (taosVariantDump(&pParamElem[2].pNode->value, val, TSDB_DATA_TYPE_DOUBLE, true) < 0) {
          return TSDB_CODE_TSC_INVALID_OPERATION;
        }

        addExprInfoParam(&pExpr->base, val, TSDB_DATA_TYPE_DOUBLE, DOUBLE_BYTES);
      } else if (functionId == FUNCTION_IRATE) {
        addExprInfoParam(&pExpr->base, (char*) &precision, TSDB_DATA_TYPE_BIGINT, LONG_BYTES);
      } else if (functionId == FUNCTION_DERIVATIVE) {
        char val[8] = {0};

        int64_t tickPerSec = 0;
        code = getTickPerSecond(&pParamElem[1].pNode->value, precision, &tickPerSec, pMsgBuf);
        if (code != TSDB_CODE_SUCCESS) {
          return code;
        }

        addExprInfoParam(&pExpr->base, (char*) &tickPerSec, TSDB_DATA_TYPE_BIGINT, LONG_BYTES);
        memset(val, 0, tListLen(val));

        if (taosVariantDump(&pParamElem[2].pNode->value, val, TSDB_DATA_TYPE_BIGINT, true) < 0) {
          return TSDB_CODE_TSC_INVALID_OPERATION;
        }

        if (GET_INT64_VAL(val) != 0 && GET_INT64_VAL(val) != 1) {
          return buildInvalidOperationMsg(pMsgBuf, msg11);
        }

        addExprInfoParam(&pExpr->base, val, TSDB_DATA_TYPE_BIGINT, LONG_BYTES);
      }
      return TSDB_CODE_SUCCESS;
    }

    case FUNCTION_FIRST:
    case FUNCTION_LAST:
    case FUNCTION_SPREAD:
    case FUNCTION_LAST_ROW:
    case FUNCTION_INTERP: {
      bool requireAllFields = (pItem->pNode->Expr.paramList == NULL);

      if (!requireAllFields) {
        SArray* pParamList = pItem->pNode->Expr.paramList;
        if (taosArrayGetSize(pParamList) < 1) {
          return buildInvalidOperationMsg(pMsgBuf, msg3);
        }

        if (taosArrayGetSize(pParamList) > 1 && (pItem->aliasName != NULL)) {
          return buildInvalidOperationMsg(pMsgBuf, msg8);
        }

        // in first/last function, multiple columns can be add to resultset
        for (int32_t i = 0; i < taosArrayGetSize(pParamList); ++i) {
          tSqlExprItem* pParamElem = taosArrayGet(pParamList, i);
          doHandleOneParam(pQueryInfo, pItem, pParamElem, functionId, &colIndex, finalResult, pMsgBuf);
        }
      } else {  // select function(*) from xxx
        int32_t numOfFields = 0;

        // multicolumn selection does not support alias name
        if (pItem->aliasName != NULL && strlen(pItem->aliasName) > 0) {
          return buildInvalidOperationMsg(pMsgBuf, msg8);
        }

        for (int32_t j = 0; j < pQueryInfo->numOfTables; ++j) {
          pTableMetaInfo = getMetaInfo(pQueryInfo, j);
          doAddAllColumnExprInSelectClause(pQueryInfo, pTableMetaInfo, pItem, functionId, j, &colIndex, finalResult, pMsgBuf);
          numOfFields += getNumOfColumns(pTableMetaInfo->pTableMeta);
        }
      }
      return TSDB_CODE_SUCCESS;
    }

    case FUNCTION_TOP:
    case FUNCTION_BOTTOM:
    case FUNCTION_PERCT:
    case FUNCTION_APERCT: {
      // 1. valid the number of parameters
      // no parameters or more than one parameter for function
      if ((code = checkForkParam(pItem->pNode, 2, pMsgBuf)) != TSDB_CODE_SUCCESS) {
        return code;
      }

      tSqlExprItem* pParamElem = taosArrayGet(pItem->pNode->Expr.paramList, 0);
      if (pParamElem->pNode->tokenId == TK_ALL) {
        return buildInvalidOperationMsg(pMsgBuf, msg2);
      }

      tExprNode* pNode = NULL;
      int32_t tokenId = pParamElem->pNode->tokenId;
      SColumnIndex index = COLUMN_INDEX_INITIALIZER;
      SSchema columnSchema = {0};
      code = extractFunctionParameterInfo(pQueryInfo, tokenId, &pTableMetaInfo, &columnSchema, &pNode, &index, pParamElem,pMsgBuf);
      if (code != TSDB_CODE_SUCCESS) {
        return code;
      }

      // functions can not be applied to tags
      if (TSDB_COL_IS_TAG(index.type)) {
        return buildInvalidOperationMsg(pMsgBuf, msg6);
      }

      pTableMetaInfo = getMetaInfo(pQueryInfo, index.tableIndex);

      // 2. valid the column type
      if (!IS_NUMERIC_TYPE(columnSchema.type)) {
        return buildInvalidOperationMsg(pMsgBuf, msg1);
      }

      // 3. valid the parameters
      if (pParamElem[1].pNode->tokenId == TK_ID) {
        return buildInvalidOperationMsg(pMsgBuf, msg2);
      }

      SResultDataInfo resInfo = {0};
      getResultDataInfo(columnSchema.type, columnSchema.bytes, functionId, 0, &resInfo, 0, false);
      if (functionId == FUNCTION_TOP || functionId == FUNCTION_BOTTOM) {
        // set the first column ts for top/bottom query
        setTsOutputExprInfo(pQueryInfo, pTableMetaInfo, colIndex, index.tableIndex);
        colIndex += 1;  // the first column is ts
      }

      SSchema s = createSchema(resInfo.type, resInfo.bytes, getNewResColId(), "");

      char token[TSDB_COL_NAME_LEN] = {0};
      setTokenAndResColumnName(pItem, s.name, token, sizeof(s.name) - 1);

      SColumn c = createColumn(pTableMetaInfo->pTableMeta->uid, pTableMetaInfo->aliasName, index.type, &columnSchema);

      SSourceParam param = {0};
      addIntoSourceParam(&param, pNode, &c);

      char funcName[FUNCTIONS_NAME_MAX_LENGTH] = {0};
      extractFunctionName(funcName, pItem);
      SExprInfo* pExpr = doAddOneExprInfo(pQueryInfo, funcName, &param, colIndex, pTableMetaInfo, &s, resInfo.intermediateBytes, token, finalResult);

      SToken* pParamToken = &pParamElem[1].pNode->exprToken;
      pExpr->base.numOfParams += 1;

      SVariant* pVar = &pExpr->base.param[0];
      if (functionId == FUNCTION_PERCT || functionId == FUNCTION_APERCT) {
        taosVariantCreate(pVar, pParamToken->z, pParamToken->n, TSDB_DATA_TYPE_DOUBLE);

        /*
         * sql function transformation
         * for dp = 0, it is actually min,
         * for dp = 100, it is max,
         */
        if (pVar->d < 0 || pVar->d > TOP_BOTTOM_QUERY_LIMIT) {
          return buildInvalidOperationMsg(pMsgBuf, msg5);
        }
      } else {
        taosVariantCreate(pVar, pParamToken->z, pParamToken->n, TSDB_DATA_TYPE_BIGINT);
        if (pVar->i <= 0 || pVar->i > 100) {  // todo use macro
          return buildInvalidOperationMsg(pMsgBuf, msg12);
        }
      }

      return TSDB_CODE_SUCCESS;
    }

    case FUNCTION_TID_TAG: {
      pTableMetaInfo = getMetaInfo(pQueryInfo, 0);
      if (UTIL_TABLE_IS_NORMAL_TABLE(pTableMetaInfo)) {
        return buildInvalidOperationMsg(pMsgBuf, msg7);
      }

      // no parameters or more than one parameter for function
      if ((code = checkForkParam(pItem->pNode, 1, pMsgBuf)) != TSDB_CODE_SUCCESS) {
        return code;
      }

      tSqlExprItem* pParamItem = taosArrayGet(pItem->pNode->Expr.paramList, 0);
      tSqlExpr* pParam = pParamItem->pNode;

      SColumnIndex index = COLUMN_INDEX_INITIALIZER;
      if (getColumnIndexByName(&pParam->columnName, pQueryInfo, &index, pMsgBuf) != TSDB_CODE_SUCCESS) {
        return buildInvalidOperationMsg(pMsgBuf, msg3);
      }

      pTableMetaInfo = getMetaInfo(pQueryInfo, index.tableIndex);
      SSchema* pSchema = getTableTagSchema(pTableMetaInfo->pTableMeta);

      // functions can not be applied to normal columns
      int32_t numOfCols = getNumOfColumns(pTableMetaInfo->pTableMeta);
      if (index.columnIndex < numOfCols && index.columnIndex != TSDB_TBNAME_COLUMN_INDEX) {
        return buildInvalidOperationMsg(pMsgBuf, msg6);
      }

      if (index.columnIndex > 0) {
        index.columnIndex -= numOfCols;
      }

      // 2. valid the column type
      int16_t colType = 0;
      if (index.columnIndex == TSDB_TBNAME_COLUMN_INDEX) {
        colType = TSDB_DATA_TYPE_BINARY;
      } else {
        colType = pSchema[index.columnIndex].type;
      }

      if (colType == TSDB_DATA_TYPE_BOOL) {
        return buildInvalidOperationMsg(pMsgBuf, msg1);
      }

      columnListInsert(pTableMetaInfo->tagColList, pTableMetaInfo->pTableMeta->uid, &pSchema[index.columnIndex], TSDB_COL_TAG);
      SSchema* pTagSchema = getTableTagSchema(pTableMetaInfo->pTableMeta);

      SSchema s = (index.columnIndex == TSDB_TBNAME_COLUMN_INDEX)? *getTbnameColumnSchema(): pTagSchema[index.columnIndex];

      SResultDataInfo resInfo = {0};
      int32_t ret = getResultDataInfo(s.type, s.bytes, FUNCTION_TID_TAG, 0, &resInfo, 0, 0);
      assert(ret == TSDB_CODE_SUCCESS);

      SSchema result = createSchema(resInfo.type, resInfo.bytes, getNewResColId(), s.name);
      SColumn c = createColumn(pTableMetaInfo->pTableMeta->uid, pTableMetaInfo->aliasName, index.type, &result);

      SSourceParam param = {0};
      addIntoSourceParam(&param, NULL, &c);

      /*SExprInfo* pExpr = */doAddOneExprInfo(pQueryInfo, "tbid", &param, 0, pTableMetaInfo, &result, 0, s.name, true);
      return TSDB_CODE_SUCCESS;
    }

    case FUNCTION_BLKINFO: {
      // no parameters or more than one parameter for function
      if ((code = checkForkParam(pItem->pNode, 0, pMsgBuf))!= TSDB_CODE_SUCCESS) {
        return code;
      }

      SColumnIndex index = {.tableIndex = 0, .columnIndex = 0, .type = TSDB_COL_NORMAL};
      pTableMetaInfo = getMetaInfo(pQueryInfo, index.tableIndex);

      SResultDataInfo resInfo = {0};
      getResultDataInfo(TSDB_DATA_TYPE_INT, 4, functionId, 0, &resInfo, 0, 0);

      SSchema s = createSchema(resInfo.type, resInfo.bytes, getNewResColId(), "block_dist");
      SSchema colSchema = {0};

      char token[TSDB_COL_NAME_LEN] = {0};
      setTokenAndResColumnName(pItem, s.name, token, sizeof(s.name) - 1);

      SColumn c = createColumn(pTableMetaInfo->pTableMeta->uid, pTableMetaInfo->aliasName, index.type, &colSchema);

      SSourceParam param = {0};
      addIntoSourceParam(&param, NULL, &c);

      SExprInfo* pExpr = doAddOneExprInfo(pQueryInfo, "block_dist", &param, colIndex, pTableMetaInfo, &s, resInfo.intermediateBytes, token, finalResult);

      int64_t rowSize = pTableMetaInfo->pTableMeta->tableInfo.rowSize;
      addExprInfoParam(&pExpr->base, (char*) &rowSize, TSDB_DATA_TYPE_BIGINT, 8);
      return TSDB_CODE_SUCCESS;
    }

    case FUNCTION_COV: {
      // 1. valid the number of parameters
      // no parameters or more than one parameter for function
      if ((code = checkForkParam(pItem->pNode, 2, pMsgBuf)) != TSDB_CODE_SUCCESS) {
        return code;
      }

      tSqlExprItem* p1 = taosArrayGet(pItem->pNode->Expr.paramList, 0);
      tSqlExprItem* p2 = taosArrayGet(pItem->pNode->Expr.paramList, 1);

      int32_t p1Type = p1->pNode->tokenId, p2Type = p2->pNode->tokenId;
      if (p1Type != TK_ID || p2Type != TK_ID) {
        return buildInvalidOperationMsg(pMsgBuf, msg2);
      }

      // validate the first parameter
      tExprNode* pNode1 = NULL;
      int32_t tokenId1 = p1->pNode->tokenId;
      SColumnIndex index1 = COLUMN_INDEX_INITIALIZER;
      SSchema columnSchema1 = {0};

      code = extractFunctionParameterInfo(pQueryInfo, tokenId1, &pTableMetaInfo, &columnSchema1, &pNode1, &index1, p1, pMsgBuf);
      if (code != TSDB_CODE_SUCCESS) {
        return code;
      }

      // validate the second parameter
      tExprNode* pNode2 = NULL;
      int32_t tokenId2 = p1->pNode->tokenId;
      SColumnIndex index2 = COLUMN_INDEX_INITIALIZER;
      SSchema columnSchema2 = {0};
      code = extractFunctionParameterInfo(pQueryInfo, tokenId2, &pTableMetaInfo, &columnSchema2, &pNode2, &index2, p1, pMsgBuf);
      if (code != TSDB_CODE_SUCCESS) {
        return code;
      }

      int32_t srcType1 = columnSchema1.type, srcType2 = columnSchema2.type;
      if (IS_VAR_DATA_TYPE(srcType1) || IS_VAR_DATA_TYPE(columnSchema2.type) || srcType1 == TSDB_DATA_TYPE_TIMESTAMP ||
      srcType1 == TSDB_DATA_TYPE_BOOL || srcType2 == TSDB_DATA_TYPE_TIMESTAMP || srcType2 == TSDB_DATA_TYPE_BOOL) {
        return buildInvalidOperationMsg(pMsgBuf, msg2);
      }

      SResultDataInfo resInfo = {.type = TSDB_DATA_TYPE_DOUBLE, .bytes = sizeof(double), .intermediateBytes = 0};
      SSchema s = createSchema(resInfo.type, resInfo.bytes, getNewResColId(), "");

      char token[TSDB_COL_NAME_LEN] = {0};
      setTokenAndResColumnName(pItem, s.name, token, sizeof(s.name) - 1);

      SColumn c1 = createColumn(pTableMetaInfo->pTableMeta->uid, pTableMetaInfo->aliasName, index1.type, &columnSchema1);
      SColumn c2 = createColumn(pTableMetaInfo->pTableMeta->uid, pTableMetaInfo->aliasName, index2.type, &columnSchema2);

      SSourceParam param = {0};
      addIntoSourceParam(&param, pNode1, &c1);
      addIntoSourceParam(&param, pNode2, &c2);

      char funcName[FUNCTIONS_NAME_MAX_LENGTH] = {0};
      extractFunctionName(funcName, pItem);

      doAddOneExprInfo(pQueryInfo, funcName, &param, colIndex, pTableMetaInfo, &s, resInfo.intermediateBytes, token, finalResult);
      return TSDB_CODE_SUCCESS;
    }

    default: {
//      pUdfInfo = isValidUdf(pQueryInfo->pUdfInfo, pItem->pNode->Expr.operand.z, pItem->pNode->Expr.operand.n);
//      if (pUdfInfo == NULL) {
//        return buildInvalidOperationMsg(pMsgBuf, msg9);
//      }

      tSqlExprItem* pParamElem = taosArrayGet(pItem->pNode->Expr.paramList, 0);;
      if (pParamElem->pNode->tokenId != TK_ID) {
        return buildInvalidOperationMsg(pMsgBuf, msg2);
      }

      SColumnIndex index = COLUMN_INDEX_INITIALIZER;
      if (getColumnIndexByName(&pParamElem->pNode->columnName, pQueryInfo, &index, pMsgBuf) != TSDB_CODE_SUCCESS) {
        return buildInvalidOperationMsg(pMsgBuf, msg3);
      }

      if (index.columnIndex == TSDB_TBNAME_COLUMN_INDEX) {
        return buildInvalidOperationMsg(pMsgBuf, msg6);
      }

      pTableMetaInfo = getMetaInfo(pQueryInfo, index.tableIndex);

      // functions can not be applied to tags
      if (index.columnIndex >= getNumOfColumns(pTableMetaInfo->pTableMeta)) {
        return buildInvalidOperationMsg(pMsgBuf, msg6);
      }

      SResultDataInfo resInfo = {0};
      getResultDataInfo(TSDB_DATA_TYPE_INT, 4, functionId, 0, &resInfo, 0, false/*, pUdfInfo*/);

      SSchema s = createSchema(resInfo.type, resInfo.bytes, getNewResColId(), "");
      SSchema* colSchema = getOneColumnSchema(pTableMetaInfo->pTableMeta, index.tableIndex);

      char token[TSDB_COL_NAME_LEN] = {0};
      setTokenAndResColumnName(pItem, s.name, token, sizeof(s.name) - 1);

      SColumn c = createColumn(pTableMetaInfo->pTableMeta->uid, pTableMetaInfo->aliasName, index.type, colSchema);

      SSourceParam param = {0};
      addIntoSourceParam(&param, NULL, &c);

      char funcName[FUNCTIONS_NAME_MAX_LENGTH] = {0};
      extractFunctionName(funcName, pItem);
      doAddOneExprInfo(pQueryInfo, funcName, &param, colIndex, pTableMetaInfo, &s, resInfo.intermediateBytes, token, finalResult);
      return TSDB_CODE_SUCCESS;
    }
  }

  return TSDB_CODE_TSC_INVALID_OPERATION;
}

static int32_t validateExprLeafColumnNode(SQueryStmtInfo *pQueryInfo, SToken* pColumnName, SArray* pList, SMsgBuf* pMsgBuf) {
  SColumnIndex index = COLUMN_INDEX_INITIALIZER;
  if (getColumnIndexByName(pColumnName, pQueryInfo, &index, pMsgBuf) != TSDB_CODE_SUCCESS) {
    return TSDB_CODE_TSC_INVALID_OPERATION;
  }

  // if column is timestamp not support arithmetic, so return invalid sql
  STableMetaInfo* pTableMetaInfo = getMetaInfo(pQueryInfo, index.tableIndex);
  STableMeta* pTableMeta = pTableMetaInfo->pTableMeta;

  SSchema* pSchema = getOneColumnSchema(pTableMeta, index.columnIndex);
  if (pSchema->type == TSDB_DATA_TYPE_TIMESTAMP) {
    return TSDB_CODE_TSC_INVALID_OPERATION;
  }

  SColumn c = createColumn(pTableMeta->uid, pTableMetaInfo->aliasName, index.type, pSchema);
  taosArrayPush(pList, &c);

  return TSDB_CODE_SUCCESS;
}

static int32_t validateExprLeafFunctionNode(SQueryStmtInfo* pQueryInfo, tSqlExpr* pExpr, SMsgBuf* pMsgBuf) {
  tSqlExprItem item = {.pNode = pExpr, .aliasName = NULL};

  // sql function list in selection clause.
  // Append the sqlExpr into exprList of pQueryInfo structure sequentially
  bool scalar = false;
  item.functionId = qIsBuiltinFunction(pExpr->Expr.operand.z, pExpr->Expr.operand.n, &scalar);
  if (item.functionId < 0) {
    return TSDB_CODE_TSC_INVALID_OPERATION;
  }

  int32_t outputIndex = (int32_t)getNumOfExprs(pQueryInfo);

  if (scalar) {
    printf("scalar function found!\n");
//    if (addScalarExprAndResColumn(pQueryInfo, outputIndex, &item, pMsgBuf) != TSDB_CODE_SUCCESS) {
//      return TSDB_CODE_TSC_INVALID_OPERATION;
//    }
  } else {
    if (addAggExprAndResColumn(pQueryInfo, outputIndex, &item, false, pMsgBuf) != TSDB_CODE_SUCCESS) {
      return TSDB_CODE_TSC_INVALID_OPERATION;
    }

    // It is invalid in case of more than one sqlExpr, such as first(ts, k) - last(ts, k)
    int32_t inc = (int32_t)getNumOfExprs(pQueryInfo) - outputIndex;
    if (inc > 1) {
      return TSDB_CODE_TSC_INVALID_OPERATION;
    }

    // Not supported data type in expression
    for (int32_t i = 0; i < inc; ++i) {
      SExprInfo* p1 = getExprInfo(pQueryInfo, i + outputIndex);
      int16_t    t = p1->base.resSchema.type;
      if (t == TSDB_DATA_TYPE_TIMESTAMP) {
        return TSDB_CODE_TSC_INVALID_OPERATION;
      }
    }
  }

  return TSDB_CODE_SUCCESS;
}

static int32_t validateScalarFunctionParamNum(tSqlExpr* pSqlExpr, int32_t functionId, SMsgBuf* pMsgBuf) {
  int32_t code = TSDB_CODE_SUCCESS;
  switch (functionId) {
    case FUNCTION_CEIL: {
      code = checkForkParam(pSqlExpr, 1, pMsgBuf);
      break;
    }
    case FUNCTION_LENGTH: {
      code = checkForkParam(pSqlExpr, 1, pMsgBuf);
      break;
    }
  }

  return code;
}

// todo merge with the addScalarExprAndResColumn
int32_t doAddOneProjectCol(SQueryStmtInfo* pQueryInfo, int32_t outputColIndex, SSchema* pSchema, const char* aliasName,
                        int32_t colId, SMsgBuf* pMsgBuf) {
  const char* name = (aliasName == NULL)? pSchema->name:aliasName;
  SSchema s = createSchema(pSchema->type, pSchema->bytes, colId, name);

  SArray* pColumnList = taosArrayInit(4, sizeof(SColumn));
  SToken colNameToken = {.z = pSchema->name, .n = strlen(pSchema->name)};

  tSqlExpr sqlNode = {0};
  sqlNode.type = SQL_NODE_TABLE_COLUMN;
  sqlNode.columnName = colNameToken;

  tExprNode* pNode = NULL;
  bool       keepTableCols = true;
  int32_t    ret = sqlExprToExprNode(&pNode, &sqlNode, pQueryInfo, pColumnList, &keepTableCols, pMsgBuf);
  if (ret != TSDB_CODE_SUCCESS) {
    tExprTreeDestroy(pNode, NULL);
    return buildInvalidOperationMsg(pMsgBuf, "invalid expression in select clause");
  }

  SExprInfo* pExpr = createBinaryExprInfo(pNode, &s);
  tstrncpy(pExpr->base.resSchema.name, name, tListLen(pExpr->base.resSchema.name));
  tstrncpy(pExpr->base.token, name, tListLen(pExpr->base.token));

  SArray*    pExprList = getCurrentExprList(pQueryInfo);
  addExprInfo(pExprList, outputColIndex, pExpr, pQueryInfo->exprListLevelIndex);

  // extract columns according to the tExprNode tree
  size_t num = taosArrayGetSize(pColumnList);
  pExpr->base.pColumns = calloc(num, sizeof(SColumn));
  for (int32_t i = 0; i < num; ++i) {
    SColumn* pCol = taosArrayGet(pColumnList, i);
    pExpr->base.pColumns[i] = *pCol;
  }

  pExpr->base.numOfCols = num;

  if (pQueryInfo->exprListLevelIndex == 0) {
    int32_t exists = getNumOfFields(&pQueryInfo->fieldsInfo);
    addResColumnInfo(pQueryInfo, exists, &pExpr->base.resSchema, pExpr);
  }

  pQueryInfo->info.projectionQuery = true;
  return TSDB_CODE_SUCCESS;
}

static int32_t doAddMultipleProjectExprAndResColumns(SQueryStmtInfo* pQueryInfo, SColumnIndex* pIndex, int32_t startPos, SMsgBuf* pMsgBuf) {
  STableMetaInfo* pTableMetaInfo = getMetaInfo(pQueryInfo, pIndex->tableIndex);

  STableMeta* pTableMeta = pTableMetaInfo->pTableMeta;
  STableComInfo tinfo = getTableInfo(pTableMeta);

  int32_t numOfTotalColumns = tinfo.numOfColumns;
  if (UTIL_TABLE_IS_SUPER_TABLE(pTableMetaInfo)) {
    numOfTotalColumns += tinfo.numOfTags;
  }

  for (int32_t j = 0; j < numOfTotalColumns; ++j) {
    SSchema* pSchema = getOneColumnSchema(pTableMetaInfo->pTableMeta, j);
    doAddOneProjectCol(pQueryInfo, startPos + j, pSchema, NULL, getNewResColId(), pMsgBuf);
  }

  return numOfTotalColumns;
}

// User input constant value as a new result column
static SColumnIndex createConstantColumnIndex(int32_t* colId) {
  SColumnIndex index = COLUMN_INDEX_INITIALIZER;
  index.columnIndex = ((*colId)--);
  index.tableIndex = 0;
  index.type = TSDB_COL_UDC;
  return index;
}

static SSchema createConstantColumnSchema(SVariant* pVal, const SToken* exprStr, const char* name) {
  SSchema s = {0};

  s.type  = pVal->nType;
  if (IS_VAR_DATA_TYPE(s.type)) {
    s.bytes = (int16_t)(pVal->nLen + VARSTR_HEADER_SIZE);
  } else {
    s.bytes = tDataTypes[pVal->nType].bytes;
  }

  s.colId = TSDB_UD_COLUMN_INDEX;

  if (name != NULL) {
    tstrncpy(s.name, name, sizeof(s.name));
  } else {
    size_t tlen = MIN(sizeof(s.name), exprStr->n + 1);
    tstrncpy(s.name, exprStr->z, tlen);
    strdequote(s.name);
  }

  return s;
}

static int32_t handleTbnameProjection(SQueryStmtInfo* pQueryInfo, tSqlExprItem* pItem, SColumnIndex* pIndex, int32_t startPos, bool outerQuery, SMsgBuf* pMsgBuf) {
  const char* msg1 = "tbname not allowed in outer query";

  SSchema colSchema = {0};
  if (outerQuery) {  // todo??
    STableMetaInfo* pTableMetaInfo = getMetaInfo(pQueryInfo, pIndex->tableIndex);

    bool     existed = false;
    SSchema* pSchema = pTableMetaInfo->pTableMeta->schema;

    int32_t numOfCols = getNumOfColumns(pTableMetaInfo->pTableMeta);
    for (int32_t i = 0; i < numOfCols; ++i) {
      if (strncasecmp(pSchema[i].name, TSQL_TBNAME_L, tListLen(pSchema[i].name)) == 0) {
        existed = true;
        pIndex->columnIndex = i;
        break;
      }
    }

    if (!existed) {
      return buildInvalidOperationMsg(pMsgBuf, msg1);
    }

    colSchema = pSchema[pIndex->columnIndex];
  } else {
    colSchema = *getTbnameColumnSchema();
  }

  return doAddOneProjectCol(pQueryInfo, startPos, &colSchema, pItem->aliasName, getNewResColId(), pMsgBuf);
}

int32_t addProjectionExprAndResColumn(SQueryStmtInfo* pQueryInfo, tSqlExprItem* pItem, bool outerQuery, SMsgBuf* pMsgBuf) {
  const char* msg1 = "tag for normal table query is not allowed";
  const char* msg2 = "invalid column name";

  if (checkForAliasName(pMsgBuf, pItem->aliasName) != TSDB_CODE_SUCCESS) {
    return TSDB_CODE_TSC_INVALID_OPERATION;
  }

  int32_t startPos = (int32_t)getNumOfExprs(pQueryInfo);
  int32_t tokenId = pItem->pNode->tokenId;
  if (tokenId == TK_ALL) {  // project on all fields
    TSDB_QUERY_SET_TYPE(pQueryInfo->type, TSDB_QUERY_TYPE_PROJECTION_QUERY);

    SColumnIndex index = COLUMN_INDEX_INITIALIZER;
    if (getTableIndexByName(&pItem->pNode->columnName, pQueryInfo, &index) != TSDB_CODE_SUCCESS) {
      return buildInvalidOperationMsg(pMsgBuf, msg2);
    }

    // all columns are required
    if (index.tableIndex == COLUMN_INDEX_INITIAL_VAL) {  // all table columns are required.
      for (int32_t i = 0; i < pQueryInfo->numOfTables; ++i) {
        index.tableIndex = i;
        int32_t inc = doAddMultipleProjectExprAndResColumns(pQueryInfo, &index, startPos, pMsgBuf);
        startPos += inc;
      }
    } else {
      doAddMultipleProjectExprAndResColumns(pQueryInfo, &index, startPos, pMsgBuf);
    }

    // add the primary timestamp column even though it is not required by user
    STableMeta* pTableMeta = getMetaInfo(pQueryInfo, index.tableIndex)->pTableMeta;
    if (pTableMeta->tableType != TSDB_TEMP_TABLE) {
      insertPrimaryTsColumn(pQueryInfo->colList, pTableMeta->schema[0].name, pTableMeta->uid);
    }
  } else if (tokenId == TK_STRING || tokenId == TK_INTEGER || tokenId == TK_FLOAT) {  //constant value column
    SColumnIndex index = createConstantColumnIndex(&pQueryInfo->udColumnId);
    SSchema colSchema = createConstantColumnSchema(&pItem->pNode->value, &pItem->pNode->exprToken, pItem->aliasName);

    char token[TSDB_COL_NAME_LEN] = {0};
    tstrncpy(token, pItem->pNode->exprToken.z, MIN(TSDB_COL_NAME_LEN, TSDB_COL_NAME_LEN));

    STableMetaInfo* pTableMetaInfo = getMetaInfo(pQueryInfo, index.tableIndex);
    SColumn c = createColumn(pTableMetaInfo->pTableMeta->uid, pTableMetaInfo->aliasName, index.type, &colSchema);

    SSourceParam param = {0};
    addIntoSourceParam(&param, NULL, &c);

    SExprInfo* pExpr = doAddOneExprInfo(pQueryInfo, "project", &param, startPos, pTableMetaInfo, &colSchema, 0, token, true);
    // NOTE: the first parameter is reserved for the tag column id during join query process.
    pExpr->base.numOfParams = 2;
    taosVariantAssign(&pExpr->base.param[1], &pItem->pNode->value);
  } else if (tokenId == TK_ID) {  // column name
    SColumnIndex index = COLUMN_INDEX_INITIALIZER;
    if (getColumnIndexByName(&pItem->pNode->columnName, pQueryInfo, &index, pMsgBuf) != TSDB_CODE_SUCCESS) {
      return buildInvalidOperationMsg(pMsgBuf, msg2);
    }

    if (index.columnIndex == TSDB_TBNAME_COLUMN_INDEX) {
      handleTbnameProjection(pQueryInfo, pItem, &index, startPos, outerQuery, pMsgBuf);
    } else {
      STableMetaInfo* pTableMetaInfo = getMetaInfo(pQueryInfo, index.tableIndex);
      if (TSDB_COL_IS_TAG(index.type) && UTIL_TABLE_IS_NORMAL_TABLE(pTableMetaInfo)) {
        return buildInvalidOperationMsg(pMsgBuf, msg1);
      }

      SSchema* pSchema = getOneColumnSchema(pTableMetaInfo->pTableMeta, index.columnIndex);
      doAddOneProjectCol(pQueryInfo, startPos, pSchema, pItem->aliasName, getNewResColId(), pMsgBuf);
    }

    // add the primary timestamp column even though it is not required by user
    STableMetaInfo* pTableMetaInfo = getMetaInfo(pQueryInfo, index.tableIndex);
    if (!UTIL_TABLE_IS_TMP_TABLE(pTableMetaInfo)) {
      STableMeta* pTableMeta = pTableMetaInfo->pTableMeta;
      insertPrimaryTsColumn(pQueryInfo->colList, pTableMeta->schema[0].name, pTableMeta->uid);
    }
  } else {
    return TSDB_CODE_TSC_INVALID_OPERATION;
  }

  return TSDB_CODE_SUCCESS;
}

static int32_t validateExprLeafNode(tSqlExpr* pExpr, SQueryStmtInfo* pQueryInfo, SArray* pList, int32_t* type, SMsgBuf* pMsgBuf) {
  if (pExpr->type == SQL_NODE_TABLE_COLUMN) {
    if (*type == NON_ARITHMEIC_EXPR) {
      *type = NORMAL_ARITHMETIC;
    } else if (*type == AGG_ARIGHTMEIC) {
      return TSDB_CODE_TSC_INVALID_OPERATION;
    }

    int32_t code = validateExprLeafColumnNode(pQueryInfo, &pExpr->columnName, pList, pMsgBuf);
    if (code != TSDB_CODE_SUCCESS) {
      return code;
    }
  } else if ((pExpr->tokenId == TK_FLOAT && (isnan(pExpr->value.d) || isinf(pExpr->value.d))) ||
             pExpr->tokenId == TK_NULL) {
    return TSDB_CODE_TSC_INVALID_OPERATION;
  } else if (pExpr->type == SQL_NODE_SQLFUNCTION) {
    if (*type == NON_ARITHMEIC_EXPR) {
      *type = AGG_ARIGHTMEIC;
    } else if (*type == NORMAL_ARITHMETIC) {
      return TSDB_CODE_TSC_INVALID_OPERATION;
    }

    int32_t code = validateExprLeafFunctionNode(pQueryInfo, pExpr, pMsgBuf);
    if (code != TSDB_CODE_SUCCESS) {
      return code;
    }
  }

  return TSDB_CODE_SUCCESS;
}

static uint64_t findTmpSourceColumnInNextLevel(SQueryStmtInfo* pQueryInfo, tExprNode *pExpr) {
  // This function must be a aggregate function, so it must be in the next level
  pQueryInfo->exprListLevelIndex += 1;

  // set the input column data byte and type.
  SArray* pExprList = getCurrentExprList(pQueryInfo);

  bool found = false;
  uint64_t uid = 0;

  size_t size = taosArrayGetSize(pExprList);
  for (int32_t i = 0; i < size; ++i) {
    SExprInfo* p1 = taosArrayGetP(pExprList, i);

    if (strcmp((pExpr)->pSchema->name, p1->base.resSchema.name) == 0) {
      memcpy((pExpr)->pSchema, &p1->base.resSchema, sizeof(SSchema));
      found = true;
      uid = p1->base.pColumns->uid;
      break;
    }
  }

  assert(found);
  pQueryInfo->exprListLevelIndex -= 1;

  return uid;
}

static tExprNode* doCreateColumnNode(SQueryStmtInfo* pQueryInfo, SColumnIndex* pIndex, bool keepTableCols, SArray* pCols) {
  STableMetaInfo* pTableMetaInfo = getMetaInfo(pQueryInfo, pIndex->tableIndex);
  STableMeta* pTableMeta = pTableMetaInfo->pTableMeta;

  tExprNode* pExpr = calloc(1, sizeof(tExprNode));

  pExpr->nodeType = TEXPR_COL_NODE;
  pExpr->pSchema  = calloc(1, sizeof(SSchema));

  SSchema* pSchema = NULL;
  if (pIndex->columnIndex == TSDB_TBNAME_COLUMN_INDEX) {
    pSchema = getTbnameColumnSchema();
  } else {
    pSchema = getOneColumnSchema(pTableMeta, pIndex->columnIndex);
  }

  *(SSchema*)(pExpr->pSchema) = *pSchema;

  if (keepTableCols && TSDB_COL_IS_NORMAL_COL(pIndex->type)) {
    SColumn c = createColumn(pTableMeta->uid, pTableMetaInfo->aliasName, pIndex->type, pExpr->pSchema);
    taosArrayPush(pCols, &c);
  }

  if (TSDB_COL_IS_NORMAL_COL(pIndex->type)) {
    columnListInsert(pQueryInfo->colList, pTableMeta->uid, pSchema, TSDB_COL_NORMAL);
    SSchema* pTsSchema = getOneColumnSchema(pTableMeta, 0);
    insertPrimaryTsColumn(pQueryInfo->colList, pTsSchema->name, pTableMeta->uid);
  } else {
    columnListInsert(pTableMetaInfo->tagColList, pTableMeta->uid, pSchema, TSDB_COL_TAG);
  }

  return pExpr;
}

static SExprInfo* createColumnNodeFromAggFunc(SSchema* pSchema) {
  tExprNode* pExprNode = calloc(1, sizeof(tExprNode));

  pExprNode->nodeType = TEXPR_COL_NODE;
  pExprNode->pSchema  = calloc(1, sizeof(SSchema));
  *(SSchema*)(pExprNode->pSchema) = *pSchema;

  SExprInfo* pExpr = calloc(1, sizeof(SExprInfo));
  if (pExpr == NULL) {
    return NULL;
  }

  pExpr->pExpr = pExprNode;
  memcpy(&pExpr->base.resSchema, pSchema, sizeof(SSchema));
  return pExpr;
}

static int32_t validateSqlExpr(const tSqlExpr* pSqlExpr, SQueryStmtInfo *pQueryInfo, SMsgBuf* pMsgBuf);

static int32_t doProcessFunctionLeafNodeParam(SQueryStmtInfo* pQueryInfo, int32_t* num, tExprNode*** p, SArray* pCols,
                                              bool* keepTableCols, const tSqlExpr* pSqlExpr, SMsgBuf* pMsgBuf) {
  SArray* pParamList = pSqlExpr->Expr.paramList;
  if (pParamList != NULL) {
    *num = taosArrayGetSize(pParamList);
    (*p) = calloc((*num), POINTER_BYTES);

    for (int32_t i = 0; i < (*num); ++i) {
      tSqlExprItem* pItem = taosArrayGet(pParamList, i);

      int32_t ret = validateSqlExpr(pItem->pNode, pQueryInfo, pMsgBuf);
      if (ret != TSDB_CODE_SUCCESS) {
        return ret;
      }

      int32_t code = sqlExprToExprNode(&(*p)[i], pItem->pNode, pQueryInfo, pCols, keepTableCols, pMsgBuf);
      if (code != TSDB_CODE_SUCCESS) {
        return code;
      }
    }
  } else { // handle the case: count(*) + 22
    if (strncasecmp(pSqlExpr->Expr.operand.z, "count", pSqlExpr->Expr.operand.n) != 0) {
      return buildInvalidOperationMsg(pMsgBuf, "invalid expression");
    }

    *num = 1;
    (*p) = calloc(*num, POINTER_BYTES);

    SColumnIndex index = {.type = TSDB_COL_NORMAL, .tableIndex = 0, .columnIndex = 0};
    (*p)[0] = doCreateColumnNode(pQueryInfo, &index, *keepTableCols, pCols);
  }

  return TSDB_CODE_SUCCESS;
}

static int32_t doValidateExpr(SQueryStmtInfo *pQueryInfo, tSqlExpr* pFuncNode, tSqlExpr* pTableColumnNode, SMsgBuf* pMsgBuf) {
  char token[FUNCTIONS_NAME_MAX_LENGTH] = {0};
  strncpy(token, pFuncNode->Expr.operand.z, pFuncNode->Expr.operand.n);
  bool isAgg = qIsAggregateFunction(token);

  // count(*) + column is a invalid expression.
  if (isAgg) {
    return buildInvalidOperationMsg(pMsgBuf, "invalid expression");
  }
  return TSDB_CODE_SUCCESS;
}

int32_t validateSqlExpr(const tSqlExpr* pSqlExpr, SQueryStmtInfo *pQueryInfo, SMsgBuf* pMsgBuf) {
  assert(pSqlExpr);

  if (pSqlExpr->type == SQL_NODE_EXPR) {
    int32_t valid = validateSqlExpr(pSqlExpr->pLeft, pQueryInfo, pMsgBuf);
    if (valid != TSDB_CODE_SUCCESS) {
      return valid;
    }

    valid = validateSqlExpr(pSqlExpr->pRight, pQueryInfo, pMsgBuf);
    if (valid != TSDB_CODE_SUCCESS) {
      return valid;
    }

    tSqlExpr* pLeft = pSqlExpr->pLeft, *pRight = pSqlExpr->pRight;
    if (pLeft->type == SQL_NODE_SQLFUNCTION && pRight->type == SQL_NODE_SQLFUNCTION) {

      char token[FUNCTIONS_NAME_MAX_LENGTH] = {0};
      strncpy(token, pLeft->Expr.operand.z, pLeft->Expr.operand.n);
      bool agg1 = qIsAggregateFunction(token);

      strncpy(token, pRight->Expr.operand.z, pRight->Expr.operand.n);
      bool agg2 = qIsAggregateFunction(token);

      if (agg1 != agg2) {
        return buildInvalidOperationMsg(pMsgBuf, "invalid expression");
      }
    }

    if (pLeft->type == SQL_NODE_SQLFUNCTION && pRight->type == SQL_NODE_TABLE_COLUMN) {
      int32_t code = doValidateExpr(pQueryInfo, pLeft, pRight, pMsgBuf);
      if (code != TSDB_CODE_SUCCESS) {
        return code;
      }
    } else if (pRight->type == SQL_NODE_SQLFUNCTION && pLeft->type == SQL_NODE_TABLE_COLUMN) {
      int32_t code = doValidateExpr(pQueryInfo, pRight, pLeft, pMsgBuf);
      if (code != TSDB_CODE_SUCCESS) {
        return code;
      }
    }

    int32_t tokenId = pSqlExpr->tokenId;
    if (pRight->type == SQL_NODE_VALUE && (pRight->value.nType == TSDB_DATA_TYPE_DOUBLE || pRight->value.nType == TSDB_DATA_TYPE_INT) &&
    pRight->value.d == 0 && tokenId == TK_DIVIDE) {
      return buildInvalidOperationMsg(pMsgBuf, "invalid expression (divided by 0)");
    }

    if (tokenId == TK_DIVIDE || tokenId == TK_TIMES || tokenId == TK_MINUS || tokenId == TK_PLUS || tokenId == TK_MODULES) {
      if ((pRight->type == SQL_NODE_VALUE && pRight->value.nType == TSDB_DATA_TYPE_BINARY) ||
          (pLeft->type == SQL_NODE_VALUE && pLeft->value.nType == TSDB_DATA_TYPE_BINARY)) {
        return buildInvalidOperationMsg(pMsgBuf, "invalid expression (string in arithmetic expression)");
      }
    }

  } else if (pSqlExpr->type == SQL_NODE_TABLE_COLUMN) {
    SColumnIndex index = COLUMN_INDEX_INITIALIZER;

    int32_t ret = getColumnIndexByName(&pSqlExpr->columnName, pQueryInfo, &index, pMsgBuf);
    if (ret != TSDB_CODE_SUCCESS) {
      return ret;
    }
  } else if (pSqlExpr->type == SQL_NODE_SQLFUNCTION) {
    bool    scalar = false;
    int32_t functionId = qIsBuiltinFunction(pSqlExpr->Expr.operand.z, pSqlExpr->Expr.operand.n, &scalar);
    if (functionId < 0) {
      return buildInvalidOperationMsg(pMsgBuf, "invalid function name");
    }

    // do check the parameter number for scalar function
    if (scalar) {
      int32_t ret = validateScalarFunctionParamNum((tSqlExpr*) pSqlExpr, functionId, pMsgBuf);
      if (ret != TSDB_CODE_SUCCESS) {
        return buildInvalidOperationMsg(pMsgBuf, "invalid number of function parameters");
      }
    }
  }

  return TSDB_CODE_SUCCESS;
}

int32_t sqlExprToExprNode(tExprNode **pExpr, const tSqlExpr* pSqlExpr, SQueryStmtInfo* pQueryInfo, SArray* pCols, bool* keepTableCols, SMsgBuf* pMsgBuf) {
  tExprNode* pLeft = NULL;
  tExprNode* pRight= NULL;

  SColumnIndex index = COLUMN_INDEX_INITIALIZER;
  if (pSqlExpr->type == SQL_NODE_EXPR) {
    if (pSqlExpr->pLeft != NULL) {
      int32_t ret = sqlExprToExprNode(&pLeft, pSqlExpr->pLeft, pQueryInfo, pCols, keepTableCols, pMsgBuf);
      if (ret != TSDB_CODE_SUCCESS) {
        return ret;
      }
    }

    if (pSqlExpr->pRight != NULL) {
      int32_t ret = sqlExprToExprNode(&pRight, pSqlExpr->pRight, pQueryInfo, pCols, keepTableCols, pMsgBuf);
      if (ret != TSDB_CODE_SUCCESS) {
        tExprTreeDestroy(pLeft, NULL);
        return ret;
      }
    }

    if (pSqlExpr->pLeft == NULL && pSqlExpr->pRight == NULL && pSqlExpr->tokenId == 0) {
      *pExpr = calloc(1, sizeof(tExprNode));
      return TSDB_CODE_SUCCESS;
    }
 } else if (pSqlExpr->type == SQL_NODE_SQLFUNCTION) {
    bool    scalar = false;
    int32_t functionId = qIsBuiltinFunction(pSqlExpr->Expr.operand.z, pSqlExpr->Expr.operand.n, &scalar);
    if (functionId < 0) {
      return TSDB_CODE_TSC_INVALID_OPERATION;
    }

    if (!scalar) {
      pQueryInfo->exprListLevelIndex += 1;
    }

    *keepTableCols = false;

    int32_t num = 0;
    tExprNode** p = NULL;
    int32_t code = doProcessFunctionLeafNodeParam(pQueryInfo, &num, &p, pCols, keepTableCols, pSqlExpr, pMsgBuf);
    if (code != TSDB_CODE_SUCCESS) {
      return code;
    }

    int32_t outputIndex = (int32_t)getNumOfExprs(pQueryInfo);

    if (scalar) {
      printf("scalar function found! %s\n", pSqlExpr->exprToken.z);

      // Expression on the results of aggregation functions
      *pExpr = calloc(1, sizeof(tExprNode));
      (*pExpr)->nodeType = TEXPR_FUNCTION_NODE;

      (*pExpr)->_function.pChild = p;
      (*pExpr)->_function.num = num;
      strncpy((*pExpr)->_function.functionName, pSqlExpr->Expr.operand.z, pSqlExpr->Expr.operand.n);
      return TSDB_CODE_SUCCESS;
    } else {
      printf("agg function found, %s\n", pSqlExpr->exprToken.z);
      tSqlExprItem item = {.pNode = (tSqlExpr*)pSqlExpr, .aliasName = NULL, .functionId = functionId};
      if (addAggExprAndResColumn(pQueryInfo, outputIndex, &item, false, pMsgBuf) != TSDB_CODE_SUCCESS) {
        return TSDB_CODE_TSC_INVALID_OPERATION;
      }

      pQueryInfo->exprListLevelIndex -= 1;
      // convert the aggregate function to be the input data columns for the outer function.
    }
  }

  if (pSqlExpr->pLeft == NULL) {  // it is the leaf node
    assert(pSqlExpr->pRight == NULL);

    if (pSqlExpr->type == SQL_NODE_VALUE) {
      int32_t ret = TSDB_CODE_SUCCESS;
      *pExpr = calloc(1, sizeof(tExprNode));
      (*pExpr)->nodeType = TEXPR_VALUE_NODE;
      (*pExpr)->pVal = calloc(1, sizeof(SVariant));
      taosVariantAssign((*pExpr)->pVal, &pSqlExpr->value);

      STableMeta* pTableMeta = getMetaInfo(pQueryInfo, 0)->pTableMeta;
      if (pCols != NULL && taosArrayGetSize(pCols) > 0) {
        SColIndex* idx = taosArrayGet(pCols, 0);
        SSchema* pSchema = getOneColumnSchema(pTableMeta, idx->colIndex);

        // convert time by precision
        if (pSchema != NULL && TSDB_DATA_TYPE_TIMESTAMP == pSchema->type && TSDB_DATA_TYPE_BINARY == (*pExpr)->pVal->nType) {
#if 0
          ret = setColumnFilterInfoForTimestamp(pCmd, pQueryInfo, (*pExpr)->pVal);
#endif
        }
      }
      return ret;
    } else if (pSqlExpr->type == SQL_NODE_SQLFUNCTION) {
      // Expression on the results of aggregation functions
      *pExpr = calloc(1, sizeof(tExprNode));
      (*pExpr)->nodeType = TEXPR_COL_NODE;
      (*pExpr)->pSchema = calloc(1, sizeof(SSchema));
      strncpy((*pExpr)->pSchema->name, pSqlExpr->exprToken.z, pSqlExpr->exprToken.n);

      // it must be the aggregate function
      assert(qIsAggregateFunction((*pExpr)->pSchema->name));

      uint64_t uid = findTmpSourceColumnInNextLevel(pQueryInfo, *pExpr);
      if (!(*keepTableCols)) {
        SColumn c = createColumn(uid, NULL, TSDB_COL_TMP, (*pExpr)->pSchema);
        taosArrayPush(pCols, &c);
      }
    } else if (pSqlExpr->type == SQL_NODE_TABLE_COLUMN) { // column name, normal column expression
      int32_t ret = getColumnIndexByName(&pSqlExpr->columnName, pQueryInfo, &index, pMsgBuf);
      if (ret != TSDB_CODE_SUCCESS) {
        return ret;
      }

      *pExpr = doCreateColumnNode(pQueryInfo, &index, *keepTableCols, pCols);
      return TSDB_CODE_SUCCESS;
    } else if (pSqlExpr->tokenId == TK_SET) {
      int32_t colType = -1;
      STableMeta* pTableMeta = getMetaInfo(pQueryInfo, pQueryInfo->curTableIdx)->pTableMeta;
      if (pCols != NULL) {
        size_t colSize = taosArrayGetSize(pCols);

        if (colSize > 0) {
          SColIndex* idx = taosArrayGet(pCols, colSize - 1);
          SSchema* pSchema = getOneColumnSchema(pTableMeta, idx->colIndex);
          if (pSchema != NULL) {
            colType = pSchema->type;
          }
        }
      }

      SVariant *pVal;
      if (colType >= TSDB_DATA_TYPE_TINYINT && colType <= TSDB_DATA_TYPE_BIGINT) {
        colType = TSDB_DATA_TYPE_BIGINT;
      } else if (colType == TSDB_DATA_TYPE_FLOAT || colType == TSDB_DATA_TYPE_DOUBLE) {
        colType = TSDB_DATA_TYPE_DOUBLE;
      }
      STableMetaInfo* pTableMetaInfo = getMetaInfo(pQueryInfo, pQueryInfo->curTableIdx);
      STableComInfo tinfo = getTableInfo(pTableMetaInfo->pTableMeta);
#if 0
      if (serializeExprListToVariant(pSqlExpr->Expr.paramList, &pVal, colType, tinfo.precision) == false) {
        return buildInvalidOperationMsg(pMsgBuf, "not support filter expression");
      }
#endif
      *pExpr = calloc(1, sizeof(tExprNode));
      (*pExpr)->nodeType = TEXPR_VALUE_NODE;
      (*pExpr)->pVal = pVal;
    } else {
      return buildInvalidOperationMsg(pMsgBuf, "not support filter expression");
    }
  } else {
    *pExpr = (tExprNode*)calloc(1, sizeof(tExprNode));
    (*pExpr)->nodeType = TEXPR_BINARYEXPR_NODE;

    (*pExpr)->_node.pLeft = pLeft;
    (*pExpr)->_node.pRight = pRight;

    SToken t = {.type = pSqlExpr->tokenId};
    (*pExpr)->_node.optr = convertRelationalOperator(&t);

    assert((*pExpr)->_node.optr != 0);
  }
  return TSDB_CODE_SUCCESS;
}

static int32_t addScalarExprAndResColumn(SQueryStmtInfo* pQueryInfo, int32_t exprIndex, tSqlExprItem* pItem, SMsgBuf* pMsgBuf) {
  SArray* pColumnList = taosArrayInit(4, sizeof(SColumn));
  SSchema s = createSchema(TSDB_DATA_TYPE_DOUBLE, sizeof(double), getNewResColId(), "");

  int32_t ret = validateSqlExpr(pItem->pNode, pQueryInfo, pMsgBuf);
  if (ret != TSDB_CODE_SUCCESS) {
    return ret;
  }

  tExprNode* pNode = NULL;
  bool       keepTableCols = true;
  ret = sqlExprToExprNode(&pNode, pItem->pNode, pQueryInfo, pColumnList, &keepTableCols, pMsgBuf);
  if (ret != TSDB_CODE_SUCCESS) {
    tExprTreeDestroy(pNode, NULL);
    return buildInvalidOperationMsg(pMsgBuf, "invalid expression in select clause");
  }

  SExprInfo* pExpr = createBinaryExprInfo(pNode, &s);
  setTokenAndResColumnName(pItem, pExpr->base.resSchema.name, pExpr->base.token, TSDB_COL_NAME_LEN);

  SArray*    pExprList = getCurrentExprList(pQueryInfo);
  addExprInfo(pExprList, exprIndex, pExpr, pQueryInfo->exprListLevelIndex);

  // extract columns according to the tExprNode tree
  size_t num = taosArrayGetSize(pColumnList);
  pExpr->base.pColumns = calloc(num, sizeof(SColumn));
  for (int32_t i = 0; i < num; ++i) {
    SColumn* pCol = taosArrayGet(pColumnList, i);
    pExpr->base.pColumns[i] = *pCol;
  }

  pExpr->base.numOfCols = num;

  pExpr->base.numOfParams = 1;
  SBufferWriter bw = tbufInitWriter(NULL, false);
  //    TRY(0) {
  exprTreeToBinary(&bw, pExpr->pExpr);
  //    } CATCH(code) {
  //      tbufCloseWriter(&bw);
  //      UNUSED(code);
  //       TODO: other error handling
  //    } END_TRY

  SSqlExpr* pSqlExpr = &pExpr->base;
  pSqlExpr->param[0].nLen = (int16_t)tbufTell(&bw);
  pSqlExpr->param[0].pz = tbufGetData(&bw, true);
  pSqlExpr->param[0].nType = TSDB_DATA_TYPE_BINARY;

  tbufCloseWriter(&bw);

  if (pQueryInfo->exprListLevelIndex == 0) {
    int32_t exists = getNumOfFields(&pQueryInfo->fieldsInfo);
    addResColumnInfo(pQueryInfo, exists, &pExpr->base.resSchema, pExpr);
  }

  //    tbufCloseWriter(&bw); // TODO there is a memory leak

  taosArrayDestroy(pColumnList);
  return TSDB_CODE_SUCCESS;
}

int32_t validateSelectNodeList(SQueryStmtInfo* pQueryInfo, SArray* pSelNodeList, bool outerQuery, SMsgBuf* pMsgBuf) {
  assert(pSelNodeList != NULL);

  const char* msg1 = "too many items in selection clause";
  const char* msg2 = "functions or others can not be mixed up";
  const char* msg3 = "not support query expression";
  const char* msg4 = "distinct should be in the first place in select clause";
  const char* msg5 = "invalid function name";

  // too many result columns not support order by in query
  if (taosArrayGetSize(pSelNodeList) > TSDB_MAX_COLUMNS) {
    return buildInvalidOperationMsg(pMsgBuf, msg1);
  }

  int32_t code = TSDB_CODE_SUCCESS;
  size_t  numOfExpr = taosArrayGetSize(pSelNodeList);

  for (int32_t i = 0; i < numOfExpr; ++i) {
    int32_t outputIndex = (int32_t) getNumOfExprs(pQueryInfo);
    tSqlExprItem* pItem = taosArrayGet(pSelNodeList, i);
    int32_t type = pItem->pNode->type;

    if (pItem->distinct) {
      if (i != 0 || type == SQL_NODE_SQLFUNCTION || type == SQL_NODE_EXPR) {
        return buildInvalidOperationMsg(pMsgBuf, msg4);
      }

      pQueryInfo->info.distinct = true;
    }

    if (type == SQL_NODE_SQLFUNCTION) {
      bool scalarFunc = false;
      pItem->functionId = qIsBuiltinFunction(pItem->pNode->Expr.operand.z, pItem->pNode->Expr.operand.n, &scalarFunc);
      if (pItem->functionId == FUNCTION_INVALID_ID) { // temporarily disable the udf
//        int32_t functionId = FUNCTION_INVALID_ID;
//        bool valid = qIsValidUdf(pQueryInfo->pUdfInfo, pItem->pNode->Expr.operand.z, pItem->pNode->Expr.operand.n, &functionId);
//        if (!valid) {
          return buildInvalidOperationMsg(pMsgBuf, msg5);
//        }

//        pItem->functionId = functionId;
      }

      if (scalarFunc) { // scalar function
        if ((code = addScalarExprAndResColumn(pQueryInfo, outputIndex, pItem, pMsgBuf)) != TSDB_CODE_SUCCESS) {
          return code;
        }
      } else { // aggregate function
        // sql function in selection clause, append sql function info in pSqlCmd structure sequentially
        if ((code = addAggExprAndResColumn(pQueryInfo, outputIndex, pItem, true, pMsgBuf)) != TSDB_CODE_SUCCESS) {
          return code;
        }
      }
    } else if (type == SQL_NODE_TABLE_COLUMN || type == SQL_NODE_VALUE) {
      // use the dynamic array list to decide if the function is valid or not
      // select table_name1.field_name1, table_name2.field_name2 from table_name1, table_name2
      if ((code = addProjectionExprAndResColumn(pQueryInfo, pItem, outerQuery, pMsgBuf)) != TSDB_CODE_SUCCESS) {
        return code;
      }
    } else if (type == SQL_NODE_EXPR) {
      if ((code = addScalarExprAndResColumn(pQueryInfo, i, pItem, pMsgBuf)) != TSDB_CODE_SUCCESS) {
        return code;
      }
    } else {
      return buildInvalidOperationMsg(pMsgBuf, msg3);
    }
  }

  return TSDB_CODE_SUCCESS;
}

int32_t evaluateSqlNode(SSqlNode* pNode, int32_t tsPrecision, SMsgBuf* pMsgBuf) {
  assert(pNode != NULL && pMsgBuf != NULL && pMsgBuf->len > 0);

  // Evaluate expression in where clause
  if (pNode->pWhere != NULL) {
    int32_t code = evaluateSqlNodeImpl(pNode->pWhere, tsPrecision);
    if (code != TSDB_CODE_SUCCESS) {
      strncpy(pMsgBuf->buf, "invalid time expression in sql", pMsgBuf->len);
      return code;
    }
  }

  // Evaluate the expression in select clause
  size_t size = taosArrayGetSize(pNode->pSelNodeList);
  for(int32_t i = 0; i < size; ++i) {
    tSqlExprItem* pItem = taosArrayGet(pNode->pSelNodeList, i);
    int32_t code = evaluateSqlNodeImpl(pItem->pNode, tsPrecision);
    if (code != TSDB_CODE_SUCCESS) {
      return code;
    }
  }

  return TSDB_CODE_SUCCESS;
}

int32_t qParserValidateSqlNode(struct SCatalog* pCatalog, SSqlInfo* pInfo, SQueryStmtInfo* pQueryInfo, int64_t id, char* msgBuf, int32_t msgBufLen) {
  //1. if it is a query, get the meta info and continue.
  assert(pCatalog != NULL && pInfo != NULL);
  int32_t code = 0;
#if 0
  switch (pInfo->type) {
    case TSDB_SQL_DROP_TABLE:
    case TSDB_SQL_DROP_USER:
    case TSDB_SQL_DROP_ACCT:
    case TSDB_SQL_DROP_DNODE:
    case TSDB_SQL_DROP_DB: {
      const char* msg1 = "param name too long";
      const char* msg2 = "invalid name";

      SToken* pzName = taosArrayGet(pInfo->pMiscInfo->a, 0);
      if ((pInfo->type != TSDB_SQL_DROP_DNODE) && (parserValidateIdToken(pzName) != TSDB_CODE_SUCCESS)) {
        return setInvalidOperatorMsg(pMsgBuf, msg2);
      }

      if (pInfo->type == TSDB_SQL_DROP_DB) {
        assert(taosArrayGetSize(pInfo->pMiscInfo->a) == 1);
        code = tNameSetDbName(&pTableMetaInfo->name, getAccountId(pSql), pzName);
        if (code != TSDB_CODE_SUCCESS) {
          return setInvalidOperatorMsg(pMsgBuf, msg2);
        }

      } else if (pInfo->type == TSDB_SQL_DROP_TABLE) {
        assert(taosArrayGetSize(pInfo->pMiscInfo->a) == 1);

        code = tscSetTableFullName(&pTableMetaInfo->name, pzName, pSql);
        if(code != TSDB_CODE_SUCCESS) {
          return code;
        }
      } else if (pInfo->type == TSDB_SQL_DROP_DNODE) {
        if (pzName->type == TK_STRING) {
          pzName->n = strdequote(pzName->z);
        }
        strncpy(pCmd->payload, pzName->z, pzName->n);
      } else {  // drop user/account
        if (pzName->n >= TSDB_USER_LEN) {
          return setInvalidOperatorMsg(pMsgBuf, msg3);
        }

        strncpy(pCmd->payload, pzName->z, pzName->n);
      }

      break;
    }

    case TSDB_SQL_USE_DB: {
      const char* msg = "invalid db name";
      SToken* pToken = taosArrayGet(pInfo->pMiscInfo->a, 0);

      if (tscValidateName(pToken) != TSDB_CODE_SUCCESS) {
        return setInvalidOperatorMsg(pMsgBuf, msg);
      }

      int32_t ret = tNameSetDbName(&pTableMetaInfo->name, getAccountId(pSql), pToken);
      if (ret != TSDB_CODE_SUCCESS) {
        return setInvalidOperatorMsg(pMsgBuf, msg);
      }

      break;
    }

    case TSDB_SQL_RESET_CACHE: {
      return TSDB_CODE_SUCCESS;
    }

    case TSDB_SQL_SHOW: {
      if (setShowInfo(pSql, pInfo) != TSDB_CODE_SUCCESS) {
        return TSDB_CODE_TSC_INVALID_OPERATION;
      }

      break;
    }

    case TSDB_SQL_CREATE_FUNCTION:
    case TSDB_SQL_DROP_FUNCTION:  {
      code = handleUserDefinedFunc(pSql, pInfo);
      if (code != TSDB_CODE_SUCCESS) {
        return code;
      }

      break;
    }

    case TSDB_SQL_ALTER_DB:
    case TSDB_SQL_CREATE_DB: {
      const char* msg1 = "invalid db name";
      const char* msg2 = "name too long";

      SCreateDbInfo* pCreateDB = &(pInfo->pMiscInfo->dbOpt);
      if (pCreateDB->dbname.n >= TSDB_DB_NAME_LEN) {
        return setInvalidOperatorMsg(pMsgBuf, msg2);
      }

      char buf[TSDB_DB_NAME_LEN] = {0};
      SToken token = taosTokenDup(&pCreateDB->dbname, buf, tListLen(buf));

      if (tscValidateName(&token) != TSDB_CODE_SUCCESS) {
        return setInvalidOperatorMsg(pMsgBuf, msg1);
      }

      int32_t ret = tNameSetDbName(&pTableMetaInfo->name, getAccountId(pSql), &token);
      if (ret != TSDB_CODE_SUCCESS) {
        return setInvalidOperatorMsg(pMsgBuf, msg2);
      }

      if (parseCreateDBOptions(pCmd, pCreateDB) != TSDB_CODE_SUCCESS) {
        return TSDB_CODE_TSC_INVALID_OPERATION;
      }

      break;
    }

    case TSDB_SQL_CREATE_DNODE: {
      const char* msg = "invalid host name (ip address)";

      if (taosArrayGetSize(pInfo->pMiscInfo->a) > 1) {
        return setInvalidOperatorMsg(pMsgBuf, msg);
      }

      SToken* id = taosArrayGet(pInfo->pMiscInfo->a, 0);
      if (id->type == TK_STRING) {
        id->n = strdequote(id->z);
      }
      break;
    }

    case TSDB_SQL_CREATE_ACCT:
    case TSDB_SQL_ALTER_ACCT: {
      const char* msg1 = "invalid state option, available options[no, r, w, all]";
      const char* msg2 = "invalid user/account name";
      const char* msg3 = "name too long";

      SToken* pName = &pInfo->pMiscInfo->user.user;
      SToken* pPwd = &pInfo->pMiscInfo->user.passwd;

      if (handlePassword(pCmd, pPwd) != TSDB_CODE_SUCCESS) {
        return TSDB_CODE_TSC_INVALID_OPERATION;
      }

      if (pName->n >= TSDB_USER_LEN) {
        return setInvalidOperatorMsg(pMsgBuf, msg3);
      }

      if (tscValidateName(pName) != TSDB_CODE_SUCCESS) {
        return setInvalidOperatorMsg(pMsgBuf, msg2);
      }

      SCreateAcctInfo* pAcctOpt = &pInfo->pMiscInfo->acctOpt;
      if (pAcctOpt->stat.n > 0) {
        if (pAcctOpt->stat.z[0] == 'r' && pAcctOpt->stat.n == 1) {
        } else if (pAcctOpt->stat.z[0] == 'w' && pAcctOpt->stat.n == 1) {
        } else if (strncmp(pAcctOpt->stat.z, "all", 3) == 0 && pAcctOpt->stat.n == 3) {
        } else if (strncmp(pAcctOpt->stat.z, "no", 2) == 0 && pAcctOpt->stat.n == 2) {
        } else {
          return setInvalidOperatorMsg(pMsgBuf, msg1);
        }
      }

      break;
    }

    case TSDB_SQL_DESCRIBE_TABLE: {
      const char* msg1 = "invalid table name";

      SToken* pToken = taosArrayGet(pInfo->pMiscInfo->a, 0);
      if (tscValidateName(pToken) != TSDB_CODE_SUCCESS) {
        return setInvalidOperatorMsg(pMsgBuf, msg1);
      }
      // additional msg has been attached already
      code = tscSetTableFullName(&pTableMetaInfo->name, pToken, pSql);
      if (code != TSDB_CODE_SUCCESS) {
        return code;
      }

      return tscGetTableMeta(pSql, pTableMetaInfo);
    }
    case TSDB_SQL_SHOW_CREATE_STABLE:
    case TSDB_SQL_SHOW_CREATE_TABLE: {
      const char* msg1 = "invalid table name";

      SToken* pToken = taosArrayGet(pInfo->pMiscInfo->a, 0);
      if (tscValidateName(pToken) != TSDB_CODE_SUCCESS) {
        return setInvalidOperatorMsg(pMsgBuf, msg1);
      }

      code = tscSetTableFullName(&pTableMetaInfo->name, pToken, pSql);
      if (code != TSDB_CODE_SUCCESS) {
        return code;
      }

      return tscGetTableMeta(pSql, pTableMetaInfo);
    }
    case TSDB_SQL_SHOW_CREATE_DATABASE: {
      const char* msg1 = "invalid database name";

      SToken* pToken = taosArrayGet(pInfo->pMiscInfo->a, 0);
      if (tscValidateName(pToken) != TSDB_CODE_SUCCESS) {
        return setInvalidOperatorMsg(pMsgBuf, msg1);
      }

      if (pToken->n > TSDB_DB_NAME_LEN) {
        return setInvalidOperatorMsg(pMsgBuf, msg1);
      }
      return tNameSetDbName(&pTableMetaInfo->name, getAccountId(pSql), pToken);
    }
    case TSDB_SQL_CFG_DNODE: {
      const char* msg2 = "invalid configure options or values, such as resetlog / debugFlag 135 / balance 'vnode:2-dnode:2' / monitor 1 ";
      const char* msg3 = "invalid dnode ep";

      /* validate the ip address */
      SMiscInfo* pMiscInfo = pInfo->pMiscInfo;

      /* validate the parameter names and options */
      if (validateDNodeConfig(pMiscInfo) != TSDB_CODE_SUCCESS) {
        return setInvalidOperatorMsg(pMsgBuf, msg2);
      }

      char* pMsg = pCmd->payload;

      SCfgDnodeMsg* pCfg = (SCfgDnodeMsg*)pMsg;

      SToken* t0 = taosArrayGet(pMiscInfo->a, 0);
      SToken* t1 = taosArrayGet(pMiscInfo->a, 1);

      t0->n = strdequote(t0->z);
      strncpy(pCfg->ep, t0->z, t0->n);

      if (validateEp(pCfg->ep) != TSDB_CODE_SUCCESS) {
        return setInvalidOperatorMsg(pMsgBuf, msg3);
      }

      strncpy(pCfg->config, t1->z, t1->n);

      if (taosArrayGetSize(pMiscInfo->a) == 3) {
        SToken* t2 = taosArrayGet(pMiscInfo->a, 2);

        pCfg->config[t1->n] = ' ';  // add sep
        strncpy(&pCfg->config[t1->n + 1], t2->z, t2->n);
      }

      break;
    }

    case TSDB_SQL_CREATE_USER:
    case TSDB_SQL_ALTER_USER: {
      const char* msg2 = "invalid user/account name";
      const char* msg3 = "name too long";
      const char* msg5 = "invalid user rights";
      const char* msg7 = "not support options";

      pCmd->command = pInfo->type;

      SUserInfo* pUser = &pInfo->pMiscInfo->user;
      SToken* pName = &pUser->user;
      SToken* pPwd = &pUser->passwd;

      if (pName->n >= TSDB_USER_LEN) {
        return setInvalidOperatorMsg(pMsgBuf, msg3);
      }

      if (tscValidateName(pName) != TSDB_CODE_SUCCESS) {
        return setInvalidOperatorMsg(pMsgBuf, msg2);
      }

      if (pCmd->command == TSDB_SQL_CREATE_USER) {
        if (handlePassword(pCmd, pPwd) != TSDB_CODE_SUCCESS) {
          return TSDB_CODE_TSC_INVALID_OPERATION;
        }
      } else {
        if (pUser->type == TSDB_ALTER_USER_PASSWD) {
          if (handlePassword(pCmd, pPwd) != TSDB_CODE_SUCCESS) {
            return TSDB_CODE_TSC_INVALID_OPERATION;
          }
        } else if (pUser->type == TSDB_ALTER_USER_PRIVILEGES) {
          assert(pPwd->type == TSDB_DATA_TYPE_NULL);

          SToken* pPrivilege = &pUser->privilege;

          if (strncasecmp(pPrivilege->z, "super", 5) == 0 && pPrivilege->n == 5) {
            pCmd->count = 1;
          } else if (strncasecmp(pPrivilege->z, "read", 4) == 0 && pPrivilege->n == 4) {
            pCmd->count = 2;
          } else if (strncasecmp(pPrivilege->z, "write", 5) == 0 && pPrivilege->n == 5) {
            pCmd->count = 3;
          } else {
            return setInvalidOperatorMsg(pMsgBuf, msg5);
          }
        } else {
          return setInvalidOperatorMsg(pMsgBuf, msg7);
        }
      }

      break;
    }

    case TSDB_SQL_CFG_LOCAL: {
      SMiscInfo  *pMiscInfo = pInfo->pMiscInfo;
      const char *msg = "invalid configure options or values";

      // validate the parameter names and options
      if (validateLocalConfig(pMiscInfo) != TSDB_CODE_SUCCESS) {
        return setInvalidOperatorMsg(pMsgBuf, msg);
      }

      int32_t numOfToken = (int32_t) taosArrayGetSize(pMiscInfo->a);
      assert(numOfToken >= 1 && numOfToken <= 2);

      SToken* t = taosArrayGet(pMiscInfo->a, 0);
      strncpy(pCmd->payload, t->z, t->n);
      if (numOfToken == 2) {
        SToken* t1 = taosArrayGet(pMiscInfo->a, 1);
        pCmd->payload[t->n] = ' ';  // add sep
        strncpy(&pCmd->payload[t->n + 1], t1->z, t1->n);
      }
      return TSDB_CODE_SUCCESS;
    }

    case TSDB_SQL_CREATE_TABLE: {
      SCreateTableSql* pCreateTable = pInfo->pCreateTableInfo;

      if (pCreateTable->type == TSQL_CREATE_TABLE || pCreateTable->type == TSQL_CREATE_STABLE) {
        if ((code = doCheckForCreateTable(pSql, 0, pInfo)) != TSDB_CODE_SUCCESS) {
          return code;
        }

      } else if (pCreateTable->type == TSQL_CREATE_TABLE_FROM_STABLE) {
        assert(pCmd->numOfCols == 0);
        if ((code = doCheckForCreateFromStable(pSql, pInfo)) != TSDB_CODE_SUCCESS) {
          return code;
        }

      } else if (pCreateTable->type == TSQL_CREATE_STREAM) {
        if ((code = doCheckForStream(pSql, pInfo)) != TSDB_CODE_SUCCESS) {
          return code;
        }
      }

      break;
    }

    case TSDB_SQL_SELECT: {
      const char * msg1 = "no nested query supported in union clause";
      code = loadAllTableMeta(pSql, pInfo);
      if (code != TSDB_CODE_SUCCESS) {
        return code;
      }

      pQueryInfo = tscGetQueryInfo(pCmd);

      size_t size = taosArrayGetSize(pInfo->list);
      for (int32_t i = 0; i < size; ++i) {
        SSqlNode* pSqlNode = taosArrayGetP(pInfo->list, i);

        tscTrace("0x%"PRIx64" start to parse the %dth subclause, total:%"PRIzu, pSql->self, i, size);

        if (size > 1 && pSqlNode->from && pSqlNode->from->type == SQL_FROM_NODE_SUBQUERY) {
          return setInvalidOperatorMsg(pMsgBuf, msg1);
        }

//        normalizeSqlNode(pSqlNode); // normalize the column name in each function
        if ((code = validateSqlNode(pSql, pSqlNode, pQueryInfo)) != TSDB_CODE_SUCCESS) {
          return code;
        }

        tscPrintSelNodeList(pSql, i);

        if ((i + 1) < size && pQueryInfo->sibling == NULL) {
          if ((code = tscAddQueryInfo(pCmd)) != TSDB_CODE_SUCCESS) {
            return code;
          }

          SArray *pUdfInfo = NULL;
          if (pQueryInfo->pUdfInfo) {
            pUdfInfo = taosArrayDup(pQueryInfo->pUdfInfo);
          }

          pQueryInfo = pCmd->active;
          pQueryInfo->pUdfInfo = pUdfInfo;
          pQueryInfo->udfCopy = true;
        }
      }

      if ((code = normalizeVarDataTypeLength(pCmd)) != TSDB_CODE_SUCCESS) {
        return code;
      }

      // set the command/global limit parameters from the first subclause to the sqlcmd object
      pCmd->active = pCmd->pQueryInfo;
      pCmd->command = pCmd->pQueryInfo->command;

      STableMetaInfo* pTableMetaInfo1 = getMetaInfo(pCmd->active, 0);
      if (pTableMetaInfo1->pTableMeta != NULL) {
        pSql->res.precision = tscGetTableInfo(pTableMetaInfo1->pTableMeta).precision;
      }

      return TSDB_CODE_SUCCESS;  // do not build query message here
    }

    case TSDB_SQL_ALTER_TABLE: {
      if ((code = setAlterTableInfo(pSql, pInfo)) != TSDB_CODE_SUCCESS) {
        return code;
      }

      break;
    }

    case TSDB_SQL_KILL_QUERY:
    case TSDB_SQL_KILL_STREAM:
    case TSDB_SQL_KILL_CONNECTION: {
      if ((code = setKillInfo(pSql, pInfo, pInfo->type)) != TSDB_CODE_SUCCESS) {
        return code;
      }
      break;
    }

    case TSDB_SQL_SYNC_DB_REPLICA: {
      const char* msg1 = "invalid db name";
      SToken* pzName = taosArrayGet(pInfo->pMiscInfo->a, 0);

      assert(taosArrayGetSize(pInfo->pMiscInfo->a) == 1);
      code = tNameSetDbName(&pTableMetaInfo->name, getAccountId(pSql), pzName);
      if (code != TSDB_CODE_SUCCESS) {
        return setInvalidOperatorMsg(pMsgBuf, msg1);
      }
      break;
    }
    case TSDB_SQL_COMPACT_VNODE:{
      const char* msg = "invalid compact";
      if (setCompactVnodeInfo(pSql, pInfo) != TSDB_CODE_SUCCESS) {
        return setInvalidOperatorMsg(pMsgBuf, msg);
      }
      break;
    }
    default:
      return setInvalidOperatorMsg(pMsgBuf, "not support sql expression");
  }
#endif

  SMetaReq req = {0};
  SMetaData data = {0};

  // TODO: check if the qnode info has been cached already
  req.qNodeEpset = true;
  code = qParserExtractRequestedMetaInfo(pInfo, &req, msgBuf, msgBufLen);
  if (code != TSDB_CODE_SUCCESS) {
    return code;
  }

  // load the meta data from catalog
  code = catalogGetMetaData(pCatalog, &req, &data);
  if (code != TSDB_CODE_SUCCESS) {
    return code;
  }

  // evaluate the sqlnode
  STableMeta* pTableMeta = (STableMeta*) taosArrayGetP(data.pTableMeta, 0);
  assert(pTableMeta != NULL);

  SMsgBuf buf = {.buf = msgBuf, .len = msgBufLen};

  size_t len = taosArrayGetSize(pInfo->sub.node);
  for(int32_t i = 0; i < len; ++i) {
    SSqlNode* p = taosArrayGetP(pInfo->sub.node, i);
    code = evaluateSqlNode(p, pTableMeta->tableInfo.precision, &buf);
    if (code != TSDB_CODE_SUCCESS) {
      return code;
    }
  }

  for(int32_t i = 0; i < len; ++i) {
    SSqlNode* p = taosArrayGetP(pInfo->sub.node, i);
    validateSqlNode(p, pQueryInfo, &buf);
  }


  return code;
}