tdbBtree.c

/*
 * Copyright (c) 2019 TAOS Data, Inc. <jhtao@taosdata.com>
 *
 * This program is free software: you can use, redistribute, and/or modify
 * it under the terms of the GNU Affero General Public License, version 3
 * or later ("AGPL"), as published by the Free Software Foundation.
 *
 * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
 * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
 * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
 *
 * You should have received a copy of the GNU Affero General Public License
 * along with this program. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 */

#include "tdbInt.h"

#define TDB_BTREE_ROOT 0x1
#define TDB_BTREE_LEAF 0x2

#define TDB_BTREE_PAGE_IS_ROOT(flags) TDB_FLAG_HAS(flags, TDB_BTREE_ROOT)
#define TDB_BTREE_PAGE_IS_LEAF(flags) TDB_FLAG_HAS(flags, TDB_BTREE_LEAF)
#define TDB_BTREE_ASSERT_FLAG(flags)                                                 \
  ASSERT(TDB_FLAG_IS(flags, TDB_BTREE_ROOT) || TDB_FLAG_IS(flags, TDB_BTREE_LEAF) || \
         TDB_FLAG_IS(flags, TDB_BTREE_ROOT | TDB_BTREE_LEAF) || TDB_FLAG_IS(flags, 0))

struct SBTree {
  SPgno          root;
  int            keyLen;
  int            valLen;
  SPager        *pPager;
  FKeyComparator kcmpr;
  u8             fanout;
  int            pageSize;
  int            maxLocal;
  int            minLocal;
  int            maxLeaf;
  int            minLeaf;
  u8            *pTmp;
};

typedef struct __attribute__((__packed__)) {
  SPgno rChild;
} SBtPageHdr;

typedef struct {
  u16     flags;
  SBTree *pBt;
} SBtreeZeroPageArg;

typedef struct {
  int   kLen;
  u8   *pKey;
  int   vLen;
  u8   *pVal;
  SPgno pgno;
  u8   *pTmpSpace;
} SCellDecoder;

static int tdbBtCursorMoveTo(SBtCursor *pCur, const void *pKey, int kLen, int *pCRst);
static int tdbDefaultKeyCmprFn(const void *pKey1, int keyLen1, const void *pKey2, int keyLen2);
static int tdbBtreeOpenImpl(SBTree *pBt);
static int tdbBtreeZeroPage(SPage *pPage, void *arg);
static int tdbBtreeInitPage(SPage *pPage, void *arg);
static int tdbBtreeEncodeCell(SPage *pPage, const void *pKey, int kLen, const void *pVal, int vLen, SCell *pCell,
                              int *szCell);
static int tdbBtreeDecodeCell(SPage *pPage, const SCell *pCell, SCellDecoder *pDecoder);
static int tdbBtreeBalance(SBtCursor *pCur);

int tdbBtreeOpen(int keyLen, int valLen, SPager *pPager, FKeyComparator kcmpr, SBTree **ppBt) {
  SBTree *pBt;
  int     ret;

  *ppBt = NULL;

  pBt = (SBTree *)calloc(1, sizeof(*pBt));
  if (pBt == NULL) {
    return -1;
  }

  // pBt->keyLen
  pBt->keyLen = keyLen;
  // pBt->valLen
  pBt->valLen = valLen;
  // pBt->pPager
  pBt->pPager = pPager;
  // pBt->kcmpr
  pBt->kcmpr = kcmpr ? kcmpr : tdbDefaultKeyCmprFn;
  // pBt->fanout
  if (keyLen == TDB_VARIANT_LEN) {
    pBt->fanout = TDB_DEFAULT_FANOUT;
  } else {
    ASSERT(0);
    // TODO: pBt->fanout = 0;
  }
  // pBt->pageSize
  pBt->pageSize = tdbPagerGetPageSize(pPager);
  // pBt->maxLocal
  pBt->maxLocal = (pBt->pageSize - 14) / pBt->fanout;
  // pBt->minLocal: Should not be allowed smaller than 15, which is [nPayload][nKey][nData]
  pBt->minLocal = (pBt->pageSize - 14) / pBt->fanout / 2;
  // pBt->maxLeaf
  pBt->maxLeaf = pBt->pageSize - 14;
  // pBt->minLeaf
  pBt->minLeaf = pBt->minLocal;

  // TODO: pBt->root
  ret = tdbBtreeOpenImpl(pBt);
  if (ret < 0) {
    free(pBt);
    return -1;
  }

  *ppBt = pBt;
  return 0;
}

int tdbBtreeClose(SBTree *pBt) {
  // TODO
  return 0;
}

int tdbBtreeCursor(SBtCursor *pCur, SBTree *pBt) {
  pCur->pBt = pBt;
  pCur->iPage = -1;
  pCur->pPage = NULL;
  pCur->idx = -1;

  return 0;
}

int tdbBtCursorInsert(SBtCursor *pCur, const void *pKey, int kLen, const void *pVal, int vLen) {
  int     ret;
  int     idx;
  SPager *pPager;
  SCell  *pCell;
  int     szCell;
  int     cret;
  SBTree *pBt;

  ret = tdbBtCursorMoveTo(pCur, pKey, kLen, &cret);
  if (ret < 0) {
    // TODO: handle error
    return -1;
  }

  if (pCur->idx == -1) {
    ASSERT(TDB_PAGE_NCELLS(pCur->pPage) == 0);
    idx = 0;
  } else {
    if (cret > 0) {
      idx = pCur->idx + 1;
    } else if (cret < 0) {
      idx = pCur->idx;
    } else {
      /* TODO */
      ASSERT(0);
    }
  }

  // TODO: refact code here
  pBt = pCur->pBt;
  if (!pBt->pTmp) {
    pBt->pTmp = (u8 *)malloc(pBt->pageSize);
    if (pBt->pTmp == NULL) {
      return -1;
    }
  }

  pCell = pBt->pTmp;

  // Encode the cell
  ret = tdbBtreeEncodeCell(pCur->pPage, pKey, kLen, pVal, vLen, pCell, &szCell);
  if (ret < 0) {
    return -1;
  }

  // Insert the cell to the index
  ret = tdbPageInsertCell(pCur->pPage, idx, pCell, szCell);
  if (ret < 0) {
    return -1;
  }

  // If page is overflow, balance the tree
  if (pCur->pPage->nOverflow > 0) {
    ret = tdbBtreeBalance(pCur);
    if (ret < 0) {
      return -1;
    }
  }

  return 0;
}

static int tdbBtCursorMoveToChild(SBtCursor *pCur, SPgno pgno) {
  // TODO
  return 0;
}

static int tdbBtCursorMoveTo(SBtCursor *pCur, const void *pKey, int kLen, int *pCRst) {
  int     ret;
  SBTree *pBt;
  SPager *pPager;

  pBt = pCur->pBt;
  pPager = pBt->pPager;

  if (pCur->iPage < 0) {
    ASSERT(pCur->iPage == -1);
    ASSERT(pCur->idx == -1);

    // Move from the root
    ret = tdbPagerFetchPage(pPager, pBt->root, &(pCur->pPage), tdbBtreeInitPage, pBt);
    if (ret < 0) {
      ASSERT(0);
      return -1;
    }

    pCur->iPage = 0;

    if (TDB_PAGE_NCELLS(pCur->pPage) == 0) {
      // Current page is empty
      ASSERT(TDB_FLAG_IS(TDB_PAGE_FLAGS(pCur->pPage), TDB_BTREE_ROOT | TDB_BTREE_LEAF));
      return 0;
    }

    for (;;) {
      int          lidx, ridx, midx, c, nCells;
      SCell       *pCell;
      SPage       *pPage;
      SCellDecoder cd = {0};

      pPage = pCur->pPage;
      nCells = TDB_PAGE_NCELLS(pPage);
      lidx = 0;
      ridx = nCells - 1;

      ASSERT(nCells > 0);

      for (;;) {
        if (lidx > ridx) break;

        midx = (lidx + ridx) >> 1;

        pCell = TDB_PAGE_CELL_AT(pPage, midx);
        ret = tdbBtreeDecodeCell(pPage, pCell, &cd);
        if (ret < 0) {
          // TODO: handle error
          ASSERT(0);
          return -1;
        }

        // Compare the key values
        c = pBt->kcmpr(pKey, kLen, cd.pKey, cd.kLen);
        if (c < 0) {
          /* input-key < cell-key */
          ridx = midx - 1;
        } else if (c > 0) {
          /* input-key > cell-key */
          lidx = midx + 1;
        } else {
          /* input-key == cell-key */
          break;
        }
      }

      // Move downward or break
      u16 flags = TDB_PAGE_FLAGS(pPage);
      u8  leaf = TDB_BTREE_PAGE_IS_LEAF(flags);
      if (leaf) {
        pCur->idx = midx;
        *pCRst = c;
        break;
      } else {
        if (c <= 0) {
          pCur->idx = midx;
          tdbBtCursorMoveToChild(pCur, cd.pgno);
        } else {
          if (midx == nCells - 1) {
            /* Move to right-most child */
            pCur->idx = midx + 1;
            tdbBtCursorMoveToChild(pCur, ((SBtPageHdr *)(pPage->pAmHdr))->rChild);
          } else {
            // TODO: reset cd as uninitialized
            pCur->idx = midx + 1;
            pCell = TDB_PAGE_CELL_AT(pPage, midx + 1);
            tdbBtreeDecodeCell(pPage, pCell, &cd);
            tdbBtCursorMoveToChild(pCur, cd.pgno);
          }
        }
      }
    }

  } else {
    // TODO: Move the cursor from a some position instead of a clear state
    ASSERT(0);
  }

  return 0;
}

static int tdbBtCursorMoveToRoot(SBtCursor *pCur) {
  SBTree *pBt;
  SPager *pPager;
  SPage  *pPage;
  int     ret;

  pBt = pCur->pBt;
  pPager = pBt->pPager;

  // pPage = tdbPagerGet(pPager, pBt->root, true);
  // if (pPage == NULL) {
  //   // TODO: handle error
  // }

  // ret = tdbInitBtPage(pPage, &pBtPage);
  // if (ret < 0) {
  //   // TODO
  //   return 0;
  // }

  // pCur->pPage = pBtPage;
  // pCur->iPage = 0;

  return 0;
}

static int tdbDefaultKeyCmprFn(const void *pKey1, int keyLen1, const void *pKey2, int keyLen2) {
  int mlen;
  int cret;

  ASSERT(keyLen1 > 0 && keyLen2 > 0 && pKey1 != NULL && pKey2 != NULL);

  mlen = keyLen1 < keyLen2 ? keyLen1 : keyLen2;
  cret = memcmp(pKey1, pKey2, mlen);
  if (cret == 0) {
    if (keyLen1 < keyLen2) {
      cret = -1;
    } else if (keyLen1 > keyLen2) {
      cret = 1;
    } else {
      cret = 0;
    }
  }
  return cret;
}

static int tdbBtreeOpenImpl(SBTree *pBt) {
  // Try to get the root page of the an existing btree

  SPgno  pgno;
  SPage *pPage;
  int    ret;

  {
    // 1. TODO: Search the main DB to check if the DB exists
    pgno = 0;
  }

  if (pgno != 0) {
    pBt->root = pgno;
    return 0;
  }

  // Try to create a new database
  SBtreeZeroPageArg zArg = {.flags = TDB_BTREE_ROOT | TDB_BTREE_LEAF, .pBt = pBt};
  ret = tdbPagerNewPage(pBt->pPager, &pgno, &pPage, tdbBtreeZeroPage, &zArg);
  if (ret < 0) {
    return -1;
  }

  // TODO: Unref the page

  ASSERT(pgno != 0);
  pBt->root = pgno;

  return 0;
}

static int tdbBtreeInitPage(SPage *pPage, void *arg) {
  SBTree *pBt;
  u16     flags;
  u8      isLeaf;

  pBt = (SBTree *)arg;

  flags = TDB_PAGE_FLAGS(pPage);
  isLeaf = TDB_BTREE_PAGE_IS_LEAF(flags);
  if (isLeaf) {
    pPage->szAmHdr = 0;
  } else {
    pPage->szAmHdr = sizeof(SBtPageHdr);
  }
  pPage->pPageHdr = pPage->pData;
  pPage->pAmHdr = pPage->pPageHdr + pPage->pPageMethods->szPageHdr;
  pPage->pCellIdx = pPage->pAmHdr + pPage->szAmHdr;
  pPage->pFreeStart = pPage->pCellIdx + pPage->pPageMethods->szOffset * TDB_PAGE_NCELLS(pPage);
  pPage->pFreeEnd = pPage->pData + TDB_PAGE_CCELLS(pPage);
  pPage->pPageFtr = (SPageFtr *)(pPage->pData + pPage->pageSize - sizeof(SPageFtr));

  TDB_BTREE_ASSERT_FLAG(flags);

  // Init other fields
  if (isLeaf) {
    pPage->kLen = pBt->keyLen;
    pPage->vLen = pBt->valLen;
    pPage->maxLocal = pBt->maxLeaf;
    pPage->minLocal = pBt->minLeaf;
  } else {
    pPage->kLen = pBt->keyLen;
    pPage->vLen = sizeof(SPgno);
    pPage->maxLocal = pBt->maxLocal;
    pPage->minLocal = pBt->minLocal;
  }

  // TODO: need to update the SPage.nFree
  pPage->nFree = pPage->pFreeEnd - pPage->pFreeStart;
  pPage->nOverflow = 0;

  return 0;
}

static int tdbBtreeZeroPage(SPage *pPage, void *arg) {
  u16     flags;
  SBTree *pBt;

  flags = ((SBtreeZeroPageArg *)arg)->flags;
  pBt = ((SBtreeZeroPageArg *)arg)->pBt;

  pPage->pPageHdr = pPage->pData;

  // Init the page header
  TDB_PAGE_FLAGS_SET(pPage, flags);
  TDB_PAGE_NCELLS_SET(pPage, 0);
  TDB_PAGE_CCELLS_SET(pPage, pBt->pageSize - sizeof(SPageFtr));
  TDB_PAGE_FCELL_SET(pPage, 0);
  TDB_PAGE_NFREE_SET(pPage, 0);

  tdbBtreeInitPage(pPage, (void *)pBt);

  return 0;
}

#ifndef TDB_BTREE_BALANCE
typedef struct {
  SBTree *pBt;
  SPage  *pParent;
  int     idx;
  i8      nOld;
  SPage  *pOldPages[3];
  i8      nNewPages;
  SPage  *pNewPages[5];
} SBtreeBalanceHelper;

static int tdbBtreeCopyPageContent(SPage *pFrom, SPage *pTo) {
  int nCells = TDB_PAGE_NCELLS(pFrom);
  int cCells = TDB_PAGE_CCELLS(pFrom);
  int fCell = TDB_PAGE_FCELL(pFrom);
  int nFree = TDB_PAGE_NFREE(pFrom);

  pTo->pFreeStart = pTo->pCellIdx + nCells * pFrom->pPageMethods->szOffset;
  memcpy(pTo->pCellIdx, pFrom->pCellIdx, nCells * pFrom->pPageMethods->szOffset);
  pTo->pFreeEnd = (u8 *)pTo->pPageFtr - (u8 *)(pFrom->pPageFtr) + pFrom->pFreeEnd;
  memcpy(pTo->pFreeEnd, pFrom->pFreeEnd, (u8 *)pFrom->pPageFtr - pFrom->pFreeEnd);

  TDB_PAGE_NCELLS_SET(pTo, nCells);
  TDB_PAGE_CCELLS_SET(pTo, cCells);
  TDB_PAGE_FCELL_SET(pTo, fCell);
  TDB_PAGE_NFREE_SET(pTo, nFree);

  // TODO: update other fields

  return 0;
}

static int tdbBtreeBalanceDeeper(SBTree *pBt, SPage *pRoot, SPage **ppChild) {
  SPager           *pPager;
  SPage            *pChild;
  SPgno             pgnoChild;
  int               ret;
  SBtreeZeroPageArg zArg;

  pPager = pRoot->pPager;

  // Allocate a new child page
  zArg.flags = TDB_BTREE_LEAF;
  zArg.pBt = pBt;
  ret = tdbPagerNewPage(pPager, &pgnoChild, &pChild, tdbBtreeZeroPage, &zArg);
  if (ret < 0) {
    return -1;
  }

  // Copy the root page content to the child page
  ret = tdbBtreeCopyPageContent(pRoot, pChild);
  if (ret < 0) {
    return -1;
  }

  pChild->nOverflow = pRoot->nOverflow;
  for (int i = 0; i < pChild->nOverflow; i++) {
    pChild->apOvfl[i] = pRoot->apOvfl[i];
    pChild->aiOvfl[i] = pRoot->aiOvfl[i];
  }

  // Reinitialize the root page
  zArg.flags = TDB_BTREE_ROOT;
  zArg.pBt = pBt;
  ret = tdbBtreeZeroPage(pRoot, &zArg);
  if (ret < 0) {
    return -1;
  }

  ((SBtPageHdr *)pRoot->pAmHdr)[0].rChild = pgnoChild;

  *ppChild = pChild;
  return 0;
}

static int tdbBtreeBalanceStep1(SBtreeBalanceHelper *pBlh) {
  int          nCells;
  int          i;
  int          idxStart;
  int          nChild;
  int          ret;
  SPage       *pParent;
  SPgno        pgno;
  SCell       *pCell;
  SCellDecoder cd;
  SBTree      *pBt;

  pParent = pBlh->pParent;
  nCells = TDB_PAGE_NCELLS(pParent);
  nChild = nCells + 1;
  pBt = pBlh->pBt;

  // TODO:  ASSERT below needs to be removed
  ASSERT(pParent->nOverflow == 0);
  ASSERT(pBlh->idx <= nCells);

  if (nChild < 3) {
    idxStart = 0;
    pBlh->nOld = nChild;
  } else {
    if (pBlh->idx == 0) {
      idxStart = 0;
    } else if (pBlh->idx == nCells) {
      idxStart = pBlh->idx - 2;
    } else {
      idxStart = pBlh->idx - 1;
    }
    pBlh->nOld = 3;
  }

  i = pBlh->nOld - 1;

  if (idxStart + i == nCells) {
    pgno = ((SBtPageHdr *)(pParent->pAmHdr))[0].rChild;
  } else {
    pCell = TDB_PAGE_CELL_AT(pParent, idxStart + i);
    // TODO: no need to decode the payload part, and even the kLen, vLen part
    // we only need the pgno part
    ret = tdbBtreeDecodeCell(pParent, pCell, &cd);
    if (ret < 0) {
      ASSERT(0);
      return -1;
    }
    pgno = cd.pgno;
  }
  for (;;) {
    ret = tdbPagerFetchPage(pBt->pPager, pgno, &(pBlh->pOldPages[i]), tdbBtreeInitPage, pBt);
    if (ret < 0) {
      ASSERT(0);
      return -1;
    }

    // Loop over
    if ((i--) == 0) break;

    {
      // TODO
      // ASSERT(0);
    }
  }

  return 0;
}

static int tdbBtreeBalanceStep2(SBtreeBalanceHelper *pBlh) {
#if 0
  SPage *pPage;
  int    oidx;
  int    cidx;
  int    limit;
  SCell *pCell;

  for (int i = 0; i < pBlh->nOld; i++) {
    pPage = pBlh->pOldPages[i];
    oidx = 0;
    cidx = 0;

    if (oidx < pPage->nOverflow) {
      limit = pPage->aiOvfl[oidx];
    } else {
      limit = pPage->pPageHdr->nCells;
    }

    // Loop to copy each cell pointer out
    for (;;) {
      if (oidx >= pPage->nOverflow && cidx >= pPage->pPageHdr->nCells) break;

      if (cidx < limit) {
        // Get local cells
        pCell = TDB_PAGE_CELL_AT(pPage, cidx);
      } else if (cidx == limit) {
        // Get overflow cells
        pCell = pPage->apOvfl[oidx++];

        if (oidx < pPage->nOverflow) {
          limit = pPage->aiOvfl[oidx];
        } else {
          limit = pPage->pPageHdr->nCells;
        }
      } else {
        ASSERT(0);
      }
    }

    {
      // TODO: Copy divider cells here
    }
  }

  /* TODO */

#endif
  return 0;
}

static int tdbBtreeBalanceStep3(SBtreeBalanceHelper *pBlh) {
  // Figure out number of pages needed after balance
  for (int i = 0; i < pBlh->nOld; i++) {
    /* TODO */
  }

  return 0;
}

static int tdbBtreeBalanceStep4(SBtreeBalanceHelper *pBlh) {
  // TODO
  return 0;
}

static int tdbBtreeBalanceStep5(SBtreeBalanceHelper *pBlh) {
  // TODO
  return 0;
}

static int tdbBtreeBalanceStep6(SBtreeBalanceHelper *pBlh) {
  // TODO
  return 0;
}

static int tdbBtreeBalanceNonRoot(SBTree *pBt, SPage *pParent, int idx) {
  int                 ret;
  SBtreeBalanceHelper blh;

  ASSERT(!TDB_BTREE_PAGE_IS_LEAF(TDB_PAGE_FLAGS(pParent)));

  blh.pBt = pBt;
  blh.pParent = pParent;
  blh.idx = idx;

  // Step 1: find two sibling pages and get engough info about the old pages
  ret = tdbBtreeBalanceStep1(&blh);
  if (ret < 0) {
    ASSERT(0);
    return -1;
  }

  // Step 2: Load all cells on the old page and the divider cells
  ret = tdbBtreeBalanceStep2(&blh);
  if (ret < 0) {
    ASSERT(0);
    return -1;
  }

  // Step 3: Get the number of pages needed to hold all cells
  ret = tdbBtreeBalanceStep3(&blh);
  if (ret < 0) {
    ASSERT(0);
    return -1;
  }

  // Step 4: Allocate enough new pages. Reuse old pages as much as possible
  ret = tdbBtreeBalanceStep4(&blh);
  if (ret < 0) {
    ASSERT(0);
    return -1;
  }

  // Step 5: Insert new divider cells into pParent
  ret = tdbBtreeBalanceStep5(&blh);
  if (ret < 0) {
    ASSERT(0);
    return -1;
  }

  // Step 6: Update the sibling pages
  ret = tdbBtreeBalanceStep6(&blh);
  if (ret < 0) {
    ASSERT(0);
    return -1;
  }

  {
      // TODO: Reset states
  }

  {
    // TODO: Clear resources
  }

  return 0;
}

static int tdbBtreeBalance(SBtCursor *pCur) {
  int    iPage;
  SPage *pParent;
  SPage *pPage;
  int    ret;
  u16    flags;
  u8     leaf;
  u8     root;

  // Main loop to balance the BTree
  for (;;) {
    iPage = pCur->iPage;
    pPage = pCur->pPage;
    flags = TDB_PAGE_FLAGS(pPage);
    leaf = TDB_BTREE_PAGE_IS_LEAF(flags);
    root = TDB_BTREE_PAGE_IS_ROOT(flags);

    // TODO: Get the page free space if not get yet
    // if (pPage->nFree < 0) {
    //   if (tdbBtreeComputeFreeSpace(pPage) < 0) {
    //     return -1;
    //   }
    // }

    // when the page is not overflow and not too empty, the balance work
    // is finished. Just break out the balance loop.
    if (pPage->nOverflow == 0 /* TODO: && pPage->nFree <= */) {
      break;
    }

    if (iPage == 0) {
      // For the root page, only balance when the page is overfull,
      // ignore the case of empty
      if (pPage->nOverflow == 0) break;

      ret = tdbBtreeBalanceDeeper(pCur->pBt, pCur->pPage, &(pCur->pgStack[1]));
      if (ret < 0) {
        return -1;
      }

      pCur->idx = 0;
      pCur->idxStack[0] = 0;
      pCur->pgStack[0] = pCur->pPage;
      pCur->iPage = 1;
      pCur->pPage = pCur->pgStack[1];
    } else {
      // Generalized balance step
      pParent = pCur->pgStack[iPage - 1];

      ret = tdbBtreeBalanceNonRoot(pCur->pBt, pParent, pCur->idxStack[pCur->iPage - 1]);
      if (ret < 0) {
        return -1;
      }

      pCur->iPage--;
      pCur->pPage = pCur->pgStack[pCur->iPage];
    }
  }

  return 0;
}
#endif

#ifndef TDB_BTREE_CELL  // =========================================================
static int tdbBtreeEncodePayload(SPage *pPage, u8 *pPayload, const void *pKey, int kLen, const void *pVal, int vLen,
                                 int *szPayload) {
  int nPayload;

  ASSERT(pKey != NULL);

  if (pVal == NULL) {
    vLen = 0;
  }

  nPayload = kLen + vLen;
  if (nPayload <= pPage->maxLocal) {
    // General case without overflow
    memcpy(pPayload, pKey, kLen);
    if (pVal) {
      memcpy(pPayload + kLen, pVal, vLen);
    }

    *szPayload = nPayload;
    return 0;
  }

  {
    // TODO: handle overflow case
    ASSERT(0);
  }

  return 0;
}

static int tdbBtreeEncodeCell(SPage *pPage, const void *pKey, int kLen, const void *pVal, int vLen, SCell *pCell,
                              int *szCell) {
  u16 flags;
  u8  leaf;
  int nHeader;
  int nPayload;
  int ret;

  ASSERT(pPage->kLen == TDB_VARIANT_LEN || pPage->kLen == kLen);
  ASSERT(pPage->vLen == TDB_VARIANT_LEN || pPage->vLen == vLen);

  nPayload = 0;
  nHeader = 0;
  flags = TDB_PAGE_FLAGS(pPage);
  leaf = TDB_BTREE_PAGE_IS_LEAF(flags);

  // 1. Encode Header part
  /* Encode kLen if need */
  if (pPage->kLen == TDB_VARIANT_LEN) {
    nHeader += tdbPutVarInt(pCell + nHeader, kLen);
  }

  /* Encode vLen if need */
  if (pPage->vLen == TDB_VARIANT_LEN) {
    nHeader += tdbPutVarInt(pCell + nHeader, vLen);
  }

  /* Encode SPgno if interior page */
  if (!leaf) {
    ASSERT(pPage->vLen == sizeof(SPgno));

    ((SPgno *)(pCell + nHeader))[0] = ((SPgno *)pVal)[0];
    nHeader = nHeader + sizeof(SPgno);
  }

  // 2. Encode payload part
  if (leaf) {
    ret = tdbBtreeEncodePayload(pPage, pCell + nHeader, pKey, kLen, pVal, vLen, &nPayload);
  } else {
    ret = tdbBtreeEncodePayload(pPage, pCell + nHeader, pKey, kLen, NULL, 0, &nPayload);
  }
  if (ret < 0) {
    // TODO: handle error
    return -1;
  }

  *szCell = nHeader + nPayload;
  return 0;
}

static int tdbBtreeDecodePayload(SPage *pPage, const u8 *pPayload, SCellDecoder *pDecoder) {
  int nPayload;

  ASSERT(pDecoder->pKey == NULL);

  if (pDecoder->pVal) {
    nPayload = pDecoder->kLen + pDecoder->vLen;
  } else {
    nPayload = pDecoder->kLen;
  }

  if (nPayload <= pPage->maxLocal) {
    // General case without overflow
    pDecoder->pKey = (void *)pPayload;
    if (!pDecoder->pVal) {
      pDecoder->pVal = (void *)(pPayload + pDecoder->kLen);
    }
  } else {
    // TODO: handle overflow case
    ASSERT(0);
  }

  return 0;
}

static int tdbBtreeDecodeCell(SPage *pPage, const SCell *pCell, SCellDecoder *pDecoder) {
  u16 flags;
  u8  leaf;
  int nHeader;
  int ret;

  nHeader = 0;
  flags = TDB_PAGE_FLAGS(pPage);
  leaf = TDB_BTREE_PAGE_IS_LEAF(flags);

  // Clear the state of decoder
  pDecoder->kLen = -1;
  pDecoder->pKey = NULL;
  pDecoder->vLen = -1;
  pDecoder->pVal = NULL;
  pDecoder->pgno = 0;

  // 1. Decode header part
  if (pPage->kLen == TDB_VARIANT_LEN) {
    nHeader += tdbGetVarInt(pCell + nHeader, &(pDecoder->kLen));
  } else {
    pDecoder->kLen = pPage->kLen;
  }

  if (pPage->vLen == TDB_VARIANT_LEN) {
    nHeader += tdbGetVarInt(pCell + nHeader, &(pDecoder->vLen));
  } else {
    pDecoder->vLen = pPage->vLen;
  }

  if (!leaf) {
    ASSERT(pPage->vLen == sizeof(SPgno));

    pDecoder->pgno = ((SPgno *)(pCell + nHeader))[0];
    pDecoder->pVal = (u8 *)(&(pDecoder->pgno));
    nHeader = nHeader + sizeof(SPgno);
  }

  // 2. Decode payload part
  ret = tdbBtreeDecodePayload(pPage, pCell + nHeader, pDecoder);
  if (ret < 0) {
    return -1;
  }

  return 0;
}

#endif