printf.h

//  Copyright (c) 2018 PaddlePaddle Authors. All Rights Reserved.
//
// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
// You may obtain a copy of the License at
//
//    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
//
// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
// limitations under the License.

// Compared with std::stringstream, there are primary purpose of
// string::Printf:
//
// 1. Type-safe printing, with why and how explained in
//    http://www.drdobbs.com/stringprintf-a-typesafe-printf-family-fo/184401999.
//    Implementation includes
//
//    https://github.com/c42f/tinyformat
//    boost::format
//    std::stringstream
//
//    std::stringstream is not convenient enough in many cases.  For example:
//
//      std::cout << std::setprecision(2) << std::fixed << 1.23456 << "\n";
//
//    boost::format is the most convenient one.  We can have
//
//      std::cout << format("%2% %1%") % 36 % 77;
//
//    or
//
//      format fmter("%2% %1%");
//      fmter % 36; fmter % 77;
//      std::cout << fmter.c_str();
//
//    But the overloading of % might be overkilling and it would be
//    more efficient if it can write to std::cout directly.
//
//    tinyformat has an interface compatible with the C-printf style,
//    and it can writes to a stream or returns a std::string:
//
//      std::cout << tfm::printf(
//                  "%s, %s %d, %.2d:%.2d\n",
//                  weekday, month, day, hour, min);
//
//    or
//
//      tfm::format(std::cout,
//                  "%s, %s %d, %.2d:%.2d\n",
//                  weekday, month, day, hour, min);
//
// 2. High-performance -- most printed strings are not too long and
//    doens't need dynamic memory allocation.  Many StringPrintf
//    implementations doesn't enforce type-safe, but are
//    high-performance, including
//
//    https://developers.google.com/optimization/reference/base/stringprintf/
//    https://github.com/adobe/chromium/blob/master/base/stringprintf.h
//    https://github.com/google/protobuf/blob/master/src/google/protobuf/stubs/stringprintf.h
//
// According to
// https://github.com/c42f/tinyformat#compile-time-and-code-bloat,
// boost::format runs too slow and results in large executable binary
// files.  So here we port tinyformat.

#pragma once

#include <iostream>
#include <sstream>
#include <string>

#include "tinyformat/tinyformat.h"  // https://github.com/c42f/tinyformat

namespace paddle {
namespace string {

template <typename... Args>
void Fprintf(std::ostream& out, const char* fmt, const Args&... args) {
  tinyformat::vformat(out, fmt, tinyformat::makeFormatList(args...));
}

template <typename... Args>
std::string Sprintf(const Args&... args) {
  std::ostringstream oss;
  Fprintf(oss, "");
  return oss.str();
}

template <typename... Args>
std::string Sprintf(const char* fmt, const Args&... args) {
  std::ostringstream oss;
  Fprintf(oss, fmt, args...);
  return oss.str();
}

template <typename... Args>
void Printf(const char* fmt, const Args&... args) {
  Fprintf(std::cout, fmt, args...);
}

}  // namespace string
}  // namespace paddle