Add OperatorBase.

issue: https://github.com/PaddlePaddle/Paddle/issues/2790

Paddle design the Operator with Kernel. OperatorBase has no type and device information when create, One operator can have multiple kernels, Operator will choose a kernel to run according to context. The kernel should be bind to Operator before or during Operator running.

* Move static variable defined in .cc

We cannot define static variable in .h, because it will be multi-defined
errors.

Also fix some cpp syntax, like:

* Prefer to use algorithm not manually for-loop, to make code more
  readable.
* Remove unused `()`.
* Enforce take a bool. It is no need `xxx==true`.
* Use range-based for-loop iterator from op_desc.attrs

* Fix a protential static variable init order error

* Expose paddle.framework by pybind11

* Export paddle.framework.{Scope, Variable} to paddle.v2.framework.core.
* See python/paddle/v2/framework/tests/test_scope.py for Python usage
* See paddle/pybind/pybind.cc for C++ bind code.

* add copyright

* generic.cmake can propogate dependencies through libraries. It is no
  need to specific all dependencies.

* add device_context

* add unittest for device_context

* transfer to use function paddle::platform::throw_on_error

* fix cuda build error

* using dynload functions

* follow comments

* init op_registry.h

* dev op_registry.h

* add 'attr_checker.h', which is a draft of op attribute checker.

* rename some macro parameters

* 1. Use `Attribute` and `AttributeMap` instead of `OpDesc`. `AttributeMap` is a unordered_map of <string, Attribute>, and `Attribute` is a boost::variant object to hold multiple types of attribute value.
2. Use `PADDLE_ENFORCE` to print checkers' fail message.
3. Abstract default value operations to a new function: `DefaultChecker`.

* rename DefaultChecker to DefaultValueSetter

ZZ

* Finish op_registry

1. Complete the development of interfaces between OpRegistry and
Protobuf.
2. Add unit test for op_registry.h

* Add demo and test of custome checker

* fix merge conflict

Python should be able to manipulate Protobuf message because:

1. Python's `create_op_creation_methods` take the `OpProto` array to
   generate all `op_creation_methods` in RunTime.

2. All `op_creation_methods` will create an `OpDesc` and pass it to
   Paddle C++ method `CreateOp` and return the Op handle.

Here is the list of what is added in this commit:

* Add `protobuf_generate_python` if it is not defined.
  * Before cmake 3.4, `protobuf_generate_python` is not defined. Just
    copy the implementation of that function in `protobuf.cmake`
* Add `py_proto_compile` function in `cmake/generic.cmake`.
  * It follows bazel's API interface.
    * https://github.com/pubref/rules_protobuf#rules
* Add an empty package named `paddle.v2.framework`, all python code of
  `paddle::framework` will be in that package.
* Generate protobuf's python module `__init__.py` by `touch` while
  compiling.
* Change setup.py.in, make `paddle.v2.framework.proto` uses the
  generated protobuf pythons.

* We should not EXPECT_EQ between a float value and a int value.
  Use ASSERT_NEAR instead.

Use CHECK instead of PCHECK, because PCHECK is used for errno.

The implementation of BarrierStat is buggy, and it is not necessary
for Paddle to diagnose which node in cluster is slow.

* add op_desc.proto

In Operator design, we need a proto message to describe an Operator.
Third-party language such as python can build this proto message and use
AddOp(const OpDesc& op_desc) of Paddle core to construct an Op in the
Network.

It will fix #2728.

Maybe it is silly to `target_link_libraries` for static library,
because a static library do not need to link other libraries. But
it will tell cmake how to propagate dependencies.

The solution comes from
[here](http://floooh.github.io/2016/01/12/cmake-dependency-juggling.html).

* Also change op_proto_test DEPS for testing this fix works.

Missing DEPS will cause compile error when parallel is large.

* move net_design to framework

* change CreateNet result to unique_ptr

* rename "ScratchNet" -> "PlainNet"

* add three methods to NetBase

* add NetBuilder

* add InferShape to NetBuilder.Run

* rename ApplyGradient, ApplyOptimizer -> AddGradientOps, AddOptimiz

* rename PlainNet::CreateNet -> BuildNet

* add Error and other rename actions