Merge branch 'develop' of https://github.com/PaddlePaddle/Paddle into dev_add_axis

doc/howto/dev/new_op_cn.md

@@ -227,6 +227,12 @@ make mul_op
     USE_CPU_ONLY_OP(gather);
     ```
     
+    如果OP不带Kernel，则使用`USE_NO_KENREL_OP`:
+    
+    ```
+    USE_NO_KENREL_OP(recurrent);
+    ```
+    
     使用`USE_OP`告知编译器需要链接该Op的目标文件，具体解释参考[代码注释](https://github.com/PaddlePaddle/Paddle/blob/develop/paddle/framework/op_registry.h#L81)。
     
     
@@ -280,28 +286,50 @@ class TestMulOp(unittest.TestCase):
 
 反向Op单测继承自`GradientChecker`，而`GradientChecker`集成自`unittest.TestCase`，所以反向单测函数需要`test_`开头。
 
- ```
- class MulGradOpTest(GradientChecker):
-    def test_mul(self):
-        op = create_op("mul")
-        inputs = {
+```
+class TestMulGradOp(GradientChecker):
+    def setUp(self):
+        self.op = create_op("mul")
+        self.inputs = {
             'X': np.random.random((32, 84)).astype("float32"),
             'Y': np.random.random((84, 100)).astype("float32")
         }
-        self.compare_grad(op, inputs)      
+
+    def test_cpu_gpu_compare(self):
+        self.compare_grad(self.op, self.inputs)
+
+    def test_normal(self):
         # mul op will enlarge the relative error
         self.check_grad(
-            op, inputs, set(["X", "Y"]), "Out", max_relative_error=0.5)
- ```
+            self.op, self.inputs, ["X", "Y"], "Out", max_relative_error=0.5)
+
+    def test_ignore_x(self):
+        self.check_grad(
+            self.op,
+            self.inputs, ["Y"],
+            "Out",
+            max_relative_error=0.5,
+            no_grad_set={"X"})
+
+    def test_ignore_y(self):
+        self.check_grad(
+            self.op,
+            self.inputs, ["X"],
+            "Out",
+            max_relative_error=0.5,
+            no_grad_set={"Y"})
+```
+
+下面解释一些关键的地方:
 
    - 调用`create_op("mul")`创建反向Op对应的前向Op。
-   - 定义输入`inputs`。
    - 调用`compare_grad`函数对比CPU、GPU计算结果。
-   - 调用`check_grad`检查梯度稳定性，这里采用数值法检测梯度正确性。
-      - 第一个参数`op` : 前向op。
-      - 第二个参数`inputs` : 输入词典，词典的Key和`ProtoMaker`定义保持一致。
-      - 第三个参数`set(["X", "Y"])` : 指定对输入变量`X`、`Y`做梯度检测。
+   - `test_normal`中调用`check_grad`检查梯度稳定性，这里采用数值法检测梯度正确性。
+      - 第一个参数`self.op` : 前向Op。
+      - 第二个参数`self.inputs` : 输入词典，词典的Key和`ProtoMaker`定义保持一致。
+      - 第三个参数`["X", "Y"]` : 指定对输入变量`X`、`Y`做梯度检测。
       - 第四个参数`"Out"` : 指定前向网络最终的输出目标变量`Out`
+   - `test_ignore_x`和`test_ignore_y`分支测试只需要计算一个输入梯度的情况。
 
 
 ### 编译和执行 

paddle/framework/backward.cc

@@ -182,7 +182,7 @@ static std::unique_ptr<OperatorBase> BackwardRecursive(
                    });
 
     // process recurrent gradient op as a special operator.
-    if (forwardOp.Type() == "recurrent_op") {
+    if (forwardOp.Type() == "recurrent") {
       // NOTE clean up cycle call somewhere (RNN's stepnet constains itself), or
       // this will result in infinite loop.
       const auto& rnnop =

paddle/framework/op_registry.h

@@ -199,6 +199,8 @@ class OpKernelRegistrar : public Registrar {
   USE_OP_DEVICE_KERNEL(op_type, GPU)
 #endif
 
+#define USE_NO_KERNEL_OP(op_type) USE_OP_ITSELF(op_type);
+
 #define USE_CPU_ONLY_OP(op_type) \
   USE_OP_ITSELF(op_type);        \
   USE_OP_DEVICE_KERNEL(op_type, CPU);

paddle/gserver/layers/Conv3DLayer.cpp

@@ -42,10 +42,10 @@ bool Conv3DLayer::init(const LayerMap &layerMap,
     if (sharedBiases_) {
       CHECK_EQ((size_t)numFilters_, biasParameter_->getSize());
       biases_ =
-          std::unique_ptr<Weight>(new Weight(1, numFilters_, biasParameter_));
+          std::unique_ptr<Weight>(new Weight(numFilters_, 1, biasParameter_));
     } else {
       biases_ =
-          std::unique_ptr<Weight>(new Weight(1, getSize(), biasParameter_));
+          std::unique_ptr<Weight>(new Weight(getSize(), 1, biasParameter_));
     }
   }
   return true;
@@ -224,20 +224,31 @@ void Conv3DLayer::bpropData(int i) {
 }
 
 void Conv3DLayer::bpropBiases() {
+  MatrixPtr biases = Matrix::create(biases_->getWGrad()->getData(),
+                                    1,
+                                    biases_->getWGrad()->getElementCnt(),
+                                    false,
+                                    useGpu_);
   MatrixPtr outGradMat = getOutputGrad();
+
   if (this->sharedBiases_) {
-    biases_->getWGrad()->collectSharedBias(*outGradMat, 1.0f);
+    biases->collectSharedBias(*outGradMat, 1.0f);
   } else {
-    biases_->getWGrad()->collectBias(*outGradMat, 1.0f);
+    biases->collectBias(*outGradMat, 1.0f);
   }
 }
 
 void Conv3DLayer::addBias() {
   MatrixPtr outMat = getOutputValue();
+  MatrixPtr bias = Matrix::create(biases_->getW()->getData(),
+                                  1,
+                                  biases_->getW()->getElementCnt(),
+                                  false,
+                                  useGpu_);
   if (this->sharedBiases_) {
-    outMat->addSharedBias(*(biases_->getW()), 1.0f);
+    outMat->addSharedBias(*(bias), 1.0f);
   } else {
-    outMat->addBias(*(biases_->getW()), 1.0f);
+    outMat->addBias(*(bias), 1.0f);
   }
 }
 

paddle/gserver/layers/DeConv3DLayer.cpp

@@ -42,10 +42,10 @@ bool DeConv3DLayer::init(const LayerMap &layerMap,
     if (sharedBiases_) {
       CHECK_EQ((size_t)numFilters_, biasParameter_->getSize());
       biases_ =
-          std::unique_ptr<Weight>(new Weight(1, numFilters_, biasParameter_));
+          std::unique_ptr<Weight>(new Weight(numFilters_, 1, biasParameter_));
     } else {
       biases_ =
-          std::unique_ptr<Weight>(new Weight(1, getSize(), biasParameter_));
+          std::unique_ptr<Weight>(new Weight(getSize(), 1, biasParameter_));
     }
   }
   return true;
@@ -191,21 +191,31 @@ void DeConv3DLayer::bpropWeights(int i) {}
 void DeConv3DLayer::bpropData(int i) {}
 
 void DeConv3DLayer::bpropBiases() {
+  MatrixPtr biases = Matrix::create(biases_->getWGrad()->getData(),
+                                    1,
+                                    biases_->getWGrad()->getElementCnt(),
+                                    false,
+                                    useGpu_);
   const MatrixPtr &outGradMat = getOutputGrad();
 
   if (this->sharedBiases_) {
-    biases_->getWGrad()->collectSharedBias(*outGradMat, 1.0f);
+    biases->collectSharedBias(*outGradMat, 1.0f);
   } else {
-    biases_->getWGrad()->collectBias(*outGradMat, 1.0f);
+    biases->collectBias(*outGradMat, 1.0f);
   }
 }
 
 void DeConv3DLayer::addBias() {
   MatrixPtr outMat = getOutputValue();
+  MatrixPtr bias = Matrix::create(biases_->getW()->getData(),
+                                  1,
+                                  biases_->getW()->getElementCnt(),
+                                  false,
+                                  useGpu_);
   if (this->sharedBiases_) {
-    outMat->addSharedBias(*(biases_->getW()), 1.0f);
+    outMat->addSharedBias(*(bias), 1.0f);
   } else {
-    outMat->addBias(*(biases_->getW()), 1.0f);
+    outMat->addBias(*(bias), 1.0f);
   }
 }
 

paddle/operators/minus_op.cc

@@ -79,7 +79,7 @@ class MinusGradOp : public NetOp {
 }  // namespace paddle
 
 USE_OP(scale);
-USE_OP_ITSELF(identity);
+USE_NO_KERNEL_OP(identity);
 namespace ops = paddle::operators;
 REGISTER_OP(minus, ops::MinusOp, ops::MinusOpMaker, minus_grad,
             ops::MinusGradOp<float>);

paddle/operators/mul_op.cc

@@ -107,8 +107,8 @@ class MulOpGrad : public framework::OperatorWithKernel {
         "The second dimension of Out@GRAD must equal to the second "
         "dimension of the second operand.");
 
-    x_grad->Resize(x_dims);
-    y_grad->Resize(y_dims);
+    if (x_grad) x_grad->Resize(x_dims);
+    if (y_grad) y_grad->Resize(y_dims);
   }
 };
 

paddle/operators/mul_op.h

@@ -2,13 +2,13 @@
 
    Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
    you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
-   You may obtain a copy of the License at
+   you may obtain a copy of the License at
 
    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 
    Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
    distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
-   WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+   WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANy KIND, either express or implied.
    See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
    limitations under the License. */
 
@@ -31,24 +31,24 @@ template <typename Place, typename T>
 class MulKernel : public framework::OpKernel {
  public:
   void Compute(const framework::ExecutionContext& context) const override {
-    const Tensor* X = context.Input<Tensor>("X");
-    const Tensor* Y = context.Input<Tensor>("Y");
+    const Tensor* x = context.Input<Tensor>("X");
+    const Tensor* y = context.Input<Tensor>("Y");
     Tensor* Z = context.Output<Tensor>("Out");
-    const Tensor X_matrix =
-        X->dims().size() > 2
+    const Tensor x_matrix =
+        x->dims().size() > 2
             ? framework::FlattenToMatrix<T>(
-                  *X, context.template GetAttr<int>("x_num_row_dims"))
-            : *X;
-    const Tensor Y_matrix =
-        Y->dims().size() > 2
+                  *x, context.template GetAttr<int>("x_num_row_dims"))
+            : *x;
+    const Tensor y_matrix =
+        y->dims().size() > 2
             ? framework::FlattenToMatrix<T>(
-                  *Y, context.template GetAttr<int>("y_num_row_dims"))
-            : *Y;
+                  *y, context.template GetAttr<int>("y_num_row_dims"))
+            : *y;
 
     Z->mutable_data<T>(context.GetPlace());
     auto* device_context =
         const_cast<platform::DeviceContext*>(context.device_context_);
-    math::matmul<Place, T>(X_matrix, false, Y_matrix, false, 1, Z, 0,
+    math::matmul<Place, T>(x_matrix, false, y_matrix, false, 1, Z, 0,
                            device_context);
   }
 };
@@ -59,34 +59,38 @@ class MulGradKernel : public framework::OpKernel {
   void Compute(const framework::ExecutionContext& ctx) const override {
     int x_num_row_dims = ctx.template GetAttr<int>("x_num_row_dims");
     int y_num_row_dims = ctx.template GetAttr<int>("y_num_row_dims");
-    const Tensor* X = ctx.Input<Tensor>("X");
-    const Tensor* Y = ctx.Input<Tensor>("Y");
-    const Tensor X_matrix =
-        X->dims().size() > 2 ? framework::FlattenToMatrix<T>(*X, x_num_row_dims)
-                             : *X;
-    const Tensor Y_matrix =
-        Y->dims().size() > 2 ? framework::FlattenToMatrix<T>(*Y, y_num_row_dims)
-                             : *Y;
-    const Tensor* dOut = ctx.Input<Tensor>(framework::GradVarName("Out"));
+    const Tensor* x = ctx.Input<Tensor>("X");
+    const Tensor* y = ctx.Input<Tensor>("Y");
+    const Tensor x_matrix =
+        x->dims().size() > 2 ? framework::FlattenToMatrix<T>(*x, x_num_row_dims)
+                             : *x;
+    const Tensor y_matrix =
+        y->dims().size() > 2 ? framework::FlattenToMatrix<T>(*y, y_num_row_dims)
+                             : *y;
+    const Tensor* dout = ctx.Input<Tensor>(framework::GradVarName("Out"));
 
-    Tensor* dX = ctx.Output<Tensor>(framework::GradVarName("X"));
-    Tensor* dY = ctx.Output<Tensor>(framework::GradVarName("Y"));
-    dX->mutable_data<T>(ctx.GetPlace());
-    dY->mutable_data<T>(ctx.GetPlace());
-    Tensor dX_matrix = dX->dims().size() > 2
-                           ? framework::FlattenToMatrix<T>(*dX, x_num_row_dims)
-                           : *dX;
-    Tensor dY_matrix = dY->dims().size() > 2
-                           ? framework::FlattenToMatrix<T>(*dY, y_num_row_dims)
-                           : *dY;
+    Tensor* dx = ctx.Output<Tensor>(framework::GradVarName("X"));
+    Tensor* dy = ctx.Output<Tensor>(framework::GradVarName("Y"));
     auto* device_context =
         const_cast<platform::DeviceContext*>(ctx.device_context_);
-    // dX = dOut * Y'. dX: M x K, dOut : M x N, Y : K x N
-    math::matmul<Place, T>(*dOut, false, Y_matrix, true, 1, &dX_matrix, 0,
-                           device_context);
-    // dY = X' * dOut. dY: K x N, dOut : M x N, X : M x K
-    math::matmul<Place, T>(X_matrix, true, *dOut, false, 1, &dY_matrix, 0,
-                           device_context);
+    if (dx) {
+      dx->mutable_data<T>(ctx.GetPlace());
+      Tensor dx_matrix = dx->dims().size() > 2 ? framework::FlattenToMatrix<T>(
+                                                     *dx, x_num_row_dims)
+                                               : *dx;
+      // dx = dout * y'. dx: M x K, dout : M x N, y : K x N
+      math::matmul<Place, T>(*dout, false, y_matrix, true, 1, &dx_matrix, 0,
+                             device_context);
+    }
+    if (dy) {
+      dy->mutable_data<T>(ctx.GetPlace());
+      Tensor dy_matrix = dy->dims().size() > 2 ? framework::FlattenToMatrix<T>(
+                                                     *dy, y_num_row_dims)
+                                               : *dy;
+      // dy = x' * dout. dy K x N, dout : M x N, x : M x K
+      math::matmul<Place, T>(x_matrix, true, *dout, false, 1, &dy_matrix, 0,
+                             device_context);
+    }
   }
 };
 

paddle/operators/recurrent_op.cc

@@ -235,5 +235,5 @@ RecurrentGradientOp::RecurrentGradientOp(
 }  // namespace paddle
 
 REGISTER_OP_WITHOUT_GRADIENT(
-    recurrent_op, paddle::operators::RecurrentOp,
+    recurrent, paddle::operators::RecurrentOp,
     paddle::operators::RecurrentAlgorithmProtoAndCheckerMaker);

paddle/operators/rowwise_add_op.cc

@@ -64,8 +64,10 @@ class RowwiseAddGradOp : public framework::OperatorWithKernel {
     auto dims0 = ctx.Input<Tensor>("X")->dims();
     auto dims1 = ctx.Input<Tensor>("b")->dims();
     PADDLE_ENFORCE_EQ(1, dims1.size(), "b dims should be 1")
-    ctx.Output<Tensor>(framework::GradVarName("X"))->Resize(dims0);
-    ctx.Output<Tensor>(framework::GradVarName("b"))->Resize(dims1);
+    auto *dx = ctx.Output<Tensor>(framework::GradVarName("X"));
+    auto *db = ctx.Output<Tensor>(framework::GradVarName("b"));
+    if (dx) dx->Resize(dims0);
+    if (db) db->Resize(dims1);
   }
 };
 

paddle/operators/rowwise_add_op.h

@@ -51,20 +51,24 @@ template <typename Place, typename T>
 class RowwiseAddGradKernel : public framework::OpKernel {
  public:
   void Compute(const framework::ExecutionContext& context) const override {
-    auto* dOut = context.Input<Tensor>(framework::GradVarName("Out"));
-    auto* dX = context.Output<Tensor>(framework::GradVarName("X"));
+    auto* dout = context.Input<Tensor>(framework::GradVarName("Out"));
+    auto* dx = context.Output<Tensor>(framework::GradVarName("X"));
     auto* db = context.Output<Tensor>(framework::GradVarName("b"));
-    dX->mutable_data<T>(context.GetPlace());
-    db->mutable_data<T>(context.GetPlace());
 
-    auto OutGrad = EigenMatrix<T>::From(*dOut);
+    auto out_grad = EigenMatrix<T>::From(*dout);
     auto place = context.GetEigenDevice<Place>();
-    EigenMatrix<T>::From(*dX).device(place) = OutGrad;
+    if (dx) {
+      dx->mutable_data<T>(context.GetPlace());
+      EigenMatrix<T>::From(*dx).device(place) = out_grad;
+    }
 
-    // https://eigen.tuxfamily.org/dox/unsupported/TensorBase_8h_source.html
-    // colwise add
-    Eigen::array<int, 1> dims{{0}}; /* dimension to reduce */
-    EigenVector<T>::Flatten(*db).device(place) = OutGrad.sum(dims);
+    if (db) {
+      db->mutable_data<T>(context.GetPlace());
+      // https://eigen.tuxfamily.org/dox/unsupported/TensorBase_8h_source.html
+      // colwise add
+      Eigen::array<int, 1> dims{{0}}; /* dimension to reduce */
+      EigenVector<T>::Flatten(*db).device(place) = out_grad.sum(dims);
+    }
   }
 };
 }  // namespace operators

paddle/pybind/pybind.cc

@@ -39,12 +39,12 @@ USE_OP(sigmoid);
 USE_OP(softmax);
 USE_OP(rowwise_add);
 USE_OP(fill_zeros_like);
-USE_OP_ITSELF(recurrent_op);
+USE_NO_KERNEL_OP(recurrent);
 USE_OP(gaussian_random);
 USE_OP(uniform_random);
 USE_OP(lookup_table);
 USE_OP(scale);
-USE_OP_ITSELF(identity);
+USE_NO_KERNEL_OP(identity);
 USE_OP(minus);
 USE_CPU_ONLY_OP(gather);
 USE_CPU_ONLY_OP(scatter);

python/paddle/v2/framework/op.py

@@ -179,7 +179,7 @@ class OperatorFactory(object):
 
 class __RecurrentOp__(object):
     __proto__ = None
-    type = 'recurrent_op'
+    type = 'recurrent'
 
     def __init__(self):
         # cache recurrent_op's proto

python/paddle/v2/framework/tests/gradient_checker.py

@@ -286,6 +286,9 @@ class GradientChecker(unittest.TestCase):
         for no_grad in no_grad_set:
             if no_grad not in in_names:
                 raise ValueError("no_grad should be in in_names")
+            if no_grad in inputs_to_check:
+                raise ValueError("no_grad should not be in inputs_to_check")
+
         backward_op = core.Operator.backward(forward_op, no_grad_set)
 
         places = [core.CPUPlace()]
@@ -301,7 +304,6 @@ class GradientChecker(unittest.TestCase):
 
         check_names = [grad_var_name(name) for name in inputs_to_check]
         for place in places:
-            # get analytical gradients according to different device
             analytic_grads = self.__get_gradient(forward_op, backward_op,
                                                  input_vars, check_names, place)
             self.__assert_is_close(numeric_grads, analytic_grads, check_names,

python/paddle/v2/framework/tests/test_mul_op.py

@@ -16,16 +16,37 @@ class TestMulOp(unittest.TestCase):
         self.outputs = {'Out': np.dot(self.inputs['X'], self.inputs['Y'])}
 
 
-class MulGradOpTest(GradientChecker):
-    def test_mul(self):
-        op = create_op("mul")
-        inputs = {
+class TestMulGradOp(GradientChecker):
+    def setUp(self):
+        self.op = create_op("mul")
+        self.inputs = {
             'X': np.random.random((32, 84)).astype("float32"),
             'Y': np.random.random((84, 100)).astype("float32")
         }
+
+    def test_cpu_gpu_compare(self):
+        self.compare_grad(self.op, self.inputs)
+
+    def test_normal(self):
         # mul op will enlarge the relative error
         self.check_grad(
-            op, inputs, set(["X", "Y"]), "Out", max_relative_error=0.5)
+            self.op, self.inputs, ["X", "Y"], "Out", max_relative_error=0.5)
+
+    def test_ignore_x(self):
+        self.check_grad(
+            self.op,
+            self.inputs, ["Y"],
+            "Out",
+            max_relative_error=0.5,
+            no_grad_set={"X"})
+
+    def test_ignore_y(self):
+        self.check_grad(
+            self.op,
+            self.inputs, ["X"],
+            "Out",
+            max_relative_error=0.5,
+            no_grad_set={"Y"})
 
 
 # TODO(dzh,qijun) : mulgrad test case need transpose feature of blas library

python/paddle/v2/framework/tests/test_rowwise_add_op.py

@@ -16,14 +16,22 @@ class TestRowwiseAddOp(unittest.TestCase):
         self.outputs = {'Out': np.add(self.inputs['X'], self.inputs['b'])}
 
 
-class RowwiseAddGradOpTest(GradientChecker):
-    def test_rowwise_add(self):
-        op = create_op("rowwise_add")
-        inputs = {
+class TestRowwiseAddGradOp(GradientChecker):
+    def setUp(self):
+        self.op = create_op("rowwise_add")
+        self.inputs = {
             "X": np.random.uniform(0.1, 1, [5, 10]).astype("float32"),
             "b": np.random.uniform(0.1, 1, [10]).astype("float32")
         }
-        self.check_grad(op, inputs, set(["X", "b"]), "Out")
+
+    def test_normal(self):
+        self.check_grad(self.op, self.inputs, ["X", "b"], "Out")
+
+    def test_ignore_b(self):
+        self.check_grad(self.op, self.inputs, ["X"], "Out", no_grad_set={"b"})
+
+    def test_ignore_x(self):
+        self.check_grad(self.op, self.inputs, ["b"], "Out", no_grad_set={"X"})
 
 
 if __name__ == '__main__':