Before, when we only ever printed out the pointer value itself, a NULL
pointer would never cause issues and might as well be printed out as
just its numeric value.

However, with the extended %p formats, especially %pR, we might validly
want to print out resources for debugging.  And sometimes they don't
even exist, and the resource pointer is just NULL.  Print it out as
such, rather than oopsing.

This is a more generic version of a patch done by Trent Piepho (catching
all %p cases rather than just %pR, and using "(null)" instead of
"[NULL]" to match glibc).
Requested-by: NTrent Piepho <xyzzy@speakeasy.org>
Acked-by: NHarvey Harrison <harvey.harrison@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Add %pm to omit the colons when printing a mac address.
Signed-off-by: NHarvey Harrison <harvey.harrison@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: NDavid S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>

put_dec_trunc prints the digits in reverse order and is reversed
inside number(). Continue using put_dec_trunc, but reverse each quad
in ip4_addr_string.

[Noticed by Julius Volz]
Signed-off-by: NHarvey Harrison <harvey.harrison@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: NDavid S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>

Signed-off-by: NHarvey Harrison <harvey.harrison@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: NDavid S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>

For use in printing IPv4, or IPv6 addresses in the usual way:

%i4 and %I4 are currently equivalent and print the address in
dot-separated decimal x.x.x.x

%I6 prints 16-bit network order hex with colon separators:
xxxx:xxxx:xxxx:xxxx:xxxx:xxxx:xxxx:xxxx

%i6 omits the colons.
Signed-off-by: NHarvey Harrison <harvey.harrison@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: NDavid S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>

Takes a pointer to a IPv6 address and formats it in the usual
colon-separated hex format:
xxxx:xxxx:xxxx:xxxx:xxxx:xxxx:xxxx:xxxx

Each 16 bit word is printed in network-endian byteorder.

%#p6 is also supported and will omit the colons.

%p6 is a replacement for NIP6_FMT and NIP6()
%#p6 is a replacement for NIP6_SEQFMT and NIP6()

Note that NIP6() took a struct in6_addr whereas this takes a pointer
to a struct in6_addr.
Signed-off-by: NHarvey Harrison <harvey.harrison@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: NDavid S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>

Add format specifiers for printing out six colon-separated bytes:

MAC addresses (%pM):
xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx

%#pM is also supported and omits the colon separators.
Signed-off-by: NHarvey Harrison <harvey.harrison@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: NDavid S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>

Add a %pR option to the kernel vsnprintf that prints the range of
addresses inside a struct resource passed by pointer.
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NBenjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Open-code them rather than using defining macros.  The function bodies are now
next to their kerneldoc comments as a bonus.

Add casts to the signed cases as they call into the unsigned versions.

Avoids the sparse warnings:
lib/vsprintf.c:249:1: warning: incorrect type in argument 3 (different signedness)
lib/vsprintf.c:249:1:    expected unsigned long *res
lib/vsprintf.c:249:1:    got long *res
lib/vsprintf.c:249:1: warning: incorrect type in argument 3 (different signedness)
lib/vsprintf.c:249:1:    expected unsigned long *res
lib/vsprintf.c:249:1:    got long *res
lib/vsprintf.c:251:1: warning: incorrect type in argument 3 (different signedness)
lib/vsprintf.c:251:1:    expected unsigned long long *res
lib/vsprintf.c:251:1:    got long long *res
lib/vsprintf.c:251:1: warning: incorrect type in argument 3 (different signedness)
lib/vsprintf.c:251:1:    expected unsigned long long *res
lib/vsprintf.c:251:1:    got long long *res
Signed-off-by: NHarvey Harrison <harvey.harrison@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Remove extra lines before the EXPORT_SYMBOL()s
Signed-off-by: NHarvey Harrison <harvey.harrison@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

The default base is 10 unless there is a leading zero, in which
case the base will be guessed as 8.

The base will only be guesed as 16 when the string starts with '0x'
the third character is a valid hex digit.
Signed-off-by: NHarvey Harrison <harvey.harrison@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Add documentation in kerneldoc for new printk format extensions

This patch documents the new %pS/%pF options in printk in kernel doc.

Hope I didn't miss any other extension.
Signed-off-by: NAndi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Add documentation in kerneldoc for new printk format extensions

This patch documents the new %pS/%pF options in printk in kernel doc.

Hope I didn't miss any other extension.
Signed-off-by: NAndi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: NJonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net>

- unbreak ia64 (and powerpc) where function pointers dont
  point at code but at data (reported by Tony Luck)

[ mingo@elte.hu: various cleanups ]
Signed-off-by: NArjan van de Ven <arjan@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: NIngo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>

It was introduced by "vsprintf: add support for '%pS' and '%pF' pointer
formats" in commit 0fe1ef24.  However,
the current way its coded doesn't work on parisc64.  For two reasons: 1)
parisc isn't in the #ifdef and 2) parisc has a different format for
function descriptors

Make dereference_function_descriptor() more accommodating by allowing
architecture overrides.  I put the three overrides (for parisc64, ppc64
and ia64) in arch/kernel/module.c because that's where the kernel
internal linker which knows how to deal with function descriptors sits.
Signed-off-by: NJames Bottomley <James.Bottomley@HansenPartnership.com>
Acked-by: NBenjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org>
Acked-by: NTony Luck <tony.luck@intel.com>
Acked-by: NKyle McMartin <kyle@mcmartin.ca>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Fix wrong conversion function used by strict_strtou*
Signed-off-by: NYi Yang <yi.y.yang@intel.com>
Reported-by: NSwen Schillig <swen@vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

They print out a pointer in symbolic format, if possible (ie using
symbolic KALLSYMS information).  The '%pS' format is for regular direct
pointers (which can point to data or code and that you find on the stack
during backtraces etc), while '%pF' is for C function pointer types.

On most architectures, the two mean exactly the same thing, but some
architectures use an indirect pointer for C function pointers, where the
function pointer points to a function descriptor (which in turn contains
the actual pointer to the code).  The '%pF' code automatically does the
appropriate function descriptor dereference on such architectures.
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

This expands the kernel '%p' handling with an arbitrary alphanumberic
specifier extension string immediately following the '%p'.  Right now
it's just being ignored, but the next commit will start adding some
specific pointer type extensions.

NOTE! The reason the extension is appended to the '%p' is to allow
minimal gcc type checking: gcc will still see the '%p' and will check
that the argument passed in is indeed a pointer, and yet will not
complain about the extended information that gcc doesn't understand
about (on the other hand, it also won't actually check that the pointer
type and the extension are compatible).

Alphanumeric characters were chosen because there is no sane existing
use for a string format with a hex pointer representation immediately
followed by alphanumerics (which is what such a format string would have
traditionally resulted in).
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

The actual code is the same, just split out into a helper function.
This makes it easier to read, and allows for simple future extension
of %p handling.
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

The actual code is the same, just split out into a helper function.
This makes it easier to read, and allows for future sharing of the
string code.
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

lib/vsprintf.c: Fix bug omitting minus sign of numbers (module_param)
Signed-off-by: NHoang-Nam Nguyen <hnguyen@de.ibm.com>
Cc: Yi Yang <yi.y.yang@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

In arch/x86/boot/printf.c gets rid of unused tail of digits: const char
*digits = "0123456789abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz"; (we are using 0-9a-f
only)

Uses smaller/faster lowercasing (by ORing with 0x20)
if we know that we work on numbers/digits. Makes
strtoul smaller, and also we are getting rid of

  static const char small_digits[] = "0123456789abcdefx";
  static const char large_digits[] = "0123456789ABCDEFX";

since this works equally well:

  static const char digits[16] = "0123456789ABCDEF";

Size savings:

$ size vmlinux.org vmlinux
   text    data     bss     dec     hex filename
 877320  112252   90112 1079684  107984 vmlinux.org
 877048  112252   90112 1079412  107874 vmlinux

It may be also a tiny bit faster because code has less
branches now, but I doubt it is measurable.

[ hugh@veritas.com: uppercase pointers fix ]
Signed-off-by: NDenys Vlasenko <vda.linux@googlemail.com>
Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NIngo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Signed-off-by: NThomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>

Currently, for every sysfs node, the callers will be responsible for
implementing store operation, so many many callers are doing duplicate
things to validate input, they have the same mistakes because they are
calling simple_strtol/ul/ll/uul, especially for module params, they are
just numeric, but you can echo such values as 0x1234xxx, 07777888 and
1234aaa, for these cases, module params store operation just ignores
succesive invalid char and converts prefix part to a numeric although input
is acctually invalid.

This patch tries to fix the aforementioned issues and implements
strict_strtox serial functions, kernel/params.c uses them to strictly
validate input, so module params will reject such values as 0x1234xxxx and
returns an error:

write error: Invalid argument

Any modules which export numeric sysfs node can use strict_strtox instead of
simple_strtox to reject any invalid input.

Here are some test results:

Before applying this patch:

[root@yangyi-dev /]# cat /sys/module/e1000/parameters/copybreak
4096
[root@yangyi-dev /]# echo 0x1000 > /sys/module/e1000/parameters/copybreak
[root@yangyi-dev /]# cat /sys/module/e1000/parameters/copybreak
4096
[root@yangyi-dev /]# echo 0x1000g > /sys/module/e1000/parameters/copybreak
[root@yangyi-dev /]# cat /sys/module/e1000/parameters/copybreak
4096
[root@yangyi-dev /]# echo 0x1000gggggggg > /sys/module/e1000/parameters/copybreak
[root@yangyi-dev /]# cat /sys/module/e1000/parameters/copybreak
4096
[root@yangyi-dev /]# echo 010000 > /sys/module/e1000/parameters/copybreak
[root@yangyi-dev /]# cat /sys/module/e1000/parameters/copybreak
4096
[root@yangyi-dev /]# echo 0100008 > /sys/module/e1000/parameters/copybreak
[root@yangyi-dev /]# cat /sys/module/e1000/parameters/copybreak
4096
[root@yangyi-dev /]# echo 010000aaaaa > /sys/module/e1000/parameters/copybreak
[root@yangyi-dev /]# cat /sys/module/e1000/parameters/copybreak
4096
[root@yangyi-dev /]#

After applying this patch:

[root@yangyi-dev /]# cat /sys/module/e1000/parameters/copybreak
4096
[root@yangyi-dev /]# echo 0x1000 > /sys/module/e1000/parameters/copybreak
[root@yangyi-dev /]# cat /sys/module/e1000/parameters/copybreak
4096
[root@yangyi-dev /]# echo 0x1000g > /sys/module/e1000/parameters/copybreak
-bash: echo: write error: Invalid argument
[root@yangyi-dev /]# cat /sys/module/e1000/parameters/copybreak
4096
[root@yangyi-dev /]# echo 0x1000gggggggg > /sys/module/e1000/parameters/copybreak
-bash: echo: write error: Invalid argument
[root@yangyi-dev /]# echo 010000 > /sys/module/e1000/parameters/copybreak
[root@yangyi-dev /]# echo 0100008 > /sys/module/e1000/parameters/copybreak
-bash: echo: write error: Invalid argument
[root@yangyi-dev /]# echo 010000aaaaa > /sys/module/e1000/parameters/copybreak
-bash: echo: write error: Invalid argument
[root@yangyi-dev /]# cat /sys/module/e1000/parameters/copybreak
4096
[root@yangyi-dev /]# echo -n 4096 > /sys/module/e1000/parameters/copybreak
[root@yangyi-dev /]# cat /sys/module/e1000/parameters/copybreak
4096
[root@yangyi-dev /]#

[akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix compiler warnings]
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix off-by-one found by tiwai@suse.de]
Signed-off-by: NYi Yang <yi.y.yang@intel.com>
Cc: Greg KH <greg@kroah.com>
Cc: "Randy.Dunlap" <rdunlap@xenotime.net>
Cc: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hugh@veritas.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

kasprintf pulls in kmalloc which proved to be fatal for at least
bootimage target on alpha.
Move it to a separate file so only users of kasprintf are exposed
to the dependency on kmalloc.
Signed-off-by: NSam Ravnborg <sam@ravnborg.org>
Cc: Jeremy Fitzhardinge <jeremy@goop.org>
Cc: Meelis Roos <mroos@linux.ee>
Cc: Richard Henderson <rth@twiddle.net>
Cc: Ivan Kokshaysky <ink@jurassic.park.msu.ru>
Cc: Jay Estabrook <jay.estabrook@hp.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Optimize integer-to-string conversion in vsprintf.c for base 10.  This is
by far the most used conversion, and in some use cases it impacts
performance.  For example, top reads /proc/$PID/stat for every process, and
with 4000 processes decimal conversion alone takes noticeable time.

Using code from

http://www.cs.uiowa.edu/~jones/bcd/decimal.html
(with permission from the author, Douglas W. Jones)

binary-to-decimal-string conversion is done in groups of five digits at
once, using only additions/subtractions/shifts (with -O2; -Os throws in
some multiply instructions).

On i386 arch gcc 4.1.2 -O2 generates ~500 bytes of code.

This patch is run tested. Userspace benchmark/test is also attached.
I tested it on PIII and AMD64 and new code is generally ~2.5 times
faster. On AMD64:

# ./vsprintf_verify-O2
Original decimal conv: .......... 151 ns per iteration
Patched decimal conv:  .......... 62 ns per iteration
Testing correctness
12895992590592 ok...        [Ctrl-C]
# ./vsprintf_verify-O2
Original decimal conv: .......... 151 ns per iteration
Patched decimal conv:  .......... 62 ns per iteration
Testing correctness
26025406464 ok...        [Ctrl-C]

More realistic test: top from busybox project was modified to
report how many us it took to scan /proc (this does not account
any processing done after that, like sorting process list),
and then I test it with 4000 processes:

#!/bin/sh
i=4000
while test $i != 0; do
    sleep 30 &
    let i--
done
busybox top -b -n3 >/dev/null

on unpatched kernel:

top: 4120 processes took 102864 microseconds to scan
top: 4120 processes took 91757 microseconds to scan
top: 4120 processes took 92517 microseconds to scan
top: 4120 processes took 92581 microseconds to scan

on patched kernel:

top: 4120 processes took 75460 microseconds to scan
top: 4120 processes took 66451 microseconds to scan
top: 4120 processes took 67267 microseconds to scan
top: 4120 processes took 67618 microseconds to scan

The speedup comes from much faster generation of /proc/PID/stat
by sprintf() calls inside the kernel.
Signed-off-by: NDouglas W Jones <jones@cs.uiowa.edu>
Signed-off-by: NDenys Vlasenko <vda.linux@googlemail.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

* There is no point in having full "0...9a...z" constant vector,
  if we use only "0...9a...f" (and "x" for "0x").

* Post-decrement usually needs a few more instructions, so use
  pre decrement instead where makes sense:
-       while (i < precision--) {
+       while (i <= --precision) {

* if base != 10 (=> base 8 or 16), we can avoid using division
  in a loop and use mask/shift, obtaining much faster conversion.
  (More complex optimization for base 10 case is in the second patch).

Overall, size vsprintf.o shows ~80 bytes smaller text section
with this patch applied.
Signed-off-by: NDouglas W Jones <jones@cs.uiowa.edu>
Signed-off-by: NDenys Vlasenko <vda.linux@googlemail.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

I was playing with some code that sometimes got a string where a %n
match should have been done where the input string ended, for example
like this:

  sscanf("abc123", "abc%d%n", &a, &n);  /* doesn't work */
  sscanf("abc123a", "abc%d%n", &a, &n); /* works */

However, the scanf function in the kernel doesn't convert the %n in that
case because it has already matched the complete input after %d and just
completely stops matching then. This patch fixes that.

[akpm@linux-foundation.org: cleanups]
Signed-off-by: NJohannes Berg <johannes@sipsolutions.net>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Add a kvasprintf() function to complement kasprintf().

No in-tree users yet, but I have some coming up.

[akpm@linux-foundation.org: EXPORT it]
Signed-off-by: NJeremy Fitzhardinge <jeremy@xensource.com>
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Keir Fraser <keir@xensource.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

The return value of scnprintf() never exceeds @size.
Signed-off-by: NMartin Peschke <mp3@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

A variety of (mostly) innocuous fixes to the embedded kernel-doc content in
source files, including:

  * make multi-line initial descriptions single line
  * denote some function names, constants and structs as such
  * change erroneous opening '/*' to '/**' in a few places
  * reword some text for clarity
Signed-off-by: NRobert P. J. Day <rpjday@mindspring.com>
Cc: "Randy.Dunlap" <rdunlap@xenotime.net>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

The recent vsnprintf() fix introduced an off-by-one, and it's now
possible to overrun the target buffer by one byte.

The "end" pointer points to past the end of the buffer, so if we
have to truncate the result, it needs to be done though "end[-1]".

[ This is just an alternate and simpler patch to one proposed by Andrew
  and Jeremy, who actually noticed the problem ]
Acked-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Acked-by: NJeremy Fitzhardinge <jeremy@goop.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>

Implement kasprintf, a kernel version of asprintf.  This allocates the
memory required for the formatted string, including the trailing '\0'.
Returns NULL on allocation failure.
Signed-off-by: NJeremy Fitzhardinge <jeremy@xensource.com>
Signed-off-by: NChris Wright <chrisw@sous-sol.org>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>

This change allows callers to use a 0-byte buffer and a NULL buffer pointer
with vsnprintf, so it can be used to determine how large the resulting
formatted string will be.

Previously the code effectively treated a size of 0 as a size of 4G (on
32-bit systems), with other checks preventing it from actually trying to
emit the string - but the terminal \0 would still be written, which would
crash if the buffer is NULL.

This change changes the boundary check so that 'end' points to the putative
location of the terminal '\0', which is only written if size > 0.

vsnprintf still allows the buffer size to be set very large, to allow
unbounded buffer sizes (to implement sprintf, etc).

[akpm@osdl.org: fix long-vs-longlong confusion]
Signed-off-by: NJeremy Fitzhardinge <jeremy@xensource.com>
Signed-off-by: NChris Wright <chrisw@sous-sol.org>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>

I recently picked up my older work to remove unnecessary #includes of
sched.h, starting from a patch by Dave Jones to not include sched.h
from module.h. This reduces the number of indirect includes of sched.h
by ~300. Another ~400 pointless direct includes can be removed after
this disentangling (patch to follow later).
However, quite a few indirect includes need to be fixed up for this.

In order to feed the patches through -mm with as little disturbance as
possible, I've split out the fixes I accumulated up to now (complete for
i386 and x86_64, more archs to follow later) and post them before the real
patch.  This way this large part of the patch is kept simple with only
adding #includes, and all hunks are independent of each other.  So if any
hunk rejects or gets in the way of other patches, just drop it.  My scripts
will pick it up again in the next round.
Signed-off-by: NTim Schmielau <tim@physik3.uni-rostock.de>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>

handling of %t... (ptrdiff_t) in vsnprintf
Signed-off-by: NAl Viro <viro@parcelfarce.linux.theplanet.co.uk>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>

Initial git repository build. I'm not bothering with the full history,
even though we have it. We can create a separate "historical" git
archive of that later if we want to, and in the meantime it's about
3.2GB when imported into git - space that would just make the early
git days unnecessarily complicated, when we don't have a lot of good
infrastructure for it.

Let it rip!