The current NR_FILE_MAPPED is used by zone reclaim and the dirty load
calculation as the number of mapped pagecache pages.  However, that is not
true.  NR_FILE_MAPPED includes the mapped anonymous pages.  This patch
separates those and therefore allows an accurate tracking of the anonymous
pages per zone.

It then becomes possible to determine the number of unmapped pages per zone
and we can avoid scanning for unmapped pages if there are none.

Also it may now be possible to determine the mapped/unmapped ratio in
get_dirty_limit.  Isnt the number of anonymous pages irrelevant in that
calculation?

Note that this will change the meaning of the number of mapped pages reported
in /proc/vmstat /proc/meminfo and in the per node statistics.  This may affect
user space tools that monitor these counters!  NR_FILE_MAPPED works like
NR_FILE_DIRTY.  It is only valid for pagecache pages.
Signed-off-by: NChristoph Lameter <clameter@sgi.com>
Cc: Trond Myklebust <trond.myklebust@fys.uio.no>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>

nr_mapped is important because it allows a determination of how many pages of
a zone are not mapped, which would allow a more efficient means of determining
when we need to reclaim memory in a zone.

We take the nr_mapped field out of the page state structure and define a new
per zone counter named NR_FILE_MAPPED (the anonymous pages will be split off
from NR_MAPPED in the next patch).

We replace the use of nr_mapped in various kernel locations.  This avoids the
looping over all processors in try_to_free_pages(), writeback, reclaim (swap +
zone reclaim).

[akpm@osdl.org: bugfix]
Signed-off-by: NChristoph Lameter <clameter@sgi.com>
Cc: Trond Myklebust <trond.myklebust@fys.uio.no>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>

Hugh clarified the role of VM_LOCKED.  So we can now implement page
migration for mlocked pages.

Allow the migration of mlocked pages.  This means that try_to_unmap must
unmap mlocked pages in the migration case.
Signed-off-by: NChristoph Lameter <clameter@sgi.com>
Acked-by: NHugh Dickins <hugh@veritas.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>

This implements the use of migration entries to preserve ptes of file backed
pages during migration.  Processes can therefore be migrated back and forth
without loosing their connection to pagecache pages.

Note that we implement the migration entries only for linear mappings.
Nonlinear mappings still require the unmapping of the ptes for migration.

And another writepage() ugliness shows up.  writepage() can drop the page
lock.  Therefore we have to remove migration ptes before calling writepages()
in order to avoid having migration entries point to unlocked pages.
Signed-off-by: NChristoph Lameter <clameter@sgi.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>

If we install a migration entry then the rss not really decreases since the
page is just moved somewhere else.  We can save ourselves the work of
decrementing and later incrementing which will just eventually cause cacheline
bouncing.
Signed-off-by: NChristoph Lameter <clameter@sgi.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>

Rip the page migration logic out.

Remove all code that has to do with swapping during page migration.

This also guts the ability to migrate pages to swap.  No one used that so lets
let it go for good.

Page migration should be a bit broken after this patch.
Signed-off-by: NChristoph Lameter <clameter@sgi.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>

Implement read/write migration ptes

We take the upper two swapfiles for the two types of migration ptes and define
a series of macros in swapops.h.

The VM is modified to handle the migration entries.  migration entries can
only be encountered when the page they are pointing to is locked.  This limits
the number of places one has to fix.  We also check in copy_pte_range and in
mprotect_pte_range() for migration ptes.

We check for migration ptes in do_swap_cache and call a function that will
then wait on the page lock.  This allows us to effectively stop all accesses
to apge.

Migration entries are created by try_to_unmap if called for migration and
removed by local functions in migrate.c

From: Hugh Dickins <hugh@veritas.com>

  Several times while testing swapless page migration (I've no NUMA, just
  hacking it up to migrate recklessly while running load), I've hit the
  BUG_ON(!PageLocked(p)) in migration_entry_to_page.

  This comes from an orphaned migration entry, unrelated to the current
  correctly locked migration, but hit by remove_anon_migration_ptes as it
  checks an address in each vma of the anon_vma list.

  Such an orphan may be left behind if an earlier migration raced with fork:
  copy_one_pte can duplicate a migration entry from parent to child, after
  remove_anon_migration_ptes has checked the child vma, but before it has
  removed it from the parent vma.  (If the process were later to fault on this
  orphaned entry, it would hit the same BUG from migration_entry_wait.)

  This could be fixed by locking anon_vma in copy_one_pte, but we'd rather
  not.  There's no such problem with file pages, because vma_prio_tree_add
  adds child vma after parent vma, and the page table locking at each end is
  enough to serialize.  Follow that example with anon_vma: add new vmas to the
  tail instead of the head.

  (There's no corresponding problem when inserting migration entries,
  because a missed pte will leave the page count and mapcount high, which is
  allowed for.  And there's no corresponding problem when migrating via swap,
  because a leftover swap entry will be correctly faulted.  But the swapless
  method has no refcounting of its entries.)

From: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>

  pte_unmap_unlock() takes the pte pointer as an argument.

From: Hugh Dickins <hugh@veritas.com>

  Several times while testing swapless page migration, gcc has tried to exec
  a pointer instead of a string: smells like COW mappings are not being
  properly write-protected on fork.

  The protection in copy_one_pte looks very convincing, until at last you
  realize that the second arg to make_migration_entry is a boolean "write",
  and SWP_MIGRATION_READ is 30.

  Anyway, it's better done like in change_pte_range, using
  is_write_migration_entry and make_migration_entry_read.

From: Hugh Dickins <hugh@veritas.com>

  Remove unnecessary obfuscation from sys_swapon's range check on swap type,
  which blew up causing memory corruption once swapless migration made
  MAX_SWAPFILES no longer 2 ^ MAX_SWAPFILES_SHIFT.
Signed-off-by: NHugh Dickins <hugh@veritas.com>
Acked-by: NMartin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: NHugh Dickins <hugh@veritas.com>
Signed-off-by: NChristoph Lameter <clameter@engr.sgi.com>
Signed-off-by: NIngo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
From: Hugh Dickins <hugh@veritas.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>

migrate is a better name since it is only used by page migration.
Signed-off-by: NChristoph Lameter <clameter@sgi.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>

Put a few more checks under CONFIG_DEBUG_VM
Signed-off-by: NNick Piggin <npiggin@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>

We have struct kmem_cache now so use it instead of the old typedef.
Signed-off-by: NPekka Enberg <penberg@cs.helsinki.fi>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>

Remove two early-development BUG_ONs from page_add_file_rmap.

The pfn_valid test (originally useful for checking that nobody passed an
artificial struct page) comes too late, since we already have the struct
page.

The PageAnon test (useful when anon was first distinguished from file rmap)
prevents ->nopage implementations from reusing ->mapping, which would
otherwise be available.
Signed-off-by: NHugh Dickins <hugh@veritas.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>

remove_from_swap() currently attempts to use page_lock_anon_vma to obtain
an anon_vma lock.  That is not working since the page may have been
remapped via swap ptes in order to move the page.

However, do_migrate_pages() obtain the mmap_sem lock and therefore there is
a guarantee that the anonymous vma will not vanish from under us.  There is
therefore no need to use page_lock_anon_vma.
Signed-off-by: NChristoph Lameter <clameter@sgi.com>
Acked-by: NHugh Dickins <hugh@veritas.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>

Migrate a page with buffers without requiring writeback

This introduces a new address space operation migratepage() that may be used
by a filesystem to implement its own version of page migration.

A version is provided that migrates buffers attached to pages.  Some
filesystems (ext2, ext3, xfs) are modified to utilize this feature.

The swapper address space operation are modified so that a regular
migrate_page() will occur for anonymous pages without writeback (migrate_pages
forces every anonymous page to have a swap entry).
Signed-off-by: NMike Kravetz <kravetz@us.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: NChristoph Lameter <clameter@sgi.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>

Add remove_from_swap

remove_from_swap() allows the restoration of the pte entries that existed
before page migration occurred for anonymous pages by walking the reverse
maps.  This reduces swap use and establishes regular pte's without the need
for page faults.
Signed-off-by: NChristoph Lameter <clameter@sgi.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>

Add direct migration support with fall back to swap.

Direct migration support on top of the swap based page migration facility.

This allows the direct migration of anonymous pages and the migration of file
backed pages by dropping the associated buffers (requires writeout).

Fall back to swap out if necessary.

The patch is based on lots of patches from the hotplug project but the code
was restructured, documented and simplified as much as possible.

Note that an additional patch that defines the migrate_page() method for
filesystems is necessary in order to avoid writeback for anonymous and file
backed pages.
Signed-off-by: NKAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: NMike Kravetz <kravetz@us.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: NChristoph Lameter <clameter@sgi.com>
Signed-off-by: NAlexey Dobriyan <adobriyan@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>

Migration code currently does not take a reference to target page
properly, so between unlocking the pte and trying to take a new
reference to the page with isolate_lru_page, anything could happen to
it.

Fix this by holding the pte lock until we get a chance to elevate the
refcount.

Other small cleanups while we're here.
Signed-off-by: NNick Piggin <npiggin@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: NChristoph Lameter <clameter@sgi.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>

This patch converts the inode semaphore to a mutex. I have tested it on
XFS and compiled as much as one can consider on an ia64. Anyway your
luck with it might be different.
Modified-by: NIngo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>

(finished the conversion)
Signed-off-by: NJes Sorensen <jes@sgi.com>
Signed-off-by: NIngo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>

We seem to be hitting this assertion failure too often for it to be
hardware bugs.

Cc: Hugh Dickins <hugh@veritas.com>
Cc: Nick Piggin <nickpiggin@yahoo.com.au>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>

Optimise page_state manipulations by introducing interrupt unsafe accessors
to page_state fields.  Callers must provide their own locking (either
disable interrupts or not update from interrupt context).

Switch over the hot callsites that can easily be moved under interrupts off
sections.
Signed-off-by: NNick Piggin <npiggin@suse.de>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hugh@veritas.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>

Optimise rmap functions by minimising atomic operations when we know there
will be no concurrent modifications.
Signed-off-by: NNick Piggin <npiggin@suse.de>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hugh@veritas.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>

I image this showed up because of "unused var..." when the changes
occured, because flush_cache_page() is a noop in most places.  This
showed up for me on parisc however, where flush_cache_page() is a real
function.
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>

Some users (hi Zwane) have seen a problem when running a workload that
eats nearly all of physical memory - th system does an OOM kill, even
when there is still a lot of swap free.

The problem appears to be a very big task that is holding the swap
token, and the VM has a very hard time finding any other page in the
system that is swappable.

Instead of ignoring the swap token when sc->priority reaches 0, we could
simply take the swap token away from the memory hog and make sure we
don't give it back to the memory hog for a few seconds.

This patch resolves the problem Zwane ran into.
Signed-off-by: NRik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>

This replaces the (in my opinion horrible) VM_UNMAPPED logic with very
explicit support for a "remapped page range" aka VM_PFNMAP.  It allows a
VM area to contain an arbitrary range of page table entries that the VM
never touches, and never considers to be normal pages.

Any user of "remap_pfn_range()" automatically gets this new
functionality, and doesn't even have to mark the pages reserved or
indeed mark them any other way.  It just works.  As a side effect, doing
mmap() on /dev/mem works for arbitrary ranges.

Sparc update from David in the next commit.
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>

copy_one_pte needs to copy the anonymous COWed pages in a VM_UNPAGED area,
zap_pte_range needs to free them, do_wp_page needs to COW them: just like
ordinary pages, not like the unpaged.

But recognizing them is a little subtle: because PageReserved is no longer a
condition for remap_pfn_range, we can now mmap all of /dev/mem (whether the
distro permits, and whether it's advisable on this or that architecture, is
another matter).  So if we can see a PageAnon, it may not be ours to mess with
(or may be ours from elsewhere in the address space).  I suspect there's an
entertaining insoluble self-referential problem here, but the page_is_anon
function does a good practical job, and MAP_PRIVATE PROT_WRITE VM_UNPAGED will
always be an odd choice.

In updating the comment on page_address_in_vma, noticed a potential NULL
dereference, in a path we don't actually take, but fixed it.
Signed-off-by: NHugh Dickins <hugh@veritas.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>

There's one peculiar use of VM_RESERVED which the previous patch left behind:
because VM_NONLINEAR's try_to_unmap_cluster uses vm_private_data as a swapout
cursor, but should never meet VM_RESERVED vmas, it was a way of extending
VM_NONLINEAR to VM_RESERVED vmas using vm_private_data for some other purpose.
 But that's an empty set - they don't have the populate function required.  So
just throw away those VM_RESERVED tests.

But one more interesting in rmap.c has to go too: try_to_unmap_one will want
to swap out an anonymous page from VM_RESERVED or VM_UNPAGED area.
Signed-off-by: NHugh Dickins <hugh@veritas.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>

Updated several references to page_table_lock in common code comments.
Signed-off-by: NHugh Dickins <hugh@veritas.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>

A couple of oddities were guarded by page_table_lock, no longer properly
guarded when that is split.

The mm_counters of file_rss and anon_rss: make those an atomic_t, or an
atomic64_t if the architecture supports it, in such a case.  Definitions by
courtesy of Christoph Lameter: who spent considerable effort on more scalable
ways of counting, but found insufficient benefit in practice.

And adding an mm with swap to the mmlist for swapoff: the list is well-
guarded by its own lock, but the list_empty check now has to be repeated
inside it.
Signed-off-by: NHugh Dickins <hugh@veritas.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>

Christoph Lameter demonstrated very poor scalability on the SGI 512-way, with
a many-threaded application which concurrently initializes different parts of
a large anonymous area.

This patch corrects that, by using a separate spinlock per page table page, to
guard the page table entries in that page, instead of using the mm's single
page_table_lock.  (But even then, page_table_lock is still used to guard page
table allocation, and anon_vma allocation.)

In this implementation, the spinlock is tucked inside the struct page of the
page table page: with a BUILD_BUG_ON in case it overflows - which it would in
the case of 32-bit PA-RISC with spinlock debugging enabled.

Splitting the lock is not quite for free: another cacheline access.  Ideally,
I suppose we would use split ptlock only for multi-threaded processes on
multi-cpu machines; but deciding that dynamically would have its own costs.
So for now enable it by config, at some number of cpus - since the Kconfig
language doesn't support inequalities, let preprocessor compare that with
NR_CPUS.  But I don't think it's worth being user-configurable: for good
testing of both split and unsplit configs, split now at 4 cpus, and perhaps
change that to 8 later.

There is a benefit even for singly threaded processes: kswapd can be attacking
one part of the mm while another part is busy faulting.
Signed-off-by: NHugh Dickins <hugh@veritas.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>

rmap's page_check_address descend without page_table_lock.  First just
pte_offset_map in case there's no pte present worth locking for, then take
page_table_lock for the full check, and pass ptl back to caller in the same
style as pte_offset_map_lock.  __xip_unmap, page_referenced_one and
try_to_unmap_one use pte_unmap_unlock.  try_to_unmap_cluster also.

page_check_address reformatted to avoid progressive indentation.  No use is
made of its one error code, return NULL when it fails.
Signed-off-by: NHugh Dickins <hugh@veritas.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>

update_mem_hiwater has attracted various criticisms, in particular from those
concerned with mm scalability.  Originally it was called whenever rss or
total_vm got raised.  Then many of those callsites were replaced by a timer
tick call from account_system_time.  Now Frank van Maarseveen reports that to
be found inadequate.  How about this?  Works for Frank.

Replace update_mem_hiwater, a poor combination of two unrelated ops, by macros
update_hiwater_rss and update_hiwater_vm.  Don't attempt to keep
mm->hiwater_rss up to date at timer tick, nor every time we raise rss (usually
by 1): those are hot paths.  Do the opposite, update only when about to lower
rss (usually by many), or just before final accounting in do_exit.  Handle
mm->hiwater_vm in the same way, though it's much less of an issue.  Demand
that whoever collects these hiwater statistics do the work of taking the
maximum with rss or total_vm.

And there has been no collector of these hiwater statistics in the tree.  The
new convention needs an example, so match Frank's usage by adding a VmPeak
line above VmSize to /proc/<pid>/status, and also a VmHWM line above VmRSS
(High-Water-Mark or High-Water-Memory).

There was a particular anomaly during mremap move, that hiwater_vm might be
captured too high.  A fleeting such anomaly remains, but it's quickly
corrected now, whereas before it would stick.

What locking?  None: if the app is racy then these statistics will be racy,
it's not worth any overhead to make them exact.  But whenever it suits,
hiwater_vm is updated under exclusive mmap_sem, and hiwater_rss under
page_table_lock (for now) or with preemption disabled (later on): without
going to any trouble, minimize the time between reading current values and
updating, to minimize those occasions when a racing thread bumps a count up
and back down in between.
Signed-off-by: NHugh Dickins <hugh@veritas.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>

Remove PageReserved() calls from core code by tightening VM_RESERVED
handling in mm/ to cover PageReserved functionality.

PageReserved special casing is removed from get_page and put_page.

All setting and clearing of PageReserved is retained, and it is now flagged
in the page_alloc checks to help ensure we don't introduce any refcount
based freeing of Reserved pages.

MAP_PRIVATE, PROT_WRITE of VM_RESERVED regions is tentatively being
deprecated.  We never completely handled it correctly anyway, and is be
reintroduced in future if required (Hugh has a proof of concept).

Once PageReserved() calls are removed from kernel/power/swsusp.c, and all
arch/ and driver code, the Set and Clear calls, and the PG_reserved bit can
be trivially removed.

Last real user of PageReserved is swsusp, which uses PageReserved to
determine whether a struct page points to valid memory or not.  This still
needs to be addressed (a generic page_is_ram() should work).

A last caveat: the ZERO_PAGE is now refcounted and managed with rmap (and
thus mapcounted and count towards shared rss).  These writes to the struct
page could cause excessive cacheline bouncing on big systems.  There are a
number of ways this could be addressed if it is an issue.
Signed-off-by: NNick Piggin <npiggin@suse.de>

Refcount bug fix for filemap_xip.c
Signed-off-by: NCarsten Otte <cotte@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>

I was lazy when we added anon_rss, and chose to change as few places as
possible.  So currently each anonymous page has to be counted twice, in rss
and in anon_rss.  Which won't be so good if those are atomic counts in some
configurations.

Change that around: keep file_rss and anon_rss separately, and add them
together (with get_mm_rss macro) when the total is needed - reading two
atomics is much cheaper than updating two atomics.  And update anon_rss
upfront, typically in memory.c, not tucked away in page_add_anon_rmap.
Signed-off-by: NHugh Dickins <hugh@veritas.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>

It turns out that the original swap token implementation, by Song Jiang, only
enforced the swap token while the task holding the token is handling a page
fault.  This patch approximates that, without adding an additional flag to the
mm_struct, by checking whether the mm->mmap_sem is held for reading, like the
page fault code does.

This patch has the effect of automatically, and gradually, disabling the
enforcement of the swap token when there is little or no paging going on, and
"turning up" the intensity of the swap token code the more the task holding
the token is thrashing.

Thanks to Song Jiang for pointing out this aspect of the token based thrashing
control concept.

The new code shows a slight degradation over the old swap token code, but
still a big win over running without the swap token.

2.6.12+ swap token disabled

$ for i in `seq 10` ; do /usr/bin/time ./qsbench -n 30000000 -p 3 ; done
101.74user 23.13system 8:26.91elapsed 24%CPU (0avgtext+0avgdata 0maxresident)k
0inputs+0outputs (38597major+430315minor)pagefaults 0swaps
101.98user 24.91system 8:03.06elapsed 26%CPU (0avgtext+0avgdata 0maxresident)k
0inputs+0outputs (33939major+430457minor)pagefaults 0swaps
101.93user 22.12system 7:34.90elapsed 27%CPU (0avgtext+0avgdata 0maxresident)k
0inputs+0outputs (33166major+421267minor)pagefaults 0swaps
101.82user 22.38system 8:31.40elapsed 24%CPU (0avgtext+0avgdata 0maxresident)k
0inputs+0outputs (39338major+433262minor)pagefaults 0swaps

2.6.12+ swap token enabled, timeout 300 seconds

$ for i in `seq 4` ; do /usr/bin/time ./qsbench -n 30000000 -p 3 ; done
102.58user 16.08system 3:41.44elapsed 53%CPU (0avgtext+0avgdata 0maxresident)k
0inputs+0outputs (19707major+285786minor)pagefaults 0swaps
102.07user 19.56system 4:00.64elapsed 50%CPU (0avgtext+0avgdata 0maxresident)k
0inputs+0outputs (19012major+299259minor)pagefaults 0swaps
102.64user 18.25system 4:07.31elapsed 48%CPU (0avgtext+0avgdata 0maxresident)k
0inputs+0outputs (21990major+304831minor)pagefaults 0swaps
101.39user 19.41system 5:15.81elapsed 38%CPU (0avgtext+0avgdata 0maxresident)k
0inputs+0outputs (24850major+323321minor)pagefaults 0swaps

2.6.12+ with new swap token code, timeout 300 seconds

$ for i in `seq 4` ; do /usr/bin/time ./qsbench -n 30000000 -p 3 ; done
101.87user 24.66system 5:53.20elapsed 35%CPU (0avgtext+0avgdata 0maxresident)k
0inputs+0outputs (26848major+363497minor)pagefaults 0swaps
102.83user 19.95system 4:17.25elapsed 47%CPU (0avgtext+0avgdata 0maxresident)k
0inputs+0outputs (19946major+305722minor)pagefaults 0swaps
102.09user 19.46system 5:12.57elapsed 38%CPU (0avgtext+0avgdata 0maxresident)k
0inputs+0outputs (25461major+334994minor)pagefaults 0swaps
101.67user 20.61system 4:52.97elapsed 41%CPU (0avgtext+0avgdata 0maxresident)k
0inputs+0outputs (22190major+329508minor)pagefaults 0swaps
Signed-off-by: NRik Van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>

Thanks to Bill Irwin for pointing this out.
Signed-off-by: NNick Piggin <npiggin@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>

Microoptimise page_add_anon_rmap.  Although these expressions are used only in
the taken branch of the if() statement, the compiler can't reorder them inside
because atomic_inc_and_test is a barrier.
Signed-off-by: NNick Piggin <npiggin@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>

Just be clear that VM_RESERVED pages here are a bug, and the test is not there
because they are expected.
Signed-off-by: NNick Piggin <npiggin@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>

Remove the three get_mm_counter(mm, rss) tests from rmap.c: there was a
time when testing rss was important to avoid a particular race between
dup_mmap and the anonmm rmap; but now it's just a rather silly pseudo-
optimization, made even more obscure by the get_mm_counter macro.
Signed-off-by: NHugh Dickins <hugh@veritas.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>

The idea of a swap_device_lock per device, and a swap_list_lock over them all,
is appealing; but in practice almost every holder of swap_device_lock must
already hold swap_list_lock, which defeats the purpose of the split.

The only exceptions have been swap_duplicate, valid_swaphandles and an
untrodden path in try_to_unuse (plus a few places added in this series).
valid_swaphandles doesn't show up high in profiles, but swap_duplicate does
demand attention.  However, with the hold time in get_swap_pages so much
reduced, I've not yet found a load and set of swap device priorities to show
even swap_duplicate benefitting from the split.  Certainly the split is mere
overhead in the common case of a single swap device.

So, replace swap_list_lock and swap_device_lock by spinlock_t swap_lock
(generally we seem to prefer an _ in the name, and not hide in a macro).

If someone can show a regression in swap_duplicate, then probably we should
add a hashlock for the swap_map entries alone (shorts being anatomic), so as
to help the case of the single swap device too.
Signed-off-by: NHugh Dickins <hugh@veritas.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>

- generic_file* file operations do no longer have a xip/non-xip split
- filemap_xip.c implements a new set of fops that require get_xip_page
  aop to work proper. all new fops are exported GPL-only (don't like to
  see whatever code use those except GPL modules)
- __xip_unmap now uses page_check_address, which is no longer static
  in rmap.c, and defined in linux/rmap.h
- mm/filemap.h is now much more clean, plainly having just Linus'
  inline funcs moved here from filemap.c
- fix includes in filemap_xip to make it build cleanly on i386
Signed-off-by: NCarsten Otte <cotte@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>

Remember that ironic get_user_pages race?  when the raised page_count on a
page swapped out led do_wp_page to decide that it had to copy on write, so
substituted a different page into userspace.  2.6.7 onwards have Andrea's
solution, where try_to_unmap_one backs out if it finds page_count raised.

Which works, but is unsatisfying (rmap.c has no other page_count heuristics),
and was found a few months ago to hang an intensive page migration test.  A
year ago I was hesitant to engage page_mapcount, now it seems the right fix.

So remove the page_count hack from try_to_unmap_one; and use activate_page in
unuse_mm when dropping lock, to replace its secondary effect of helping
swapoff to make progress in that case.

Simplify can_share_swap_page (now called only on anonymous pages) to check
page_mapcount + page_swapcount == 1: still needs the page lock to stabilize
their (pessimistic) sum, but does not need swapper_space.tree_lock for that.

In do_swap_page, move swap_free and unlock_page below page_add_anon_rmap, to
keep sum on the high side, and correct when can_share_swap_page called.
Signed-off-by: NHugh Dickins <hugh@veritas.com>
Signed-off-by: NAndrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: NLinus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>