perf creates a single 'struct thread' to represent the idle task. That
is because threads are identified by PID and TID, and the idle task
always has PID == TID == 0.

However, there are actually separate idle tasks for each CPU. That
creates a problem for thread stack processing which assumes that each
thread has a single stack, not one stack per CPU.

Fix that by passing through the CPU number, and in the case of the idle
"thread", pick the thread stack from an array based on the CPU number.
Signed-off-by: NAdrian Hunter <adrian.hunter@intel.com>
Acked-by: NJiri Olsa <jolsa@kernel.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20181221120620.9659-8-adrian.hunter@intel.comSigned-off-by: NArnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>

More event information is useful for debugging, especially MMAP events.
Signed-off-by: NAdrian Hunter <adrian.hunter@intel.com>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20181105073505.8129-2-adrian.hunter@intel.comSigned-off-by: NArnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>

In the absence of a fallback, samples must provide a correct cpumode for
the 'ip'. Do that now there is no fallback.
Signed-off-by: NAdrian Hunter <adrian.hunter@intel.com>
Reviewed-by: NJiri Olsa <jolsa@kernel.org>
Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
Cc: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Cc: Leo Yan <leo.yan@linaro.org>
Cc: Mathieu Poirier <mathieu.poirier@linaro.org>
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org # 4.19
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20181031091043.23465-6-adrian.hunter@intel.comSigned-off-by: NArnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>

In the absence of a fallback, callchains must encode also the callchain
context. Do that now there is no fallback.
Signed-off-by: NAdrian Hunter <adrian.hunter@intel.com>
Reviewed-by: NJiri Olsa <jolsa@kernel.org>
Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
Cc: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Cc: Leo Yan <leo.yan@linaro.org>
Cc: Mathieu Poirier <mathieu.poirier@linaro.org>
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org # 4.19
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/100ea2ec-ed14-b56d-d810-e0a6d2f4b069@intel.comSigned-off-by: NArnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>

By default 'perf script' for itrace outputs sampled instructions or
branches. In my experience this is confusing to users because it's hard
to correlate with real program behavior. The sampling makes sense for
tools like 'perf report' that actually sample to reduce the run time,
but run time is normally not a problem for 'perf script'.  It's better
to give an accurate representation of the program flow.

Default 'perf script' to output all calls for itrace. That's a much saner
default. The old behavior can be still requested with 'perf script'
--itrace=ibxwpe100000

v2: Fix ETM build failure
v3: Really fix ETM build failure (Kim Phillips)
Signed-off-by: NAndi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
Acked-by: NJiri Olsa <jolsa@kernel.org>
Cc: Kim Phillips <kim.phillips@arm.com>
Cc: Leo Yan <leo.yan@linaro.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20180920180540.14039-3-andi@firstfloor.orgSigned-off-by: NArnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>

Previously, the decoder would indicate begin / end by a branch from / to
zero. That hides useful information, in particular when a trace ends
with a call. To prepare for remedying that, add Intel PT decoder flags
for trace begin / end and map them to the existing sample flags.
Signed-off-by: NAdrian Hunter <adrian.hunter@intel.com>
Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@redhat.com>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20180920130048.31432-6-adrian.hunter@intel.comSigned-off-by: NArnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>

Some Atom CPUs can produce FUP packets that contain NLIP (next linear
instruction pointer) instead of CLIP (current linear instruction
pointer).  That will result in "Unexpected indirect branch" errors. Fix
by comparing IP to NLIP in that case.
Signed-off-by: NAdrian Hunter <adrian.hunter@intel.com>
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1527762225-26024-5-git-send-email-adrian.hunter@intel.comSigned-off-by: NArnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>

sync_switch is a facility to synchronize decoding more closely with the
point in the kernel when the context actually switched.

In one case, INTEL_PT_SS_NOT_TRACING state was not correctly
transitioning to INTEL_PT_SS_TRACING state due to a missing case clause.
Add it.
Signed-off-by: NAdrian Hunter <adrian.hunter@intel.com>
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1527762225-26024-2-git-send-email-adrian.hunter@intel.comSigned-off-by: NArnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>

All users want MAP__FUNCTION, and this split is going away.

Cc: Adrian Hunter <adrian.hunter@intel.com>
Cc: David Ahern <dsahern@gmail.com>
Cc: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@kernel.org>
Cc: Namhyung Kim <namhyung@kernel.org>
Cc: Wang Nan <wangnan0@huawei.com>
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/n/tip-sm72zwt1f03ma5uw78l6zze0@git.kernel.orgSigned-off-by: NArnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>

It was returning the searched map just on the addr_location passed, with
the function itself returning void.

Make it return the map so that we can make the code more compact.

Cc: Adrian Hunter <adrian.hunter@intel.com>
Cc: David Ahern <dsahern@gmail.com>
Cc: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@kernel.org>
Cc: Namhyung Kim <namhyung@kernel.org>
Cc: Wang Nan <wangnan0@huawei.com>
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/n/tip-tzlrrzdeoof4i6ktyqv1t6ks@git.kernel.orgSigned-off-by: NArnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>

Out of thread__find_add_map(..., MAP__FUNCTION, ...), idea here is to
continue removing references to MAP__{FUNCTION,VARIABLE} ahead of
getting both types of symbols in the same rbtree, as various places do
two lookups, looking first at MAP__FUNCTION, then at MAP__VARIABLE.

So thread__find_map() will eventually do just that, and 'struct symbol'
will have the symbol type, for code that cares about that.

Cc: Adrian Hunter <adrian.hunter@intel.com>
Cc: David Ahern <dsahern@gmail.com>
Cc: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@kernel.org>
Cc: Namhyung Kim <namhyung@kernel.org>
Cc: Wang Nan <wangnan0@huawei.com>
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/n/tip-q27xee34l4izpfau49w103s6@git.kernel.orgSigned-off-by: NArnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>

Adjust overlap-checking to support sampling mode.
Signed-off-by: NAdrian Hunter <adrian.hunter@intel.com>
Cc: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@redhat.com>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1520431349-30689-10-git-send-email-adrian.hunter@intel.comSigned-off-by: NArnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>

Intel PT code already has some preparation for AUX area sampling mode.

However the implementation has changed from the first proposal and one
of the side-effects is that it will not be impossible to support snapshot
mode and sampling mode at the same time.

Although there are no plans to support it, let validation (not yet
implemented) control whether it is allowed rather than low-level
functions.
Signed-off-by: NAdrian Hunter <adrian.hunter@intel.com>
Cc: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@redhat.com>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1520431349-30689-9-git-send-email-adrian.hunter@intel.comSigned-off-by: NArnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>

intel_pt_get_trace() fixes overlaps between the current buffer and the
previous buffer ('old_buffer').

However the previous buffer might not have had usable data (no PSB) so
the comparison must be made against the previous buffer that had usable
data.

Tidy that by keeping a pointer for that purpose in struct intel_pt_queue.
Signed-off-by: NAdrian Hunter <adrian.hunter@intel.com>
Cc: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@redhat.com>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1520431349-30689-8-git-send-email-adrian.hunter@intel.comSigned-off-by: NArnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>

With the new way sampling support will be implemented,
intel_pt_use_buffer_pid_tid() will not be needed. Get rid of it.
Signed-off-by: NAdrian Hunter <adrian.hunter@intel.com>
Cc: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@redhat.com>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1520431349-30689-7-git-send-email-adrian.hunter@intel.comSigned-off-by: NArnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>

sync_switch is a facility to synchronize decoding more closely with the
point in the kernel when the context actually switched.

The flag when sync_switch is enabled was global to the decoding, whereas
it is really specific to the CPU.

The trace data for different CPUs is put on different queues, so add
sync_switch to the intel_pt_queue structure and use that in preference
to the global setting in the intel_pt structure.

That fixes problems decoding one CPU's trace because sync_switch was
disabled on a different CPU's queue.
Signed-off-by: NAdrian Hunter <adrian.hunter@intel.com>
Cc: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@redhat.com>
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1520431349-30689-3-git-send-email-adrian.hunter@intel.comSigned-off-by: NArnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>

Overlap detection was not not updating the buffer's 'consecutive' flag.
Marking buffers consecutive has the advantage that decoding begins from
the start of the buffer instead of the first PSB. Fix overlap detection
to identify consecutive buffers correctly.
Signed-off-by: NAdrian Hunter <adrian.hunter@intel.com>
Cc: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@redhat.com>
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1520431349-30689-2-git-send-email-adrian.hunter@intel.comSigned-off-by: NArnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>

There is never a need to synthesize a 'swapped' sample, so all callers
to perf_event__synthesize_sample() pass 'false' as the value to
'swapped'. So get rid of the unused 'swapped' parameter.
Signed-off-by: NAdrian Hunter <adrian.hunter@intel.com>
Acked-by: NJiri Olsa <jolsa@redhat.com>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1516108492-21401-4-git-send-email-adrian.hunter@intel.comSigned-off-by: NArnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>

Both 'perf inject' and internal tools consume cpu endian samples, so
there is never a need to do any swapping when synthesizing samples.
Signed-off-by: NAdrian Hunter <adrian.hunter@intel.com>
Acked-by: NJiri Olsa <jolsa@redhat.com>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1516108492-21401-2-git-send-email-adrian.hunter@intel.comSigned-off-by: NArnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>

Rename struct perf_data_file to perf_data, because we will add the
possibility to have multiple files under perf.data, so the 'perf_data'
name fits better.
Signed-off-by: NJiri Olsa <jolsa@kernel.org>
Cc: Andi Kleen <andi@firstfloor.org>
Cc: Changbin Du <changbin.du@intel.com>
Cc: David Ahern <dsahern@gmail.com>
Cc: Jin Yao <yao.jin@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Namhyung Kim <namhyung@kernel.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Wang Nan <wangnan0@huawei.com>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/n/tip-39wn4d77phel3dgkzo3lyan0@git.kernel.org
[ Fixup recent changes in 'perf script --per-event-dump' ]
Signed-off-by: NArnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>

Synthesize new power and ptwrite events.

Power events report changes to C-state but I have also added support
for the existing CBR (core-to-bus ratio) packet and included that
when outputting power events.

The PTWRITE packet is associated with the new "ptwrite" instruction,
which is essentially just a way to stuff a 32 or 64 bit value into the
PT trace.

More details can be found in the patches that add documentation and in
the Intel SDM.
Signed-off-by: NAdrian Hunter <adrian.hunter@intel.com>
Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1498811805-2335-1-git-send-email-adrian.hunter@intel.com
[ Copy the description of such packet from the patchkit cover message ]
Signed-off-by: NArnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>

intel_pt_synth_events() uses the same attr structure to create each event.
Move the code around a bit to simplify that.
Signed-off-by: NAdrian Hunter <adrian.hunter@intel.com>
Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1495786658-18063-33-git-send-email-adrian.hunter@intel.comSigned-off-by: NArnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>

Factor out intel_pt_set_event_name() so it can be reused.
Signed-off-by: NAdrian Hunter <adrian.hunter@intel.com>
Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1495786658-18063-32-git-send-email-adrian.hunter@intel.comSigned-off-by: NArnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>

Tidy print messages into called function intel_pt_synth_event().
Signed-off-by: NAdrian Hunter <adrian.hunter@intel.com>
Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1495786658-18063-31-git-send-email-adrian.hunter@intel.comSigned-off-by: NArnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>

Tidy the lookup of the Intel PT selected event (perf_evsel) into a separate
function.
Signed-off-by: NAdrian Hunter <adrian.hunter@intel.com>
Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1495786658-18063-30-git-send-email-adrian.hunter@intel.comSigned-off-by: NArnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>

Join needlessly wrapped lines.
Signed-off-by: NAdrian Hunter <adrian.hunter@intel.com>
Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1495786658-18063-29-git-send-email-adrian.hunter@intel.comSigned-off-by: NArnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>

Remove unused struct intel_pt member instructions_sample_period.
Signed-off-by: NAdrian Hunter <adrian.hunter@intel.com>
Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1495786658-18063-28-git-send-email-adrian.hunter@intel.comSigned-off-by: NArnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>

Factor out common code in functions synthesizing event samples i.e.
intel_pt_synth_branch_sample(), intel_pt_synth_instruction_sample() and
intel_pt_synth_transaction_sample().
Signed-off-by: NAdrian Hunter <adrian.hunter@intel.com>
Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1495786658-18063-27-git-send-email-adrian.hunter@intel.comSigned-off-by: NArnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>

'transactions_sample_type' is needed to correctly inject transactions
samples but it was not being set. Set it from the event sample type.
Signed-off-by: NAdrian Hunter <adrian.hunter@intel.com>
Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1495786658-18063-18-git-send-email-adrian.hunter@intel.comSigned-off-by: NArnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>

'initial_skip' is checked inside the sample synthesis functions which means
it is actually being done twice for 'instructions' and 'transactions'
samples. Remove the redundant checks.
Signed-off-by: NAdrian Hunter <adrian.hunter@intel.com>
Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1495786658-18063-17-git-send-email-adrian.hunter@intel.comSigned-off-by: NArnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>

The kernel now supports the disabling of branch tracing, however the
decoder assumes branch tracing is always enabled. Pass through a parameter
to indicate whether branch tracing is enabled and use it to avoid cases
when the decoder is expecting branch packets. There are 2 such cases.
First, FUP packets which can bind to an IP even when there is no branch
tracing. Secondly, the decoder will try to use branch packets to find an IP
to start decoding or to recover from errors.
Signed-off-by: NAdrian Hunter <adrian.hunter@intel.com>
Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1495786658-18063-11-git-send-email-adrian.hunter@intel.comSigned-off-by: NArnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>

Just one more step into splitting util.[ch] to reduce the includes hell.

Cc: Adrian Hunter <adrian.hunter@intel.com>
Cc: David Ahern <dsahern@gmail.com>
Cc: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@kernel.org>
Cc: Namhyung Kim <namhyung@kernel.org>
Cc: Wang Nan <wangnan0@huawei.com>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/n/tip-navarr9mijkgwgbzu464dwam@git.kernel.orgSigned-off-by: NArnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>

Needed to use the PRI[xu](32,64) formatting macros.

Cc: Adrian Hunter <adrian.hunter@intel.com>
Cc: David Ahern <dsahern@gmail.com>
Cc: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@kernel.org>
Cc: Namhyung Kim <namhyung@kernel.org>
Cc: Wang Nan <wangnan0@huawei.com>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/n/tip-wkbho8kaw24q67dd11q0j39f@git.kernel.orgSigned-off-by: NArnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>

Previously these were being ignored, sometimes silently.

Stop doing that, emitting debug messages and handling the errors.

Testing it:

  $ cat ~/.perfconfig
  cat: /home/acme/.perfconfig: No such file or directory
  $ perf stat -e cycles usleep 1

   Performance counter stats for 'usleep 1':

           938,996      cycles:u

       0.003813731 seconds time elapsed

  $ perf top --stdio
  Error:
  You may not have permission to collect system-wide stats.

  Consider tweaking /proc/sys/kernel/perf_event_paranoid,
  <SNIP>
  [ perf record: Captured and wrote 0.019 MB perf.data (7 samples) ]
  [acme@jouet linux]$ perf report --stdio
  # To display the perf.data header info, please use --header/--header-only options.
  # Overhead  Command  Shared Object      Symbol
  # ........  .......  .................  .........................
    71.77%  usleep   libc-2.24.so       [.] _dl_addr
    27.07%  usleep   ld-2.24.so         [.] _dl_next_ld_env_entry
     1.13%  usleep   [kernel.kallsyms]  [k] page_fault
  $
  $ touch ~/.perfconfig
  $ ls -la ~/.perfconfig
  -rw-rw-r--. 1 acme acme 0 Jan 27 12:14 /home/acme/.perfconfig
  $
  $ perf stat -e instructions usleep 1

   Performance counter stats for 'usleep 1':

           244,610      instructions:u

       0.000805383 seconds time elapsed

  $
  [root@jouet ~]# chown acme.acme ~/.perfconfig
  [root@jouet ~]# perf stat -e cycles usleep 1
    Warning: File /root/.perfconfig not owned by current user or root, ignoring it.

   Performance counter stats for 'usleep 1':

           937,615      cycles

       0.000836931 seconds time elapsed
  #

Cc: Adrian Hunter <adrian.hunter@intel.com>
Cc: David Ahern <dsahern@gmail.com>
Cc: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@kernel.org>
Cc: Namhyung Kim <namhyung@kernel.org>
Cc: Wang Nan <wangnan0@huawei.com>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/n/tip-j2rq96so6xdqlr8p8rd6a3jx@git.kernel.orgSigned-off-by: NArnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>

Change Intel PT and BTS to pass up the length and the instruction
bytes of the decoded or sampled instruction in the perf sample.

The decoder already knows this information, we just need to pass it
up. Since it is only a couple of movs it is not very expensive.

Handle instruction cache too. Make sure ilen is always initialized.

Used in the next patch.

[Adrian: re-base on top (and adjust for) instruction buffer size tidy-up]
[Adrian: add BTS support and adjust commit message accordingly]
Signed-off-by: NAdrian Hunter <adrian.hunter@intel.com>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1475847747-30994-3-git-send-email-adrian.hunter@intel.comSigned-off-by: NAndi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: NArnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>

Tidy instruction buffer size usage in preparation for copying the
instruction bytes onto samples.

The instruction buffer is presently used for debugging, so rename its
size macro from INTEL_PT_INSN_DBG_BUF_SZ to INTEL_PT_INSN_BUF_SZ, and
use it everywhere.

Note that the maximum instruction size is 15 which is a less efficient size
to copy than 16, which is why a separate buffer size is used.
Signed-off-by: NAdrian Hunter <adrian.hunter@intel.com>
Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1475847747-30994-2-git-send-email-adrian.hunter@intel.comSigned-off-by: NArnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>

Due to errata SKL014 "Intel PT TIP.PGD May Not Have Target IP Payload",
the Intel PT decoder needs to match address filters against TIP.PGD
packets.  Parse the address filters and implement the decoder's
'pgd_ip()' callback to match the IP against the filter regions.
Signed-off-by: NAdrian Hunter <adrian.hunter@intel.com>
Cc: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@redhat.com>
Cc: Masami Hiramatsu <mhiramat@kernel.org>
Cc: Mathieu Poirier <mathieu.poirier@linaro.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1474641528-18776-17-git-send-email-adrian.hunter@intel.comSigned-off-by: NArnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>

Read the address filter from the AUXTRACE_INFO event in preparation for
using it to assist in decoding.
Signed-off-by: NAdrian Hunter <adrian.hunter@intel.com>
Cc: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@redhat.com>
Cc: Masami Hiramatsu <mhiramat@kernel.org>
Cc: Mathieu Poirier <mathieu.poirier@linaro.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1474641528-18776-15-git-send-email-adrian.hunter@intel.comSigned-off-by: NArnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>

Add a helper function 'intel_pt_has()' to make it easier to determine
which members the AUXTRACE_INFO event contains.
Signed-off-by: NAdrian Hunter <adrian.hunter@intel.com>
Cc: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@redhat.com>
Cc: Masami Hiramatsu <mhiramat@kernel.org>
Cc: Mathieu Poirier <mathieu.poirier@linaro.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1474641528-18776-13-git-send-email-adrian.hunter@intel.comSigned-off-by: NArnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>

Fix 2 places where the err variable was not being set.
Signed-off-by: NAdrian Hunter <adrian.hunter@intel.com>
Cc: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@redhat.com>
Cc: Masami Hiramatsu <mhiramat@kernel.org>
Cc: Mathieu Poirier <mathieu.poirier@linaro.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1474641528-18776-12-git-send-email-adrian.hunter@intel.comSigned-off-by: NArnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>