SDIFF used an algorithm that was O(N) where N is the total number
of elements of all the sets involved in the operation.

The algorithm worked like that:

ALGORITHM 1:

1) For the first set, add all the members to an auxiliary set.
2) For all the other sets, remove all the members of the set from the
auxiliary set.

So it is an O(N) algorithm where N is the total number of elements in
all the sets involved in the diff operation.

Cristobal Viedma suggested to modify the algorithm to the following:

ALGORITHM 2:

1) Iterate all the elements of the first set.
2) For every element, check if the element also exists in all the other
remaining sets.
3) Add the element to the auxiliary set only if it does not exist in any
of the other sets.

The complexity of this algorithm on the worst case is O(N*M) where N is
the size of the first set and M the total number of sets involved in the
operation.

However when there are elements in common, with this algorithm we stop
the computation for a given element as long as we find a duplicated
element into another set.

I (antirez) added an additional step to algorithm 2 to make it faster,
that is to sort the set to subtract from the biggest to the
smallest, so that it is more likely to find a duplicate in a larger sets
that are checked before the smaller ones.

WHAT IS BETTER?

None of course, for instance if the first set is much larger than the
other sets the second algorithm does a lot more work compared to the
first algorithm.

Similarly if the first set is much smaller than the other sets, the
original algorithm will less work.

So this commit makes Redis able to guess the number of operations
required by each algorithm, and select the best at runtime according
to the input received.

However, since the second algorithm has better constant times and can do
less work if there are duplicated elements, an advantage is given to the
second algorithm.

The idea is to be able to identify a build in a unique way, so for
instance after a bug report we can recognize that the build is the one
of a popular Linux distribution and perform the debugging in the same
environment.

1) We no longer test location by location, otherwise the CPU write cache
completely makes our business useless.
2) We still need a memory test that operates in steps from the first to
the last location in order to never hit the cache, but that is still
able to retain the memory content.

This was tested using a Linux box containing a bad memory module with a
zingle bit error (always zero).

So the final solution does has an error propagation step that is:

1) Invert bits at every location.
2) Swap adiacent locations.
3) Swap adiacent locations again.
4) Invert bits at every location.
5) Swap adiacent locations.
6) Swap adiacent locations again.

Before and after these steps, and after step 4, a CRC64 checksum is computed.
If the three CRC64 checksums don't match, a memory error was detected.

EVALSHA used to crash if the SHA1 was not lowercase (Issue #783).
Fixed using a case insensitive dictionary type for the sha -> script
map used for replication of scripts.

This fixes issue #761.

After the transcation starts with a MULIT, the previous behavior was to
return an error on problems such as maxmemory limit reached. But still
to execute the transaction with the subset of queued commands on EXEC.

While it is true that the client was able to check for errors
distinguish QUEUED by an error reply, MULTI/EXEC in most client
implementations uses pipelining for speed, so all the commands and EXEC
are sent without caring about replies.

With this change:

1) EXEC fails if at least one command was not queued because of an
error. The EXECABORT error is used.
2) A generic error is always reported on EXEC.
3) The client DISCARDs the MULTI state after a failed EXEC, otherwise
pipelining multiple transactions would be basically impossible:
After a failed EXEC the next transaction would be simply queued as
the tail of the previous transaction.

We use this new bio.c feature in order to stop our I/O threads if there
is a memory test to do on crash. In this case we don't want anything
else than the main thread to run, otherwise the other threads may mess
with the heap and the memory test will report a false positive.

Finally Redis is able to report the amount of memory used by
copy-on-write while saving an RDB or writing an AOF file in background.

Note that this information is currently only logged (at NOTICE level)
and not shown in INFO because this is less trivial (but surely doable
with some minor form of interprocess communication).

The reason we can't capture this information on the parent before we
call wait3() is that the Linux kernel will release the child memory
ASAP, and only retain the minimal state for the process that is useful
to report the child termination to the parent.

The COW size is obtained by summing all the Private_Dirty fields found
in the "smap" file inside the proc filesystem for the process.

All this is Linux specific and is not available on other systems.

For non Linux systmes it just returns 0.

This function is useful to estimate copy-on-write because of childs
saving stuff on disk.

The previous behavior was to return -1 if:

1) Existing key but without an expire set.
2) Non existing key.

Now the second case is handled in a different, and TTL will return -2
if the key does not exist at all.

PTTL follows the same behavior as well.

Make clear that contributing code to the Redis project means to release it under the terms of the BSD license.

So instead to reply with a generic error like:

-ERR ... wrong kind of value ...

now it replies with:

-WRONGTYPE ... wrong kind of value ...

This makes this particular error easy to check without resorting to
(fragile) pattern matching of the error string (however the error string
used to be consistent already).

Client libraries should return a specific exeption type for this error.

Most of the commit is about fixing unit tests.

After the wait3() syscall we used to do something like that:

    if (pid == server.rdb_child_pid) {
        backgroundSaveDoneHandler(exitcode,bysignal);
    } else {
        ....
    }

So the AOF rewrite was handled in the else branch without actually
checking if the pid really matches. This commit makes the check explicit
and logs at WARNING level if the pid returned by wait3() does not match
neither the RDB or AOF rewrite child.

This also fixes issue #745.

It failed because of the way jemalloc was compiled (without passing the
right flags to make, but just to configure). Now the same set of flags
are also passed to the make command, fixing the issue.

This fixes issue #744

Because of the short circuit behavior of && inverting the two sides of
the if expression avoids an hash table lookup if the non-EX variant of
SET is called.

Thanks to Weibin Yao (@yaoweibin on github) for spotting this.

This fixes issue #667.

Many thanks to Didier Spezia for the fix.