Clients using SYNC to replicate are older implementations, such as
redis-cli --slave, and are not designed to acknowledge the master with
REPLCONF ACK commands, so we don't have any feedback and should not
disconnect them on timeout.

This commit uses the Replication Script Cache in order to avoid
translating EVALSHA into EVAL whenever possible for both the AOF and
slaves.

This code is only responsible to take an LRU-evicted fixed length cache
of SHA1 that we are sure all the slaves received.

In this commit only the implementation is provided, but the Redis core
does not use it to actually send EVALSHA to slaves when possible.

The old REDIS_CMD_FORCE_REPLICATION flag was removed from the
implementation of Redis, now there is a new API to force specific
executions of a command to be propagated to AOF / Replication link:

    void forceCommandPropagation(int flags);

The new API is also compatible with Lua scripting, so a script that will
execute commands that are forced to be propagated, will also be
propagated itself accordingly even if no change to data is operated.

As a side effect, this new design fixes the issue with scripts not able
to propagate PUBLISH to slaves (issue #873).

Currently it implements three subcommands:

PUBSUB CHANNELS [<pattern>]    List channels with non-zero subscribers.
PUBSUB NUMSUB [channel_1 ...]  List number of subscribers for channels.
PUBSUB NUMPAT                  Return number of subscribed patterns.

This feature allows the user to specify the minimum number of
connected replicas having a lag less or equal than the specified
amount of seconds for writes to be accepted.

This special command is used by the slave to inform the master the
amount of replication stream it currently consumed.

it does not return anything so that we not need to consume additional
bandwidth needed by the master to reply something.

The master can do a number of things knowing the amount of stream
processed, such as understanding the "lag" in bytes of the slave, verify
if a given command was already processed by the slave, and so forth.

NetBSD-current's libc has a function named popcount.
hiding these extensions using feature macros is not possible because
redis uses other extensions covered by the same feature macro.
eg. inet_aton

Also the logfile option was modified to always have an explicit value
and to log to stdout when an empty string is used as log file.

Previously there was special handling of the string "stdout" that set
the logfile to NULL, this always required some special handling.

This reverts commit 2c75f2cf.

After further analysis, it is very unlikely that we'll raise the
string size limit to > 512MB, and at the same time such big strings
will be used in 32 bit systems.

Better to revert to size_t so that 32 bit processors will not be
forced to use a 64 bit counter in normal operations, that is currently
completely useless.

bitcount commant may return negtive integer with string length more than 256 MB

When the PONG delay is half the cluster node timeout, the link gets
disconnected (and later automatically reconnected) in order to ensure
that it's not just a dead connection issue.

However this operation is only performed if the link is old enough, in
order to avoid to disconnect the same link again and again (and among
the other problems, never receive the PONG because of that).

Note: when the link is reconnected, the 'ping_sent' field is not updated
even if a new ping is sent using the new connection, so we can still
reliably detect a node ping timeout.

This prevents the kernel from putting too much stuff in the output
buffers, doing too heavy I/O all at once. So the goal of this commit is
to split the disk pressure due to the AOF rewrite process into smaller
spikes.

Please see issue #1019 for more information.

We used to copy this value into the server.cluster structure, however this
was not necessary.

The reason why we don't directly use server.cluster->node_timeout is
that things that can be configured via redis.conf need to be directly
available in the server structure as server.cluster is allocated later
only if needed in order to reduce the memory footprint of non-cluster
instances.

Most Redis Cluster time limits are expressed in terms of the configured
node timeout. Turn them into defines.

When a BGSAVE fails, Redis used to flood itself trying to BGSAVE at
every next cron call, that is either 10 or 100 times per second
depending on configuration and server version.

This commit does not allow a new automatic BGSAVE attempt to be
performed before a few seconds delay (currently 5).

This avoids both the auto-flood problem and filling the disk with
logs at a serious rate.

The five seconds limit, considering a log entry of 200 bytes, will use
less than 4 MB of disk space per day that is reasonable, the sysadmin
should notice before of catastrofic events especially since by default
Redis will stop serving write queries after the first failed BGSAVE.

This fixes issue #849

We need the ability to disable the activeExpireCycle() (active
expired key collection) call for testing purposes.

A slave node set this flag for itself when, after receiving authorization
from the majority of nodes, it turns itself into a master.

At the same time now this flag is tested by nodes receiving a PING
message before reconfiguring after a failover event. This makes the
system more robust: even if currently there is no way to manually turn
a slave into a master it is possible that we'll have such a feature in
the future, or that simply because of misconfiguration a node joins the
cluster as master while others believe it's a slave. This alone is now
no longer enough to trigger reconfiguration as other nodes will check
for the PROMOTED flag.

The PROMOTED flag is cleared every time the node is turned back into a
replica of some other node.

Sender flags were not propagated for the sender, but only for nodes in
the gossip section. This is odd and in the next commits we'll need to
get updated flags for the sender node, so this commit adds a new field
in the cluster messages header.

The message header is the same size as we reused some free space that
was marked as 'unused' because of alignment concerns.

Redis Cluster can cope with a minority of nodes not informed about the
failure of a master in time for some reason (netsplit or node not
functioning properly, blocked, ...) however to wait a few seconds before
to start the failover will make most "normal" failovers simpler as the
FAIL message will propagate before the slave election happens.

That's trivial as we just need to increment the count of masters that
received with an ACK.

This message is sent by a slave that is ready to failover its master to
other nodes to get the authorization from the majority of masters.

This is the first step to lower the CPU usage when many databases are
configured. The other is to also process a limited number of DBs per
call in the active expire cycle.

Also the NEEDHELP Cluster state was removed as it will no longer be
used by Redis Cluster.

A new server.orig_commands table was added to the server structure, this
contains a copy of the commant table unaffected by rename-command
statements in redis.conf.

A new API lookupCommandOrOriginal() was added that checks both tables,
new first, old later, so that rewriteClientCommandVector() and friends
can lookup commands with their new or original name in order to fix the
client->cmd pointer when the argument vector is renamed.

This fixes the segfault of issue #986, but does not fix a wider range of
problems resulting from renaming commands that actually operate on data
and are registered into the AOF file or propagated to slaves... That is
command renaming should be handled with care.

This is the unix time at which we set the FAIL flag for the node.
It is only valid if FAIL is set.

The idea is to use it in order to make the cluster more robust, for
instance in order to revert a FAIL state if it is long-standing but
still slots are assigned to this node, that is, no one is going to fix
these slots apparently.