Test `except!` in other cases too

application.  Use of a symbol should be replaced with `action: symbol`.
Use of a string without a "#" should be replaced with `controller: string`.

Revert "test pg, remove unused column assignments. Follow up to 254cdf47"

Related to #15492

This reverts commit 254cdf47.
This reverts commit 4bcf9029.

There are public methods that assume `Column#default` is type casted.
The return value of `Column#default` is publicly relevant and should not change.

/cc @sgrif

this lets us reduce is_a checks on the options_constraints and push
"callable constraints" verification to the right place.

since we are now passing the format value around, we can remove it from
the options hash, which means we don't need to consult as many values
from IGNORE_OPTIONS

Refactor quoting of binary data to not be based on the column type