This reverts commit 70d6e16f, reversing
changes made to ea4db3bc.

Seems to be a code merge done by mistake.

`ReflectionTest` uses column information in tests and those tests break
if tests are run in random order.

change def self.primary_key to self.primary_key

change def self.primary_key to self.primary_key

The select_all method always returns ActiveRecord::Result instance,
and the ActiveRecord::Result includes Enumerable mixin.
If #empty?, #first method returns nil. Thus we can simplify this method.

Move model mutation to the methods that are called on the model.

Some adapters require column information to do their job properly.
By enforcing the provision of the column for this internal method
we ensure that those using adapters that require column information
will always get the proper behavior.

This includes fixing typos in changelog, removing a deprecated
mocha/setup test require, and preferring the `column_for_attribute`
accessor over direct access to the columns_hash in the new code.

When calling quote_value the underlying connection sometimes requires
more information about the column to properly return the correct quoted
value.

I ran into this issue when using optimistic locking in JRuby and the
activerecord-jdbcmssql-adapter. In SQLSever 2000, we aren't allowed to
insert a integer into a NVARCHAR column type so we need to format it as
N'3' if we want to insert into the NVARCHAR type. Unfortuantely, without
the column type being passed the connection adapter cannot properly return
the correct quote value because it doesn't know to return N'3' or '3'.

This patch is fairly straight forward where it just passes in the column
type into the quote_value, as it already has the ability to take in the column,
so it can properly handle at the connection level.

I've added the tests required to make sure that the quote_value method
is being passed the column type so that the underlying connection can
determine how to quote the value.

Fixes #11497

As `ActiveRecord::ConnectionAdapters::ConnectionManagement` middleware does not rescue from Exception (but only from StandardError),
the Connection Pool quickly runs out of connections when multiple erroneous Requests come in right after each other.

Recueing from all exceptions and not just StandardError, fixes this behaviour.

This reverts commit 9dc8aef0, reversing
changes made to 02e8dae6.

It's not immediately clear whether you can pass in multiple relations or
not. After going through the code a bit, I saw that the arguments are
just appended to an array. Also, added nested relations example.

[ci skip]

This reverts commit cb1d07e4, reversing
changes made to 754a373e.