In some circumstances engine was Arel::Table.engine which for separate
reasons was an ActiveRecord::Model::DeprecationProxy, which caused a
deprecation warning.

In any case, we want the actual model class here, since we want to use
it to infer information about associations.

Allows you to specify the model association key in a belongs_to
relationship instead of the foreign key.

The following queries are now equivalent:

Post.where(:author_id => Author.first)
Post.where(:author => Author.first)

PriceEstimate.where(:estimate_of_type => 'Treasure', :estimate_of_id => treasure)
PriceEstimate.where(:estimate_of => treasure)

This is a cleaner version of #6916.

Closes #3165.

    User.order("name asc").order("created_at desc")
    # SELECT * FROM users ORDER BY created_at desc, name asc

This also affects order defined in `default_scope` or any kind of associations.

This reverts commit 14fc8b34.

Reason: we need to discuss a better path from this removal.

Conflicts:
	activerecord/lib/active_record/reflection.rb
	activerecord/test/cases/base_test.rb
	activerecord/test/models/developer.rb

It doesn't serve much purpose now that ActiveRecord::Base.all returns a
Relation.

The code is moved to active_record_deprecated_finders.

Reason: all *_value methods are defined dynamically and so don't appear
in the documentation.

This reverts commit c47a698d.

Reason: Let's revert pending further discussions

Try to use more destructive methods on *args when applicable, to avoid
creating new objects.

This feature adds a lot of complication to ActiveRecord for dubious
value. Let's talk about what it does currently:

class Customer < ActiveRecord::Base
  composed_of :balance, :class_name => "Money", :mapping => %w(balance amount)
end

Instead, you can do something like this:

    def balance
      @balance ||= Money.new(value, currency)
    end

    def balance=(balance)
      self[:value] = balance.value
      self[:currency] = balance.currency
      @balance = balance
    end

Since that's fairly easy code to write, and doesn't need anything
extra from the framework, if you use composed_of today, you'll
have to add accessors/mutators like that.

Closes #1436
Closes #2084
Closes #3807

Based on examples seen in the Rails test suite. [ci skip]

now we can invoke previously added scope extension methods

This reverts commit fa6d921e.

Reason: Not a fan of such massive changes. We usually close such changes
if made to Rails master as a pull request. Following the same principle
here and reverting.

[ci skip]

For future reference, this is the regex I used: ^\s*#\s*\n(?!\s*#). Replace
with the first match, and voilà! Note that the regex matches a little bit too
much, so you probably want to `git add -i .` and go through every single diff
to check if it actually should be changed.

Record.from("(#{sub_query.to_sql})")    -> Record.from(sub_query)
Record.from("(#{sub_query.to_sql}) a")  -> Record.from(sub_query, :a)

This helps bring the interfaces of CollectionProxy and Relation closer
together, and reduces the delegation backflips we need to perform.

For example, first_or_create is defined thus:

class ActiveRecord::Relation
  def first_or_create(...)
    first || create(...)
  end
end

If CollectionProxy < Relation, then post.comments.first_or_create will
hit the association's #create method which will actually add the new record
to the association, just as post.comments.create would.

With the previous delegation, post.comments.first_or_create expands to
post.comments.scoped.first_or_create, where post.comments.scoped has no
knowledge of the association.